Viking Origins | The Genetic History of Northern Europe

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

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[@MilanTheMan69]

A single point mutation in the DNA near to the lactase gene changes the cytosine (C) nucleotide to a thymine (T). Individuals who have the thymine (T) nucleotide are lactose tolerant and can digest milk products in adulthood. This is very interesting, because every time large-scale disasters occur, it would be a trigger for natural selection that would benefit nomadic tribes, while agro-cultural would suffer ... Cattle would eat any grass and survive together with people capable of digesting milk ... while cereals would not thrive during that time ... we notice several big changes ... the last time something like that happened was during the "crisis of the sixth century" ... Volcanic eruption in Iceland if I'm not mistaken ...

[@philippa5004]

Glad to have found your channel in 2021. Will donate asap. Thx 🙏 Curious as to MS being called a Viking disease?

[@MickeyMouse-el5bk]

And now it is about being against nationalism... No nationalist denies the migration in those days, but the culture has to be dominat! That's what genetics are telling us, too

[@philippa5004]

@@MickeyMouse-el5bk the covid has thrown into stark relief the flaws in all oppressive structures & systems. Power to the people 🎶👍

[@mikenuzzo3323]

I thought ot was 560 AD to 860 AD ..??

[@petereriksson7166]

In Swedish we have a word for a coastal area that opens up for a boat to go in deeper inland, in the beginning, it is broad but the further in you go it narrows down and finally you reach the end. That is called a Vik. So a Viking could be somebody that travels by boat into a Vik for the purpose to find ways to make a profit or learn something new or build a new city or whatever positive endeavor. To find a new Vik.

[@darmil0138]

Some historians believe that "Viking" might mean "raider" , on a runstone it was written "to make a Viking" but nobody knows for sure . But people back then didn't call themselves Viking.

[@upstream1942]

@@darmil0138 What did they call themselves?

[@darmil0138]

@@upstream1942 Im not sure if that is known what they called themselfes but in Britain they were called Danes, in the East Rus.

[@曾志海-c4z]

@@upstream1942 they call themselves "we".

[@曾志海-c4z]

Swidish, Norwegians, Danish, who is more Scandinavian?

[@anotherelvis]

11:00 Nitpick: The island is called Zealand (Kattegat is the name of the sea that separates Denmark, Sweden and Norway)

[@djribz]

“Gat” probably is from «Gøta» or Goth, which are derived from Getae, the Dacii Getae tribe that also gave name to the Agean sea which were called the Ageatean sea.

[@nagihangot6133]

@@djribz I believe it comes from Jatts. Since there is a indo-Scythian and also Sarmatian connection to many European tribes.

[@nagihangot6133]

@@djribz Sakastan also = Saxon/Saksenn.

[@PerLowgren]

@Margareta Holmgren According to Wikipedia it's a Dutch name, and not a viking age word.

[@PerLowgren]

@@djribz You have Gotland, which is said to have been the ancestral home of the Goths. You also have Götaland. Both "Gotland" and "Götaland" means of course "Land of the Goths".

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

This was great ! He was trying not to offend any one but I wish I could speak to him so he could be completely truthful about the manifestation of those regions! Great video .

[@Valgef]

Can you elaborate?

[@jturtle5318]

Do you think he wasn't being truthful?

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

@@jturtle5318 I think he was being as truthful as possible to avoid reproach . Same as this COVID situation. Certain things you can say and certain things you can't .

[@MDE1992]

They spoke old Norse, which is very similar to modern day Icelandic, especially in grammar, and is the ancestor of Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. Their DNA is very close to modern Danes, North Dutch, Norwegians and also surprisingly to Irish people.

[@dorteweber3682]

why surprisingly? They founded Dublin. Siggtryg Silkeskjaegg was king of Dublin. Massive Viking presence there for generations. Also the vikings took slaves, among them many Irish, both men and women, and many spent the rest of their lives in Scandinavia.

[@bouzoukiman5000]

@@dorteweber3682 surprising to people that don't know anything. Have you read the comments here? All the trumpdummies are here

[@lisapinfold506]

Explains my irish/welsh/Norwegian dna

[@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505]

@@dorteweber3682 wouldn't the dna relations between vikings and celts be older than the viking era, considering both groups are indo Europeans from closely related celtic and norse nordic branches

[@dorteweber3682]

@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 interesting question. Let's backtrack a bit.Viking is a job description, not an ethnicity and certainly not a race. In the later viking era, there would have been people on those longships from all sorts of backgrounds, considering that the children of slaves could well be freed and participate fully in society. Pre-Christian Viking culture admired luck more than ancestry. They would follow a winner, regardless of who he was. Celt, according to some researchers, Koch, John (2005). Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. xix-xxi. , Celt is not an ethnicity or a race either, but a culture and a group of languages that spread across Europe some centuries before the Roman Empire. So if that is correct, and it is the more recent theory, then the ethnicity of Vikings and Celts is similar or related only to the extent all indo-European peoples are related. Some recent DNA studies in the British Isles suggest modern British people have DNA that goes back to before the Celts. It's all very interesting, but I think the question of relatedness of different European peoples is a difficult one to sort out

[@TacticalSquirrel]

Interesting video. I checked it out because my Y-DNA is a subclade of I1, I-Y6228, a Germanic haplogroup. My father's family was from West Prussia and Pommern before moving to the USA in the 1870s.

[@jturtle5318]

Which testing company did you use?

[@clarityforall]

I am also in haplogroup I1, I-Y70065 to be specific, tracing back thousand years ago to a Swedish man who was our paternal ancestor. I am Dutch and my autosomal dna is a mix of a lot of ethnicities including a little Amerindian. Guess we are al related and connected. Greetings from the Netherlands.

[@marchauchler1622]

It makes sense as West Prussia and Pommern being located along the Baltic Sea (which in later years was part of the Hanseatic league thus more mingling was involved primarilly inbetween Germanic, Slavic and Baltic tribes) was part of the predominant Viking realm

[@marchauchler1622]

I share some of the same geographic origins with you. My family moved from that area to Western Germany as Russia sieged/annexed this territory after WWII which was then shared between Poland and Russia.

[@galenbjorn443]

4:40 Having pictures of African-looking people as Scandinavians is truly wild. No one living in Scandinavia pre-history had any Sub-Saharan African DNA or close ancestors. If we are talking about the WHG that were the first migrants to Scandinavia, yes they had darker skin than the Scandinavians do today, but they were all blue-eyed, had straight hair, thin lips, and a European/Scandinavian face structure. We really need to let go of this neo-science shit. And the EHG that mixed with the WHG, were light hair and skin but dark eyes. So the SHG would look like an average Swede does today

[@JohnPritchard-hk9bs]

The misapplication of darker skin phenotypes meaning African, is getting really damn old. This guy and others like him must think it’s cool or something to insinuate Europe was settled by blacks.

