Timeline of the Americas Foldout Chart

[@UsefulCharts]

UPDATE: You can now buy the book at the UsefulCharts store: usefulcharts.com/collections/books/products/timeline-of-world-history-book

[@TheRealFeechLaManna]

This is soo good, HOW can I possibly get a hold of this book in Europe?? EDIT: I took a bite off the sour apple and ordered one from America. This is so good I have to have it, ne'ermind the customs and tariffs alone will be in excess of 100% of the purchase plus shipping price :(

[@GregFessia]

The Adena civilization is the Jaredites and the Hopewell civilization is the Nephites, Lamanites and Mulekites.

[@ArturoStojanoff]

I'm from Argentina and I completely understand you can't include everything in a 20 minute video so I wanted to add some stuff you couldn't include here. East of the Andes you have the Amazon rainforest, and south of that you start to see the area populated by the Tupí-Guaraní ethno-linguistic group, which was a semi-nomadic group with some agriculture that extended throughout most of southern Brazil, all of Paraguay and a great deal of the northeast of Argentina. They domesticated the Capybaras and Yerba Mate, and they were quite friendly with the Spanish, which is why a great deal of the mestizos of South America have Guaraní blood. So much so that Paraguay still speaks both Spanish and Guaraní to this day. Further south, Argentina and Chile were more like the U.S., with mostly nomadic, hunter-gatherer groups, but some are worth pointing out. The Selknam people in the southern tip of the continent used to swim in the frigid waters by slathering their bodies with whale grease, and it is believed they were genetically adapted to colder weather. They also were apparently pretty tall and corpulent, which is why the first Europeans to reach the area called them "patagons," meaning "giants," which is where we get the name Patagonia. Later, however, most of the people groups of the region were displaced by the Tehuelche and especially the Mapuche people group, who became outstanding horsemen after the horse was introduced from Europe. They were formidable fighters, and they were some of the last people groups to be subdued by Western forces. Before any of this, however, there were already people in South America at least around 7,300 BC. We know this because of the "Cueva de las Manos," or "Cave of the Hands," in modern day Santa Cruz, Argentina, which is a cave with the imprint of dozens of colorful hands that date back to that time.

[@UsefulCharts]

Great info... thanks! I admit, I know much more about North America than South America so tended to concentrate more on the north.

[@augustobarbosab.773]

Actually the tupi-guarani occupied all of Brazil's coast, from Rio Grande do Sul to Pará in a dialect continuum, not only the South. They also had domesticated mandioca aka yuca (and even created an alcoholic drink out of it called cauim), peanuts and cocoa (which is native to the Amazon). An interesting fact is that they also had a specific route which initiated in what is now Brazil (São Vicente) and went all the way to Cusco, in the Incan Empire.

[@etchalaco9971]

are we talking about civilizations?

[@ArturoStojanoff]

@@etchalaco9971 I forgot about that. I guess these are not civilizations. Sorry.

[@ArturoStojanoff]

@@augustobarbosab.773 Yes sorry. I was hedging my bets because I wasn’t sure. But they were spread out really far and wide.

[@homerth1555]

I work as a professional archaeologist in Arizona. Some corrections: Pit structures were in use as early as 4,100 years ago. Maize agriculture has also been documented 4,100 years ago. The oldest irrigation canals date to 3,500 years ago. Pottery use in the SW became widespread around AD 50. Also, pueblos are primarily made out of stone instead of mud bricks (you even show Mesa Verde, which is made from stone).

[@garymaidman625]

Another interesting tidbit of information is pre-Columbian America were stone age. That's not to take anything away from them of course, they were still highly sophisticated, but they didn't have access to bronze or iron and therefore can't be considered bronze age or stone age.

[@homerth1555]

@@garymaidman625 Well that isn't correct. Various groups knew how to create gold and/or copper artifacts. Here in Arizona archaeologists occasionally discover copper bells manufactured further south in Mexico.

