US Found Cheap but Genius Solution to Shoot Down Crazy Enemy Drones

[@EdMcF1]

So it took the US DoD 20 years to work out what duck hunters in Pennsylvania have known for over 200 years?

[@FractAlkemist]

I recall a video documentary from WW2 showing 'good ol' farm boys' from the Midwest using shotguns to shoot German grenades out of the sky. Nothing new about this.

[@Klaaism]

They have been working on a number of approaches. It's good to have multiple systems for such. Provides redundancy, and options if a particular system happens to not be appropriate in a given situation.

[@MNTrader2012]

They were training troops to do that in WWII. Just another military lessons that need to be relearned repeatedly.

[@rwh5350]

People laughed when I bought a couple 10g’s about 20yrs ago….especially when I told them they would be used to shoot down drones….

[@jonb3311]

@@FractAlkemist But... drones can attack from 360, in groups. Ducks don't fight back.

[@BionicRusty]

I worked on DIRCM/LAIRCM/NEMESIS/MIYSIS for NGC/BAES/SELEX for many years. Although the theoretical designs were for laser systems, high power lamps were initially used due to laser tech not being developed enough. As they became more powerful, I saw the systems transition to laser energy and wondered, back then, how much more powerful they would get. Although retired now, I have to marvel at the progression of laser energy systems in such a short period. Hats off to those engineers who developed the products from design into incredible tangible systems. 👏👏👏👏

[@christopherrobinson7541]

I worked on these systems in Edinburgh, Scotland. Latterly the damage Lasers were every effective.

[@garzascreek]

5:16 - All those years playing Xbox finally comes in handy.

[@franklincord2812]

Individual troops can just carry a 12 gauge loaded with goose shot but I'm confident the next step will be a fully automatic vehicle mounted 10 gauge with a 240 round magazine that fires 12 rounds per second and requires a special round with a metal casing because regular shotgun casings won't work at that speed and it will cost the US Military $50,000 each to purchase that weapon and $7 per round to fire it.

[@ziegle9876]

I think you are missing at least another zero for your price estimates...

[@saintac31northernsoul]

Fire flat discs could be the anwers france invented one 2nd ww .

[@isabellechartrand428]

Intéressant. Que cet homme très âgé soit encore de ce rend militaire bravo et un grand merci

[@EfrainZeledon-gm9ww]

EL ES UN EXPERTO CAZADOR DE PATOS POR ESO ESTA ENTRENANDO A LOS MARINES A CAZAR DRONES 😊😊😊😊😊😊

[@redfields5070]

--POW's?

[@charlesbeaudry3263]

Makes huge sense about the skeet shooting. I agree you can quickly improve your shooting of moving objects. Thanks for the heads up. I hope Ukrainians know this!

[@John-critic]

They are way ahead.

[@liamanderson4992]

Expect them to take the gold in the next Olympics.

[@SalyLuz-hc6he]

I do know two guys who have taken down drones, but not with shotguns & they haven’t had any practice with skeet at all. I think they should add this to basic training and give everyone at least some clays experience, because drones do not always attack in swarms. If they at least had some experience and shotguns available, by now this would have saved very many lives.

[@gaian2000]

I have hearing loss dating from 8/18/1968 when my platoon was wiped out in a river ambush. I served in combat with the 9th Infantry Division's 2nd Brigade (Mobile Riverine Force). I am sorry you don't provide closed captioning for this video. The commercials have closed captioning but you don't. Is it a huge expense? Thanks for keeping us up to date on military developments and please consider adding closed captioning for us combat veterans. Thanks.

[@stephenb2870]

There’s no commentary. Just music and gunshots.

[@MNTrader2012]

There is closed caption on my screen.

[@gregdowd939]

Thank you very much for your service sir and my condolences for the loss of your team mates I'm sorry

[@SalyLuz-hc6he]

@gaian2000: There is no audible communication in this video, except at the end when they are asking people to subscribe. For the person saying they have CC available, I’ve checked three times and here in the center of the US, CC option is greyed out, not available. But because the only thing audible is music, gun blasts, rotor & engine noise, You are not missing out on any conversation or commentary. All the information communicated is printed on screen. 🫡

[@widowmaker7462]

Get some hearing aids Rambo.

[@harrybarrow6222]

Shotguns seem to be the logical weapon against drones. The UK has also developed a laser weapon that costs around 15 cents per shot.