[@Soqonaavere9774]

Because they were Fijians and modern day Papuans, Solomonians nd Vanuatuans of the west Pacific ,not Africans, as their(Vikings) petroglyphs, standing stone circles, pile of stones, serpent headed boats, standing stones nd original personal names directed their origin to the Fiji islands.

[@carinaekstrom1]

No African DNA? They were all Homo Sapiens that spread out of Africa, and most of them not so long ago either. Blue has never been the only eye color.

[@calandula4099]

@@Soqonaavere9774WHG's weren't related to Fijians and the other groups you mentioned

[@Soqonaavere9774]

@calandula4099 you don't know anything about how people settled the earth.

[@artpsych71]

I had trouble hear Razib clearly-due to his audio, as well as his speaking too fast. Thank you for this information. Very interesting.

[@tyme2boggie]

Concur

[@The_Crucible714]

Seems like Razib needs an upgrade in his audio recording tech and a short, online course in presentation skills. I had to back up several times to understand him. The content however was quite good

[@brandyseymour2985]

You have a great channel on early and middle history. You also have quite the radio voice. I am enjoying your channel.

[@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449]

Thank you so much Brandy, your comment has truly made my night! I hope that you enjoy our upcoming episodes!

[@dianalynn6899]

This is very interesting. Could you please slow down a little bit and annunciate? I am having trouble understanding you.

[@charlesb5333]

I agree. He needs to learn to talk for this kind of presentation

[@moosa9850]

I comprehend, his just that excited guy, who loves what he does

[@kriss1956]

Very well explained and more easily understood than most videos I've watched on the subject.

[@susanwozniak6354]

There are people of predominately Polish origin who have trace amounts of Swedish ancestry. It makes sense because not too long before the Norman Conquest, the kings of Norway, Sweden and Denmark and the Grand Duke of the Poles former an alliance. Then, later on, around the 18th C, Sweden attacked the Poles repeatedly. With soldiers present, new babies often follow.

[@uan9166]

I am Polish and have Swedish genes and haplogroup most probably from Gotland.

[@Claude_van]

Poland was Germanic before the Migration Period. It became re-Germanized in the German East settlement. Needless to say everyone is related to everyone at our continent. And we all like beer.🍻

[@javierdussel3704]

It seems to me that Razib Khan relativizes everything with little seriousness and prejudice. There are many and very good genetic studies on the evolution of the genetic integrations of these peoples at each stage of history. The Scandinavians in the early Viking Age had more than 90% shared genetic ancestry between the ancient hunter-gatherers and the more recently arrived steppes pastoralists.

[@infowarriorone]

Love this stuff, using DNA as a time machine to understand Human origins and early migrations. In other words, how Humanity came to be what it is today.

[@bouzoukiman5000]

Dna evidence is weak

[@whathell6t]

@@bouzoukiman5000 Are you being serious or joking?

[@Lee-sd8uo]

too bad it's all bs.

[@whathell6t]

@@Lee-sd8uo What about you. Are you being serious or joking?

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@whathell6t if I sent a link, it'd just get deleted lol. These "anthologists" don't want their theory getting debunked, they'd rather cling onto the ILLUSION that humans originated in Africa instead of being more open minded and coming to a conclusion that non-Africans originated in the places where they live now.

[@paul6925]

Great info! Only a minor suggestion. Can you convince Khan to use a better background? It’s so distracting with the lores camera and bad clipping that leaves white around his headphones. (Ok so I’m a graphic designer so I can’t stop fixating on it 😂)

[@mehmetkurtkaya3106]

Nice video and important genetics Info from Razib Khan mentioning most recent papers. This is important because history now has a new dimension shedding light on migration and mixing of people in ancient times. İ had written that history of civilization is the history of the migration and mixing of the people. İndigineous civilizations and languages also interact and/or mix as well.

[@West-rn-showvn-ist-chick]

This kid is AMAZINGLY INTERESTING! He absolutely knows his stuff!

[@TeutobergForestryService]

They didn’t have dark skin. They had genes which coded for dark skin. They also had genes which coded for light skin. They wuz not kangz.

[@KingOfCorgis339]

I see them as farmers, explorers, and settlers trying to support themselves and their families. They could be aggressive but that doesn't mean that's all they were. They were also spiritual, intellectual, practical, and passionate. They had their good traits and their bad; their accomplishments and failures.

[@t.r.1708]

I’m glad he mentioned that there would naturally be a bias. The stereotypes just get worse!

[@joshualaster9779]

Lol..... u really think history is as easy as you just laid it out.... no....

[@Msthinksheknowsitall]

You can't not farm much in the 🥶

[@billfarley9167]

The lecturer should slow down his speech pattern and speak more precisely to become a better lecturer.

[@fherlinn]

He is probably not use to speaking. He sounds a little nervous. But he still did a good job and had a lot of interesting information. I really enjoyed it.

[@hansdekraker1972]

Everybody is unique and has their way. It worked for me.

[@bouzoukiman5000]

Why? Listen a bit closer!

[@silviac221]

I agree. Lots of info delivered too fast is hard to process. And the maps are a good idea, but they aren' t shown long enough to read all they say. This isn't for specialists, it's dissemination; the lecturer and the rest of the team should know better.

[@bioliv1]

Yeah, I'm a Norwegian and understands very little:-/

[@Wedontbase]

Where is the list of all the music tracks for the video? I need to know what this music is.

[@hugodesrosiers-plaisance3156]

Solid, great stuff. Always cool to see Dr Khan.

[@jcastle614]

Excellent presentation!! Very interesting. One of the best yet.

[@e_monkey_01]

The origins of the word Vík -ingur (told in short ) originally was a name of a place/sea in Norway (modern day Oslófjörður) and simply means a person that comes from Vík. (It also came to mean men hinding in vík to attack ships that passed by to rob them and then evolved even further taking on a even the wider meaningn of piracy/raiding). Great comments on the Rigveda and fits with all that I was taught as a child about our origins and our ancestors like Óðinn migrating from "India" "a great migration that took a long time" mixing/battle's of "tribes/classes" Jötnar, Vanir and Æsir/Asura(Sanskrit) there are things written in the Rigveda that support the myth and also in our "folklore" and saga's. I'm a native Icelander (47) and this is something I was taught by my grandparents so the myth persists into the modern day.