[@garymaidman625]

@@homerth1555 it actually is true. Sure they occasionally encounter copper bells, copper needs tin to become bronze. Tin deposits are much more rare than copper and there are no substantial deposits in North America, only South America, therefore not a bronze age. Likewise, there are no substantial deposits of iron in the Americas, therefore no iron age either. There was no widespread smelting of copper or iron, therefore no bronze age or iron age. While it's true gold and silver was extensively worked, Andean and many Mesoamerican cultures never worked bronze nor iron. Knowing how to work with gold, silver and copper do not constitute a bronze or iron age. So, my comment is in fact correct.

[@homerth1555]

@@garymaidman625 So they had a Gold Age instead. Pretty sure the indigenous cultures of North and South America do not need you deciding whether their degree of metal working meets your criteria.

[@garymaidman625]

@@homerth1555 I did say in my original comment, which you told me I was incorrect about, that it was taking nothing away from them, as they were highly sophisticated. You told me I was incorrect and you claim to be a professional archaeologist and then snarkily referred to my criteria. This is the standardized criteria in archaeology, so while they don't need to be taught what constitutes bronze and iron age, you clearly do. I specifically said that they did not have a bronze or iron age and you specifically said that was incorrect because they are copper and gold artifacts. Clearly you do not understand what the definition of bronze age and iron age are. My original comment wasn't calling you out for being wrong, but instead adding to the information you provided. You called me out for being wrong, which I am not. While my expertise is not archaeology of the Americas, I know enough about archaeology of the Americas through my bachelors degree in archaeology to know what I speak is in fact correct, otherwise I would not have made the comment in the first place, let alone prefacing it with 'an interesting tidbit of information'. It is indeed an interesting tidbit of information that, despite the sophistication of the pre-Columbian civilizations, they never reached a bronze age or an iron age.

[@loislewis5229]

I gave this book and several of your other charts to my son (a high school history teacher) for Christmas. He loved them. !!!

[@steakfilly5199]

I wish you were my parent lol

[@UsefulCharts]

Watch this great reaction video by Aztlan Historian: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jWWnnJiFeMt6ebs Also, there's a mistake near the bottom of the chart: Under the Incas, it should say, "Viceroyalty of Peru". Luckily, the book version does not have this mistake.

[@VelocityZap]

Sounds good.

[@D.G.M.]

Machu Picchu is also missing a "C". I noticed because we usually pronounce it.

[@fabiankempazo7055]

pre-columbian americas... are there any research synergies with your new coming video "who wrote the book of mormon" for with I am waiting. ;) :D Or will the lacking historical evidences of the storries not be a part of the video but only "translation" part?

[@UsefulCharts]

@@fabiankempazo7055 Yup, I purposely did this video prior to the Mormon one (which will be next week) so that I could refer back to it.

[@hallowacko]

I hope Ancient Americas comes see this. Reach out to him if you get a chance.

[@rodrigodepierola]

The Norte Chico (or Caral-Supe) culture is a coastal civilization not andean, focused both on the fertile lowland valleys of the otherwise desertic Peruvian coast, and the sea.

[@UsefulCharts]

Thanks for the correction.

[@rodrigodepierola]

@@UsefulCharts If you come down here to Peru, give me a call and we can see some of our fantastic history.

[@ShnoogleMan]

While that’s true, I think it’s still fair to call it the cradle of Andean civilization given that it’s part of that region.

[@rodrigodepierola]

@@ShnoogleMan Definitely. From what we know today Caral-Supe is the origin of Coastal and Andean Cultures.

[@ShnoogleMan]

@@rodrigodepierola Sure, although I think in this context, when we talk about Andean Civilization it doesn’t necessarily mean just up in the mountains but also includes the nearby coast of the Andean region.

[@pedromenchik1961]

Nice video! I really missed a line going over the different peoples of the Amazonian forest, as they are very different from the other cultures you mentioned. The Marajoara, for instance, had interesting pottery and made a settlement of around 100,000 people according to some authors.

[@marioalbertocamposcamacho2743]

Some points for a future version of this chart: - South America being a single line vs USA+Canada being multiple is a terrible disproportion. - SA was not jus Central Andes, and even there Coast and Highland cultures could have their own lines. - The Caribbean and the intermediate area of Central America are other ignored regions. - Dont just finish Maya (not Mayans) at end of their classic era, maya city states continued even with great entities ike the League of Mayapán and some very late like Nojpetén in 1697. - Zapotec golden age could be followed by the rise of Mixtec kingdoms. - A line of Western México and Gulf Coast cultures is also easy to add for Mesoamerica.