[@blxtothis]

That’s Dragonfire, comes in a couple of sizes.

[@oliivioljy9700]

The shotgun only works in urban warfare, so it's a weak performance in practice.

[@michaelmcneil4168]

@@oliivioljy9700 Who can protect civilians agains these gangsters?

[@Klaaism]

It's good to have multiple systems for such purposes. Provides redundancy, and options if a particular system happens to not be appropriate in a situation.

[@aniksamiurrahman6365]

Only, drones can easily out fly shotgun range and outmaneuver the laser weapon. Also, overwhelm and destroy the laser system with 1/100th of the cost.

[@lizzardwizard2000]

Shotgun training involves teaching to shoot without aiming. Keeping both eyes open, pointing and leading the target, and following through with the “swing” of the barrel.

[@_B.C_]

We have drones in the states that can fly 300+ mph acutely. As an anti personnel device it wouldn’t even need explosives… they could just put a small amount of anticoagulant inside.

[@rheinmoses29]

@@lizzardwizard2000 This works perfectly at night. The shooters have owl eyes.

[@rheinmoses29]

@@lizzardwizard2000 Drones are at least three times faster than ducks. This cannot be practiced in real life

[@SalyLuz-hc6he]

@@rheinmoses29 Not all drones are always diving at full speed. Many of them hover, survey, follow along. I know two guys who have shot down drones with rifles. I think everybody should get skeet & shotgun training, As there are thousands of situations where very many lives could’ve been saved.

[@jmichos]

Finally ! I’ve been suggesting this for over a year now

[@ericlofroos2405]

Suddenly, the movie Terminator, doesn’t seem so far fetched. We’re watching the rise of the machine before our very eyes.

[@Wyrm1701]

There's an old goose-poaching trick that could be updated a bit to improve effectiveness. What the old-timers used to do was to attachlead weights to about six inches of fishing cable, and pack that in the shell. That created a bolas effect and some of the time when it worked, you had a very effective cripple-stopper. So, to improve this attach the weights to a spider-web of kevlar or dyneema threads, and put it inside a rifled sabot. That gets the sabot spinning so when it leaves the barrel and is discarded, the weights all spread out under centripetal force and spread out the web. Hit the drone with any part of the web and it'll get tangled and downed.

[@captainsalty9022]

These have been on the market for a number of years.

[@Redfish_F-15]

The military is about to create some amazing duck hunters

[@MilitaryInsights12]

"Looks like the military is taking precision to a whole new level-even for duck hunting!"

[@aangelus3581]

Longue vie !

[@mach1853]

NO-ONE compares to the great Elmer Fudd !!!

[@nivek5031]

Ukrainians are already amazing duck hunters. Have you seen a Russian duck, when a Ukrainian shoots?

[@solentbum]

The RAF used shotguns to train their airgunners in 1939.

[@ColinWatters]

You still have to see the drone even with a shotgun.

[@SalyLuz-hc6he]

To anyone who has ever used one, that is already obvious.

[@georgemiller151]

The interceptor drone test was with a stationary target. That doesn’t give me confidence that the manufacturer has anything more than a marketing video.

[@oliivioljy9700]

It would be smarter to make a drone that preys on other drones by locking the target with a motion sensor and tracking speed and then explodes next to it. And of course, the communication drone either flies high almost to its location and reports the situation in the area just like ground radars, but sends encrypted information to a nearby base. You shouldn't make things more difficult than they already are.

[@gerardgoubel4169]

😮0​@@oliivioljy9700

[@matteocassino3172]

A closer look at the Raytheon Phaser operator panel shows 05:47 that this video footage is from 24/10/2018. Not so current I would say.

[@philliplopez8745]

Prime time for a 10 guage semi auto , modern " long tom "

[@davidyoder-rh4wf]

Nope to hard to get ammo

[@leonardcollings7389]

@@davidyoder-rh4wf Military can get all the ammo it wants and then some.

[@georgesheffield1580]

Rem SP10 ,long barrel ,big load of high density tungsten shot ,may be OK to about 100 meters ???