[@tintin8602]

There are many theories about the meaning of vikingr. People from Vik, or Viken, were never called vikingr or vikings, but vikverir or vikverjar, which does not mean the same. Also, the original Viken included areas in Denmark (Skagerrak) , Norway (Oslofjorden) and Sweden (Bohuslen). In 2017 our politicians decided to merge Akershus, Buskerud, Østfold and Svelvik commune, which used to belong to Vestfold, into one county, which they called Viken. no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viken_(fylke)

[@e_monkey_01]

@@tintin8602 thanks for the response. You seem to have misunderstood what I wrote. I'm a native Icelander (I also happen to speak all the Scandinavian languages including Danish and German). There are not many theories at least not among scholar's. The Anglo Saxon word "WIC" was for a time believed to be associated with "Vík-ingur" ( WIC beeing the word the Anglo-Saxons used to describe the (war)camps of the Norsemen). There are many places in both Scandinavia and Iceland named "Vík (ie Víkin or Viken)" I live in one for example. But that wasn't my point. The word "Víkingur" firts appers in Anglo Saxon manuscripts before the year 800. And it has been found on rune stones in both Sweden and Denmark. Víkingur or Víkingr same word the "u" and other letters are often skipped in the Icelandic manuscripts to safe space (skin was expensive as was papirus) the pronunciation is the same. Víkverji - Vík-verji (The root of the word verji = verja - meaning to defend)

[@tintin8602]

@@e_monkey_01 I enterpreted your comment as if you meant that all vikings came from Oslofjorden, which of course isn't correct. I have read that the scholars don't agree on what vikingr means. In my mind as I am native Norwegian and speak this dialect in the West that wasn't influenced by Danish or Swedish, at least far from that much as the dialects in the East were (and the North - because it was forced on the people there), I understand these words like verja/verje. I know that it means to defend. We still use these words. In the East the dialects have been changed so much that very often they don't understand us. Even though we westerners suspect them of not bothering to understand us, cause they're "better" than us 😉 I understand much of the words they speak the Orkney Islands, Shetland and Iceland, because it's so close to our dialect. I had an Icelandic boyfriend. He had never heard of my dialect, he had only heard of the Eastern dialects. He had been living in Oslo many years ago. When he spoke Icelandic slowly I understood very much. When I spoke my dialect he would often say "oh, we have the exact word in Iceland!" Or "you sound like an Icelandic!" When we say where we come from, we have the ending -ing. Like nordfjording, sunnfjording or sogning. Like in viking. And of course, as you say, there are so many bays or vik(s) all over, not just Viken, which has come to be the name of the areas surrounding the Oslofjord and much more. So in my head the word viking "should" mean that you come from a vik or a bay, because that is still how we use this ending -ing. But I have read that the scholars have different opinions about this. So I listen to the scholars, because they are supposed to know, right. But maybe the scholars have agreed now about the meaning, without me being updated on their agreement.

[@tintin8602]

I hope that you read the source references to my first comment as you say that you speak Norwegian. It describes that people from this spesific place, Viken, were called vikverir or vikverjar. There is also a "viking group" from Viken who call themselves "Vikverir", meaning they are from Viken. It's very easy to misunderstand each-other when writing. I hope that I have understood you correctly now and that you understand me.

[@tintin8602]

Even though "verja" means to defend, I want to be careful about saying that "vikverjar" means someone who is defending a bay, presumely this spesific bay called Viken. Maybe they used the word "vikverjar" in those days about someone coming from Viken, as the text says. Naming them Vikingr is not correct though, because that means "viking", and vikings came from many places in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland. I hope I'm not seeming to strive to be too "precise" about this. But I like things to be correct. Therefore I'm also sceptic to many of the things mr Kahn is talking about, including this dark skin colour, which no-one actually knows. No-one knows because the scientists don't have the aquipment to find out. And he should know that. Overall I think he is presuming a lot. I would like to know where he takes his information from. It's not mentioned. That is not good when you call yourself a "study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages". Please feel free to comment me if you disagree or want to add something. And likewise, thank you for your answer.

[@meadbert]

David Reich's book claimed that Yamnaya -> Corded Ware -> Bell Beaker but what doesn't make sense is that Yamnaya and Bell Beaker and R1b while Corded Ware was R1a. What are other explanations for why Yamnaya and Bell Beaker are R1b and why Corded Ware is so closely related when looking at autosomal dna.

[@jasonmuniz-contreras6630]

Early Corded Ware was predominantly R1b L23.

[@maeveofthelongbows9552]

Hmm, your images are of mainly dark haired dark skinned people as the topic is of predominantly fair skinned blonde northern Europeans.

[@bouzoukiman5000]

Every account i read and pictures of northerners were dark or red haired. 30 generations we all had hundreds of thousand if not millions of great grandparents. Dna test can't even tell us what/who those people were

[@DucDNA]

It's the new thing now to start with a narrative and work backwards to support it, ignoring any evidence that refutes it no matter how overwhelming that evidence might be. We are now being told that Stone Hinge was built by Sub-Saharan Africans, along with almost every other stone monolith in Europe and the rest of the world. They claim a sudden mutation turned all of Europe from black Africans into white Europeans in relatively short time. The goal of theirs is to take away all credit of any accomplishments, ancient or otherwise, from Europeans and give it to Sub-Saharan Africans.

[@oldtommorris5502]

Im 100% scandanavian from USA. Had 2 genetic tests done. Have dark brown hair and many of relatives in norway do too. Good point though. Because r1B r1A came from north of black Sea, and before that from western Asia n central Asia.

[@elizabethelias1005]

@@DucDNA not completely true. It's said that the original Europeans were more Middle Eastern in skin tone, not sub-Saharan African. Darker skin and light eyes. Because of the colder darker weather, their skin lightened (some evolution occurs because of adaptations to climate). I do however agree that it seems as though the narrative is to give credit for everything to Sub-Saharan Africans these days.

[@Lee-sd8uo]

They're not dark lol

[@Ludohistory]

This was fabulous - it's cool to hear about the current work from someone who understands the process as well as the conclusions. I do admit, as a literary historian of the saga period, I'm a bit worried about the claim at the very end, of monstrosity as a cultural memory of genetically different peoples. That runs the risk of completely eliding the ways that monstrosity develops and shifts rapidly within a given culture, as cultural concerns shift, and all the recent work on monstrosity in a specifically Viking context (the main two names I'd drop here are Rebecca Merkelbach and Arngrimur Vidalin, who both do magnificent work on social monstrosity, racial alterity, and more in the sagas).

[@KF-kx2zx]

So we just not going to mention this dudes mic rig appearing and disappearing? He is a damn wizard.

[@MDE1992]

A Viking they examined in Odense, Denmark from 1250 A.D. was related to below modern populations (the lower the figure the more related): 1. Irish (5.189) 2. Danish (5.203) 3. Southeast_English (5.323) 4. North_Dutch (5.617) 5. West_Scottish (5.639) 6. Southwest_English (5.706) 7. North_German (5.895) 8. Welsh (7.628)

[@takfam07]

Too much gratuitous Negroid imagery. It was highly unlikely that their out-of-Africa ancestors arrived in Eurasia 100,000+ years ago and retained tropical morphologies and phenotypes (black skin, kinky hair, facial prognathism) for another 60,000 years--while surviving in Pleistocene (Ice Age) Eurasia. Much of the continent was covered in glaciers and ice sheets. Genetic evidence shows that the OOA ancestors began interbreeding with cold-adapted Neandertals beginning 100,000 years ago, which was soon after arriving on the Eurasian continent. Which would have only accelerated their evolutionary metamorphosis towards Caucasoid phenotypes and morphologies. I'd suggest freeing the narrative of obligatory "black inclusion" and strive instead for biological plausibility.

