The 4 things it takes to be an expert

Which experts have real expertise? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via brilliant.org/... get 20% off a yearly subscription.
Thanks to www.chess24.com/ and Chessable for the clip of Magnus.
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Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive psychology, 4(1), 55-81. - ve42.co/chess1
Calderwood, R., Klein, G. A., & Crandall, B. W. (1988). Time pressure, skill, and move quality in chess. The American Journal of Psychology, 481-493. - ve42.co/chess2
Hogarth, R. M., Lejarraga, T., & Soyer, E. (2015). The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 379-385. - ve42.co/Hogarth
Ægisdóttir, S., White, M. J., Spengler, P. M., Maugherman, A. S., Anderson, L. A., Cook, R. S., ... & Rush, J. D. (2006). The meta-analysis of clinical judgment project: Fifty-six years of accumulated research on clinical versus statistical prediction. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(3), 341-382. - ve42.co/anderson1
Ericsson, K. A. (2015). Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Academic Medicine, 90(11), 1471-1486. - ve42.co/anderson2
Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1. - ve42.co/goldberg1
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363. - ve42.co/anderson3
Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 149-158. - ve42.co/chunking1
Tetlock, P. E. (2017). Expert political judgment. In Expert Political Judgment. Princeton University Press. - ve42.co/Tetlock
Melton, R. S. (1952). A comparison of clinical and actuarial methods of prediction with an assessment of the relative accuracy of different clinicians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota.
Meehl, E. P. (1954). Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press. - ve42.co/Meehl1954
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. - ve42.co/Kahneman
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
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Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Animation by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound (ve42.co/music)
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

[@khabuda]

The pattern recognition became very clear to me when I learned Morse code. The human brain takes 50 milliseconds to process and understand a sound. People regularly send and receive Morse code at 30 words per minute, which puts the dit character and the gap between all characters at 40 milliseconds. So you literally have to process sounds faster than the brain can recognize them. Over time you start to hear whole words in the code rather than individual letters, but you still have to decode call signs character by character. You basically cache the sounds in your brain without processing them, and once the whole set of characters passes, your brain is able to turn it into an idea and add it to the stack of previous ideas while your ears are already caching the next set of characters.

[@NarutoMagicCyclops]

It's even more interesting when you start learning the patterns to how people drive. You can pretty much predict what someone is going to do just based on how they position the vehicle. And being a bus driver it's a good skill to have. It's surprising how many people share the exact same methods of cutting into traffic or in front of a 20t vehicle that could squish their pathetic trucks. It's great for avoiding accidents on and off work. Truck drivers though... They can be 50/50.

[@chrismcaulay7805]

This is the same as reading a word, rather than a letter... Its just using a different system (auditory, rather than visual). Our brains LOVE to group (or "chunk") things given the understanding and oppertunity.

[@skinovtheperineum1208]

I had a schizo co-worker one time who could pick snippets of dialog out of white radio noise.

[@khabuda]

@@skinovtheperineum1208 "Go into the light!"

[@hysteria8455]

@@khabuda where did u learn morse code i wanna give it a try..?

[@chess]

Wow, this was incredibly insightful!

[@prabhat_sharma]

XD You're here too?!

[@alfiethomson3349]

wow chess itself amazing

[@romerrosales-hasek1961]

do u know how magnus guessed the zapata vs anand game? it was literally 2 moves in and a petrov, which is a pretty common opening. i think im missing something lol

[@thyblackpanther]

They got a channel

[@vladpetre5674]

@@romerrosales-hasek1961 ​ There's no other memorable game in a Petroff. Similarly had the position started with a couple of moves in the Philidor, Magnus would have said Morphy's opera game. I know these even if I'm just 1500. But make no mistake, Maggie can recognize some very obscure GM games

[@ONAROccasionallyNeedsARestart]

I recently had a MASSIVE argument with my university because they repeatedly did not provide any feedback to essays or exams. Just a mark and that's it. I backed my perspective with a ton of academic works on education, that I doubt any of them ever read. I'm going to show them this video. Because university courses that don't provide feedback are virtually useless.

[@wouldyoureturntomonke2452]

Hopefully you got them feedbacks

[@stressedbyamountainofbooks]

Not to mention the occasional mistakes which in turn is an undetectable false feedback

[@maiyenish8552]

They will point to #2 or #4. You point to #3 They will point you to your instructor's office hours.

[@PeteQuad]

I'll play devil's advocate and say that a normal university course is not trying to make you an expert at a skill. Reading about a topic and then writing your thoughts down will give you a level of knowledge about it that allows you to begin to think critically about it. It is only a starting point to becoming an expert, if you want to take that path. No one expects someone coming out of college to be an expert in anything.

[@hunszaszist]

​@@PeteQuad quite a steep price for what's equivalent to watching a KZbin playlist or taking a Udemy course

[@boumbastik]

"An expert is a man who has made all the mistakes which can be made, in a narrow field." (Niels Bohr)

[@sypwer]

It is scary to hear that from an atom physicist

[@MyBiPolarBearMax]

Incredibly insightful quote

[@eryxviper]

This is a stupid quote 😂

[@JesusPlaysTheFlute]

@@eryxviper Well, you certainly aren't an expert at identifying the quality of quotes.

[@ogi22]

"Good judgement comes from experience and a lot of that comes from bad judgement" Arthur The Mechanic

[@AlienScientist]

04:56 1. Repeated Attempts with feedback 06:52 2. Valid Environment 11:23 3. Timely Feedback 13:46 4. Don't get too comfortable

[@TrainsandRockets]

I was looking for it...thanks

[@libertyprime7911]

It's funny how many times this comment is repeated. I'm becoming an expert.

[@darklight898]

@13:00 how does that formula work

[@menuhin]

16:32 To build up memories (as an expert), it requires 4 things: - Valid Environment - Many Repetitions - Timely Feedback - Deliberate Practice

[@kgill99]

Would it be easier to say -practice a lot -with timely feedback -where the feedback is valid -and also when you practice drill down into what you are doing

[@lucascarman2578]

Getting comfortable is the part that always kills me. I learn very quickly but once I get something down fairly well, I stop challenging myself and just rest on that success.

[@charlesparr1611]

I think thats actually a positive, i would think that in almost any situation, having a good command of many skills and subjects, and being able to move on to the next thing fairly often would have much greater utility. First, because in most things experts are not that much more useful than the merely competent. If you spend ten times the resources and time to become twice as good, then that only matters much in fairly specific tasks. secondly, what happens if your area of expertise either beomes irrelevant or you are unable to use that expertise for some other reason? Imagine being the star running back through high school and college, certain to be drafted. Since the age of 8 that guy has devoted unbeleivable time and effort, got a scholarship that was of necessity a basketweaving degree (not all but most football players do not get useful degrees or even finish them) and so lost that opportunity for education, and suffers a career ending injury in the second last game of a college season. All that expert knowledge all that training just became useless, at best they might have some crossover skills, and depending on the expertise there might be few of those. Perhaps your own 'weakness'n is a strength?

[@ynemey1243]

Comfort level doesn't matter at all. Deliberate practice does.

[@daniss8828]

@@ynemey1243 l

[@abrartanim6740]

this is literally me

[@schechter01]

A lot of us have that problem.

[@IndrajitRajtilak]

The four things are 1. Valid environment (chess is valid, roulette is random) 2. Many repetitions (predicting election results is hard as they are rare events with low repetitions vs. tennis shots) 3. Timely feedback (anesthesiologist gets instant feedback vs. radiologist gets delayed feedback) 4. Deliberate practice (practice at the edge of your comfort zone, identify weakness and work on it)

[@KenDM]

Thanks mate. Watched this vid a while ago, didn't take notes. Thanks to your comment I recalled everything again without the need to spend 20 mins again.

[@legendaperfeitadotrap]

THE THUTH

[@savageantelope3306]

Seem obvious when you break them fown

[@DailyyQuotes666]

Thanks mate

[@kirbt0352]

@@userh6699 it's in the description

[@HersonJVillatoro]

Typing and sales are two places I relate to with the pattern recognition. When I first learned to type a certain way, I just kept my fingers on the same letters and would think my way through typing the next letter. I’ve noticed over the years that I’ve been typing this way that there’s many words that I type nearly instantaneously. 6 letter words that I type instantly, or 10 letter words that I type in two groups, the first 5, then the next 5 letters. Similar to sales, at first it was chaos for me interacting with many people of many ages and many cultures and many backgrounds, but all in the same industry. Over a number of cold calls I noticed categories of people, some people answer the phone really fast, some people answer the phone very monotone, some are very positive, some are very casual, some very professional. And I started to notice that if I respond to those categories in certain ways, it helps me get closer to converting the person into a client. I noticed categories of objections and categories of roles that influence the client. I don’t think of it so much as becoming an expert as sales, I think of it more as I’m playing a puzzle game book when I’m making sales calls. Every person is like a sudoku puzzle that I’m trying to fill up, the more puzzles I do (people I talk to), the more patterns I notice and the better I become at noticing those patterns and closing those patterns when I encounter them

[@elixorvideos]

Which is why sales people are so dangerous. Manipulation. Facade. The mask of sincerity.

[@itoibo4208]

That is awesome. Can you give us a few examples of the signs you have seen and what you realized about the person and how you dealt with them?

[@BestVersion-lz2oi]

That’s an interesting perspective! Could you provide a few examples of the signals you've picked up on during calls? I’d like to know what you noticed about the person and how you tailored your response to handle those situations effectively.

[@glopes956]

This is really good advice actually

[@snaifhassnan6348]

87

[@alisancakl7948]

4:03 - Definition of the expertise 5:00 - Repeated attemps with feedback 6:46 - Valid environment 11:21 - Timely feedback 13:50 - Don't get too comfortable

[@HandGrenadeDivision]

at which point is the definition of expert given?

[@0000song0000]

Nice. That explains why people get easily into the habit of videogaming, which has all of these. Ergo, we need more educational games! 🤗

[@halzion]

@@0000song0000 honestly never even realised that! no wonder games are so addictive. it's like doing a hobby but since it's been specifially designed to do each of these things (cus of how they work) it gives way more dopamine than a less consistent "regular" hobby!

[@idek50]

nice

[@hakim5939]

@@0000song0000 Also it's because of rewards, every time you get a kill/point/score you get dopamine.

[@SwapravaNath]

"we should be wary of experts who don't have repeated experience with feedback" perfectly nailed it.

[@darklight898]

@13:00 how does that formula work

[@trspanda2157]

Jesus loves us all that's why he died for our sins

[@XKnightLightX]

there are ways to make up for experience but this is a conversation that you're not prepared for. Also people can speak from experience and also receive second hand experience. There are requirements to being able to make up for lack of real experience.

[@sunbleachedangel]

@@XKnightLightX that's what a non expert would say

[@XKnightLightX]

@@sunbleachedangel thats just my elevator pitch. Your comment isnt valid until you examine my entire idea so

[@samehismail8217]

5:00 repeated attempts with feedback 6:47 valid environment 11:23 timely feedback 13:50 don't get too comfortable

[@CrazyGaming-ig6qq]

0:00 beginning 8:59 middle 17:58 end

[@andresquijanouc6195]

0:28 random number generated 4:30 random number generated 7:24 random number generated 12:56 random number generated

[@nadeembajwa8530]

😂😂😂

[@RaisedBySheeps]

you're a baller, king. added 18 minutes to my life from this summary. maybe you are actually a god and not a man. i already have a father but you can be my daddy

[@Kaiwizz]

Thanks, I have seen this video a couple of times, but sometimes I just forget his exact wording. You just spared me the hassle of scrubbing through the video for a refresher.

[@razvanuscatu8137]

" To become an expert, you need to practice for thousands of hours in the uncomfortable zone, attempting the things you can't do quite yet ". This is powerful. It encapsulates the main ideas so beautifully. I am grateful for finding this video and thank you for sharing it with us.

[@TartempionLampion]

Personally I became an expert in my field by turning down jobs for which I was not 50% incompetent, or by leaving them once my level of expertise became too high... Being in my comfort zone was too boring, didn't teach me anything and didn't allow me to bring a fresh perspective to the projects that hired me.

