USMLE STEP 1: BIAS & CONFOUNDING w/ QUESTIONS

[@RandyNeilMD]

Share with another student if it's helpful. Help the next guy in line... Keep moving forward...

[@TheParacetamol]

How do you know about my struggling topics? 😀😀. Thank You 😊🙏 really appreciate.

[@lamyaamohamedbahaaeldin3098]

this can work for step2ck right?

[@RandyNeilMD]

It should work all the way through

[@nishatshama6652]

Hey dr Neil love your videos Can you do one with relation between alpha error and p values Thank you

[@vytran-plata7992]

@@nishatshama6652 he did in the USMLE step 1 biostats summary! :)

[@frankUSA]

MNEMONIC FOR HAWTHORN EFFECT: "THEY ARE WATCHING YOU LIKE A HAWK"

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you for sharing.

[@22mooni]

Thanks this helps

[@rabiaafzal8184]

This world just need teachers like you.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you Rabia.

[@lacikins]

I am currently doing my STEP1 First Aid prep and I can honestly say going through these videos helps so much more than just reading First Aid alone, thank you so much for taking the time to make these and give great explanations of why items are right or wrong.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Glad it was helpful Lacy!

[@Thugbert0]

Dr. Neil! SIR! Thank you thank you. Just found out I passed step 3. Thank you for being my teacher throughout the years. I used your videos for step 1, 2, and 3. I recommend your channel to all my friends. Again, thank you thank you thank you. Biostats are not only easy points, but useful during our residency academic sessions and journal club. Have a wonderful day!

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thugbert, Thank you for sharing. It's such a good feeling to finally be done with the STEPs... Thank you for sharing the videos to others... It's all about helping the next guy in line...

[@yashpawate1306]

Studying for step 2. Always had trouble understanding the different types of bias until now! Thank YOU so much for making these bias so much simpler. Exam in 1.5 months, literally GOD sent!!

[@RandyNeilMD]

1.5 months... stay CONFIDENT!

[@corgisandpugs]

Watching this a couple of days before Step 2...and I finally understand EVERYTHING. THANK YOU Dr. Neil!!

[@RandyNeilMD]

Perfect timing. Go and DESTROY the Exam... Glad it was helpful. Thank you for the comment.

[@Lishawarrior2014]

I am so so so blessed that I found your videos Dr Angel-Neil .You are a life savior !

[@RandyNeilMD]

Taz, You are welcome. Glad it was helpful.

[@thecrazy5525]

Appreciate your work, you are a talented doctor ...... Thank you👏

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you for the kind comment... I assure you I have nothing special.

[@dsun_blue183]

you are the best teacher in the world doc !!...your videos are always awesome

[@RandyNeilMD]

DS, Thank you for the comment. I do appreciate your words.

[@sabaali457]

I just binged all the ethics and biostats, and I wish I had found this sooner!! amazing work! If you made a resource/videos I would GLADLY pay for this content! thank you so much!

[@RandyNeilMD]

Saba, Thank you for comment. Binge watching may cure INSOMNIA!! Glad it was helpful.

[@ahmedmohd4172]

I will pray for you Doctor, you're such an inspiration and make everything seem so simple. Thank you so much, I hope one day I can give back. ❤🙏

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you Ahmed for the kind comment.

[@ЕкатеринаСерикова-ф5з]

Just amazing. Spend 3 days for fa statistics section plus questions from uworld. For me it was waste of time. But I found your grate explanation. Thank you.

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECTION!

[@CarlosRodriguez-dw7ot]

I have no words to thank you so much, for all your videos...... It's amazing the way you teach and make it to easy for us... you should be the best channel in all youtube for STEPS....

[@noorejannat7811]

THANK YOU SAVIOUR! I was concerned about stats for my step 1 but now I feel so much better! thanks so much!

[@RandyNeilMD]

CONFIDENCE is KEY!!

[@nafissajid1]

love love love the teaching, fabulous

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you for the kind comment.

[@Bison162]

The only thing I’m mad about is that I didn’t know about your videos til I’m taking Step 3! Really fantastic stuff.

[@RandyNeilMD]

No worries... better late than never...

[@amermh144]

I am really grateful Doc! Looking forward for videos tackling Ethics. Thanks.

[@RandyNeilMD]

On the Horizon... Thank you for the feedback.