[@sherrykunkle1776]

was going to listen but I know where we can from and even down to the faith that translates back to Japeth --- I am the 23 rd of the generation of Thorfinn and also Harald the bluetooth

[@nowaout8014]

nick, do you have any good links for ancient italian/sicilian dna studies? thanks Nw0

[@sissy-_-fnyc]

You there are like a grey cat, truly all the colors! I'm so fascinated with early human history and the Mediterranean cultures and wars.

[@燕北山前萬梅山莊主人]

The Romans looked at the Franks as barbarians, the Franks looked at the Saxons as barbarians, and the Saxons looked at the Vikings as barbarians.

[@4further.information]

Bullshit, Widukind the Saxon leader in the Saxon wars against Charlemagne sought refuge in Denmark and married the Danish kings daughter. Wikipedia has the basics on this.

[@燕北山前萬梅山莊主人]

@@4further.information Your post substantiates my proposition.

[@johngavin1175]

I read that the Battle Axe culture spoke proto Germanic,and that supposedly Germanic has a non IE substrate. Could that have come from the Funnelbeakers or the Pitted Ware people? The Battle Axe derived mostly from Corded Ware,which were mostly IE speakers descended from the Yamnaya,that's how I see it. Watching Dan Davis helped me learn more about the pre IE people of Scandinavia. Good vid man.

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

The way I have understood it, the proto germanic language must have come with the Battle Axe culture, considering that it is indoeuropean in nature. The Pitted Ware culture, however, was not (as far as I am aware). The meeting of the two cultures have even been preserved in Norse mythology, with the Aesir (indoeuropean sky gods) waging war with the Vanir gods, before ending it in a peace treaty and hostage exchange. A similar event can be seen in the Olympians overthrowing the Titans in Greece.

[@johngavin1175]

@@torbjornlekberg7756 Would the non Indo European words in Germanic would have come from the Funnelbeakers then,in your opinion?

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

@@johngavin1175 I am uncertain, as I was under the impression that the Germanic language group was an off-shot from indoeuropean. Then again, cultural development (such as language) is usually more complex than we would like to think, with influences of varying degree from different directions. The development of language is not my focus of study, merely something I learned about in its cultural context.

[@xanv8051]

Y'all are the more rational pie folk I've read any links to learn about this it's kinda difficult cause the information is scattered and people like to make fan fictions of these culture it makes me cringe 😬😬😬

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

@@xanv8051 Pie folk? What does that mean? If you know how to do proper research, the information is not that difficult to find. A visit to the closest university library, or just using Google Scholar, will go a long way. What you see in my comments here are things that I have learned that way, or educated guesses based on that knowledge. If that makes you cringe, then you must not have experience of the humanist sciences.

[@robertprice5039]

I am one of those results of those Finns spreading their seed. My father's father's family was from what is now the Polish/Lithuanian/Russian Border Region and the my YDNA Haplogroup is most likely N-M2783.

[@曾志海-c4z]

Finns leave to spread?

[@SS-qo3nt]

And yet you haven't said how you got the Welsh surname of Price.

[@robertprice5039]

It was "Preis" which was most likely "Prus" for Prussian a little farther back.

[@MelissaThompson432]

Yes, the noun is "vikingr" and it's more of a job description than an ethnic designation.

[@TacticalSquirrel]

Yes, but a profession of the northern Germanic tribes.

[@joannnelson9847]

Please bring Mr Kahn in again!!!! One of the clearest explanations of genetics of Northern Europe!!!!!

[@Paulashfordpoems]

A really interesting topic. It's great how more and more knowledge becomes available with modern Science. Thanks for posting these great videos.

[@thomassmestead2801]

"Viking" is more descriptive of a lifeway, or a culture, than descriptive of a certain ethnicity. The Viking Age necessarily brought about a lot of genetic transference. Viking meant not only raiding, but widespread trading by way of the seas. But the principal, baseline population of Scandinavia in that age, were farmers, rather than raiders, or traders. It was a very stratified social matrix.

[@metalmindedmaniax]

Vikings aren’t a race the term is associated with sea faring people such as pirates raiders they were farmers, hunters, fisherman, black smiths from Scandinavia even Ireland and Scotland and they have relatives from the Celtic tribes as well as the Normans from Normandy they are also related to The Germanic tribes I bet they all have relatives to the Slavic and Baltic peoples. It all boils down to we all have a common ancestor stemming from microbial life before mankind lived and named it

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

I must congratulate you on being so well read, Khan. Far too often I encounter long outdated information or purely made up nonsense (usually of the nazistic or just xenophobic variety) on KZbin, when this topic is concerned. Razib, however, is clearly a scientist in the true meaning of the word.

[@曾志海-c4z]

DAVID REICH & KHAN ,who is more superior?

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

@@曾志海-c4z Im not all that familiar with David Reich, so cant really make a comment on that. All I can say is that Khan clearly knows his stuff.

[@kevinmaxwell9539]

I am fairly confident that Scotland’s Clan Maxwell can trace its origins to Ivar the Boneless, and perhaps, Ragnar Lodbrok, who I believe is actually real. There has to be some truth within the Icelandic Sagas, no matter how embellished they may be.

[@jturtle5318]

The Norse raiders referred to as the sons of Ragnar "Hairy Britches" Sigurdsson certainly existed, whether they were brothers isn't certain, and some stories of their exploits may have been attributed to Ragnar. I haven't found any references to Ivar Ragnarsson having children, and I suspect that this could explain his nickname. The Norse were savages with the nicknames, just ask my great-grandfather Harm-Fart. Norse teen girls were probably savage even by Norse standards. He did apparently found Dublin.

[@kevinmaxwell9539]

@@jturtle5318 the founder of our clan was Maccus De Norseman. His father was Undewyn De Norseman. You can trace them back to the kings of Dublin and York.

[@mrslindsay]

I'm a Maxwell living in America 🇺🇸 my family came over in the early 1700s. Ty for the info. Cheers 🎉

[@tj1947]

R1 appears to be warrior DNA. What would I1A be? (in general)

[@dirksharp9876]

I1 only started to pick up momentum in the Battle Axe Culture that R1a carriers brought into Scandinavia. But more so I1 became more dominant in the region during the Nordic Bronze Age. No one knows for sure how I1 became Nordic exactly, but they are likely ultimately descended from Western Gravettians > Western Euro Hunter Gatherers, and R1a/R1b ultimately from ANE > Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers.

[@jasonmuniz-contreras6630]

@@dirksharp9876 has any R1b been found in Battle Axe sites?