[@hifinsword]

If I was designing a Combat Drone, it would not be flying at cruising speed. It would be zooming along at whatever their top speed is, and you wouldn't have time to react. Multicopter drones would only be used for ISR. Attack drones would be fixed wing and fly to a lazer-designated or AI-designated target. An automated system is required to be effective. It would be a CIWS Light sort of system with small caliber bullets or LAZER, and a fast 360 degree radar tied to a fire-control system.

[@grbradsk]

Great, but why not have a phased array emp box that just directs an energy beam to a detected drone in 3D? Or, essentially fire a mini guided drone at an enemy drone? Why depend on human aim?

[@haroldingmire6768]

If they can hit skeet pidgins with those guns they can hit a drone. The hard part will be determining what shot size to use, plus those benellis are probably open bore chokes and need to be at least modified chokes. With double Ott buckshot, they could reach out to 100 yards.

[@christopherrobinson7541]

That is 300ft. These drones fly at least 60 kts, which is 6,000 ft per minute, 100ft per second, hence the drone will only be in range for 3 seconds. Many drones fly much faster. Best of luck.

[@MrTemplerage]

OOOH! Like skeet shooting. Assess speed and trajectory and aim accordingly.

[@aaronfreeman5264]

Also good for anti-grenade Trench Guns, in The Great War.

[@67claudius]

Benelli M4 as an anti-drone weapon, awesome!

[@stephen3966]

Shotgun range is still too short, IMO. Drone can decend and attack from higher attitude.

[@lizzardwizard2000]

Yes- it’s challenging. The sound of the drone is usually only detected when it is danger close. They will make drones even quieter in the future.

[@pirsensor1186]

And if there a 3 drones to atack the target😂

[@alvydasjokubauskas2587]

And what happens when you have a swarm of drones, how many shotgun bullets can you carry? I think it wont be enough and you will have to constantly reload....

[@tomrobertson3236]

There is no silver bullet Shotguns are just one layer of defence Why do we have 4 different mortars sizes

[@oliivioljy9700]

@@pirsensor1186 Here's the thing when you don't think about swarms at all, but always about that one drone.

[@lescobrandon2202]

Who didn't think of a shotgun when drones first time appeared in the battlefield? I mean literally everyone did.

[@ssmith4013]

Russians/Ukrainians can't have guns, so it is not like the U.S., where every household has 6.

[@raptorsean1464]

How about the sea wiz? Or whatever that close in weapon system is called. Miniaturized to shoot shoot 22 cal

[@davebenson1294]

Maybe bring back the punt guns.

[@JoyPeace-ej2uv]

How about electrically charged nets like the ones they use for wildlife?

[@antoniocarlosnajar8626]

PARABÉNS PELO VÍDEO, EXCELENTE!!!

[@justgivemethetruth]

This is cool, and it looks fun - but the next step will be for drone makers to camouflage and speed up the drones. Sounds like it will be a temporary tactic.

[@DCIagent]

During WW2, the USAAF trained bomber gunners using shotguns and clay targets. For airmen that had never hunted waterfowl, it gave them practice with leading a moving target and shooting with both eyes open. The effective range of a shotgun is approx. 50 meters with larger shot. Fletchette loads would extend the range a little further. Combat shotguns could be a cheap alternative against FPV drones when combined with other anti-drone measures and NVG's. As we have seen, drone warfare is the future of combat operations.

[@arlenbell4376]

I’ve seen a couple of very accomplished pistol shooters that could shoot smaller and faster moving thing out of the air at distances further that a shotgun can. It takes A LOT of practice! I’m sure one of the experimental rifles that fired by itself when it calculated the aim point could be very effective at longer distances.

[@rickadrian2675]

I would have thought that someone would have developed a shotgun fired round with a proximity fuse for drones by now.

[@KENCULVER]

IT'S CALLED BIRD-X

[@ssmith4013]

Or a radar guided RPG-7 round.

[@wackowacko8931]

Those shotgun shells need a proximity fuse that shoots out a net when close to the target. The net can be made of simple fine filament fishing line, all it need to do is to tangle one rotor and the drone is finished. The shotgun could be coupled with a small radar unit to shoot it (like a CWIS) to remove human error.

[@DavidBoxer-t2d]

And people said I was crazy for skeet shooting with an m4 w/no choke. It really is that good of a gun!

[@accesshouse]

ingenious why didn't anyone think of this before now. wow

[@vepr1332]

It would have been nice to hear what load they were shooting. Buckshot, goose loads, 2 3/4 inch, 3 inch ? It makes a difference.