[@garymaidman625]

To be fair, it's a 20 minute video. There is only so much you can fit in to a 20 minute video. He even says at the end of the video that it's not meant to be a comprehensive guide.

[@sarahloomis2034]

An Amazon line would also be good. Love to see West Mexico getting some recognition!

[@turingmachine4617]

always glad to see a post from useful charts! Informative, well designed and produced!

[@mathieuleader8601]

I first learnt of Omec society from the Simpsons episode Blood Feud where Mr. Burns donates an Omec head as unique gift after Bart donated his blood to Mr. Burns.

[@lostfan5054]

I love how you say "tenochtitlan". It's a tough word. The Aztec language is among the more tricky langues for English speakers, and it has a lot of TL in it. Even the word Mexico comes from the Aztec word "Mexitl", I believe. I could be wrong tho. Anyway GREAT video!!! Love your content.

[@gunjfur8633]

From my understanding Mexico in Nahuatl was Mēxihco /meː∫iʔko/

[@ElijahBerg0011]

Ten ouch titlan

[@chriselliott4621]

Yes new vid! Recently purchased three of your charts; amazing quality and size. More than I imagined they would be. You guys do great work, keep it up!

[@earthknight60]

A quick note on the Maya.... Mayan is generally used to refer specifically to linguistic aspects of the culture, Maya is generally the preferred term for the people, civilization, culture, etc. (Eg, Maya people, Maya mathematics, Maya foods; Mayan language). This is something that confuses a lot of English speakers, likely due to the expectations of pluralization rules, but in almost all cases Maya is the term that should be used, not Mayan, unless it's in specific reference to the language itself.

[@m-w-x8859]

Many places/reservations in the US use the term "American Indian" as a way help identify the tribes that are specifically affected by the US government/citizens. It's a term that's also still baked into laws and treaties. CP grey has a video that works as a good starting point on the subject if interested

[@lamonszorro]

Also, in Quebec they are commonly refered to as "Amérindiens" which is of course short for American Indian

[@nHans]

Just because it's an official or legal term doesn't make it less offensive. Languages evolve. Terminology that might have worked fine in the past should be discontinued if, in contemporary usage, it is incorrect, confusing, misguided, offensive, or just plain wrong. The problem with "American Indian" is with the "Indian" part. If you know your history and geography, you would know that back in Columbus' days, "India" referred to a specific region of South Asia (it's a country today), and the natives of India are known as "Indians." Columbus was trying to find an alternative sea route from Europe to India. Enroute, he landed in the Bahamas-then unknown to the Europeans. The natives had colored skin, unlike his own. Out of ignorance, optimism, or just plain racism, he called them "Red Indians." And that's the origin of why the indigenous people of the Americas started to be called "Indian." I'm from India, and it's perfectly fine to refer to me, my nationality, ethnicity, culture, and cuisine as "Indian." It is, however, offensive to refer to anyone else as "Indian"-particularly if they don't have any link to India other than brown skin.

[@RenegadeShepard69]

@@nHans Exactly, there is already a peoples called Indians, a country called Indian. We can just call Native Americans as native or indigenous, which is descriptive and accurate enough. By the way, how are America's Natives called in India? Is there anyone that even thinks it makes sense to call them "West Indies' Indians"? It's an outdated name that might make even less sense in India I suppose.

