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Knattleikr was an ancient ball game played by the Vikings of Iceland.
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Sources
Poetic Edda
Prose Edda
Heimskringla
Sagas of the Icelanders-Laxdaela Saga, Egils Saga, Gunnlaugs saga, Kroka refs saga, Svarfdæla saga, Gísla saga, Eyrbyggja saga
Grettis saga
Gesta Danorum, Saxo Grammaticus
Víglundar saga
Magnússona saga
Finnboga saga
Þorskfirðinga saga
Gull-Þóris saga
Grágás Law code
00:00- Intro
02:00- Sports
06:30- Training
09:00- Athletes
12:00- Status
16:00- Glima Wrestling
19:30- Knattleikr
23:00- Events
24:00- Conclusion
The game was probably similar to early versions of the Irish sport of hurling, which also dates to antiquity. The exact rules of Knattleikr are lost, but some information has survived from the Viking Age in Iceland (beginning around the 9th century). Players were divided into teams, each with a captain. The game demanded so much time that it was played from morning to night. It was a spectator game, with tournaments drawing huge crowds from all over Iceland. Gameplay involved a hardball being hit by a stick, although players could also use their hands. Body contact was allowed in the fight for the ball where the strongest had the best chance to win. Thus, intimidation was a vital ingredient; several wars of words have been recorded in the old sagas. There were penalties and a penalty box. Vikings engaged in running, swimming, tug-of-war called toga-honk and wrestling. Vikings also played a ball game with stick and ball. It wasn’t uncommon for someone to get hurt or even killed, as Vikings played rough. Women did not participate in these games, but they would gather to watch the men.