[@Knstar5566]

I really appreciate you for this video. I was so week of bias topic. After watching this video, I hope I select the right answer for that particular question, thank you Dr.Neil once again.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Musawair, I am hoping this as helpful. Thank you for the comment.

[@mohammedabdulkadir5250]

Doctor, i do honestly respect ur effort...i was weak in biostat..but u made it easier. please could u record genereal pharco equation and graphs we really thank full for u for ever.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Mohammed, I will try and put something together for PHARM. I just need to review my material and make sure to create original questions that teach the concept. Will take a little time, but I do have this in the queue... Thank you for the comment.

[@joiefully_97s.3]

Taking my Pharmacy BCPS exam in a few weeks. This is very helpful. Thank you kindly!

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome. CRUSH the exam!!

[@vytran-plata7992]

You gained another subscriber today Dr. Neil. Thanks so much for all that you do!

[@RandyNeilMD]

VY, Thank you for the vote of confidence. Let me know how I can help...

[@jamilahmad-ki7he]

day after tomorrow is exam and watching videos gives me confidence ,,, THANKYOU FOR ALL OF THESE EFFORTS

[@RandyNeilMD]

Jamil, CONFIDENCE IS KEY... The exam is just a step in the process... CRUSH IT!!

[@Peaceistheanswr]

Haha love the procedural bias example you mentioned. So true!!

[@RandyNeilMD]

A.B B, Thank you for the feedback... Always looking for good examples.

[@benjamindaniel9553]

Thank you Dr.Neil

[@RandyNeilMD]

Benjamin, Thank you for the comment. I hope it's helpful.

[@pcitrano3]

This video was great to review bias for my epidemiology final tomorrow!

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECT!! CRUSH IT!!

[@aishwaryadhawan641]

These all videos are soooooooo helpful words can’t explain

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECT!! Glad it is helpful Aishwarya.

[@mohammadelahrash8443]

Thank you for this excellent presentation

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome Mohammad

[@studyaccount4724]

Thank you Dr. Randy "Angel" Neil

[@RandyNeilMD]

SA, Thank you for the comment. It's always appreciated. Glad it was helpful.

[@shaimamoh3831]

Thank you very much Dr. Neil. It was very helpful video to have the keywords and the main points as regards Lead, Length, Confounding, Recall, sampling, procedural, etc. bias.. Please upload more videos, your teaching skills are magnificent..

[@RandyNeilMD]

Shaima, Thank you for the comment... We will keep moving forward!!

[@naved705]

Lead-time bias screening and detecting malignant disease early and makes it look like the test increased the survival duration. Length time bias detecting more slow progressive cases as benign diseases have a longer duration of screening time and make it look like it increased survival duration compared to rapidly progressive with shorter duration of screening time.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you Sandeep!!

[@Darkquark-u5]

Doc you are the bestest!!!

[@RandyNeilMD]

glad it was helpful

[@guitarmatt1994]

Thanks for the great video! Could you do a video about confounding vs.Effect modification? Thanks for your help!

[@RandyNeilMD]

Mattie, Thank you for the comment... I'll see what I have that makes that easy to differentiate. I remember it's in my original notes... but let me look.

[@shahbazalikhawaja1587]

Unlike confounding, effect modification is a biological phenomenon in which the exposure has a different impact in different circumstances. Another good example is the effect of smoking on risk of lung cancer. Smoking and exposure to asbestos are both risk factors for lung cancer. Non-smokers exposed to asbestos have a 3-4 fold increased risk of lung cancer, and most studies suggest that smoking increases the risk of lung cancer about 20 times. However, shipyard workers who chronically inhaled asbestos fibers and also smoked had about a 64-fold increased risk of lung cancer. In other words, the effects of smoking and asbestos were not just additive - they were multiplicative. This suggests synergism or interaction, i.e., that the effect of smoking is somehow magnified in people who have also been exposed to asbestos. Multivariable methods can also be used to assess effect modification. Source: sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/BS/BS704_Multivariable/BS704_Multivariable4.html

[@sangayongmu2962]

So grateful to have found you.....

[@RandyNeilMD]

Sangay, Thank you comment... Wee can get through this process together... Glad it was helpful. Keep studying hard!!