[@nHans]

​@@RenegadeShepard69 I'm more than happy to talk about India anytime, even though this video wasn't about us 🤣. So to answer your question: Well, for most of us in India, English is not our first language. So when speaking in English, we generally use the terms that the British, Americans, or Canadians use. Provided it's not too confusing. For us, "Indian" _always_ refers to people of India. Naturally. We don't even say "American Indian," because that's easily confused with "Indian-American"-i.e. people like Kamala Harris, M Night Shyamalan, Deepak Chopra, Hasan Minhaj, many tech CEOs, and all the New Jersey motel owners. And that leaves us with "Native Americans" for the indigenous people of USA and "First Nations" for Canada-the same terms used in those respective countries. If you insist on a comprehensive term encompassing the indigenous people of all the Americas, it is "Red Indians." Yup. Sorry. That's what the English textbooks-which we inherited from the British-teach us. Please don't blame us when the broad English-speaking world cannot arrive at a more modern consensus! I too prefer "Indigenous American." But it's not in common use yet. And it's 8 syllables long. "Native American" is 6 syllables. No wonder the colonists overwhelmingly used the 2-syllable "Engine." (You know what I mean; I can't spell it out because of content moderation.) As for "West Indies," or _Windies_ for short-that's a cricketing term. We use it only for a small group of island nations that play cricket with us. We don't use it for Native Americans or First Nations. Cricket is king, so we're willing to overlook the bad history. But we carefully distinguish "West Indies" from "West India"-the latter, of course, is the western part of India.

[@RenegadeShepard69]

@@nHans Well thanks for a quite thorough and even funny answer. I didn't think West Indies would be used in any context any more, but you're right now that I think about I might have seen something like that for cricket, I think I saw it for music too but that's some decades ago, and was used by people from the UK too. I notice that even with English not being Indians' first language I always come across Indians that are very eloquent in the language. A true country of polyglots. And with enough sensitivity to understand the nuances of english sometimes better than anglophones I dare say, hah, such as in this case.

[@bryanvanloo5454]

I love these charts. Great guides for project-based learning. I use them as scaffolding and students do research to fill in the details with the most current data available. Thanks so much for sharing!

[@geraldmeehan8942]

Thank you Matt glad to see new video!

[@sanexpreso2944]

Also the oldest city in America is located in Peru, it is called Caral-Supe, with more than 5000 years old.

[@LongHairedFreakyDude]

One thing I appreciate about these videos is how calculated every statement is, and how you think about the underlying philosophy of all these concepts.

[@krizzygirl206]

I got this book for Christmas and absolutely LOVE it! Can't get enough of your videos!

[@AncientAmericas]

Be still, my beating heart.

[@yourhandsomestep-dad2669]

Make more content for me to consume!!! MORE BLOOD FOR THE BLOOD GOD!!!

[@fatihyapc1068]

Thanks for the video. As a turkish person, i don't know early history of america well enough and you helped me a lot to have a general view to american history. If we are going to learn history, we need to look from all sides so we can have a wider spectrum and can think in more general. I am looking forward to see the european chart ☺️

[@AwesomeSauce696969]

I really love thinking about the cultures of Pre-Colombian Americas... I wish I could travel back in time and see all these cultures at their peak, especially on the west coast of North America where there was so much variety of languages. Very cool video.

[@JaredtheRabbit]

This looks quite cool! One of the ideas that I had, as a Métis man living in the Cowichan Valley (located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia), was making a comic that is an adaptation of the 1988 animated film “The Land Before Time”. There’s a twist to this adaptation, though; it is set in the aforementioned valley, but prior to European settlement; hence why the adaptation is titled “The Time Before the Europeans”.

[@jusjase27]

Hi Jared. This is a genuine question as I have never seen it answered anywhere. I am not using the correct terminology so forgive lacking in historical context of the bluntness of the question. A black person and a white person is called bi-racial (obama) but he identified as black. How is the french and native (first nation) person (metis) considered a whole complete separate race? Once again forgive the clumsiness of the question just curious who it is perceived in your (metis) construction of race/identity/culture.

[@noradrufovka6581]

Its amazing your capacity to work out all these charts, good work

[@kailomonkey]

This was a great, revealing episode. Thank you!

[@topkat3764]

The Pueblo buildings look so cool.

[@DreaOnzagle]

Love the caveat you’ve put in re: civilizations & advancement! Also very glad to see a video on this topic!

[@radoskan]

Matt I love your highly respectful and kind way of talking.