[@dirksharp9876]

@@jasonmuniz-contreras6630 Yes, iirc there was even a R1b-u106 find from the Battle Axe period. U106 is the most common clade of R1b among Germanic peoples. Not sure if he was ancestral to modern U106 but it's doubtful because he appears to not have been in a high-status burial, possibly an execution or sacrifice. Most R1b appears to have come in the region many centuries after R1a became very dominant there and most elite burials were R1a until another culture emerged, likely beaker-descended and overwhelmingly R1b as well. For some reason they actually lost the technological ability to make their bronze axes in many cases but they still shaped their stone axes as if they were coming out of bronze molds, which is different to say the least. This regression quickly led to the neolithic dagger period where I1 had the last major founder effect in the region and very quickly they emerged as a new single culture in the Nordic bronze age-proper (as far as archeologists are concerned).

[@jasonmuniz-contreras6630]

@@dirksharp9876 so if you had to make a good guess, which population brought the language that would eventually become Proto-Germanic? The population high in R1b or the one high in R1a?

[@dirksharp9876]

@@jasonmuniz-contreras6630 in short, definitely the R1b-dominant population. Chances are there were multiple Germanic parent languages, which include at least 2 Indo-European languages (possibly 3) and no one knows what the I1 carriers spoke but it's safe to assume it was IE with a significant pre-IE substrate. This is similar to how the Greek language developed, there was this Minoan pre-IE substrate that contributed to the IE Mycenaean language and eventually Greek. Modern linguists don't really use Centum vs Satem languages as much but traditionally Germanic is considered a centum language like Celtic and Latin language families which are of course R1b-dominated populations. Satem languages came from a different branch of the Corded Ware Culture and mostly R1a, so like Slavic and Iranic/Scythian languages. And there are strong hints of it in the reconstructed proto-Germanic language. Which is this really beautiful language imo, very different from say modern Danish or Dutch, etc. Tolkien would have liked it, he really loved Gothic (sounds kinda badass actually) which was the most similar language to proto-Germanic.

[@fredriks5090]

Being a "Viking" throughout history is about as set in stone as being an "American" is today. There would be a central stock of "first settlers" which the mythology supports with Aesir, Vanir and Jotun, - but after this initial trilateral meeting there would come many waves of integration and interaction. One parallell would be how "slavic" people gave name to "slaves", and how african-americans gave name to "Blacks", but both Slavs and African-americans are considered stock citizens from some arbitrary point and onward.

[@blanketparty5259]

I boil it down to European at the end of the day. Blacks are Americans in the citizen sense. But they are not the founding stock, which were European.

[@renatodieke5356]

@@blanketparty5259 dont forget to tell that where Germanic European ;)

[@blanketparty5259]

@@renatodieke5356 Sure you could say that. But we aren't much different from slavs.

[@renatodieke5356]

@@blanketparty5259 yeah we are we didn't get captured haha Xd

[@renatodieke5356]

@@blanketparty5259 plus we inherrit the earth from the romanse

[@RobinHood-tw4se]

But how did they train their dragons?

[@HenrikGahmberg]

It's not Battle Axe people! In Swedish we talk about "båtyxekulturen", in English "Boat Axe Culture"! But interesting video.

[@thegroovee]

“It all goes back to the Bronze Age. Ask Eric Cline.” 🤣 😂 😆

[@Alex_Plante]

It's so refreshing to have Razib Khan as guest because he's free of all the race neuroticism you get from White Americans, he's not afraid to say things in a straightforward and direct manner. What is fascinating about Northern Europeans is that, although their ancestry is made up of rather dark-skinned ancient Europeans, and of people who came in from the Middle-East, and of people who came from Central Asia, there was also a tremendous amount of evolution-in-place, and the typical Nordic phenotype that you see today is a result of surprisingly recent evolution, probably because Scandinavia is the northernmost limit of agriculture on planet Earth and the people had to survive eating diets made up mainly of starchy plant products and living in areas with very low levels of sunlight.

[@carlsiren]

When I did a DNA-test I got 60% Swedish and 40% Finnish hit. When investigating further I found that my first historical match was in Sweden 2500 BC. So I have a pretty good Viking lineage 😎 About the gene flow. Women very seldom traveled over seas, however men did. Also, love how folks always try to underline that ”Viking is not a genetically trait”. Yeah, sure - but all vikings were Scandinavian. But whatever floats your boat.

[@nara808]

Razib lools like cheddar man... lol, GREAT VIDEO

[@paul6925]

Minus the cool Paleolithic mullet though

[@adventussaxonum448]

Looks like what they want you to think Cheddar Man looked like. He probably looked like a darker Spanish type.

[@nara808]

@@adventussaxonum448 Facts

[@paul6925]

@@adventussaxonum448 Well his genes didn’t code for brown eyes or the lighter skin types that came later. But yea the art and a lot of reconstructions are partly subjective

[@bouzoukiman5000]

@@adventussaxonum448 i'm sure scholars don't know sh!t, but you do! You are amazing with your daydream speculation

[@rohanwilkinson1021]

The naturalist Charles Robert Darwin did a study on the brain of one of my viking relatives and found out that our brain is directly related to Italians who like Vikings come from ancient native Europeans known as Neaderthals where they say the Viking disease comes from. The Neaderthals gene is dominant in North Europe and Italy and Asia.

[@annarowden9457]

My DNA showed from Iceland to Russia with 1% Italian. I thought that was odd that 1%. Neanderthal was also presented. You just solved that question.

[@juanparacchini4772]

Rurik was called a "varangian" a Greek identity name reffering to non Christian Scandinavians...(Especially from sweden). The rurik dynasty ancestor was clearly a viking. But they intermarried with indigenous women, and then took up christianity. And the Rus commoners where likely a mixture of ethnic groups, most of whom where slavs.

[@AquariumRuss]

Nations have been waging wars for the Green Plains for centuries. but never in history has there been a single war for Lifeless Mountains or Icy Fjords. no one ended up in such places of their own free will. They are Outcasts, driven from the Fertile Plain by their Kind Neighbors. and, following his (typically Scandinavian) craft, the Outcast acquired an unbearable smell of Sad Fish for the inhabitants of the Green Valleys, which excluded the possibility of his reproduction outside the Ice Fjords. someone very harshly mocked the Germans, slipping them a Viking as a hero. the Albanians were also subjected to the same mockery, who were given Skanderbeg as a Hero - a coward, a deserter and a double traitor. Scandinavia is a medieval "Cock's Corner" for the Untouchable Caste, and you thought it was "A Cradle for the Rulers of the Green Plains"? point your finger, where's your Head? No, Baby, it's an Ass!

[@end0skeleton404]

Love right out the gate how the guy states, Viking is more a activity, a lifestyle, not all nordic people were like them.

[@newenglandgreenman]

A lot of what can’t otherwise be explained (why blond hair has become more common in the region, why a Siberian Y chromosome predominates in Finland) can be explained by sexual selection (men’s preference for blond women, the ability of conquering male Finns to attract more women due to their power or prestige post-conquest).