[@rheinmoses29]

Reliable drone defense cannot be achieved by men with guns, especially not at night. It requires automatic targeting devices that are in contact with a missile or a cannon with a range of at least 5 km. Everything else is amateurish patchwork.

[@michaelmcneil4168]

Ever heard of Radar it is a sort of anti drone signal that was inventes 100 years ago. It seems that the process can be utilised in reverse it only took 10 decades to think of it.

[@aandarcom]

@@michaelmcneil4168 Turn on your radar, enemy EW knows your exact location, passes the info to their artillery, 2 minutes later you are dead.

[@KENCULVER]

USE IR SCOPES

[@TikeWates]

Definitely not true

[@chrisbraid2907]

@@aandarcomactually they only know where your radar should be …

[@michaeldaltonsr8954]

Hey!! If an old man can drop an annoying drone w/9milli-liter, HOW ABOUT THE MILITARY STEPPING UP?!?!?

[@JuhnnyPaint]

Try a bird shot load A Duck hunter load or better yet a flack load altitude explosion Better yet a gating gun firing within a box pattern AKA a wall of led

[@schabanow]

The fundamental is the point that you struggle for your LIFE while an operator just manipulates a pair of knobs with tips of his thumbs. That is the DIFFERENCE.

[@isabellechartrand428]

Il faut des bons pouces

[@59jm24]

How about a hand held laser weapon with a 500 meter range.

[@EdMcF1]

Do you mean a Phased Plasma Rifle in the 40-Watt range?

[@MyFluffyClouds]

some of that was bloody dangerous

[@LarryjB53]

If you have a squad you might want to bracket the target. One rifle on target the others 12 o'clock, six o'clock, nine o'clock, and 3 o'clock of the target.

[@davidheydon3478]

Changing the shell on a Volcan cannon, to shot gun, with tungsten steel balls maybe. Tuff to shoulder fire that

[@juanangelalonsoruiz8839]

Para drones que vuelan bajo lo mejor es una escopeta de cartuchos

[@HarryMilton-t1p]

Trap and Skeet is great training for close in anti Drone protection as a last resort.

[@4kmensagens]

Já tentara fogos de artifício para derrubar drones menores?

[@edwardshields]

Are these Marines using 00 buck with the M1014 when firing at the clays? I doubt Marines encountering drones in a time of war would be issued birdshot specifically for them. They should have 6 Packs with 40 mm buck & drone net alternating combos. I bet that would work better if they need to engage them that close.

[@fjb4932]

Requiring the shotgun shooter to keep the trigger finger alongside the action until he's acquired the target and then, and Only then, to transition from Getting Ready to Fire, to Ready to Fire, is poor training, in my opinion. On the Firing Line, at the Range, is different than walking post in stockade. So called "Safety" doctrine... ☆

[@LutherBlissett100]

I vaguely remember the use of proximity fuses to take down kamikazi aircraft late in WW2. Can’t something similar/smaller be used to take out drones ?

[@busterbriley2119]

It’s like Teal hunting.

[@SalyLuz-hc6he]

Really any water bird, including geese.

[@Lovecrunchyhumans]

🤖 FYI, as a US citizen it's a federal felony to shoot down a drone, but it sure would be fun 💯

[@vepr1332]

You drone guys keep harping that, but in certain instances, like peeping Tom's, it is considered self defense and they can be shot down. Check the case law .

[@littlebritain64]

Nets bullets filled? Maybe a cannon or a light cannon could trap drones this way...

[@aurorauplinks]

15 to 20 man hours of maintenance per hour of flight? ouch. but then i guess that goes fast with 8 guys doing it but still. ouch.

[@cesaryamilcanals4832]

La mejor fuerza armada del mundo 🇺🇸✌🏻🙏🏻🌎🇵🇷

[@jack_dparrow]

These costly lasers and radar guns will not see another day. Shotgun based or portable size is the path to develop and certain jamming techniques

[@TheBruces56]

Why is that a "Genius Solution"? That is the most obvious solution since drones were invented, at least for these small quad copter ones.

[@Artcraftcreations-y6s]

hi...that s right ...we need good stuff...don t give it trumpers ...i invested in jeep and general electric...keep up the good work..