[@alisonsmith6643]

Loving your work Matt! Noticed the 'dawn of everything' copy at the start of your video- I've just started reading it and, alongside your book, it's helping me feel grounded and inspired in the midst of such global strife. Would love to see you put together some hopeful-history charts 😊

[@robertstrawser1426]

Great video and chart although I would echo some of the former comments regarding the omission of the rest of South America and the Caribbean cultures. I would add that the post-classic Maya civilizations of the Yucatán deserve mention, Chichen Itza, Mayapan, etc… also the Mayan writing system was actually still in use till right up to the conquest. The monumental stone inscriptions may have ended in the late 9th century, but they were still producing books right up to the contact period. In the 16th century there were still enough natives, who were familiar with the script, to give DeLanda an approximate “alphabet” which later proved invaluable in deciphering the glyphs (right before he burned hundreds of their books). He was also able to record the intricate calendar system as well, which was still in use up to the 1500’s. Also, you may want to have mentioned chocolate, a very important cultural beverage in Mesoamerica and, along with corn, potatoes, tomatoes and chili peppers, one of the most popular crops in the world. Kudos, though, for mentioning the 3 sisters.

[@benjaminrush4443]

Thank you for your quick overview. Some time ago I did some extensive study and enjoy the History of the Americas and the original people. Well Done. ☺

[@jakec5618]

Interesting how 2 civilizations so far away from each both made structures in the form of pyramids.

[@bigbigfizzi]

This is fascinating. And i wish that schools would teach as well and as much useful info as you do.

[@zaydraco]

You forgot the period where Cuicuilco and Copilot we're on the region next to Mexico city

[@joshygoldiem_j2799]

FUN FACT: The flag of Mexico reflects the city of Tenochtitlan. Legend has it that for around a hundred years, the Aztecs awaited the fulfillment of a prophecy that they would build the greatest city ever where they saw an eagle perched on top of a cactus with a worm in its beak. They eventually realised this prophecy in the most unlikely of places; on a small island in the middle of a huge lake. Not only did placing Tenochtitlan there fulfill an ancient prophecy, it also made perfect geographic sense given their understandings at the time. At its peak, Tenochtitlan had a population five times that of London under Henry VIII; only the likes of Paris, Venice and Constantinople may have been able to rival it.

[@biggibbs4678]

Didn't it flood all the time? Even for years at a time

[@inatmen]

Just one comment.. a few years algo there was a amazing Discovery.. when toltecs left they original region, some of them unified with a group of mayans.. they restablished in the North part of mayan territory and they builded Chichén Itza, Tulum, Uxmal and other cities in Yucatan Peninsula. The south cities of the mayans where left behind (Tikal, Copan, Palenque)...

[@davegray8542]

Loved the video. My main area of research is Mesoamerica so its always great to get info about other regions. The current view of Maya and Olmec interactions is more that they were sister societies rather than the older concept of the Olmecs being the mother culture. The Maya city of El Mirador probably had a population as large as Teotihuacan at its height. i get that theres only so much that can be put into a short video thanks.

[@thiagocarminate4181]

18:00 this is not the Viceroyalty of Brazil, but the Viceroyalty of Peru

[@Peripepp]

I suppose it will be wise to split the chart into at least two separate charts: a North and Mesoamerican chart and a South and Andean chart

[@Math.C.T]

17:51 well the Incan Empire wasn't in the Viceroyalty of Brazil but in Peru

[@RenegadeShepard69]

An extremely basic mistake. If I were to not even know that I would just refrain from talking about it altogether, but I'm not this channel's owner so here we are.

[@amaanraichuri5177]

I bought your book and I love it‼️‼️♥️♥️♥️ Please do publish more books like these🙏😁

[@paulkoza8652]

Nice summary Matt. It has always baffled me about how humans spread south from the land bridge (if one subscribes to that theory) all the way to the tip of South America. Why did humans not stop when they reached certain geographic areas that provided abundant resources for life rather than continue on into less hospitable areas? How did the various language groups evolve? Etc. As you pointed out at the end of your video, it would be a mistake to believe that the location of the various peoples at the time of European contact occupied the same territory for centuries in the past. I do not doubt that major natural changes, such as the ones you pointed out, had an influence on these peoples and their migrations.

[@overkill1025]

The oldest sites come from south america. There were several migrations.