[@chillnagasden6190]

Also not possible. Too much time or money. Or done "live" at work, you *will* be punished for veering off course or "failing". Life experience. Sucks.

[@eryxviper]

This quote is much better than many others

[@falleithani5411]

@@chillnagasden6190 It's possible, but requires systemic reform. That is one of many reasons why systemic reform is extremely important.

[@VideosViraisVirais-dc7nx]

I need to learn in order to get a job. But it seems impossible 😅😢

[@justanotherhotguy]

The Four Things are: 4:55 1. Repeated attempts with feedback 6:48 2. Valid Environment 11:22 3. Timely Feedback 13:52 4. Don’t get too comfortable

[@HDTomo]

This be it. 2x speed viewer come in clutch 10 mins after uplaod

[@susbaca]

why

[@maruftim]

@@HDTomo i suppose they are an expert at this

[@HDTomo]

@@maruftim go at 2x the speed to learn 2x faster 😎😎😎

[@imveryangryitsnotbutter]

@@HDTomo Seems legit

[@MatheusLB2009]

13:25 "I was rejected twice, so it's conforting to know they aren't great predictors of future success" *low-key flexing chad*

[@lawrencechan2693]

4:54 - many repeated attempts with feedback 6:46 - a valid (predictable) environment 11:20 - timely feedback 13:50 - don't get too comfortable

[@bossgd100]

thank you

[@LucasDimoveo]

thank you

[@MrSalamandave]

Thanks, I was taking notes, but somehow overlooked point 3. @ironmanmason do you have other ideas, or a video recommendation with better advice?

[@joelgeorge8192]

Isn't point 4 deliberate practice?

[@AVATARW0]

bless your soul

[@pkersoul]

the hardest thing is deciding WHAT to be an expert at ...

[@prakashdhungana1498]

Exactly!

[@harshitjotwani1864]

How about Web Development, UX designing, Copywriting, Content Creation, etc...

[@erik4177]

You pick something you enjoy doing. Next to impossible otherwise is my guess

[@aresetramadiraizel8810]

Woah that's some confidence right there. Lives wither away mastering one subject, we have numerous at our fingertips.

[@ThePancakeJedi]

@@harshitjotwani1864Yes. This is the correct answer.

[@faus585]

FOUR THINGS YOU NEED TO BECOME AN EXPERT 1. valid environment (structured, patterned) 2. many repetitions (not once-in-a-lifetime thing) 3. timely feedback (feedback as soon as you perform an action) 4. deliberate practice (practice outside of your comfort zone, at the edge of our ability, the zone of proximal learning)

[@randomuser5237]

Writing out in bullet points and memorizing it will not make you an expert any more than watching the video. Unless you do these yourself there's no point.

[@Mephistofred]

Valid Feedback Many Environment Timely Practice Deliberate Repetition

[@uhhwhateverdude9463]

@Repent and believe in Jesus Christ Your comment is irrelevant to the video. Move along bot spammer!

[@dcptiv]

All the commenters are forgetting the single most important one... you have to enjoy what it is you're doing. If you don't then you will never have the drive to reach expert.

[@sapnupua5]

thank you, i was near the end of the video thinking "wait what were the four?"

[@AWildRaito]

I like how people are saying how well the video was made or how great the video is when this was dropped LITERAL SECONDS AGO.

[@axbs4863]

LMAO IKR

[@MrUssy101]

Why does this guy thinks we need to be expert in everything you ain’t no better than me, I am happy being averrage !!!!

[@ooooof9517]

@@MrUssy101 maybe he just want to share things that he’s learned and thinks is valuable or important or maybe just interesting..

[@paulking5199]

Clearly people can watch stuff faster than me lol

[@IvanTube0]

its bots

[@AlanKey86]

This is a very timely video for the start of a new college term in September - I'll definitely be showing this to my new students!

[@vaisakh_km]

and as a student... i learned a big lesson, as why i am not improving in the areas i already know somewhat ok, but improving in topics i don't know

[@RT-ol4hh]

College. Hah. You mean indoctrination centers. They used to be institutions of enlightenment. No longer. They’ve been usurped by left wing intolerant extremists.

[@giveussomevodka]

Equally timely for a midlife crisis programmer, stuck doing the same stuff for nearly a decade.

[@ultradimensions]

Go for it

[@OfficiallySnek]

Please don't remind me that summer break is almost over

[@BlowoutSoonStalker]

The section on "Deliberate Practice" is the difference between practicing within a domain for 10,000 hours and doing the same hour 10,000 times. I was really happy to see this acknowledged in the video because I feel like this is understated often when people discuss what it takes to gain a high degree of competence in a specific field.

[@dominicveconi4301]

Mathematician here. I did a lot of teaching when I was in grad school, and this video really hits all the nails on all the heads. Only in my last year did I figure out a concrete mantra to tell my students, encouraging them to not get discouraged by challenging problems because you only improve a skill by pushing yourself beyond what's comfortable. (The words I used were "engaging with uncertainty" rather than "deliberate practice", but they amounted to the same thing.)

[@johnno4127]

I taught a little math myself and had started to realize "there is no learning without failure" but I didn't get to implement that as a positive strategy before I left the profession.

[@trumanhw]

@@johnno4127 Nor adequate short term memory adequate for the task ... and, the desire for them to actually understand (if it was to be useful / deep knowledge).

[@kongolandwalker]

Also "We learn from mistakes" is a helpful phrase. If we never make mistakes - we learned the theme, and to become better we have to solve problems which are "on the edge" of our knowledge, where we can still make mistakes.

[@jeannewillemse6433]

I have so much respect for teachers who legitimately care about the success of their students as that's rare nowadays I find. I had a lady math teacher who was always running around with sweat on her brow preparing practice papers for us before exams and stuff. My grades went from 60% range to 80% range under her and even got 93 for one of the big exams which was higher than the "nerd" of the class who was going for a scholarship.

[@jackhartmann1084]

Studied physics in college. Those professors that emphasize difficulty (or simply make it hard) Iearn the most from. In classical mechanics I got 35% on my second quiz and 100% on my third. Getting spanked (metaphorically) sure helped me learn.

[@amanthikaanbalagan8844]

1.Repeated attempts with feedback - "4:47" 2.Valid Environment - "6:57" 3.Timely feedback - "11:21" 4.Don't get too comfortable - "13:53" Along with the 10,000 hours 😄

[@mannnygz]

the 10000 isn't necessary, i think thats just the amount of time it seems to take most people to gain a solid understanding of those 4 principles within their field, whether they realize it or not.

[@electrofx657]

@@mannnygz exactly if these people who succeeds in these 4 things with less time than 10,000 they are called a prodigy or genius

[@kshitizsrivastava9429]

Thanks man 4th point is very important because whenever I do maths Problem I only do same or simple problems which makes it harder to solve difficult questions. Let's see how much can I improve by doing these steps 😁😁😁

[@hassanh7926]

@@electrofx657 It might be better to acknowledge that genius is not simply "one who succeeds in attaining these 4 rules early or in less time". There is much more to being a prodigy or genius (whatever we people mean by these terms). For example, apart from these, a person considered among the best in his field has great attitude, passion, creativity, wonder and, arguably the most important of all, persistence.

[@electrofx657]

@@hassanh7926 hmm

[@Eleven2410]

It would be interesting to have a deep dive video on deliberate practice - what constitutes it, how to engage in it proactively, etc.

[@lucapontiggia3123]

There is a ted talk on this - search the first 20 hours ted talk. Enjoy :)

[@JohnSmith-dr5zn]

commenting on this so it's higher in the comments and derek sees it

[@3DPrinterAcademy]

I second this!

[@vectoralphaSec]

would love a video about that too.

[@SuperBrassBender]

great idea

[@CSSLN]

The last part hit so hard for me, my grandpa is a very good musician, and he didn’t study music but his brother offered him a job as a pianist when he only knew the basics but he needed to provide for a family of 5 children so he took the job he played piano and organ every day for many for many hours, he told me that he didn’t like playing the piano but the few times I have heard him he plays extremely good and knows about a ton of stuff that not even my mother knew about, like when he was in my home studio he started patching my synth and started jamming and my mom was like you know how to used that? And he was like: yeah, and I hate it! I’m not sure what made him hate music that much he eventually bought a building and started renting apartments and sold all his instruments, but still getting out of his comfort zone made him a great musician

[@biggSHNDO]

I reckon if he had to do it to support his family, he felt he was being forced to do it for money and that sucked the joy out. Thanks for telling the story though I enjoyed it

[@CSSLN]

@@biggSHNDO yeah, I think that art might be fun only when you do it because you liked it in the first place, but well I don't judge him he'll have his reasons, however it would be cool that he liked to play piano, it could be a good hobby for him now that he doesn't have anything to do hehe, still glad you enjoy his story

[@shadowyyCFH]

@@CSSLN i think that anything you love you will hate if you're doing it with the goal of making money out of it first

[@bite-sizedshorts9635]

I had a cousin who was a plumber and an outstanding pianist. He was offered a recording contract by RCA. He turned it down because it would take the fun out of playing piano. He was also making much more as a plumber, as RCA already had excellent pianists. They had Floyd Cramer, and for a while, they had another cousin of mine, Henry Slaughter, who played on some of Elvis's records in the late 60s.

[@qwerty_and_azerty]

As a graduate student, this hits home pretty hard. We spend countless hours on a project, only to get feedback once when a final paper is submitted for peer review. The feedback is neither timely nor frequent. And yet, you get to claim to be an expert in your field by the time your graduate.

[@user-yy3ki9rl6i]

this is why most companies steers away from degree based hiring. they know that a degree won't prove that you smart. project and experience based hiring is getting more and more common because you can assess the skill level and the ability to learn based on the project complexity, error/mistake rates and time spent working. Don't be discouraged my friend, its simply how the system works - its not perfect, so you shouldn't base your entire value on it. Good luck on your journey!

[@randomuser5237]

@@user-yy3ki9rl6i I think the video made it pretty clear that most hiring "experts" in companies are anything but "experts", so that makes your point moot. And many companies still very much rely on degrees at least to screen out the number of possible candidates.

[@fraktaalimuoto]

But you can get active feedback from your collaborators and supervisor? As a PhD student and beyond I have always tried to ask feedback from my collaborators and peers who I can trust. No need to wait for a referee to respond.

[@cecesoclean4591]

lmao what are you talking about “companies steering away from degree based hiring”?? nah man they really aren’t

[@EarthWingedDragon]

@@randomuser5237 Well, considering The United States of America is full of fake university offering fake degree, I don't think it applies there.

[@dainbramage9508]

Something else that goes along with the route to becoming an expert are the 4 stages of learning. 1. Unconscious Incompetence, you're bad but aren't aware of exactly how bad you are because you know very little of the skill or subject you're practicing. 2. Conscious Incompetence, you have a better grasp on the subject knowledge and its depths after putting in a good amount of time and practice but you're not quite good at it yet. 3. Conscious Competence, you've put in enough time and effort with enough feedback that you're now good at what you're doing but it's a conscious effort and you'll screw up if you aren't concentrating enough. 4. Unconscious Competence, you've practiced long enough and put in so much time and effort that you can perform the skill or talk about the subject as easy as walking, you may dip into Conscious Competence if you encounter an infrequent occurrence in your skill or subject but you've got what it takes to get through it 👍

[@d1ab]

never thought a combination of two words could convey such an important concept, thanks!

[@NishantSharma-tr6xl]

No.3 is what currently i am experiencing in day trading

[@kb.e3762]

Unconscious Competence can be a weakness too unless you are working in a factory line

[@Shankar-Bhaskar]

@@NishantSharma-tr6xl Yeah right!!

[@Carolynnhardwicke]

@@kb.e3762 it makes for a lousy teacher. I try to identify areas in which I am unconsciously competent so I can break down my understanding

[@Jeyekomon]

"Don't get too comfortable." That was actually incredibly eye-opening for me. Thank you!

[@sebastianjost]

There are few things in life that are certain. Many things can change over time. So it is important to keep challenging what you think you know and check that it is still valid.

