Walking through Constantinople in 1200 AD. What would you have seen?

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[@theicepickthatkilledtrotsk658]

Considering how many trials The Eastern Roman empire had to face with almost no rest it was a massive achievement that a state in any shape was left in 1453.

[@grantottero4980]

That's really true. But... a curiosity of mine: why that wierd nickname of yours?

[@anonimus966]

Rei is best girl

[@theicepickthatkilledtrotsk658]

@@grantottero4980 It's just something thought of as a funny name when trying to think of what to call my account.

[@grantottero4980]

@@theicepickthatkilledtrotsk658 Oh, funny! Thank you for your answer. 👍🙂

[@panathatube]

It's an irony that the crusaders hit the hardest their Christian brothers not the Muslims. By basically destroying the Byzantine empire, the crusaders left the West much more vulnerable to the ottoman invasions which is another irony. It's no secret that the fall of Constantinople to the crusaders made people in 1400 to prefer the ottoman rule than the West and the pope, and that distrust to the West (bolstered by other historical events later on throughout the centuries) is still prevalent in Greece.

[@mylesmerola4750]

Byzantine empire is truly the empire that would not die. On the brink of destruction at least 3 times and always managed to claw back until the end. The fact the city got sacked and conquered and they still managed to cling on another 200 years is impressive. They had no give up.

[@Blaqjaqshellaq]

Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul is the Phoenix City, continually falling and rising again...

[@daniellinanmolina1044]

i mean they remained 350 years under ottoman rule and they then rebelled to form modern greece

[@SetuwoKecik]

@@daniellinanmolina1044 only the Greek parts were rebelled. Not the Constantinople.

[@SetuwoKecik]

@@Blaqjaqshellaq now the Phoenix swelled bigger than Greece itself, and decided to own lots of cats.

[@agiasf7330]

Let us not fall for the agenda of those who sought to aggrandize themselves falsely by imposing the term Byzantium on the Christian Roman Empire. There never was a Byzantium, what was was rather the Christian Roman Empire (Orthodox--Orthodoxy, the true Christian Faith, began on Pentecost), which had Constantinople as its capital, as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire, which had Rome as its capital. The heretic Franks wanted to claim their kingdom was the continuation of the Roman Empire, but they had neither the Faith of, nor political, historical, cultural continuity from the Christian Roman Empire, which though smaller than it had been (its western territories were lost) continued in the East, with the same capital it had had, which was established by the first Christian Roman Emperor Constantine, in Constantinople. Thus, they needed to impose the term Byzantium on the Christian Roman Empire, so that they themselves (imposters) could claim falsely to be the continuation of the Roman Empire--they called their kingdom "the Holy Roman Empire". But it was neither holy, nor Roman. It was not even an empire. But they could not make that absurd claim without concocting & imposing the meaningless term "Byzantium" on the Christian Roman Empire, which, though smaller than it had been, continued to exist, with Constantinople as its capital, as established by the first Christian Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great. To this day, following ancient practice from the time of the Christian Roman Empire, the Ecumenical Patriarch addresses the Greek Orthodox people of Constantinople as Romans. And to this day, unchanged from the time of the Christian Roman Empire, in Jerusalem (likewise in Antioch, Syria) the Greek Orthodox are called Rum Orthodox (Roman Orthodox) because we are Roman Orthodox & our Faith, the only true & salvific Faith is Rum Orthodoxy (the Roman Orthodox Faith). This is important, so please research this for yourselves.

[@EASYTIGER10]

Its depressing how often - round the world - artefacts, buildings and art that had survived for centuries, even millennia - were destroyed, sometimes in a matter of weeks or even days by attackers who neither knew nor cared what they were destroying.

[@paulmer87]

Goes to show that the Empire pre-1204 still held a lot of Imperial dignity. The Empire was truly “Roman” in the sense of its power projection, magnificence, economic strength and it’s cultural impact. The three good Komnenoi Emperors themselves were truly worthy of being called Roman Emperors. What was lost during the sack of 1204 cannot be overstated enough.

[@jessicajefferson4501]

I wish that someone would make a render of what the Hagia Sophia looked like as an Eastern Orthodox church with all of its holy icons still intact. It would make this Orthodox girl so happy!