[@bouzoukiman5000]

Those men wouldn't have tried to attract Fin women. They would have taken them.

[@marcopony1897]

They became gradually over 3000 years blonder. Why would they have the same sexual preferences over 3000 years and why would it be the only region where it is so?

[@Ihavemessageforyou]

Blondes and ve4y light skin is more of a DNA condition, called albinism.

[@veronicajensen7690]

because the blond hair came from the eastern hunter gatherer who spread in Scandinavia and the Baltic , the eastern hunter gathers came in blond, brown and dark hair all of them had pale skin, the western hunter gatherer had slightly darker (olive) skin and blue eyes @@marcopony1897

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

Very informative I enjoyed this video alot thanks for the work.

[@jeremygaynor2410]

Milk digestion… lighter weight …thinner frames…no known reason for the fairing effect…Norse Gaels … usually mitochondrial gael + Y chromosome Norse .. Vik culture/practice not necessarily genetic .. he’s a good historian geneticist.

[@troyingram716]

Are battle axe people different from Saxons?

[@olgased4161]

I love this channel, but I cannot listen to this guy even with 0.75 speed. Pity, I am most interested in the subject. My "like" is for Nick.

[@trjberg]

I have difficulties follow and understand Razib Khan partly because of the speed he is talking, partly because he seems to swallow parts of words and also because of the lacking sound quality. This is dissapointing for me as I lost many important fact by this. (Tried to repeat those parts but no luck.)

[@michaels4255]

William the Conqueror's mother (Herleva, a Germanic name): late one night I found a genealogy that traced Herleva's four grandparents, by name, back to Sweden. Unfortunately, I neglected to save the site before I went to sleep at some terribly early hour of the morning and I have never been able to find it again.

[@JoanMaddie]

Very interesting. Thank you.

[@stephenelberfeld8175]

Historians seem to ignore the existence of "Hun DNA" in modern Swedes, and the finds of Roman artifacts in Scandinavian archeological sites. The concept that the Ostrogoths were conquered by the Huns, creating a mixed nobility, prior to thier expansion into the Roman Empire would lead to the conclusion that the officers that became part of the Roman Cavalry may have become part of a mixed returning population to Scandinavia after their usefulness ended.

[@BuriTheKing]

You are on the right track. They ignore it on purpose because it would be a shame for Vikings to have Turkic and Anatolian ancestry. But it’s the truth.

[@soniastarmorales8013]

Scandinavian Vikings traveled everywhere & its about time scientists talk about the Vikings' trips into the Meditaranean. Is there a Phoenician connection? Were the Sea Peoples of Scandinavian origins who brought about the Bronze Age collapse?

[@clinton5330]

​@@BuriTheKing😂 they didn't.

[@f.n8581]

⁠@@BuriTheKingNo it’s not the truth lol The Swedish Vikings just hadAsian ( probably Turks ) female slaves and mixed with them !! And the old Turkic people in the 8 and 9 Century have nothing to do with Anatolians !!

[@jamesf.9079]

In my mind the blue eye ppl were the hunter gatherers in western Europe that got mostly pushed out by the brown eye farmers I dont know why i think that but some teacher said it at some point and it stuck

[@dirksharp9876]

There likely weren't that many to push out, they were Hunter-Gatherers and lived in symbiosis with nature. When the farmers came, there is evidence of violence but I'd imagine it was a similar story like what happened in the Americas -- the farmers carried many pathogens with them and their culture, most of the WHG who died likely died from this.

[@johnpatrick5307]

James F, Blue eyes came from the Indo Europeans and is a characteristic of Northern Europe. Interestingly, the British were re-colonised by Middle Eastern farmers, from France, about 1000BC. It is thought that they brought P Celtic language with them. It explains why the British are so dark featured.

[@clovebeans713]

@@johnpatrick5307 Actually blues eyes and light hair was common among funnel beaker culture (distant cousins of IE through Eastern Europe hunter gathers) in Northern Germany and Scandinavia before the Indo-Europeans arrived, Darker hair and eyes was common among Yamnya/ Indo-Europeans, though the genes for blue eyes and light hair did come from somewhere in the steppes it's frequency and intensity was less until population moved more north. Indo-Europeans are an admixture resulting from interbreeding of Eastern European Hunter-gathers/EGH (ancestors of funnel beaker culture) and Southern Caucasian/ Middle Eastern Hunter-gathers who were darker than EHG. The genes for fore light hair and blond hair probably came from EHG living in steppes of Eurasia. Basically the IE migration/invasion into Scandinavia made them less blonde and light featured if anything.

[@johnpatrick5307]

@@clovebeans713 The Irish (along with the Icelanders) have the highest Indo-European (Aryan) percentage in Europe! - see: Son of Mona.

[@johnpatrick5307]

CORRECTION!: See: Son of Manu (video section).

[@ajeetgautam3962]

Please read dasarjana story in Vedas, where it is said eupoean tribes were indigenous to India and been thrown out of country by then king sodas.

[@icebox_Intruder]

Ive heard a lot of the pagan / heathen practices / gods, etc back then were closely related to or even associated with Hinduism.

[@ajeetgautam3962]

@@icebox_Intruder yes ancestors of Europeans were tribals and were not civilized enough to keep practices intact that's why there beliefs diluted with time and the harsh conditions in Europe made them leave agriculture and start again with hunter gatherer lifestyle.

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@ajeetgautam3962 No, European tribes were not indigenous to India, nor are Indians the ancestors of Europeans. However, both populations appear to share a common ancestor in the Indo-European people. There is linguistic evidence due to the similarity between Sanskrit and the European languages. There is obviously the similarity between the Hindu gods and the Ancient European pantheons as well. But Norse/Scandinavian paganism originated from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon. Over time they evolved into the Norse gods. These Indo-Europeans domesticated the horse and used chariots to conquer lands for themselves. They spread West into Europe and Anatolia and East into Iran and India. This is what’s known as the 'Aryan Invasion' theory which Indian nationalists absolutely hate because they think it is British imperialism but the theory states that the same people conquered Britain as well, not that they were Ancient Britons who conquered India. It is from this common ancestor that the European and Indian populations descend and this is why there are similarities between the civilisations. Of course, the similarities in physical appearance are more obvious in Northern India than Southern India.

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@ajeetgautam3962 India is not the Homeland of Indo-Europeans, it's Eastern Europe. They were a mix of Eastern European hunter-gatherers and people from the Caucasus Mountains (Caucasus hunter-gatherers).

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@ajeetgautam3962 and I'm sure they had some Scandinavian hunter-gatherer ancestry as well.

[@tdwagner1]

Hmmm so DNA is not really going to solve the question of where did we come from?! I love Mr. Khan's way of explaining hey, did these people live in isolated areas or intermixed, diluting DNA...very intriguing.