[@fuckdefucker]

You should check the "Yes Theory" channel where everything is about seeking discomfort :)

[@mzdanziger]

One of the BEST videos I've ever watched on your channel. Extremely eye opening. Stuff that you feel and you know but you don't know how to prove or explain them

[@quantumblurrr]

In the spirit of this video, being articulate and being able to parse ideas in your head is also a skill that improves with practice. Try and practice putting your thoughts into words you could tell someone else

[@mage3690]

"Don't get comfortable" is a lesson I'd like to drive home by this statistic: some 70-90% of accidental finger amputations happen at 2 ages, 16 and 60. All the time in between those ages is marked by remarkably safe individuals who go their entire career without a single incident. Before and after those ages is when nearly every finger is removed via _any_ means. Below 16, the reasons are typically doors, mowers, and knives. After 60, the reasons are power tools, typically the sort of hand tool an individual would've used for his entire career, probably without incident. Personally, my finger was removed at 16, following an exceptionally poor night of sleep, followed by a very late arrival at work, where I needed to do about 2 days' worth of catch up work, with a poorly maintained chopsaw (miter saw), in an environment with a poor (but improving) attitude towards safety. That chopsaw removed my finger about 2 hours after starting work, and I became part of that aforementioned statistic.

[@DROGOC0P]

very interesting statistic. thanks for sharing your story

[@cynthiabauer5763]

thanks for sharing your story. Sorry you lost your finger, I hope one day Jesus resurrects you with a brand new finger again!

[@Michael-mn4ef]

I'll sure as hell bet the attitude towards safety was improving after that lmao

[@mage3690]

@@Michael-mn4ef yeah, even if it did take a while. I was actually fired from a later job for my laissez-faire attitude towards safety, but I'm much better about it now, thank goodness.

[@ShalomSimplified]

Fascinating statistic. My uncle was an outlier. He is a carpenter by trade, but was careless with one of his saws. (A table saw, I think?) It was so fast, he didn't even feel his finger come off at first. I'm not sure how old he was, but he was well under 60, probably in his 20s or 30s.

[@SkullCollectorD5]

This was incredibly timely and it expounded on a principle I learned only recently. When you practise something and get frustrated, as we all do, that is **not** the time to pause. That chord you can't quite play, the card trick you can't quite nail - keep at it for five more minutes and tell yourself this deliberately. I think this is also what the fourth point in the video is about, because in those 'five more minutes', you are at the bleeding edge of your skill and that is precisely when you grow.

[@tinchozz4750]

this would make sense if you wanted to stop because you were tired or your hands hurt, but doing something frustrated leads us to be stubborn and use patterns we already know, so you don't really learn. it has happened a lot to me, you try to do something and get frustrated bc you can't do it, just to do it super easily the next day while having fresh mind

[@SkullCollectorD5]

@@tinchozz4750 I believe the key word is 'deliberate'. When you get frustrated, recognise it. To recognise a feeling is to disrupt its dysfunctional effects on cognition enough to deal with it deliberately. This is an aspect from the ABC model of cognitive behavioural therapy. There is no feeling without a preceding thought. If I'm transferring what I've learned from this video, the above and the principle I mentioned correctly, it may be that the feeling of frustration is the result of resistance before new neural connections form. I've personally had great success with the method, as long as I don't overdo those five minutes into more and more attempts. ETA: "I'm getting frustrated. I realise this is because I'm at the edge of my skill. I will take a breath and continue for five minutes to hone that edge." - could be a chain of thoughts I may have in the process. The exact words are different for everybody, the key is to think and not just feel.

[@pugdad2555]

​@@SkullCollectorD5 It is all relative tho. Just like you stated "You stop and take a breath" but how long is that breath and how much do you breath? You can say that you stopping to take a breath for 1 min and then going back is relative to someone taking a breath for the rest of the day and then getting back at it the next day. It is all relative and once we box ourselves in by saying "this is the only way" then we have a problem.

[@3nertia]

@@SkullCollectorD5 It's also a good time to reassess technique as you're not *abandoning* the practice but you get a chance to slow down and think more clearly - I've had good experiences using the technique you mentioned in conjunction with my own!

[@battles151]

As with everything in life, mind, body, and soul. Flashcards, weights, and prayer

[@fundemort]

1. Valid Environment 2. Many Repetitions 3. Timely Feedback 4. Deliberate Practice

[@majermike]

so true! loved this video

[@robykills]

Thanks saved me watching the vid

[@gnarly3000]

@@robykills Thank you.

[@gtbaba123]

Ty

[@deepseadarew6012]

Timestamps would help here =]

[@MrSongib]

you forgot no 5. Passion. You forgot, when meet an Expert and said to them "You are good" and they said "I'm still learning", That's a big plus for them if they are honest.

[@krf7784]

Become an expert: 1. Repeated Attempts with Feedback 2. Valid Environment 3. Timely Feedback 4. Don't Get Too Comfortable Build Long term memory: 1. Valid Environment 2. Many Repetitions 3. Timely Feedback 4. Deliberate Practice

[@IDMYM8]

What do you mean to say?

[@SyahmiLaggger]

Its interesting that 1,2 and 4 are just the same thing. Deliberate challenging practice with timely feedback. And then less probabilistic environment.

[@benravenhill484]

cool bro

[@kirillstp]

An expert is someone physically unable to say "I don't know"

[@nittani.]

Ive been doin this with the piano

[@RealCheesyBread]

In my freshman year of highschool, my math teacher gave us a challenge where the student who could remember the most digits of PI on PI-day (March 14th) would get a few points added to their lowest test score. This gave us like 4 days or something to try to remember. I won with 100 digits. Nobody else really cared that much so the most anyone else got was like 10 digits. Yes I am as much of a loser now as I was back then.

[@SergioCruz7811]

not a loser

[@dewiz9596]

Pi day only occurs in the US

[@gslidevideotester8592]

>I won with 100 digits. Nobody else really cared that much so the most anyone else got was like 10 digits. >Yes I am as much of a loser now as I was back then. so you are an overwhelming winner now then?

[@alansteyrbach6926]

@@gslidevideotester8592 saying that he is loser, he points out his desperation in a typically occuring pathetic situation. He was so desperate to get at least some points that he put overwhelming amount of effort to get insignificant improvement. It is like selling a car for $20, bc he missed a chance to sell it for $20k, and now he tries to get at least something but zero.

[@baruk9706]

As long as you’re having fun and happy

[@kangzhu1640]

Great content and thought provoking. I'm a radiologist with almost 20 years of experience in breast imaging. I'd like to indicate that our task in breast cancer diagnosis is not to actually determine if a finding is malignant or not. Rather, to look for features that are concerning for cancer, In which case we would do a biopsy. As we try to err on the side of caution, the usaual statistic quoted is that 70% of the biopsies are actually cancers. Therefore, this apparent "low" rate of accuracy is not a reflection of poor performance, nor is it related to a lack of feedback. In actuality each case we biopsy is followed by an accurate pathology report within days. Radiologists are involved in multidisciplenary rounds with our clinical colleagues and we also have internal quality assurance measures to ensure a high level of competence.

[@NicolaiCzempin]

My guess is that the original findings about performance of recent graduates vs long-time practitioners were over-simplified, much like the "10,000 hours rule" was.

[@chinemeremohaeri9100]

Tom Nicholas actually got on Veritasium back for misinformation used only to further his narrative. I was expecting something like this, so I'm not really shocked.

[@JK7H]

He wasn't referring to poor performance or lack of feedback, but how fast the feedback is received.

[@BluefanNL]

So you're saying that where a computer would generate accurate result but have false positives and false negatives you err on the side of caution which results in more false positives but less false negatives as false positives are much less impactful? (superfluous biopsy vs missed cancer). Would interesting to have radiologist give their best estimate without being on the cautios side, but I don't know if the study tried this or even if that would work.

[@coin5207]

@@NicolaiCzempin but it makes sense in the context he provided which was diagnosing rare illnesses. For young graduates the many edge cases they learned in university are still relatively fresh in their minds

[@JoshuaWatson-n6j]

I rarely comment on KZbin videos, but this might just be one of the best I've ever seen. I would say that it affirms your status as an expert communicator. So well done, thank you for sharing your insight

[@Darches]

I've seen this in competitive games too. If player 1 plays for 100 hours and player 2 plays for 50 hours then watches replays of all his games to find mistakes, player 2 will be stronger. Deliberate practice is often the missing piece. It's the difference between playing for fun and playing to win.

[@generalharness8266]

I personally find if I am not winning its not fun but at the same if its to easy and there is no challenge its also not fun.

[@clairruckman7674]

First, person uses brute forced trial and error as the later uses a more intelligent learning approach, but imo they'll end up in the same place. I'm top 1% Mass Effect 3, Dead by Daylight Iridescent 2, and back when I was young people would stop when I was at the arcade to watch me play, which I hated! Marvel Vs Capcom one quarter finish the entire game type good. Mortal Kombat not as good with as Marvel vs Capcom, but still could easily beat the game and nearly every person I'd ever played against. Only person who occasionally gave me a run for my money my cousin. All other family members and friends refused to play me:/ Now I'm old and wrists prevent me from being any good:/ My son in his prime gaming and even I've knock him and his friends socks off still to this day. Hard carry them even in games I don't even play. For Honor when it came out my son watched my very first time. He gave me a very quick how to. Perfect round, because frankly most video games all play pretty much the same. I.E. Go from COD to Battlefield to Overwatch and you should at least be mid leader board first few rounds.

[@josephguzman4737]

Just like being a musician or a weekend warrior

[@UmCaraNormalnumPlanetanormal]

I feel like taking a step back and really taking a look at what you're doing is a very understated yet extremely important part of improving Its so easy to get into the mindset of "Oh if i just do it more ill get better" but it doesnt always work like that, sometimes taking a step back and seeing exactly where it is that you're making mistakes can speed up the improvement process by leaps and bounds

[@BigBootyBatman]

@@clairruckman7674 ah yes, another specimen of the "God Gamer" breed. We get rarer and rarer these days...

[@DrTrefor]

As a mathematician, these four factors definitely resonated with me and I think math is field that really encourages that deliberate practice. Great video!

[@12345swordmaster]

I'm a University undergrad in STEM, math is definitely a deliberate practice to learn it well, I found out the hard way that just memorizing patterns and formulas wasn't good enough. I always wondered how TA and professors got so good at math they were able to teach others, some of the TA tutors (Grad students that tutor undergrads) actually forgot some of the formulas for calculus (there are so many lol) but as soon as we would refresh them on the formula they were able to instantly crack on, and finished the examples effortlessly. Memorization of formulas is only a very small percentage of high performance in mathematics, its all about repetition, and putting yourself against hard problems that take an uncomfortable amount of thinking and time to solve.

[@minemasterSAM]

Math is my favorite subject (along with physics). If you one day revisit this comment, would you share with us what it’s like to work in your field and some tips on getting there?

[@itzakehrenberg3449]

Dr. B, As a fellow mathematician I have to say that I love your channel!

[@ananthd4797]

@@12345swordmaster It's actually kind of like chess. Imagine old math problems to be previous chess games. Everyone knows the rules, but experienced players can see a lot more patterns and tendencies when they encounter a problem.

[@12345swordmaster]

@@ananthd4797 yes but you have to practice

[@Krimo42]

I find it fascinating how everything in this video is very closely connected to how reinforcement learning and machine learning algorithms work. A model of the environment within which an agent can perform actions, learning the optimal policy with value/policy iteration, an immediate reward after taking an action, and exploration vs exploitation. Amazing!

[@ampac]

The strategies used in RL and other ML approaches are mostly derived from mathematical frameworks, such as stochastic control methods, which are designed to tackle optimisation problems. These frameworks have been around at least since the 1950s. The studies from cognitive psychology we have today on how our brain tackles similar problems are not as revolutionary as they sound despite all the fancy new terminology.