[@diegogarciabetono8860]

Tiro al plato, tan antiguo ,como practico. Como en la primera guerra mundial, los yankis usaban las escopetas para despejar las trincheras, ahora las usan contra los drones. Saludos, desde Argentina, Buenos aires.

[@kirkhunter3000]

IIRC, didn’t US troops use combat shotguns to shoot German hand grenades out of the air in WW1?

[@paulphilippe9849]

OUAI ! Si le pilote du drone est un peu entrainé, je souhaite beaucoup de chance au tireur qui a 1 chance sur 1.000 de toucher le drone

[@palsgraph]

Osprey? They should probably make it a drone.

[@markalford5406]

All this is better than nothing but a swarm of drones is going to be a problem also drones flying out of range overhead and dropping ordinance from above.

[@saltyhumansWX]

It's quite scary to think about those direct energy weapons being used on the battlefield.

[@messiasdossantosalvesalves5857]

Eu sempre disse que a arma ideal pra derrubar drones era a calibre 12.

[@Motumatai3]

Drone's closing speed is too fast to shoot them down with a weapon with a 50m max effective range. Those kamakazi drones are doing 80 -100mph engagement speed. Ducks fly at 40ish mph

[@PerB_M]

Tell an infantryman to carry two different weapons and carry extra ammunition. Forget about it! The Ukrainians have tried it and found that it doesn't work. Even the Russians have used shotguns and recognized that it's not a sustainable solution. Make an add-on module that can be attached/detached to his primary weapon in seconds, so the weight is low and you only need to carry limited ammunition. The task of having the module on display in the share can then be rotated. Such a module will also be accepted by everyone in the share. Theory invented behind a desk often never works in practice.

[@1ntwndrboy198]

How difficult or expensive could it be to hook up these guns to motion detectors and a laptop with an app.?

[@SomethingBlonde-oc7sc]

Ukrainians are making amazing advances with regard to drone warfare these days. 🇺🇦🇺🇸

[@Hammydavis]

Maybe I should’ve enlisted years ago I was great at duck hunt the game of the 80s

[@tommy_boy8631]

I posted using 10 guage shotguns with magnum loads over a year ago.. Special rounds can be designed specifically for drones Can even shoot net-type rounds to wrap the props Drones can fire a smaller guage round to disable enemy drones

[@chodkowski01]

Drones can fly above the clouds what are the range of the pellets from a shotgun.

[@tommy_boy8631]

you have been hitting the potato juice too much

[@willempasterkamp862]

Why isn't this an olympic discipline ? where the clay-discs shoot back !

[@emigab5497]

Imagine dozens of tubings welded together and fed from the back some twelve bores amos diameter 10mm . Effective. You have just to adjust the quality of powder. Shot hundreds of steel balls in all directions in the air. Cheap to do and to use. . Ideas? Wild ducks going home at dawn are much faster than those drones.

[@snowwhite7677]

Has anyone tried Airsoft guns? Some of them really pack a punch & can spit a lot of BBs on full auto. You only have to hit 1 of the propellers on most quad drones to take them down. Airsoft is not considered a weapon so you can take it a lot of places that you can't take firearms or other weapons.

[@commonlawrights9514]

Huh, how is that a genuine idea , using shoot gun for flying Objects has been used for years 🥳

[@TaserTot]

I wonder if you could make a ceramic coated chamber or something that wouldn't melt plastic shotgun shells in an automatic weapon

[@TindolsMetals]

I’ve been saying this for almost 3 dam years now it took you guys this long to figure out fishing nets and shotguns will handle small drones this is just NEGLIGENCE

[@johnhong7194]

Shot gun has too short range

[@picardiebelleregion9508]

Les US n'ont rien inventé du tout ! La passée aux canards est un très ancien sport chez nous 😅😂🦆🦆🦆

[@cesarestivales]

E se o drone voar a uma altura difícil de ser abatido e soltar uma granada de impacto?

[@ronfox5519]

They have those automated 20mm guns on ships that track and lead attacking planes and missles. Why cant they do the same with a rifle or grenade launcher? Especially with thos commercial drones transmitting almost continuously. That shouls make them sper wasy to lock on to.

[@schabanow]

Look guys, the point is they don't hang still midair, they do MANEUVER like a hell. No way to introduce mere last chance shooting as 'new cheap cure for FPV'. It's ridiculous.