[@dominikdelinic9951]

I am doing that with photoshop

[@aris9560]

@@dominikdelinic9951 oh yeah? Please show

[@JohnVance]

You've got a real talent for immersive storytelling. If you write books, I'll buy them.

[@mohamedmedhat7594]

Salutes from Egypt, the former Roman province

[@daphnesapci]

Thank you for making this video and to all the sponsors! Indeed the suffering of Rhomania(Roman Empire) and Rhomei(Romans, Anatolian Greeks, "Rum" in Anatolia they are called) is very moving. My grandfather was Rhomeos, my father used to tell us many stories about him. We are the grandchildren of them in some sense. We have to protect our common heritage. Today, in reaction to Erdoghan's conversion of Hagia Sophia, a new wave of awareness starts to rise. The Palace of Boukoleon along with the walls of the old city is started to get restorated. They have also opened a new excavation site for the Hippodrome to restore it. We can only hope and struggle to protect magnificient Roman civilization.

[@zahirhussain5913]

How Christian Romans ruled their Empire ? " During the 960 AD , Crime (in Constantinople ) was rife , especially in the dark and crowded quarters . Prostitution flourished , one visitor primly asserting that just as Constantinople exceeded other cities in wealth , so it excelled them in vice. Various attempts had been made by the authorities to stamp it out , including the creation of a sanctuary for those who wanted to escape exploitation . It was much more common , however , for emperors to be numbered among the clients than among the rescuers of prostitutes." " In around 1200 , a riot began over the arrest and flogging of a thief. The crowd were incensed because they knew that the man had been acting on the no order of a corrupt prison governer, John Lagos , who set his charges free by night to steal and then took a cut of the proceeds ". Book : CONSTANTINOPLE capital of byzantium AUTHOR : Jonathan Harris page : 131, 139 EDITION 2007 " Constantinople itself is squalid and fetid and in many places afflicted by permanent darkness, for the wealthy overshadow the streets with buildings and leave these dirty, dark places to the poor and to travellers. There murders and robberies and other crimes of the night are committed.People live untouched by the law in this city, for all its rich men are bullies and many of its poor men are thieves. A criminal knows neither fear nor shame, for crime is not punished by law and never comes entirely to light.' "By the time of Justinian we know that the Mese, the 'Middle Street' that ran through the city from east to west, was a busy daily market - and that 'more than 500 prostitutes' conducted their business there according to Procopius". Book: TASTES OF BYZANTIUM , the cuisine of a legendary empire Author : Andrew Dalby Edition : 2010 p - 38 ,60 " Constantinople had many brothels - the most famous were located in side streets near the Forum of Constantine. Foreign visitors were shocked by the vice they saw in the streets, especially the prostitutes who openly worked the streets. The Crusaders expressed dismay at them and then patronized them. The city regulated prostitution under the city prefect and they were taxed.....One can assume women also worked independently as sex workers throughout the city. They also worked privately in the neighborhoods of the city, living in shacks right alongside churches. One account says they could be very noisy - you could hear them in the local church during services - which indicates drinking was probably going on there, too. The church seems to have ignored the trade..... Some of the annual religious holidays associated with specific saints had devolved into excuses for drunkness , ribaldry and licentiousness......Ode of Deuil, who visited Constantinople for 23 days in 1147 with the French King, Louis VII and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, reports : Constantinople is Christian in name, not in fact. Source : " Daily life in 12th century Constantinople" Author: Bob Atchison www.pallasweb.com/deesis/daily-life-in-constantinople.html So, u r going to protect Roman culture

[@zahirhussain5913]

Jews in Christian Byzantine Empire : " The Jews in Galata often petty restrictions , such as not being allowed to ride on horseback , and occasional harrasment from their neighbours: ''' For their condition is very low and there is much hatred against them , which is fostered by the tanners, who throw out their dirty water in the streets before the doors of the Jewish houses and defile the Jews quarter. So, the Greeks hate the Jews, good and bad alike, and subject them to great oppression, and beat them in the streets and in every way treat them with rigour.''' There were even some examples of officially sanctioned persecution, as under Romanos I Lekapenos ( 920-44 ). There was, however, never anything in byzantium along the lines of the savage pogroms perpetrated against the Jews in England, Germany, and elsewhere in western Europe at the time of crusades." BOOK : CONSTANTINOPLE capital of byzantium AUTHOR : Jonathan Harris EDITION : 2007 page : 135 So, u r going to protect Roman culture