[@masonp5]

@@ampac Check out neuromorphic computing, it uses ideas verrrry similar to the ones in this video

[@YSFmemories]

AI neural networks are literally modelled after human ones, no? Shouldn't be surprising

[@kyleharwell5299]

That is a great observation, and not an accident! One of Ericsson's mentors was Herbert Simon, one of the earliest scientists to seriously study artificial intelligence. It was their work on decision making, and later expert memory, that inspired the deliberate practice and expert performance research.

[@cagedgandalf3472]

I mean that *is* the goal of RL, mimicking human learning.

[@stayqurious]

What I learned through this video : 1. Valid Environment 2. Repetitive Action(with feedback) 3. Timely Feedback 4. Deliberate Practice But it also requires things most important of them all "Patience" and "Perseverance".

[@jessicatatum7769]

100% this is how I was trained to be a ballet dancer and I didn't even recognize it. We do the same movements in slightly varying patterns every single day in a structured class, and for actual repertoire we repeat the EXACT same movements over and over, with a teacher or coach telling you what to improve after each attempt. As you get stronger, you do more and more challenging combinations of movement with increased complexity and strength requirements, and you spend more time reviewing and conditioning on your own time. Eventually you get really good at learning and doing choreography in certain styles/from certain choreographers because you start to recognize the patterns of movement they tend to employ.

[@Dave.Mustaine.Is.Genius]

@xio kousa are ye a ballet teacher? If so, can I ask ye sth: are the moves and choreographies of men and women the same in ballet? We do have playlists of dance lessons in the channel of Maria Khreva and North Pacific Ballet channel, but I dunno if I should learn and apply those as a male? Because what I see is there are women learning there.... Thanx .... Best.. .

[@thenamelessdragonfish]

Same for learning piano.

[@little1133]

@@Dave.Mustaine.Is.Genius I would say if you’re trying to learn ballet, get lessons at a studio.

[@little1133]

@@Dave.Mustaine.Is.Genius take that with a grain of salt though, because I’m far from a teacher, it’s only my second year on pointe.

[@whatabouttheearth]

Same with guitar, you start with basic chords and scales and than over time overlap them with slightly more complicated things. Think about how all the universe began with Hydrogen, and that formed Helium and on and on to more extreme complexity (sort of). Or how we learned a language when we were infants, one of the most complex things alot of people ever learn and they learned it as an infant. The entire complexity of the universe is small basic things stack upon other small basic things to gain what in evolutionary biology is called 'emergent properties', new functions that can only be gained through the development of a system of multiple individual components that were not capable of those functions with the individual components alone.

[@kindredtoast3439]

That was one of the best intros I've ever seen in a video. It took 5 minutes to get to the point of the video, but the 5 minutes were so interesting that I didn't even realize they'd passed at all. And they set the rest of the video up so well. Excellent job.

[@Robert-iu2ou]

This comment resonated when i realized i was already 12 minutes into the video

[@BB-zq6hy]

Yeah veratasium is an expert at creating entertaining information... by using the very things discussed in this video most likely! Haha! His short part about youtube's feedback has probably helped him realize the patterns of a video people stay engaged with

[@GamesForNoobs]

Most of his vids are like that

[@maxleveladventures]

#4: Don't be comfortable. This instantly reminded me of H Day in Sweden, the day when everyone switched driving from the left to the right side of the roadways. Many people were certain that it would cause untold deaths and many more accidents. In fact, for many years afterward, accident rates plummeted. The assumption is that people were suddenly paying much closer attention to how they drive. Having driven on the opposite side of the road in another country, I'm sure that it also made driving fairly stressful, but that seems like a fair price to pay for fewer injuries and deaths caused by lazy, comfortable driving habits. #4 is a great, general lesson. The whole event is rather fascinating. If you're curious to learn more about it, there's a great, short episode by the podcast "99% Invisible" that's worth checking out. It's episode 215, titled "H-Day."

[@theicethief4804]

Don't be too comfortable. It is important that you sacrifice some of your comfortably to advance in New subjects or the tasks you are doing, if you are always uncomfortable with what you are doing you are either going to leave the hobby or find it too hard to continue. It is wise if you make yourself comfortable after working hard but never get too lazy

[@howiestillgamez5326]

they should switch sides of the road once a year!

[@JoaoPedroPT696]

One Englishman once said when he was the driving in my country (which is right-hand traffic) that the more complicated stuff were the roundabouts, but that you "just go with the flow". I remember that story in Sweden.

[@0topon]

Only for the next 2 years was the accident rate below the levels before the change

[@hydra5758]

@@howiestillgamez5326 No no no, it has to be once every 10 years so everyone stays on their toes and keep having to relearn both.

[@cacaktuaaa5695]

The 4 things it takes to be an expert: - knowledge - memory - seeing patterns - recognition - intuition CHUNKING 5:00 repeated attempts with feedback 6:47 valid environment, that contains regularities - prediction - not random 11:23 timely feedback - dopamine - the sooner the better, 13:50 don't get too comfortable - Deliberate practice (practice at the edge of your comfort zone, identify weakness and work on it)

[@frederf3227]

Famous quote: "To the beginner there are many possibilities. To the master there are few." Mastery cuts out the ways of doing things that aren't as good. This sharpens their ability but also ossifies their mind against new ideas. Re: the chess board replication. Practical or random the beginner was doing the same task, but the master's ability to use familiar patterns to compress information suffered in the random layout. The new guy on the shop thinks there are many ways to improve the business, even though those ideas are mostly wrong. The boss thinks there are no other ways and is almost certainly wrong. As for practice, it helps to "push yourself" but not burn yourself out. If the math problem or guitar lick is too hard you don't take anything from it. Your abilities are a rubber envelope. You want to stretch it with tension but not tear it with force. Drummers for example play a rhythm slowly for 100% accuracy and then ramp up the tempo until they start to come unglued and then relax the tempo again before too many errors happen. The most amazing and intimidating thing about expertise is not that people do things you could never do but realizing that they are things you might be able to given the input and that they themselves were like you are now when they started.

[@lepsycho3691]

Who said that?

[@himan12345678]

@@lepsycho3691 they should say proverb/saying, and not quote. That's like calling the proverb, "Jack of all trades; master of none...better than a master of one" a famous quote.

[@JohnnyArtPavlou]

Very nice.

[@Jinryuushi]

Amen!

[@lerafa]

as a drummer, I agree

[@CutiePi]

After having read Moonwalking with Einstein, Fooled by Randomness, Sapiens and Thinking fast and slow. This really felt like a condensed version of parts of each book combined. Very good video, cheers !

[@LukePuplett]

Allow me to add Grit by Angela Duckworth. The book focuses on the Deliberate Practice aspect. My criticism of books and videos on success or productivity, as well as schools in general, is that they fail to discuss the relationship between acquiring expertise and making money. The system we live under was designed to reward the people who control the means of production. You can become an expert, but if someone else employs you, it's unlikely you'll ever earn a great deal and you may feel after 10,000 hours of toil that you've been sold a lie. The are exceptions of course, but in general, experts are paid their average market rate which is usually a fraction of what shareholders make. This explains why wealthy business owners are so often non-experts. I don't mean Elon Musk, but the many millionaires that run small businesses around the world. Often they understood the game when young, perhaps because a family member was a capitalist, and they realised that they can skip school and just buy-in and coordinate hard working experts. In my personal life, the smartest and deepest thinking people I know are far from the wealthiest. Sometimes it feels like an inverse correlation. My wealthiest friends aren't particularly bright and don't read, but they do all run businesses where they hire smart people to do the actual work, or use leverage to buy property and rent seek. If they have become experts, then their skills are working the system to their advantage and convincing people they have the expertise that actually their employees have. This may seem cynical, but it is my lived experience and my observation, and these friends are open and proud about their money making skills. To be financially successful, being an expert is not enough. You must also have something to trade, own the means of production, and decide your own wages, which may include owning the means of producing KZbin content. In other words, you must become an expert in making and keeping money.

[@XPPrivateBank]

@@LukePuplett To become an expert in anything you have to focus on a skill. As you become better at something the niche that can appreciate your skill becomes smaller and smaller. Therefore your reach will become smaller and smaller the better you get and that is normal. I don't see that as a problem at all, because money should be directly correlated to RISK. An expert making an mistake will only affect an small number of people. A business owner making a mistake will impact maybe millions of people. Its because the difference in risk that there is a difference in compensation.

[@LukePuplett]

​@@XPPrivateBank There are a faults in this analysis. - As you become better at something, your reach may become very broad. For example, you may become a leader in coronavirus research. - A coronavirus expert making a mistake could cause a pandemic. - How much do firefighters, miners, or Bangladeshi's dismantling ships, make? - How much does Derek make from KZbin and what's the impact when he messes up? - What if author JK Rowling's next book is bad? - If you rank the world's wealthiest people by net worth and then by risk/impact of their actions, does the order change much? - If you have an idea and start a business and get investors, you can pay yourself a salary and hire experts. This is common with non-technical tech company start-ups. If it fails, you have two options a) try again, in which case you're more investable because you have experience of what not to do b) get a well paid job. There's no risk here. But consider that the average business is small and in your local town. The owner's mistake might temporarily impact a dozen employees and several hundred customers, and yet they will drive the Bentley, own a couple of Patek Phillip watches and live in a big house, because they realised what I described above and went about making it happen. The risk argument simply doesn't stand up to scrutiny. Neither being an expert nor risk accounts for wealth. Owning the means of production, whether you have a team of people making desks, or fixing people's teeth, or own your own written words (even if you got an expert ghost writer to write them), is the key. Here's a final one: look up how much song writers get paid, vs. the people that sing them, and the shareholders of the record company. What's the pattern? The shareholders get most of the money, the expert songwriter gets $52,000 a year, on average, across all the songs they write. Teaching kids how to become an expert without teaching them who actually earns the lion's share of the money their expertise generates under our capitalist system, is a disservice. Some people discover this at work. They look around, they see how the business operates, they think, why am I earning x when I could run a business like this and pay myself y. And they start their own thing. They realise the game, and they realise it has nothing to do with expertise.

[@cautarepvp2079]

@@LukePuplett damn such a good comment. But its not that simple, it takes soo much time to be great at something

[@LukePuplett]

@@cautarepvp2079 It does take time, but it's time that must be lived anyway. My point isn't that one should not become great at something, but that one should enter into the journey understanding the system and whether other people will be the main beneficiaries of your sacrifice.

[@timb7342]

"People we think of as experts, but actually aren't." This is such a big piece of the puzzle that is the modern world. Thank you!

[@AkamiChannel]

Amen!

[@ooc6921]

Like who

[@Deuk]

@@ooc6921 journalist, columnists, dietary guru's etc.

[@bobbyd9319]

Look at the so called experts during covid, either lied to us, or didn’t know their head from a hole in the ground.

[@philippe-lebel]

@@Deuk If their aim is to earn money and have social status without kwoning so much they are expert ;)

[@gustavonascimento811]

You are basically stating that one can only hope to become an expert in some field if the field's problems can be stated similarly to supervised machine learning problems: 1. Valid environment: this means that the problem can be mathematically modeled, that is, it involves correlated variables, and can be formulated as some law y = f(X). 2. Repeated Experiences: one requires a large number of datapoints for training a model. 3. Experiences with feedback: collected data points should be of the kind (X, y), where y is some target 4. Timely feedback: The datapoints should necessarily be collect together with target values. Collecting targets in the future will not train the model properly. 5. Do not get comfortable: getting a large amount of datapoint that are linearly dependent will no help training the model, for it has already learned the information from the LI subset

[@sen5956]

I think without love and obsession for what you do, those steps can feel unbearable. If you love what you do deeply and are obsessed with it... being uncomfortable is not even that bad. It's like Kobe Bryant tearing his achilles, shooting free throws and walking off the court.. He said that when the game is the most important, you don't even feel the pain. I'm sure he's been in pain and uncomfortable a whole lot in his career but he LOVED the game of basketball too much to even care about the discomfort. He was obsessed.

[@user-sc8ph2ds2m]

@lim sowq Just common knowledge bruh

[@cherianafreen7528]

क्या आप अधिक विस्तार से उत्तर दे सकते हैं?

[@jonjeskie5234]

Yea "passion" is the immeasurable quality that can actually override *everything* else.