[@judsonwall8615]

@@ericp3645 Why go to the moon or Mars? Exactly. I have a personal theory that exploration is hard wired into our DNA for survival purposes. In the distant past, to leave Africa and explore other areas of the world. But in the distant future, I believe our very essence wants us to explore the cosmos. Our survival instinct wants, or needs, us to go explore and, ultimately, inhabit more than one planet. It’s only when mankind permanently lives on more than one planet will our species be guaranteed of long term survival.

[@Ragemuffn]

Food sources, climate, other peoples migrating too close to you, curiosity, nomadic life styles. There are many reasons for why people keep moving sometimes slower than others.

[@Bawhoppen]

Our desire to explore has been with us for as long as we have been 'us.' It reminds me of an old maxim people sometimes would mention: Archeology shows that humans have always been inclined to migrate and explore the world, while Neanderthals, who coexisted with us for a very long time, were generally much more content to remain where they were already living. Who is still around today?

[@alldaeiam]

Thanks!

[@jachengcr]

im digging your channel...really helpful in understanding complex timelines of history made simple

[@uvalavramoviz6993]

You all are welcome to the reddit group! I made family chart to both the sioux and the long island natives

[@38josue91]

This chart is so North America centric. The greatest civilizations we're located in meso america, yet 60% of the chart is dedicated to north American civilizations.

[@RenegadeShepard69]

Exactly, even when trying to not be eurocentric he manages to be. As is only par for the course of their culture for US Americans to discredit the history of Latin America.

[@magicpigfpv6989]

@@RenegadeShepard69 imagine watching a 20 minute video and completely missing the point about this being a summary, and that he is from Canada. Not the USA... as there is a difference. But I wouldn't expect a latin person to understand the difference. Feel the burn?

[@RenegadeShepard69]

@@magicpigfpv6989 It's obviously a summary, just a bad one. And my point still stands, whereas your point makes no sense ("latin" person?). But you are not capable of understanding what's outside your microcosm so you think that's a "sick burn bro", because you felt too attacked to get what I meant. Just another yawn-inducing uneducated monolingual anglophone, don't read and don't reply please thank you, it's a little paragraph in a way too advanced level of english for you.

[@agwatts]

Would love to see a more detailed look at the languages and cultural groupings of the First Peoples of North America. Even just in Alaska it’s tremendously diverse, so I can imagine spending quite a lot of time on the subject.

[@yesid17]

I wish you had included more south american civilizations there was so much more going on than just the central andes, but great video as always!!!

[@Ezzymoneydon]

Been waiting for a good video on this

[@thefoolonthehill8394]

18:31 Where says Vice-royalty of Brazil, it should say Vice-royalty of Perú

[@TheSimpleRomantic]

I recommend recent book Fifth Sun to learn more bout Aztecs/Nahua people and writings they left after Spanish arrived This primary source only recently studied

[@charlieduke6393]

Excellent video Matt

[@spondylus4784]

You could've included in the andean group, the chavin culture, which was thought to be the oldest or matrix culture for the rest of andean civilizations before caral (norte chico) was found. It also has the oldest representation of the staff god in the raimondi stele at an archeological site, this god eventually evolved into all the other cultures and is represented as well on paracas, nazca and even into the incan period where it became known as wirachocha.

[@gaylecheung3087]

Now, this is going to be fascinating

[@bruhchamp16593]

3:09 i can see that Matt is not above internet humor

[@agme8045]

In Argentina “Indian” is also seen as a slightly offensive term, i mean it’s not necessarily used as an insult, but it’s considered to be ignorant to call them that and depending on the tone it can sound/be rude. We usually use “pueblos originarios” (something like “original peoples”), “indigenas” (indigenous people) or “aborígenes” (aboriginals, which I think is used in Australia if im not mistaken)

[@AWindy94]

Just so you know "American Bison" is the proper name of the big animal you called the "American Buffalo". They're actually not related to the Buffalo of Africa. They are closer related to the now extinct Auroch or present day cattle that to an actual Buffalo. I was born and raised in North Dakota, (Go Bison!) so this is like pounded into us in elementary. I've had the pleasure of seeing one of the few protected heards on the plains a couple of times. Quite a sight to behold!