[@Thekoryosmenstribepodcast]

Our great warrior 🪓Ancestors 🪓 hail to them.

[@rickchilders3826]

Interesting but would be nice to connect the different people to DNA haplogroups

[@EthanCole15]

My father is around 30% "Scandinavian" tho none of our ancestors can be found in that region, so Ive just always assumed it was a result of Viking invasions of Britain.

[@mikaelrehnstrand8101]

Interesting. From what region is your father ?

[@EthanCole15]

The Arnolds came to modern U.S shortly after Jamestown was established. They are descendants of Welsh "Princes" I think the ancestry is from Ynir King of Gwent.

[@SimpleMinded221]

What's your ydna and its specific mutation? Mine is I1a but its a denmark viking variant. My paternal ancestors of recent history is north west Germany.

[@cryptolicious3738]

fantastic , more please on the 40kya to 12kya . european cromagnon went out everywhere no?

[@lesliefranklin1870]

In Finnish, a Finnish person is called "Suomi". The word "suo" means "swamp" in English. It's possible the Swedish ancestors did not want to invade Finland so much was because of the swamps. And that could be a reason for the genetic disparity. However, there was a famous Viking raid (Battle at Herdaler) on Finland. It didn't work out so well for the Vikings.

[@jakkeledin4645]

They could not win Finns. They tried 5 time. Couple hundred Finns kill their bigger army. Last Viking trip come to Finland and they looses again very badly.

[@lesliefranklin1870]

@@Bigpapiofficial933 During the Viking era, Sweden did not exist. However, Swedish ancestors did. (Of course, Finland did not exist at that time either.)

[@frankschmidt2303]

@@lesliefranklin1870 Sweden= Svitjod

[@iansinclair6254]

I notice no mention of mutation gene in your expert review on Viking history are they humans

[@chraffis]

0:19 - Man. You're really pulling out all the stops. Hiring Jack Black couldn't have been cheap!

[@alexsveles343]

It is clear that all north EuropeNs decend from the early Scythians…that’s especially true for germanic-Slavic-Baltic people….But broader all of norther Europeans….Southern Europeans are a bit darker.Especially the Greek and Roman parts…..Southern Europeans are devided into Greek and Roman and Northern Europeans into Nordic and Borealic

[@BigRedRaider]

M253 is in it's highest density in Sweden. The second being Finland. We're not that different.

[@GenuinelyCurious120]

Does anyone have any suggestions for good books about Norse mythology?

[@antspunning6797]

Finnish, estonians, hungarians have own language group fenno-ugric, how this Khan dude doest know that?

[@Ihavemessageforyou]

He's not a linguists, lol. 😅

[@tedstrong3990]

Got my sub my dudes 100% here

[@kaarlimakela3413]

This is all pretty exciting from my POV. Recent DNA testing of family members revealed a surprise Finnish connection on Mom's side! Before this it was thought it was just Dad who was Finnish, and he married in. So my Mom's father's people hail from the sweet spot between Belarus, on up ... from Kiev north, you'll hit Finland eventually. No need for longboats, it was skis and mucluks lol ...I don't know, but I'd like to ... I never asked I don't think. How about Finland itself? Haven't found a copious volume of info yet. 🤔

[@billfarley9167]

Got my DNA checked (Father's side) and found we originated from Ethiopia about 25,000 BC, started emigrating northward and settled in the area now known as Serbia, stayed about 3,000 years and started moving again as the ice cap receded. Moved in a NW by north direction and slowly ended up in Denmark. Remained for a few thousand years and then ended up in Ireland. That's all I know.

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@billfarley9167 originated from Ethiopia? You may wanna recheck that lol. There were two migrations after the 'ice age'. West European hunter gatherers from Eurasia came in from the South. And Eastern hunter gatherers from North Eurasia came in from the Northeast. And they met by the coast of Norway and formed the earliest Scandinavian population. Haplo group N is strongest in Finns via ongoing migrations, and I is strongest in Scandinavians. Then Anatolian farmers came, followed by Indo-Europeans from the steppes. They also brought some Asian Q, which is found in Scandinavians and Anglo and Viking settlements - a distant offspring from native Americans. While Sami share some ancestry with Yakutsk and Berber people via a South European ice age refuge. I can assure you that your people did not originate from Ethiopia. The Danes lived in East Denmark in the 500s,separated from the Norwegians and Swedes by Geats and Gutnish people. When the Jutes migrated to Britain in the agricultural collapse of 550, the Danes moved in over Jutland and deserted Angeln and founded the Danish Marches, Danevirke and Hedeby there. On the Jelling Stone it says that they came from the East, ND after that they conquered Scania. In the Viking Age, all Norse people were called Danes or Norsemen, and the Norse language was called Danish Tongue. Those who went East to Greece were called Varangians, and the Baltic Sea was the Varangian Sea in this time. In Finnish the people are Taani and Norja, and Swedes are Ruotsi, similar to Rus. During the ice age there were many migrations into the Scandinavian region both from the Germanic tribes from the eastern plains of Eurasia and Siberia.

[@Lee-sd8uo]

@@billfarley9167 the African theory is just an excuse so Afrocentrics can blackwash other people's history.

[@TheLostHistoryChannelTKTC]

The runes are symbols first perceived by events in the Sky! ⚡Their Civilization grew from these perceptions!

[@tonyu5985]

Is that the mystery of the runes or were they actually taught by other people.

[@danielaaron81]

They evolved from more ancient characters, or "letters" that originated in ancient Babylon, Sumeria, Akkadia, and finally through the Phoenicians and their heiroglyphic characters, they became the very group of symbols that paved the way and inspired, if not directly influenced the majority of modern languages today. Being much different than their Mesopotamian predecessor's square cuneiform, that looks like chicken tracks(scratch), the Phoenician script eventually evolved into ancient, and then finally modern Semitic and Romantic languages such as Hebrew, Aramaic, Ethiopian Amharic, Norse, Greek, Latin, Etruscan, German, Dutch, English, Spanish, etc.

[@tonyu5985]

@@danielaaron81 Niemiec (němьcь)

[@clinton5330]

​@@danielaaron81lol no

[@djribz]

The norwegians actually had a consept of a «White Christ» from before the Catholics arrived. Genetics show that the Huns was in Norway too. I think those doing most of the vikinging was Thracians. From what I’ve seen, the alphabets are similar, and the Pantheons too. The oldest stone inscriptions found in the north of Norway are from apx. 10 000bc. There are also some peculiar megaliths in the northern parts of Nor/Swe/Fin. Btw, Can you guys do a video on when Scandinavia/Scandza was called Roman Dacia, pretty please?

[@fredriks5090]

It's well known that the Goths came from Crimea/West of Crimea, and the Dacians between them and the Greeks. It's also claimed that Odins father came from Thrakia. It would make a lot of sense for Odin to be a celto-thracian-gothic *ish* translator or chieftain responsible for keeping in touch with the southern civilizations, thus also making him embody the spirit of Zeus to some degree.