[@mikeshinwa3398]

It’s incredible how something which sounds idealistic (such as parents telling their kids to pursue a career ‘they are passionate about’) can ultimately be the one thing that enables us to willingly go through these steps.

[@en2336]

What do you do when depression makes it so that you're passionate about anything? :(

[@eugenealive]

When I was a teenager I trained myself to pronounce words in reverse. Absolutely useless skill but it was fun. I could reverse any word of any length just instantaneously. I didn't have to process it letter by letter, I just knew the result instantly, it was just popping out in my mind. But if you asked me to reverse a random set of letters instead of valid word I would fail. It worked only for real words.

[@stephen3164]

I trained myself as a kid to read text upside down (simply turning the page around). I was able to read with the same speed, aloud or not, no matter which way the text was facing. I wish I could say I’ve found a use for this skill, but perhaps I use it all the time without realizing. (I haven’t actively done this in a while.) Closer in relation to your reverse reading skill, learned word by word, I type on a keyboard primarily with 3 fingers on each hand. Each word is a different pattern, and I can type quite fast, especially with words I type frequently, even if they are long words. On the flip* side, if I have to type a word that I easily know how to spell but rarely type, or a word that I’ve never typed, my typing speed drops a lot. I once typed a science paper that my wife had hand written. I didn’t know many of the words, and though I didn’t really need to look at the keyboard, my typing speed on these words was downright lethargic.

[@Yiran]

how about the word "instantaneously"?

[@eugeniabarsukova]

I did the same thing, but I realised I reversed the pronunciation and not the spelling, so, say, "Pete" would be "teep" rather than "etep".

[@trollar8810]

@@Yiran Instant takes me no time at all, but then the aneously takes quite a bit "Instantaneously" takes me about 2 seconds and a half to type, while i usually do so at ~90wpm

[@DanielXavierDosReis]

You still do it ? Can you record a video about it ?

[@stephen3164]

The “25 years playing guitar” comment rings true for me. I’ve been playing for 35 years, but I really only actively learned and practiced for the first 5-6 years. Joining a band and learning 30 new songs would give me a boost every so often, but mainly my guitar skills are at a certain level bc I stopped actively learning how to play new stuff, and instead play songs I’ve been playing for years. I have no desire to get any better and find enjoyment out of how I currently play.

[@schneider1896]

Guitar can easily be seen as the most competitive object in the world. It's very popular, hard to see more popular. It's sooooo hard to "master"

[@trybunt]

@@schneider1896 guitar the most competitive object? I find that hard to believe, I can think of so many equally or more competitive- the sword has been around for thousands of years, people mastering it in life and death situations. The spear or bow/arrow have been around even more, people eating or starving based on accuracy. Cars, pens, balls.. I don't think the guitar is the most competitive object

[@andretsang7337]

I think this is underrated. Becoming a professional is overrated, and just having a good time is also very valid. Not everyone has to be world-class. Just jamming out is a success in and of itself

[@EmpressMermaid]

@@andretsang7337 You're right, sometimes becoming an expert on something can very quickly sap the joy out of it. I play guitar, too. Have been at it 3 years and I'm absolutely horrible. But that's ok because I love playing.

[@drdelewded]

Been playing guitar since 1987.. I still suck and have been in 5 performing bands hahaha Once I learned barre chords 30+ years ago I could make songs and stopped "learning" anything else And honestly I dont care to.

[@iULTRA21]

1- repeated attempts with feedback Sports like tennis and football you see where you hit your shot, and if the ball goes to net. Physics you see wheither answer is right or wrong. Chess you see if you when or lose. 2- Valid environment. Wheither the thing is random or not. Like roulette and stocks. 3- Timely feedback. Try to get feedback immediately after your work, KZbin gives feedback after videos and compares it with the older ones. 13:35 Most important part 4- Don't get comfortable. The practice you're doing should be effective and uncomfortable. Like doing the same thing won't always make you better. Studying the thing and doing uncomfortable stuff will. (Deliberate practice) You should practice at the edge of your ability beyond your comfort zone, attempt things repeatedly that you're not good at. Without deliberate practice your performance could actually decrease. 16:05 great conclusion

[@mandos6145]

"excellence is not an art, it's pure habit. We are what we repeatedly do" 20 points to whoever recognises the quote

[@NotOrg7]

Who's quote is it?

[@Fabian-fd7go]

Aristotle

[@shaggyfeng9110]

Art is some elite group of people's habit. Don't you get it now?

[@lizanna6390]

​@@Fabian-fd7go thanks. I know the quote but trying to remember who said it was gonna drive me mad

[@viraloutbreaks99]

I don't know but I use this one all the time..... "You are what you do. Not what you say you'll do." -Carl Yung

[@mayatrash]

As a trained physicist this was really interesting. I have not the best memory recall, some guys know the answer to a problem they did years ago, but I always have a „gut feeling“ how the equations will emerge and I can see a strong pattern in equations, even looking at it for a small amount of time is often enough to restructure the stuff in my head - even when not perfect, it’s a good cope for a usually bad memory recall

[@kareandersson]

He forgot the most important factor - genetics.

[@UncleKennysPlace]

@@kareandersson Not the most important, in my view.

[@rigira]

@@kareandersson in terms of improving, u shouldn't even focus on that because u can't change it lol

[@nihinkcmxhfwnhi]

I'm just going to hit a like for that username lmao

[@riskyraccoon]

at first I read, "As a tamed physicist this was really interesting" and now I'm worried that no physicist will ever be tamed

[@binham122]

I think there's another way to think about this A. Expertise is about recognizing the pattern B. Recognizing pattern comes from storing highly structured information in the long-term memory via FEEDBACK Four things it takes to store highly structured information in the long-term memory via FEEDBACK 1. Repeated Attemps (WITH FEEDBACK) - you must have some type of feedback first 2. Valid Environment (PROPER FEEDBACK) - the feedback should give you valuable lesson to improve the next time 3. TIMELY FEEDBACK 4. Deliberate practice (PROGRESSIVELY UPGRADE FEEDBACK) because overlapping & repeating feedback won't help you become better, it must be upgraded over time for new lessons, and hence improved expertise accordingly -> As you can see, it all surrounds feedback, which indeed, is the core of learning, recognizing pattern as we see in machine learning. After all, ti's about using feedback in the right way, right?

[@duyminh9526]

suy nghĩ bạn sâu thật đấy, cảm ơn b vì bài học giá trị

[@RaphyJmusic]

I like this way you broke it down 👌

[@inteligenciaregional]

Great one!!!!

[@Radiers]

underrated comment

[@falsonaga]

Commenting so I can always come back to this comment

[@edunation1296]

TL;DSall 1) Expertise is the skill to recognise underlying patterns and act intuitively 2) Expertise enables to arrive at correct solution effortlessly. 3) This Activity needs a memory which can store information for long and retrieve it instantly and efficiently when needed. 4) Such a memory has to be developed by long practice, this ensures retention and quick retrieval of information. 5) fair practice environment reduces the uncertainty thus making process of information storage and feeding efficient. 6) timely feedback is important to weedout unnecessary noise as soon as possible so that information stored isn't corrupted and remains structured. 7) while, determining step in the process is to engage in challenging tasks which enables expansion of knowledge base and engraving of fundamental information. 8) It may be implied on basis of this logic that expertise is acquired skill and anyone can become a expert, but in my opinion it's not so straightforward. 9) Curiosity and ability to retain vitality (inspite of spontaneity which has arisen as a result of mechanical discipline) along with natural talent and sense of affection towards concerned activity all contribute to foundation underlying the so called expertise. Thanks.

[@feralmode]

100% agree. i just made a similar comment about talent which scientific analyses have no way to quantify and thus always ignore. how do you measure ‘je ne sais quoi’

[@ravenlouisedaguro6181]

I just made an acronym for me to always remember these four criteria. It's PERF (from "performance"), P - (Deliberate) Practice E - (Valid) Environment R - Repetition F - Feedback Great video, as always!

[@loturzelrestaurant]

May i suggest a Part 2 to this or would that be too random? ?

[@starlight_garden]

Great! I wish I could give you more than my thumbs up.

[@yashjawanjal9733]

Perf-romance

[@jagatdave]

Order matters.....deliberate practice comes after repetitions

[@mz00956]

Or perf ection

[@anindyasundarmanna6683]

"We see patterns if everywhere, including where there is no pattern" - sounds a lot like the overfitting problem of a neural network! Great video as always Derek!

[@Nevir202]

Ya, exactly. Human brains are made to recognize patters and difference, so we'll see both, even where they don't exist.

[@charlietian4023]

Good connection

[@ania5038]

"There are no regularities to be learned" is such a nice phrase lol

[@reverse_engineered]

It's not overfitting if you consider the loss function. If we see something moving in the shadows and we aren't sure if it's a threat or not, should we give each equal weight? No, because the risks are different. If we think it's dangerous and react as such when it isn't, our risk is little more than embarrassment, having to take an alternate path, or possibly missing out on an opportunity. But if it is dangerous and we react as if it's not, then we could face incredible losses including death. This may not be as relevant in our modern world, but evolving in the wild where predators and competitors are numerous, it is favorable to err on the side of caution because the cost of a false negative is much worse than the cost of a false positive. The same is true in policing, medical testing, inspecting bridges, and many other areas. When the cost of a false negative is very large, and when the cost of a false positive is relatively small, you lean towards more false positives and fewer false negatives.

[@anindyasundarmanna6683]

​@@reverse_engineered While what you are saying makes perfect sense, there is a fundamental flaw to your assumption. The whole premise here is, (read again) - finding pattern where there is NO pattern. Not that there can be a pattern. Which is exactly what overfitting is. And that was merely the point of the comment. Your argument, while perfectly logical otherwise, misses the point.

[@melanieforyou]

Wonderful! I'm an "expert" in a narrow field of positive reinforcement dog training. I train behaviors like duration focus, competition heeling, pivoting, walking backwards, shape positional behaviors, interacting with props, and skills that are used in raising and lowering arousal such as switching reinforcement (from chase to tug to food). All on verbal cue alone. It's been my passion for over 10 years with six different dogs all started as puppies- of several different breeds- and all able to do everything I listed and much more within 2 years. I learned what I know from my professional mentor as well as personal problem solving.

[@easytos]

This is why learning a new language is easier when you have someone to converse with. You get that feedback, unlike trying to learn via a book, audio/video programs or even with a language learning software (which gives some level of feedback, but it's pretty limiting.)

[@athenalong]

THISSSSSSS!!

[@gutoguto0873]

Agreed.

[@zhangalex734]

"At its core, expertise is about recognition." That is simply beautiful.

[@zyoface]

To steal from my high school teacher, "practice does not make perfect. Perfect practice makes perfect." This also seems to be an apt checklist for composing a well performing machine learning agent (or at least are 4 very relevant circumstances to consider). Interesting as always, thank you!

[@DamnYouKakarot]

"Vince Lombardi"

[@mcmerry2846]

Yeah, imagine making 1000 repetitions and make them all bad.

[@zyoface]

@esrever gnireenigne Have you never slowed an activity down, or broken it up into smaller pieces to ensure you're getting it right? I think there are many ways to practice perfectly without being able to perform perfectly. I also think that performing perfectly once is no reason to expect the same will be achieved the next time. For me the quote succinctly captures a lot of the insight Derrick shared in this video, suggesting you can't simply participate for a set time and expect excellence.

[@diesertyp7822]

What you are describing is much more akin to deliberate practice than perfect practice.

[@Studyman-g9e]

4:55 1. Many repeated attempts with feedback. 6:48 2. Valid Environment 11:23 3. Timely feedback 13:51 4. Keep pushing your edge (Deliberate practice)

[@shreehariprasad6432]

This video is thousand times more helpful than a thousand self-help motivational videos here on KZbin,,, thanks 🙏

[@AleksandarIvanov69]

depends on what you need

[@PepsiFuture]

Where was the value in this video?