[@ehombane]

Or when it comes at full speed at one meter altitude. Or when 200 of them comes at you. In the end there is no cheap solution to war.

[@Zinovy-x6g]

Как говорил один знакомый - В кине, всё, как в кине.

[@aadu7505]

Finalement l ennemi du drone est un bon chasseur de bécasse ! Du coup l armée Française va être la plus grande armée européenne 😄

[@somedude1841]

If you see how fast the drones actually can move a shotgun is the Holly crap I’m going to die last resort. Shooting a stationary drone with in 40 yards is not that hard. But those drones are way higher than that so you can’t see or hear them. The ones they used against troops move faster then most people can shoot. Jaming and automated systems is what you need

[@kelvinh8327]

I wouldn't go and collect a downed drone. It may be boobytrapped.

[@scottgorski7931]

You can't imitate teal with trap or skeet and drones are more like teal in flight with sudden direction changes. Shotgun range is maybe 60 yards using large sized shot. Using larger shot extends the range but reduces the amount of shot you can load in the shell, making the pattern less dense (fewer pellets). Also to increase the speed of the shot (fps= feet per second) different powders are required. Usual trap loads travel at 1200 fps using # 8 or 9 shot. To fire a 3 to 3 1/2 inch shell with large shot at high velocity (around 1400+ fps) requires a more powerful powder which also increases recoil, meaning more time to re-acquire the target after a shot is fired. Actually ducks aren't a good comparison to drones, maybe woodcock or hummingbirds. If you've ever watched a hummingbird move after it senses a threat you know what I mean. Yeah; if the neighbor is flying a consumer grade drone over my property, the Remington 870 will take it down using #4 steel with one shot. We're not talking about consumer grade drones.

[@sergiogalvan7400]

Una buena escopeta con municiones muy pequeñas con el cañón largo se destruyen los drones a 60 metros

[@georgesheffield1580]

They are shooting in front of them not at high passing shots . ,try again

[@joseblazquezgarcia8559]

Pues no hay que pensar mucho , para hacer eso

[@雷尔夫胡]

How to detect drones is currently a difficult problem. Radar will ignore drones because the echo reflection characteristics of drones are the same as those of birds. It seems that drones can only be located through radio detectors.😄😄😄😄😄😄

[@brassslowhand3680]

drones 'shake hands' (communicate) with the controller on the ground. It's done with radio transmissions. Jamming the drone's 'receiver' would be a positive step to down that drone. Note: radar is dependent on the physical size of an object and not it's controlling radio frequencies. So, to sum it up... a 'radio direction-finder' that uses the same band of frequencies that the drone controlling receiver uses...would be good for locating that devil drone. Radar would confuse it to a bird, but radio direction-finding would CONFIRM it as a drone....

[@chodkowski01]

@@brassslowhand3680unless the drone has encrypted frequencies that change.

[@matthewhuszarik4173]

Well since the are continuous emitting a radio signal it should be every easy to detect them.

[@ehbcd]

Only effective if they're in range and if they're in range and carrying an explosive charge they're too close to you. Drones have all but made ground forces useless until total control of the air has been achieved, no more sneaking around and artillery will be on you fast.

[@NickMirro]

Bet there aren't many squirrels alive in those woods!

[@TaserTot]

I'm waiting for like a 4 gauge automatic weapon with AI targeting that uses steel buckshot of some sort but not too big.

[@mjeffn2]

I wonder what the engine out performance of an Osprey is.

[@christopherrobinson7541]

Both engines can drive by propellers.

[@hotchihuahua1546]

You will have large mother drones carrying many drones that are dropped on their intended targets after surveillance at high altitudes ! The sacrifice drone will be much quieter because they are already at altitude dropping down on their target .

[@WILLIAM1690WALES]

It may be outside the box, but to destroy a drone with can be quite a height and distance. Why not use your own drone to attack it, and then both drones are destroyed?

[@m561gamagoat]

Have any of these developers seen or been to an fpv drone race. The speed and agility of these things is way beyond what is shown here. Loitering/observation drones are quite likely out of range. Kamikaze drones need long range countermeasures with wide beam ability including single shot short pulse capability.

[@pnachtwey]

Not impressed hitting a stationary drone.

[@domipa3972]

Cinéma made in Hollywood, comme d'habitude avec les US.