[@mahakalabhairava9950]

Hun DNA is probably from central European migration after migration period.

[@djribz]

Yeah, the Dacian king(s) also was the human stand-in for the god, in this case Zalmoxis, which are Mercury aka Odin, making the king a god king.

[@djribz]

Zeus is equal to Tor/Thor, as in Jupiter and St. Peter the rock. You can see Mercury and Jupiter or Tor and Odin together in the infamous Baphomet icon where the goat represents the god of the mountain Perwkunas. The wings are a symbol of planets or other heavenly objects. Speaking of Celts, Dyonysos are mercury too. The Celts whorshiped Mars the red planet alongside Mercury, and I suspect the Celts are the original red haired Shemites. Jew I think is short for (Sons of) Jupiter, Jovian, Javeh, Jehova… The germanic doubleheaded raven is mercury. The templar red cross is Mars and the lamb or Ram the templars often display is of course Aries.

[@djribz]

Some claim that the cultural apropriation of the Dacians by the Huns in todays Hungary led to a Hunic takeover of the vatican.

[@larrym.johnson9219]

If you have a hypothesis it is your perspective just like the early Christians had their perspective it doesn't devalue their view though. We look back on it. They lived through it.

[@matthelme4967]

The Finnish origin of the Rurik dynasty was very interesting.

[@jturtle5318]

Who was the father of Rurik The Grand?

[@katjasallinen1621]

It wasn't Finnish origins. The word of Rus is Uralic orgin. There was a Viking dwelling in Lake Ladoga. There are 15% Karelian belonging to haplogroup I.

[@matthelme4967]

DNA seems to back up the Finnish oragin of the Rurik Dynasty.

[@Claude_van]

@@katjasallinen1621Rus comes from roðr. They had boats.

[@stephanreichelt2700]

was born in Germany and my DNA shows Scandinavian, & Baltic as well as some English; my Dad was born in Prussia

[@topcatseriosblack8396]

Enjoying the video so far 6:06 . "Experience and expertise " hmmm. We have to tell the truth yall. Exploitation ideology and obsessions! Innocent people have died over this. We can tell the truth and not uplift the mistreatment of other people's lives and histories! Hopefully you understand what I'm saying Sama

[@Ihavemessageforyou]

The Viking runes ... 🤔🤔🤔🤔 could you please, look up the similarities (perhaps 80-90% of them) to those of the ancient hunic/hungarian runes?!

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

I'm still surprised people don't call Anglo-Saxons Vikings.

[@The_Saxon_of_Riverstone]

👍🏻

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@The_Saxon_of_Riverstone hi my fellow Saxon.

[@The_Saxon_of_Riverstone]

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 we come from the same place... just points of time. 👍🏻

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@The_Saxon_of_Riverstone yep. Proud of that heritage

[@neilog747]

The Angles used to dwell in Finn Island as well as Jutland. From a British POV, Vikings were always the pirates, but the Anglekin were invited in by the British to settle.

[@MarkBuckleyNapa]

Razib Khan does an outstanding job of getting to the meat and potatoes of DNA 🧬 certainly catch him on his podcast,sub sack and rooms ha he often does on he ClubHouse app. I’ve learned so much on Genetics and migration of different groups from prehistory and ancient bronze and Iron Age. Great topic and guess Nick. Be sure o have him on again soon.

[@PAPOOSELAKESURFER]

Stories suggest "Viking" traders ran goods on river boats on the three rivers into Ukraine. Khazaria stories suggest a city en route? Pre flood (12k year grand solar minimum intermittent evidence past 3 years, world wide 4" and 5" hail) languages like Basque are more ignored toward East Asia?

[@fredriks5090]

An interesting possibility would be for Bifrost to be the winter pack-ice connecting Iceland to Greenland and northern America, possibly also loosely to the Faroes and northern Scotland if the gulf stream didn't carry enough heat. The Fimbulvinter could then have been a "reoccurrence" of ragnarok, which means "reign of smoke". Smoke in a northern context also counts as condensation, because in freezing weather they are more or less the same white cloud.

[@Wulfstan1938]

I'm Danish German and Dutch with hints of Norway and France

[@milanovicmladjan1766]

Real name of vikings was Vajrazi. Vikings share the same gene as Serbians, Bosnian and Croats and that's I haplotype

[@gregoryrollins59]

Great show. After this who were the Hittites? What happened to them? Plus one thing i like about Brien Foerster is how he links architecture, the similarities around the world. So what about that with the Vikings? Peace and agap'e.

[@shanecarubbi7864]

Cool video, thanks! Mr. Kahn is always a great guest.

[@minecraftingmum5574]

Cheddar man was described as swarthy which is not dark or black, it's more a tanned from the sun colour, but doesn't fade in the winter. Cheddar man also has existing descendents who are not black and don't have any 'black' in their genome.

[@SimpleMinded221]

Just stop. You're so fragile. Black doesn't equal african. Cheddar man was likely brown to light brown. You're 18th century psuedo science is wrong.

[@blanketparty5259]

Im sorry but this guy is out of his mind. Especially near the end where he is implying that Indians may have influenced viking culture and religion(I'd like to know his thoughts on the IE invasions of India). He goes off on the recent homogenization of the world which is also insane. Just prior to these ridiculous claims he brought up viking being a verb. This is true but his point was that its not necessarily to do with an ethnic group. He even tries to further his claim by bringing up the fact that Irish or Scottish people would convert to the viking way and OH WOW THEY"RE SO DIVERSE? You mean other Europeans joining another groups of Europeans ? like does he even hear himself? I find it so frustrating to hear people try to downplay this relationship with the whole "to viking" verb argument. At the end of the day it is tied to a group of very closely related brother and sister folks spanning back further than the viking age. Groups of people branching off of one another with distance ancestors and changing over time in isolation (but not too drastically) then rediscovering and interacting with one another again. Its like people like him are so afraid to concede to some of the ideas layed out by Germans during ww2. Which aside from the over romanticism and blatantly racist shit they pushed turned out to be correct in a lot of cases. I mean come on? How tf you gonna try and genetically distance those on the British isles from Scandinavians and suggest that it was SO DIVERSE WOW.

[@catherineanderson5423]

I love the introduction music

[@Sam-fz3mx]

Great video. Razib Khan is the man!

[@matthewmann8969]

Came from a long line, road, avenue, street, or block

[@ayo9715]

David Reich is super famous that does work on this and all European peoples

[@israhelldid9119]

he's a liar

[@LeifPetersen1986]

Greetings from germany to my germanic brothers. Hail Wodan.

[@19angela71]

Russia is a late term related to the Russian Empire created by the Peter the Great in the 18th century. Kyivan Rus and Russia are not synonymous terms.

[@hardrada8637]

Yes, They ARE