[@6DAMMK9]

Edit: Thank you for the vote up! In precise I am buying broken GPUs / motherboards and attempt to fix them, besides my unrelated day time job. Not the “oven method” in the web, but really trying to fix them in electronic sense. Clearing short circuits, replacing the ICs which appears no common across boards. Maybe I’ll try repairing PSU but I don’t want to blow my workbench (bedroom). I’ve just learnt repairing electronics with absolutely no background knowledge, with hours of watching Chinese repairing videos, and keep investing some money on buying random broken boards and tools and keep attempting to fix it. And I’ve found that the experience has magically fit all the requirements elements and now I’ve just been repaired a few of them and widely called as an “expert” in my local city. No course attended, just “self-studied” for around half a year, and only in weekend.

[@mikethompson2745]

It's sad what it takes to be considered an expert these days. I refuse the title Expert when I'm actually an expert, I call myself a Master instead considering how many 'experts' exist.

[@dsp4392]

If you feel that "the experience has magically fit all the requirements", then you're probably missing requirement #4 and are operating within your comfort zone. It can be easy to feel that you're learning fast when you're learning something that shares a lot of skills that are similar to something else you're already good at, or that you are learning a skill in an environment with no competition. Electronics repair, for instance, is pretty easy to people who are good in other STEM fields. I'm sure you could become even better by pushing farther and trying your hand at PCB design and robotics.

[@mikethompson2745]

@@dsp4392 tip, you clicked "reply" on my comment instead of the other guy, thus I got the notice. Btw, I designed the PCB for my last robot. ;)

[@mikethompson2745]

btw, my comment wasn't meant to disparage you, it was meant to disparage the general public. Fact is, if they view you as the expert when you have minimal experience, you ARE the expert in that group. But there is always more to learn. =)

[@hunternelson7627]

@@mikethompson2745 you sound like an exceptionally arrogant and irritating person to be around

[@NinjaRunningWild]

Two words : *Deliberate Practice.* A few books on the subject : - "The Road to Excellence" by Anders Ericsson - "Talent is Overrated” by Geoff Colvin - “Mastery” by Robert Greene And Ericsson's academic text on the subject “The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance” (free in PDF. Look for it).

[@nenmaster5218]

To be an Expert, the video "Finland ENDED Homelessness" by Second Thought and "The Past and Future of Work" by Some More News are Key.

[@samuelpicardal]

Deep work by Cal Newport

[@ClassPunkOnRumbleAndSubstack]

One synonym?: Focused play.

[@Ironsvillage]

Or "Peak" by Ericsson and Pool, which I'm reading currently, easy for anyone to understand as well. Ericsson is also the mastermind behind the term "deliberate practice" he was a remarkable psychologist

[@OatsOats]

@Bumblesnuff buffallobath Yes. Anders Ericsson is quite literally the man who pioneered the science of expertise, his book "Peak: Secrets from the new science of expertise" goes into it. He dedicated his life to this. I attribute me breaking 200WPM on a typing test (on my channel) to his principles.

[@googlesucks1376]

"What makes an expert isn't so much what they know, It's that they've done similar things so many times wrong They know what not to do" ~~ Wayne Mitzen (1959- )

[@iWatchYoutube2601]

Derek, this video and narration gave me a lot of courage and motivation to continue my learning of computer science. I’ve been practicing some of the same problems, just to master them. But anytime I try something new, even if it involves some of the same steps, I’m lost. This helped me break down some of the necessary steps I need to take to understand more about computer science and programming. As always, thanks for the amazing video! Wonderful production recently.

[@andrewlalis]

Go get it man. There's a lot to learn, but you've got the right attitude.

[@amdreallyfast]

In my experience in software engineering, half the learning is often just figuring out the shorthand, lingo, and abstractions of whomever I'm trying to learn from. It's difficult, but doable :)

[@iWatchYoutube2601]

Thank you for the kind words and inspiration Andrew and John. I’ve just been practicing Python the last few weeks. I go back to school in a few weeks though taking comp. Sci classes for the first time. I just switched over from a history major. It’s been super interesting and very rewarding getting into Python and comp. Sci as a whole

[@Djellowman]

So brave

[@krishp1104]

Like John said, coding is 90% figuring out how to apply what you already know in your current scenario

[@micrad25]

For those interested, a lot of the video seems to be based on two books, “Range” by David Epstein, and “Outliers” by Malcolm Gladwell. Both are good and I recommend them if you are interested in learning more about the topics in this video!

[@bboyhoyack]

Also "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman which talks about System 1 and 2. I'm just about finishing this book and I recognized some of the topics he was talking about.

[@afterthesmash]

And _Superforecasting_ by Tetlock.

[@david1116]

"The Black Swan" by Nassim Nicholas Taleb also delves into the ways that certain types of experts (surgeons, for example) make reliable predictions but others (market forecasters or political pundits) are often wildly incorrect. Goes more into those "one-off" type of events mentioned in the video.

[@starlord7526]

these books you mentioned other than Kahneman, repeat the same stuff over and over again, it gets so boring dude

[@famrah]

Leaving this here so i can come back to it later

[@danielribastandeitnik9550]

Interesting how almost everything he describes as needed to build an expert is what is required to train a neural network via a reinforcement learning method.

[@7gugts3d4ROBOTufyuguhihimpl9]

becous both are learning my friend ))

[@panoshanos1]

as if neural networks are modeled after the brain almost...

[@vikramc7977]

@@panoshanos1 neural networks are modelled after the brain only semantically. Mathematically, they have no correlation with the actual workings of the brain. Moreover, OPs main focus was on Reinforcement Learning techniques, and not on Neural Networks, and it is true that Reinforcement Learning techniques were created to be similar to real learning, with the models receiving the appropriate rewards/penalties, and these rewards also having greater values with the immediacy of finding them.

[@MarcillaSmith]

And the award in the category of "Um, Well, Actually" goes to...

[@danielribastandeitnik9550]

@@vikramc7977 thanks, that was my point.

[@do_regan]

As always, nice video. I have two critiques of the investing section though: 1) Buffett's reason for creating that bet wasn't "to show that he could pick one investment that would outperform Wall Street's best hedge funds." His reason for creating the bet was to show that passively investing in a *low-fee* S&P 500 index fund was superior to actively investing in hedge funds/"funds of funds" due to their (on average) merely average results that inevitably become below average after including the taxes they incur and most importantly the high fees they charge. 2) Warren Buffett explicitly disagrees with your interpretation that the stock market is a low validity environment and therefore that the people who outperform it do it because of random chance. For example, in his essay "The Superinvestors of Graham and Doddsville" he agrees that the stock market is low validity in the short term, but argues that it is high validity in the long term, and therefore investors can outperform the S&P 500 over the medium to long term if they follow Graham & Dodd's value method and do it with above-average discipline, patience & rationality.

[@tunneloflight]

For learning to be an expert, other aspects are important. Ongoing curiosity. Constant questioning. Intentionally working to ‘break’ what you ‘know’. Exploring all sorts of topics unrelated to your chosen field. The ability to see similarities across disciplines and fields to then use insights from each to challenge the others. A lack of fear of failure while still working to avoid it. Understanding limits of knowledge. Knowledge of fallacies and logical failings of all sorts. Etc…. And not only to be prepared always to chuck what you thought you knew, but to actively look for how you actually got “it” wrong, even though you think you got “it” right. That involves constantly looking for new solutions to old problems, new ways to solve old problems, and with all of those searching for flaws in your knowledge, or perception. Challenge perception and existence themselves. Challenge the fundamentals - always. For example, we have “known” since Einstein that gravity doesn’t exist. It isn’t a force. It is the observed relationships that fall out of applying Newtonian motion in curved space time. The ‘force’ relationships are relationships only because they are artifacts required by the geometric construct of space time combined with conservation equations. And this doesn’t just apply to gravity. We develop shorthand’s for what we think we know, even with “firm” equations like the gravitational field equation. And then we neglect to challenge our beliefs. We then get stuck.. When we learned about DNA we concluded that knowledge could not be passed down from parent to child genetically. Only now much later looking at methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation and more do we realize that epigenomics, proteinomics, and other means exist to code information through a lifetime and to then have that information passed on to progeny by changes associated with the genome, while not changing the genome itself. We learned that bacteria and other organisms extend tubules between one another and ‘share’ plasmids and other bits of programming and information across enormous evolutionary boundaries so that each may gain from competing with and simultaneously sharing with others. E..g. Antibiotic resistance. We learn that a massive fungal network exists and pervades the biosphere swapping nutrients, water, minerals and much more. We do not even know the bounds of that yet. Through out it all, we learn that we know, actually know, much less than we thought we did.

[@philippebrehier7386]

Up

[@Seskoi]

Socrates: "I know only one thing: that I know nothing."

[@Goalsplus]

Well said. I would like to add "interest". You've covered much of which describes interest very well. But it's also a purpose or drive in itself and can be brought about by an outside purpose or drive.

[@shubhkedia259]

'And we see patterns everywhere, including in randomness'. This topic was covered in Cosmos : A space time Odyssey. I loved it when he says and I loved it when you said it too. Its is just so true. We strive to find patterns in everything and fail to do so many times.

[@MichaelSteeves]

I have hearing loss and in common with many others in that situation, my brain tries to find patterns in random noise. It is common to think there is a radio playing in the distance because your brain is desperately trying to find patterns where they don't exist.

[@TheXuism]

The definition of real randomness is there is no pattern at all.

[@garethbaus5471]

@@TheXuism not exactly, truly random things can have plenty of apparent patterns within them there just anything consistently creating the pattern.

[@guysumpthin2974]

But wisdom trumps knowledge & experience, yet together you get REAL experts . Without wisdom the results are usually poor to average, no matter how much experience/ training/ diploma/ certs

[@kotavenkatabharghav7222]

astrology summed up. people try to see patterns in things and are swayed by confirmational bias

[@Luciothecommenter]

I find one thing in common in all these points: a strong and consistent two-way flow of information

[@dinamosflams]

what does it mean to have a "two-way flow"?

[@Luciothecommenter]

​@@dinamosflams I hope my examples explain it well, since I couldn't create a good definition for this topic. Reading a book is an example of a one-way flow. You can read the book and take really good information from it, but if you don't understand something, you can't ask the book a question. A private class, on the other hand, is the opposite, for obvious reasons. But you don't always need a person for a two-way flow. Programming/coding can be a two-way flow if you are able to see what exactly your code does when it's running (for example, when using the debugger and knowing what information will help you solve the issue) rather than just getting a "success" or "fail" and trying to guess what the heck you did wrong.

[@dinamosflams]

@@Luciothecommenter oh nice, thx

[@karaee]

​@@Luciothecommenter that's actually a better explanation

[@MRT-co1sd]

@@Luciothecommenter It’s good explanation but further you could say it’s a two way linear flows.

[@hectorurdiales4570]

1. Correlating features 2. Train over many epochs 3. Labelled samples 4. Training not just inferring

[@marten837]

Interesting to think about this in the context of my own field: Computer Science. Especially when writing code, it does illuminate some things for me. I work with a lot of scientist from other fields who mostly write software as a tool for expressing ideas from their respective fields. Most of them have had little to no formal training in writing code before starting to work. What I notice is that these people fairly easy learn how to avoid bugs and write code that executes, but are terrible at preventing structural issues (e.g. does this software scale easily or how easy is it to add new functionality in the future). The timely feedback issue seems crititcal here. When trying to write code that executes, the feedback is almost immediate: The software returns an error on running or it doesn't. The structural problems however aren't evaluated by any immediate system or even at all (especially for people who's main area of expertise is actually not software).

[@JustAnotherJarhead]

"Most of them have had little to no formal training in writing code before starting to work" = As a non-coder , this is totally impressive to me. I would love to be able to code without formal training. How are they even able to pull this off?

[@jaysmythe154]

Wait, ...what? X

[@webdevelopmentwithjavascri8020]

I totally agree with you.

[@MmmhMarky]

@@JustAnotherJarhead I am not a professional coder but have coded a few impressive stuffs. I program to how I think like solving a puzzle. It has no structure. For example, I once wanted to search for a product fast. I didn't like the idea of searching a file, one line at a time which is a huge waste of time. Then, I came up with a search that narrows down half at a time, which means that searching through 500,000 and 1,000,000 is just one search apart. (In addition to that, I was programming in assembly language Masm for speed.) Later on, I found it that it was called binary search.