[@andrewlucero3631]

It should also be said that there is a still extant European Bison also called Wisent, that happens to be the national animal of both Poland and Belarus, like how the American Bison is the National Mammal of the USA

[@AWindy94]

@@andrewlucero3631 omg I had totally forgotten about Wisents!!! My dad used to tell me all kinds of fun facts about large mammals, he grew up on a big farm. Brings back a memory of driving out in the middle of nowhere, n he was telling me all about them 😊

[@victorburaglio8543]

Very enriching video indeed :) If I may suggest, instead of worrying about the quotes on ""advanced" civilisation", would the term complex civilisation match better without judgement ?

[@Stettafire]

Or even forego the word advanced alltogether

[@thekenneth3486]

Thanks so much for providing a very "macro" view which clearly shows sequences (just one example, Nazca is how much before Inca?). Those chronological references are frequently hazy or completely ignored, in my experience.

[@gabrielandresconchabotero7559]

Its really a shame not to include Colombian (from Colombia) or even Patagonian civilizations. Although there are not giant infrastructure projects such as the Incas, there is no reason to be excluded since there is a consideration for the majority of North American peoples. Considering that the "Andean people" are just limited to Peru and Bolivia is a mistake. Nevertheless, it is a good effort to show that ancient civilizations go far beyond the Eurocentrist world.

[@etchalaco9971]

Bolivia was just upper Peru

[@Stettafire]

@@etchalaco9971 Not according to Google maps

[@etchalaco9971]

@@Stettafire was is a past tense verb

[@1_Fish.2_Fish.Red_Fish.]

I’ve bought 2 of ur maps but just bought a larger house so going to need more!

[@ghengiscrayon]

Just heard your voice on Sam Arnow’s new vid. I love how my favorite KZbinrs are all friends. AtunShei, Stephen Milo, religion4breakfast, Muqadimmah, and more, the connections always amaze me

[@ghengiscrayon]

Oh! Do a chart connecting all of the KZbinrs starting with (maybe) the green brothers!

[@Nooticus]

Exceptional video, as ALWAYS!

[@emileebaker8520]

I work at a park that preserves and interprets a pre-Columbian mound site, then I came home and watched this. I can't escape

[@blufaer1e]

I love this channel and genuinely appreciate the nuance and synthesis. I look forward to watching every time a video is uploaded. That being said, I so wish the pronunciation was more accurate. It is distracting and subverts the rigor. There is already so much out there about the importance of pronunciation and names I won’t detail it here. Just a note from a fan. Thanks for your work!

[@Cyberlucy]

Thanks

[@jefflanam]

You might have mentioned the Old Copper Culture in the Great Lakes area. The people there were working native copper nuggets as long ago as 7500 BCE. Without any source of tin, though, they went back to stone for most of their tools and weapons.

[@falnica]

Tenochtitlan wasn't a city state. Together with Tezcoco and Tlacopan they formed the Triple Aliance and they created what is known today as the Aztec Empire

[@mickeyrube6623]

? Yes the three CITY-STATES created an alliance. The triple alliance. I don't see how this make Tenochtitlan not a city-state.

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Fantastic video

[@ChristianAMR]

Thanks ! But just saying : The Carib people ( Saladoid etc .. ) gave the name to the Caribbean Sea which they explored and conquered ; and had mostly Venezuela as their starting point . In the Northern part of South America and the Caribbean , The Carib and the Arawak are the main macrogroups with some of their sub-groups also being present as far south as Brazil and Bolivia . Then the Chibcha macro-group connects this region with Central America . So please , make also a video specially for South America if possible .

[@darrylerren8185]

What a nice continent. Hope that no one "DISCOVERED" it.

[@PlaysWithSquirrels32]

This is great! Thanks!

[@thomasdixon4373]

Awesome vid, love the history vids!