[@agh6452]

You are very talented and with high IQ 👏👏 honestly the you have the statistic easy i am surprised 😲 wish you all the best and thank you so very much for the excellent videos 🙏🌺🌺💐

[@RandyNeilMD]

A GH, Thank you for the kind words. But I can assure you, I have nothing special other than many years of struggle and trying to find a better way to help the next guy in line. Appreciate your feedback.

[@danieldonascimentoaraujo3221]

Amazing, Professor! Thank you so much for your content!

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome Daniel.

[@AbubakarUmarMusa]

Thank you so much Doc it’s really great 👍

[@RandyNeilMD]

Abubakar, You are most welcome.

[@preethi7751]

Thank you Dr Neil!!! This is very helpful :)

[@RandyNeilMD]

Preethi, Glad it was helpful.

[@hadeelfaris2682]

Thank you so much . Very helpful videos

[@RandyNeilMD]

That's music to my ears.

[@Thugbert0]

What new content? Just in time for step 3. Thank you for your help over the years.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thugbert, Glad it was helpful... Crush the STEP3...

[@jamilahmad-ki7he]

thankyou so much... for ALL these videos .... :)

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome Jamil.

[@rv907]

Words are hard for you bro lol. Appreciate the repetition tho. Walking into step 3 now. Let’s get it

[@drmohammadmahmoud]

Thank you for this excellent presentation...keep it up sir

[@RandyNeilMD]

Mohammad, You are most welcome.

[@1DOLLARS1828]

THANKS SO MUCH DOC .

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome Abali

[@Peaceistheanswr]

Where was this video from my life!!! Thank god I googled this right before I fell asleep

[@RandyNeilMD]

Timing is always PERFECTION!!

[@geneveweil2938]

Dr Neil, you’re brilliant - you simply everything that we hate and make it so accessible. Your gentle manner and calm just add the magic to it all. To the plethora of thanks that are already stated here, I’d like to add mine and if there is a link to donate to your channel, I would gladly do so 🙏🏻

[@RandyNeilMD]

No need to donate. Let's have a drink someday after you get into residency

[@sarasohail9260]

YOU'RE THE BEST!

[@RandyNeilMD]

Thank you Sarah... My EGO just got a quick DOPAMINE hit...

[@sanayakumari7854]

Thankyou! It's very helpful :)

[@RandyNeilMD]

Glad it is helpful!!

[@jasminalbaghal1771]

could you please make a video on how to interpret ROC in studies?

[@Satkat_Ind3981]

Boss, if I come to USA for work ....... I would love to pay you a thanks visit 💐💐 You have been a rock-solid support in preparation for USMLE 🙏🏻🙏🏻

[@RandyNeilMD]

Sounds like a plan.

[@usmleislife3396]

Grt one... dr but I can’t see other videos .. u posted about defense and some behavior science... ?

[@RandyNeilMD]

I pulled the old Psych videos...remaking them... shorter, more concise. Original questions. I will post... just want to make sure its quality.

[@usmleislife3396]

Randy Neil, MD they were also very good. Can u upload those videos again. If it’s not a prblm... waiting for more...

[@MahnoorWaqas-u6e]

Love your videos! So helpful!!

[@binistha9732]

Thank you, so helpful video ...

[@RandyNeilMD]

Bini, You are most welcome.

[@ramseliriz]

Thank you thank you!

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are welcome.

[@tk567]

Amazing video. Can you do a video on available, anchoring bias? Thank you

[@ethar8109]

It helps a lot ..thank you 🌟💐

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are welcome

[@22mooni]

May I say for a thousand time !🌹🌹

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are most welcome... as always. Very kind of you...

[@mellowdoctor9029]

Thankyou sir!! But, they are including new biases like ascertainment . Survelliance ... please make a video on that too. Thankyou

[@RandyNeilMD]

Rohit... I will look into it... Off hand I'd have to research. I'm not that smart to know those off-hand...

[@tgmo5940]

Thank you Dr Randy Neil, for making videos on various topics, It's really helpful. So Sir, do you have such topics on you future videos list like Errors, more precisely Human errors in medicine relating to Execution failures (eg slips vs lapses) and Planning failures (eg Rule based mistakes vs Knowledge based mistakes) and topic on Cognitive bias like availibility heuristic or anchoring heuristic and others. It would be really awesome if you clarify these topics to us. Thank you!