[@fd4511]

A computer program is a tool. Some tools are only going to be used by scientists to solve a repetitive problem, while other programs will be sold to customers. The structural requirements will be different, of course. While not being a scientist, I can suspect that a scientist wouldn't want to spend an expensive time to build a beautiful code that will not be facing outwards, nor scale up later. If there's a need for such a level of quality, they'd be outsourcing coding anyway, after a prototyping stage. I'd imagine that scientists are concerned with higher level solutions to problems, and proofs of concept, while the engineers actually go more in-depth and anticipate quality control, code security, etc.

[@TheDevilLine6]

The most fun I had was in high school math class. I was in calculus and we had a morning work assignment. Now I wasn’t an honor student at all but during this assignment I picked up on a pattern with the equation. The best part was it cut out half of the work needed to solve the equation. I was so giddy with my findings I tried it on multiple variations with fractions, negative and whole numbers. I remember when I raised my hand and told my teacher the answer with a total different way of finding it, she said I must’ve gotten lucky, but I had her look at my notebook and she took it to rewrite my work for the class. She asked how I figured it out and it was as simple as a pattern between the numbers that was repetitive in each equation. Now I’m currently working towards my business degree and trained myself in investments. All because I found a way to enjoy numbers

[@thankfulforlife]

Brilliant

[@SkyLordPanglot]

As a chess player I want to make a little correction. The feedback is not just winning or losing, but rather its cause and effect. Developing or leaving pieces in certain places leads to different outcomes as a butterfly effect. At first you cannot recognize what action or inaction caused the whole avalanche that leads to you dominating or losing, but with time you start to recognize for example that leaving your bishop over there always allows the opponent to attack. So your feedback is actually recognizing how patterns or moves lead to other patterns.

[@TreespeakerOfTheLand]

That is actually quite a good point. I am a beginner at chess and I am seeing more and more patterns, as well as the butterfly effect. It's really cool haha

[@GreenLeafUponTheSky]

I use the same concept to improve my skills in drawing realistically or learning music. I don’t watch tutorials, I pay attention to exactly where I went wrong and how I can improve it, targeting that specific weakness

[@SkyLordPanglot]

@@userh6699 What is from what book?

[@SkyLordPanglot]

​@@danielburleson563Check the likes again 🙂

[@danielburleson563]

@@SkyLordPanglot you have 500 likes when top comments usually have tens of thousands? Wow buddy, you're really bragging huh

[@ilqarilyasov]

Wow, this mist be the most useful/helpful KZbin video I’ve came across for a long time. Thank you for creating and sharing this.

[@treiweber7096]

I use to be a hockey goaltender, the pattern recognition part of the game never crossed my mind until now. I remember when the play was developing in the corner of the ice on my end and being able to keep track of everyone else on the ice seemed impossible when I was younger, but after time it got easier and easier and it seems like this pattern recognition of being able to quickly glance over and notice the patterns on the ice allowing me to gather info much quicker than looking over 3 or 4 times. It was a hugely important skill as a goaltender and watching this video just kind of made me chuckle about it.

[@umi66]

I really like this comment, thanks for the anecdote

[@Mattz554]

High quality content, your comment! And I'm the second saying this, woah!

[@NONO-hz4vo]

This is why sometimes it is more difficult to play against a bad player. They just aren't in the right spots they are supposed to be in. Of course once you learn they are trash it is easier but initially they can get some lucky points.

[@mrbrazina3128]

@@NONO-hz4vo do you think this could be why they call it "beginner's luck"

[@tylerstaresinic2354]

As an other goalie the big one that I can think of is reacting to shots. I used to be able to tell where the shot was going before the puck was actually released. And the time for me to react to a shot included the wind up time. And I hated it when it was a knucklepuck or they fanned on it because it totally threw me off. That’s why my advice to forwards is always to get a quick release because it removes my time to process/predict the shot.

[@eykan_ow]

This is really important information to know when you are set out to become an expert at something. I have never seen this sort of information condensed like this before, and I believe this video will inspire people for decades to come.

[@spimbles]

lol this video will inspire people for decades to come, huh

[@ktk1144]

u sure will make good titles :D

[@vivanecrosis]

Totally agree, it inspired me already, and reminded me that this is what I have been doing with my art. Sometimes I feel really uncomfortable and frustrated, but then after watching this video, this is the deliberate practice part, being outside of your comfort zone.

[@porterde08]

This is indeed the tactic used for most life skills. Believe it or not. Hell, life itself.

[@Ingu.z]

Well...! He's an expert at teaching through making youtube vids

[@06labr]

Personally I learned this lesson with driving. I consider myself a great driver with 15 years on the road, but when i started racing 100mph karts 3 years ago i quickly realised that the 15 years of comfy driving was absolutely worthless in terms of racing near the limits. I am getting my ass kicked by teenagers who have never driven a car. After 3 years of karting myself i can proudly say that im still not even close to catching up to them. They have pushed the limits for years despite their age. In terms og driving, lets face it, they are the experts.

[@tiararoxeanne1318]

Take a big heart to admit that. Hats off to you, Sir.

[@aaaaaa8656]

@Amoeba Lars is a male name.

[@MikkelL03]

True. I'm great at driving fast on the street, but rly ain't that good driving the speed limit or below.

[@tony_5156]

They’ve been doing it as kids man you gotta be a real freak for details and changes on racing.

[@feetlessdance]

What makes an expert. Repeatation with feedbacks*. * conditions :valid and reliable environment.

[@jimbeenee]

I've been a programmer now for 3 years. The first two years were difficult. At the start of the third year I fealt like an utterly terrable engineer. What I did have however was a limited self diagnostic ability. I knew I wasn't good at a lot of things. I knew this effected the quality and timlyness of my work. I wrote these down on a piece of paper and handed it to my manager. He arranged a meeting with myslef, him and a HR rep. We discussed at great length, each point on my list. We went over each of my concerns, his appraisal of each point and then devised a plan of action for improvement. At the end we agreed to revisit the list every fortnight and see if it had an impact. First couple of months = things on the list didn't get any worse. No major improvement either. I fealt unhappy with progress but my assigned mentors persisted and we adjusted my plan of action to suit the changing landscape Following few months = the revised plan was more effective, my continued efforts to adapt, learn and grow were starting to show. I fealt happier with my performance Past the halve way point = many of my issues that were more manageable had been resolved leaving some more habitual shortcomings. Seeing these same few over and over, fortnight after fortnight was distressing. I decided to start intense self study Nest a year in = through spending substantial amounts of my spare time studying coding patterns, best practices and new technologies, my efforts in work improved across the board. My pace was higher than ever, my communication with other engineers was noticeable, my suggestions were accepted with open arms. My manager was greatful to note my improvement and fealt I was ready for a major feature. weeks later = I completed my assigned work well ahead of schedule. My work flew through testing and came back with minimal suggestions from peer review. While I don't consider myself an expert quite yet. I have learned from personal experience that there are indeed 4 qualities required to become O e

[@ben.shields]

Hey James! I’m 2 years in to my software career and I started down a similar journey of trying to improve. I also wrote down my perceived shortcomings, I meet with 2 mentors, and have an initial plan to address my weaknesses. Im still at the beginning of this process though. Do you have any insights or practices you’d be willing to share with me? Cheers!

[@BANKO007]

Fantastic story. Strikes me that you know how to learn. I am going to use your method!

[@TheRusticCoder]

Hi James! Thank you so much for this. I just started my self taught programming journey and stuck on some challenges. It is just so hard to do things by ourselves. Reading your comment motivates me to do more. Thank you so much!!

[@chillydill4703]

@@TheRusticCoder Same here until a few months ago - I decided to enter two courses at university in software development. Now after half of the courses are done, my skills have improved 100% compared to trying learn it by my own. I found out that the structure is super super important! By entering a course, there is clear assignments and not fumbling around, watching tutorials on YT or projects to do. Highly recommend it!

[@bionaraq]

Amazing how this shows why time as a field engineer is so valuable in design engineering. The feedback of seeing where designs fail to accommodate install and construction sharpens their designs when they are back in the office.

[@trspanda2157]

Jesus loves us all that's why he died for our sins

[@Info-God]

The perfect definition of not allowing engineers to evolve. Why? Corporations are afraid of engineers getting good enough to open their own companies. Hence no feedback, no chsnging the environment are ALLOWED for enginners. Hence, the lack of skilled engineers. Well pointed!

[@bionaraq]

@@Info-God I could not agree more. However the push tends to be from customer's that do not want the per diem and cost for an onsite design engineer. I lucked out by having a client that very much wanted me on site for all of construction. The things I learned on site have helped me every step of the way in my career since then. Some of which were much to my embarrassment. One of the biggest sources for dissatisfaction I had in Design Engineering was that I would make drawings and never see the results.

[@Info-God]

@@bionaraq Thank you very much. Now, because you have that sense of self-evolving, I'd add anotger sad reality: keeping engineers in darkness in fear of getting better than bosses is a self-destructive attitude instead to work together. I was once told: nobody was able to check your work. Me: then whoeverer checked my work must go back to school. The result? Hate, jealousy, framing, misery, fingers pointed. I took all these as new environments, sharpenned and never miss an opportunity to learn new things on my own. I was even told : how come "John" knows that? Imagine the impact on engeering students might have if they are aware of such attitudes outside? They will keep silent and learn as much as they can, they will change the environment around them, just to learn.

[@bionaraq]

@@Info-God I found a mentor early on that shielded me from bad managers by always knowing what I was working on etc. However he also made a huge point of pushing my boundaries. It was never this is how you do it, but go research x,y,z then come back with your best attempt. Then i'll correct it and you will try again. Or just a random email "how do you do this?" prompting me to go research it and then talk to him. Once I had built a reputation as always standing behind my estimates etc i was able to then push Bad manager's back on their attitudes and work towards solutions. It takes many years. I now work in a role where I'm industry adjacent, as a specialist whose job is to ensure proper use of a product. I mentor every level of engineers as well as get schooled yearly by SME's in Design. Luckily in Design, you do not get to stay an SME very long if you keep making bad mistakes in design.

[@viktorg6823]

During my undergraduate studies in psychology we learned that there is growing evidence in the body of literature that algorithms can more reliably and more accurately make diagnoses than highly trained and experienced clinicians. This just absolutely blew my mind. And the arguement of many scientists in favor of algorithms is that the patient should be treated as fair as possible.

[@phxJohn2010]

As an educational psychology professional.I am very pleased to hear you talk about deliberate practice. This is something we talk at length about in my field. I have challenged gladwells idea of ten thousand hours however. For certain topics the amount of time studying required would be less than ten thousand hours especially if the topic is simple. However for more complex topics it might require for more than ten thousand hours of study. There is no scientific or academic basis for the ten thousand hour number that he postulated.

[@fidel_soto]

I'm speechless at the quality of the material being presented here.

[@memepolice6624]

I always tell my peers who take on art, that the fastest and most quality improvement you can make is by doing something new. New method, technique, and style. I'm glad that advice works across all fields.

[@vivanecrosis]

Totally agree. I am doing art, and it's easy to get stuck on what you have got used to, but that doesn't get you any closer to where you may want to be. What's your field? Art, or something else?

[@nenmaster5218]

@pyropulse To be an Expert, the video "Finland ENDED Homelessness" by Second Thought and "The Past and Future of Work" by Some More News are Key.

[@himan12345678]

@@nenmaster5218 is this some new bot?? What would those videos have anything to do with being an expert? What insights are there to gain on the subject? From the titles they don't seem relevant to the topic at hand.

[@chja00]

I can strongly recommend the book "Peak" by K Anders Ericsson. It nicely summarizes the authors research on deliberate practice, and it's quite accessible - written in a style that reminded me of "Thinking, Fast and Slow". It's very good followup reading to this video.

[@maxtrix1]

I thought the same, this video seems very similar as what Coleman says in his book

[@augustbramming4926]

Thanks for the recommendation!