[@bb1111116]

The Mayans first developed a civilization (monumental archetecture) roughly at the same the same time as the Olmecs. From Wikipedia; *”Nakbe in the Petén department of Guatemala is the earliest well-documented city in the Maya lowlands,[41] where large structures have been dated to around 750 BC.”*

[@High-Tech-Geek]

Thanks! Was hoping to see how humanity migrated from Africa to the Americas... perhaps you've already covered that in another video.

[@fraso7331]

A great chart again.

[@meggorogers]

I took a field trip to poverty point as a kid. I need to revisit the site as an adult.

[@blueashke]

Oh look, a book to request for my birthday!

[@YouPreeMiPonTube]

Im more interested in an UPDATED VERSIONS. THERE ARE SOO MANY STRUCTURES FOUND RECENTLY BY LIDAR.. yeah Much More i wiukd love to see. Thanks for sharing.

[@KentPetersonmoney]

I wish native Americans could have kept records throughout history. Most tribes didn't even have a written language. Think the Maya people the only confirm tribe to have a written language

[@chepep0n]

3:16 Mexico is in north america.

[@Artur_M.]

A wild Marx appears at 3:09!

[@acmayfield6633]

And I'm gonna catch him

[@murphyislaw6174]

That bit got me laughing

[@bobmcbob9856]

The realm of the four parts was not just the name of the Inca rump state but the original empire as well

[@inkymark7655]

Thank you for your education of the public

[@ethanp5881]

I’ve heard of Native American legends of there once being a large evil tribe (around East US) that they all team up against to destroy. This could be related to the decline of the hopewell.

[@eyuin5716]

You forgot the Chavin Civilization in your chart for the Andes which they thrived from 900 BC to 200 BC

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Great to see this rendered out :). Are there plans to, at some point in the future, to put the royal family charts into a single, book like, format?

[@robindebusao]

you should do a brazilian focused one, on the native people here and on the royal family too

[@PrinceDenkichu]

"Hello, Toltecs! Goodbye, Toltecs... Hello Mississippi!"

[@Stoneworks]

3:08 bottom right corner got me laughing

[@davepayne2024]

Fantastic!!

[@grr986]

The Mayas did not disappear in 900 CE. Nor did they start in 300 CE. San Bartolo was founded around 300 BCE and was clearly Maya (there are even older Maya sites, too). Chichen Itza and many other sites in Northern Yucatan flourished after 900 CE and there were other groups in the Guatemalan highlands. There were thriving Maya sites when the Spanish arrived. The last was not conquered until 1697 (yes, 180 years after the Spanish arrival)! The period highlighted on the chart is what we call the "Classic Period" when the Mayas were writing their "Long Count" dates and building large cities in what is now the Peten region of Guatemala and nearby regions. There are still millions of Mayas living in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and El Salvador in the present day...some of them speaking languages that are the direct descendants of languages that the Classic Mayas wrote and spoke. Teotihuacan also influenced the Maya region. There is strong evidence that a son of a Teotihuacan king became king at Tikal around 378 CE, and his descendants ruled there. While the Maya had city states, there were two that had centuries long fights controlling the other other cities which had fluid allegiances to them: Tikal and Calakmul. So the chart and description has some issues on that line.

[@cesarionoexisto2848]

hey, i think it would be really interesting if you did a video on the line of succession in an alternate history where women were prioritized over men and youngest born would get the crown! maybe in england or in any other country

Would love to see a videa like this about the South American timeline...

[@wallaroo1295]

*What a wonderful channel...*

[@wallaroo1295]

😮💖😯💖🤩💖😁💖🤨💖🙃💖😲💖 *bows* Many thanks to you Sir.

[@candicedefaoite2439]

Do you have any details on the Anasazis? It is very interesting

[@-RONNIE]

Informative video 👍🏻

[@andrewlucero3631]

I think I should mention that no academic uses the term Mayan outside of linguistics anymore, and only use the term Maya. Although that should be used with care as only the people who are called Yucatec Maya call themselves Maya, those of the lowlands call themselves and languages by other ethnic terms in there various languages.

[@Nick-ct9ob]

PSA to people in Atlantic Canada who say "Mikmak" its pronounced "Migmaw"

[@marceloorellana5726]

America. Not Americas. It's one continent. Connected for over 50 million years. It's one not two. America.