[@RandyNeilMD]

TGMO, Thank you for the feedback. I taught one class on ETHICS way back... I'll need to see what material I used. From what I recall, it was a bit dry...but I will look.

[@Errolmoras]

Amazing video and very helpful, Thank you for taking the time out to do these Just had a doubt about Procedure bias. FA Step1 says- it has something to do with different procedures for different groups in this video you mention - its the pressure from the attending while filling out an eval they sound different to me

[@RandyNeilMD]

Errol, Sorry for such a delay... It may be a little time or another viewer can help quicker. It's hard for me to answer the specifics the further I get away from making videos... I loose details without re-watching.. I will relook...just need some time..

[@moism]

Thank you doctor

[@RandyNeilMD]

Mohammed, You are welcome. Thank you for the comment.

[@meadhikari]

A study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new drug, KM28. The study will compare X plus standard careversus standard care alonewith regard to decreasing the incidence of recurrent breast cancer. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will approve the new drug if X plus standard care decreases the rate of breast cancer recurrence by at least 40% compared to standard therapy alone. The recurrence rate on standard therapy is found to be 8%. In order for the FDA to approve X, what is the maximal incidence of recurrent disease acceptable for women treated with X plus standard therapy? 2.8% 3.2% 4.8% 5.2% 3.6% Can you help with this Dr Randy? thank you

[@rohnegi]

Go grateful!! thanks

[@Carsal6116]

I dont get about seleaction bias plz make video

[@medicine_ace]

Great Video...Kindly make a video on Survival Analysis....My Exam is in 4 weeks.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Talha, That might be a tough one... Not sure I have that material.

[@robinsingh9158]

Thank you, Dr Neil! How can we differentiate between sampling and selection bias? They always look kinda same to me.

[@martinogwuru614]

It is the same. Sampling=Selection

[@jigskhan381]

really helpful

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECT

[@alexzhang8921]

Hi, Dr. Neil! Thank you SO MUCH for all of these videos! One quick question though - are selection bias and sampling bias the same thing or are they different?

[@knowledgegiver795]

You should teach in kaplan videos.awesome work.

[@RandyNeilMD]

Ali, My goal is for you guys NOT to have to get in any further debt by having to pay for review courses when there should be enough of us out there to get through this exam process as a TEAM.

[@arsenaldream2156]

Hi Dr.Randy I was wondering with the question of (the new detector for brain tumor) the student were concerned that the new detector may affect the nature of progression of the tumor which is slowly progressive tumor . SO if they think the new dector may affect the progression wouldn't that be classify as Lead time Bias. I understand when slowly progressive is length time bias but would like more clarification upon my Question. THank you so much Dr. Randy best regard Sami

[@RandyNeilMD]

This may have been my error in word selection, by 'progression', I meant speed. My rule of thumb to differentiate between "LEAD TIME" and "LENGTH TIME" is EARLY & SLOWLY PROGRESSING respectively... Perhaps there may be an easier way. This is the only way that I know though... Thankyou for the feedback.

[@thehandlez]

isn't the 1st one supposed to be report bias?

[@riyaaggarwal7824]

thank you sir

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are welcome Riya...

[@anusreedas4947]

amazing

[@davidchca]

Very helpful thanx (:

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECT!!

[@aroobaramzanmalikkhan6105]

👍👍👍👍

[@RandyNeilMD]

👍🏻

[@manelben6836]

thank u

[@RandyNeilMD]

You are welcome.

[@АлсуРамазанова-в2х]

👍

[@RandyNeilMD]

Ancy, Glad it was helpful...

[@waadamier7442]

😍😍😍😍😍😍

[@meowmeowone8479]

I don't math. Biostat is math on roids. But I now have The Great Equalizer that is Randy, Son of Neil. And so all things are perfectly balanced, as they should be. Say, what are the odds of that, eh?

[@RandyNeilMD]

MMO, I'd say the odds SUCCESS are rising (OR 5.5, CI: 4.7-5.8, P-value: 0.0001) the more we ALL WORK together on this... Help next guy in line. Appreciate the comment...!!

[@meowmeowone8479]

@@RandyNeilMD YOU the man, Dr. Neil! Definitely appreciate all the awesomeness you share with us, more than words can ever express. Stay blessed and stay safe!

[@sanayakumari7854]

Thankyou! It's very helpful :)

[@RandyNeilMD]

PERFECT!!