[@soulextracter]

Note for future self.

[@anjitnarwal6676]

Range by David Epstein

[@wesi782]

"Talent is overrated" "Peak" and "Grit".

[@brunette5121]

Such a well-crafted video! The concepts are distilled perfectly, Derek consistently putting out quality stuff

[@collapsingspace]

This is easily my fav video on this channel, or anywhere really on the subject of learning and mastery. Its weirdly more inspiring than hour long talks you hear on this subject that's supposed to motivate you, but unlike those this is just 18 mins of hard-hitting concrete concepts that's proven to work. Amazing 🔥

[@commie281]

Definitely the most objective and helpful video to date. Thankful for this too

[@supremedreams2]

I agree, we should all try something new and if we like it, no matter what it is, if it can be improved we should keep trying no matter how hard it gets

[@CalvinHikes]

This reminds me of a book I recently read called "barking up the wrong tree." It demonstrates ways people can actually be successful rather than ways people think they will be successful. Only valid hard evidence as to what actually works versus what we think works but actually doesn't. For example, being told "good luck" is proven to actually raise test scores versus people who don't have someone tell them that. We would dismiss it but it's actually proven to raise people's success rate.

[@CorporationSKY]

48 laws author Robert Green Wrote a book called Mastery that breaks down how having a concrete "Reason", calling, or emotional tie is the basis of all of this. Which is futher explored in "Start with Why" by Simon Sinek.

[@crescentfreshsongs]

Agreed. With motivational speeches and the like, it leaves you open to "Yeah, but..." thoughts. ("Yeah, but my case is different...", "Yeah, but only for [group of perceived special cases]..."). This type of video is far more helpful, as it makes it clear that not only can anyone do it, but we've all been doing it since birth without even realizing it. Pretty much shuts down our tendency to assume that we're the outliers who can't improve. (something I fall victim to daily, lol)

[@ronj9448]

I used to play tournament chess in HS, learned tennis as an adult and played in USTA leagues, learned a few instruments and played in a few bands. The number one fail I saw of people along the same journeys as I while learning new things is their comfort level. Everyone has a rough time learning but some would gain a little competence and rest on those tiny laurels - and not get more competent. It seemed like people would find the laurels that fit their egos and then they stopped. They didn't go until they exhausted their abilities. Someone/something didn't say stop. They stopped themselves.

[@JohnPrepuce]

You have to make the "fails" feel like successes. Embrace the difficulty and make enjoying it an end in itself.

[@maxkho00]

Well, at some point, deliberate practice can really get quite daunting and isn't necessarily worth the sacrifice of just having a fun time (which, ultimately, is the reason you practice the hobby in question in the first place). I also play tournament chess around the master level, picked up tennis a year ago, and have also practised a large number of other hobbies throughout my life, perhaps most notably association football (getting up to a level just under semi-pro). I have always loved football, and still do; however, when I realised what it takes to get to the next level (by attending a semi-pro training camp for just 2 weeks), which pretty much requires having football and training in mind 24/7, I instantly made the decision to drop the idea of progressing further. It just wasn't worth it. Similarly, in chess, I am still willing to make further progress, but I am also realising that improving from this point onward takes so much deliberate effort and money that I'm perfectly fine with my improvement coming to a halt some time soon. All in all, I think that, a lot of the time, recognising your own limits is the smart thing to do, and pushing yourself to the very brink is often not the most practical course of action.

[@funkyflames7430]

I myself have struggled a lot with failure and progression. I think I put myself down a lot because I was making so much progress before that it feels like I would be on top of the world if I just kept it up, but thinking about your potential in a regretful way is a mistake because it is so easy to be consumed by the constant thought of it. I really like what has been said so far. I would just add that once I get competent enough to just try new things freely I become happy with my skill level and mess around and try new things. Getting to the level where you can try crazy, weird things and become a performer for yourself is the best thing. I feel elegant in my deliberate actions when it comes to sports. When it comes to things like chess, I feel like I am fully engaged with the structure of the board and experimenting with it in new and exciting ways! Yes, difficulties exist, but they should be thought of as challenges for yourself to be more critical and understanding of how you complete the tasks in order to properly translate your skills into the challenge you gave yourself. Tldr What if challenges can be fun and imaginative ways to grow better as long as you still follow Veritasium’s 4 listed rules. Just get more experiences of varying types!

[@ThyJubinator]

"It seemed like people would find the laurels that fit their egos and then they stopped." Wow that really hits close to home. Like my ego would demand a certain level of competence so that I no longer bring shame on myself for my lack of coordination or ability. And then when that competence is met, the drive leaves me and I sit in that comfort, merely performing at that level. I think this is why I'm such a sucker for competitive games. There is always someone better than you, someone to better yourself to beat - a reason to practice deliberately.

[@NarutoFreak47]

I play USTA tennis right now. Currently 4.0. Last year, during fall, I played up to 4.5 just because I wanted the practice. I totally got kicked in the teeth, but I've never had more fun losing matches than I did with these guys who, without being professionals, really seemed to know what they were doing. I'm interested in trying again in the future when I shake off this shoulder injury. Play up and you'll find yourself in a better place, skill-wise.

[@MrReese]

The title did not catch me at all, but knowing your videos I clicked on it anyway and two minutes in I am hooked as usual. Your way of telling and explaining stuff is just amazing. A true expert ;). The whole topic reminds me of something I picked up a while ago. The person said (he didn't come up with it, but I don't recall where he got it from) that there are four stages when it comes to learning something: 1. do something wrong unconsciously (= doing it wrong without knowing that it's wrong) 2. do something wrong consciously (= realize that you are doing it wrong) 3. do something right consciously (= actively doing it right) 4. do something right unconsciously (= doing it right without having to think about it anymore)

[@theonewithoutidentity]

There's also a (supposedly) a chance that you can loop around back to the start and do things wrong unconsciously again, having to spend some extra time unlearning bad habits you unconsciously pick up in the phase 4. I don't know about any research behind this claim, but I can personally attest to this. Oftentimes when I draw I slip into laziness, repeating brush strokes too much, picking colors at random, forgetting basic anatomy etc.. It takes me some time after getting away from the task to realize what I'd done.

[@reverse_engineered]

This is also why having an experienced teacher or mentor is so valuable. They can help you with step 1 and 3 by identifying that you are doing something wrong, showing you the right way to do it, and giving you feedback to direct you towards doing it correctly. It's still up to you to learn and accept what they point out to you, but in many ways those are the easy parts that come with an open mind and practice. Realizing you are doing something wrong is very difficult (especially if it's working but could be better) and finding the right or at least a better way can be a lifetime of trying different things that aren't any better - that's what research and invention is all about.

[@georgemocea6865]

The ammount of depth he goes into hits the sweet spot to get everyone an insightful idea about "how to become an expert"

[@laurenascher3558]

I’m training to become a certified flight instructor right now and being reminded of this was really helpful. Especially the point of training at the edge of your knowledge. It’s easier to review what you feel comfortable with, but it’s less effective than practicing your greatest deficiencies. Thanks for the video.

[@Godwinpounds4333]

Hello 👋 how are you doing?

[@Call_Upon_YAH]

Hey! Did you know God is three in one!? The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit! Bless him! Jesus died for our sins, rose from the dead, and gives salvation to everyone who has faith in him! True faith in Jesus will have you bear good fruit and *drastically* change for the better! Have a blessed day, everyone! ❤

[@Call_Upon_YAH]

Your worries (yes, anxiety), depression, suicidal thoughts, EVERYTHING will melt away and be NO MORE when you lean on God and put your trust in him! When I have physical pain, I literally pray and the Lord quells it, that I am healed! Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals! People are bothered by his name. The world hates the truth and wants to continue living sinfully! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous.

[@ade8890]

Depends... Sometimes practicing your greatest deficiencies can be a lost cause, and the main way to expertise is to practice at the edge of what you do best. Different for everybody depending on their body or task.

[@SATYASHEEL.]

Hey, I would love to know what aircrafts you're rated on Am currently a Flight Cadet and I hope to fly an airliner soon

[@cw988]

Fantastic video. I can confirm the "chunking" and "patterns" with classical music training. Classical music playing at the professional level requires internalizing hundreds of complex patterns of 2 to about 12 notes in a sequence (besides the thousands of hours practice to play in-tune, etc..), so we can sight-read any piece of music (even for a large ensemble together) written from the years c.1600 to c. 1910 - ish... playing up to 8-12 notes per second accurately. Classical players often balk at playing "new classical" music because modern composers often make up new patterns (or no patterns at all), and it forces the player to read each note carefully. Sometimes, each note has special written instructions, or new made-up symbols attached with lengthy descriptions. It frustrates many expert skilled players.. especially if they are underpaid for the time they have to spend learning it!

[@laksitowp]

that's very interesting!

[@thehighpriest360]

I really miss Mr. Goxx, I think his name was. Someone filmed their hamster running on a wheel labeled with stocks, and then the hamster would sometimes run into a nearby tube with "sell" on one end and "buy" on another. Still mostly made a profit by buying or selling whatever stock the hamster "selected" lol

[@averyinterestingpineapple6038]

Michael reeves latest video lol

[@trspanda2157]

Jesus loves us all that's why he died for our sins

[@itainteasywhenitshard7087]

@@trspanda2157 hard agree mate

[@rannyorton]

Success depends on the actions or steps you take to achieve it. Building wealth involves developing good habits like regularly putting money away in intervals for solid investments. Financial management is a crucial topic that most tend to shy away from, and ends up haunting them in the near future.., I pray that anyone who reads this will be successful in life!!

[@smithlenn]

Starting early is simply the best way of getting ahead to build wealth , investing remains a priority . I learnt from my last year's experience , I am able to build a suitable life beause I invested early ahead this time .

[@dawsondanny990]

The rich Invest in alternative income streams that are independent of the government should be the top priority for everyone right now. especially given the global economic crisis we are currently experiencing. Stocks, gold, silver, and virtual currencies are still attractive investments at the moment...

[@ivankagel9949]

I thought about investing in the real estate market, I heard that people make millions , but I lack good knowledge and a strategy to outperform the market and generate good yields. I have $460,000 but it's hard to bite the bullet and do it. Money is hard to come by

[@belljoe]

Having an investment advisor is the best way to go. Based on a direct encounter with a CFP named Kate Elizabeth Amdall, I can say with certainty that their skills are excellent. She helped raise over $580,000 in 18 months from an initially stagnant portfolio of $150,000

[@ivankagel9949]

INTERESTING!! can u share more details?

[@DrAgasa_anime]

I have been watching this channel since 2011 and it remains one of the most interesting and thought-provoking KZbin channels. It has been a pleasure to experience the evolution of this channel. I remember being amazed by your slinky drop video and being stumped by the bullet block video. Over the years, your physics videos have really challenged my critical thinking and it has been very rewarding. Recently, however, you have really outdone yourself. Videos like this one and your Bayes Theorem video have truly challenged how I view the world at a fundamental level. There may be a lot of science educators out there, but some of the videos you produce are truly one of a kind.

[@violetviolet888]

Dr. Agasa: "Be Smart" channel by PBS is excellent as well.

[@Call_Upon_YAH]

Hey! Did you know God is three in one!? The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit! Bless him! Jesus died for our sins, rose from the dead, and gives salvation to everyone who has faith in him! True faith in Jesus will have you bear good fruit and *drastically* change for the better! Have a blessed day, everyone! ❤

[@Call_Upon_YAH]

Your worries (yes, anxiety), depression, suicidal thoughts, EVERYTHING will melt away and be NO MORE when you lean on God and put your trust in him! When I have physical pain, I literally pray and the Lord quells it, that I am healed! Know that there is power in the name Jesus Christ! His name casts out demons and heals! People are bothered by his name. The world hates the truth and wants to continue living sinfully! God's children are set apart (holy) and righteous.

[@violetviolet888]

@@Call_Upon_YAH God doesn't exist. Do your research on all religions first before posting.

[@wouldyoureturntomonke2452]

@@Call_Upon_YAH Jesus saves who? monke?