[@zahirhussain5913]

Catholics in Constantinople : " Following Constantinople capture on 12 April 1204 , it was subjected to several days pillage by the victorious ( catholic ) troops on a scale never experienced before. Naturally the palaces of the wealthy were an obvious target and were stripped of any gold and silver objects , furniture , furs and silks ........ A crowd of them entered Hagia Sophia to remove the gold and silver candlesticks and ecclesiastical vessels , including a huge ciborium that weighed thousands of pounds. So , numerous and heavy were these objects that they had to bring donkeys and mules into the cathedral to carry them all away . Another group went to the church of the Holy Apostles and burst into the Heroon , the mausoleum where the emperors of the past lay buried. They opened the tomb of the emperor Justinian......., they left it ( corpse) alone, but they stripped off anything of value from the sarcophagus . The tomb of Romanos III in the church of the Virgin Peribleptos suffered a similar fate, as did the church of the monastery of Christ Pantokrator , the burial place of Manuel - I and John - II . " Much of what was seized in Constantinople in April 1204 was carted back to the West by returning soldiers and some of it still survives today . Some returning crusaders piously presented various precious objects that they had stolen to their local churches . When the German crusader Heinrich von Ulmen got back to Hesse in 1207 he presented the nunnery of Stuben with a silver - gilt, enamelled reliquary, designed to hold a portion of the True Cross . Made in about 964 or 965 at the command of the eunuch Basil Lekapenos the Parakoumomenos, it must almost certainly have come from either Hagia Sophia or the Great Palace . It is now housed in the cathedral of Limburg - an - der- Lahn . A crystal cross reliquary presented by Robert of Clari to the monastery of Corbie in Picardy was possibly taken from the chapel of the Holy Virgin of Pharos. Many similar objects found their way back to Flanders , sent back by the Flemish emperors who were to rule Constantinople after 1204 . The greatest haul of looted objects , however , ended up in Venice . The treasury of the church of St Mark there boasts jewelled chalices , reliquaries , enamelled book covers , gold framed icons and silver patens, magnificent examples of Byzantine ecclesiastical gold and silverware ". " In 1208 , Henry - I sent a collection of relics to western Europe to be sold . In 1237 , Baldwin II pawned the Crown of Thorns and other relics of the passion to a Venetian merchant for 13,134 hyperpera. The True Cross suffered the indignity of having bits broken off it to be sold separately....... In the chapel of the St Sampson Hospital the iconostasis , the screen which stood between the altar and the congregation , was taken out and according to one report used as a latrine cover for the patients.......... ...........In this way , one of the pillars of Constantinople's reputation as a holy city and pilgrimage site was broken up and lost for ever." ( Readers should understand that these orthodoxy sacred objects not in turkey . Stolen to western world .) " The statues that lined the Hippodrome were also removed . Lysippos of Sicyo 's Hercules, the Caledonian boar , statues of victorious of the past and countless other priceless masterpieces all went into the furnace. One by one the statues were dismantled and melted down in furnaces. " "The ransacking of Constantinople did not end with the bronze statues . In their ceaseless search for something to sell , the Latin emperors went so far as to have the copper and lead stripped from the roofs of building , including those of their own residence , the Great Palace , and then to sell it for scrap. ...... The Latin patriarch of Constantinople , Mathew of Jesolo (1221-6), did much the same, targeting the roofs of the churches of Constantinople . With their roof gone , the churches inevitably fell into ruin. Sometimes the damage done to the churches was for liturgical rather than financial reasons." Book : CONSTANTINOPLE capital of byzantium. AUTHOR : Jonathan Harris EDITION: 2007 Page : 161 - 168 I think you may learnt that how Romans was defeated .

[@zahirhussain5913]

Hagia Sophia museum restored through proper channel (court procedure has given opportunities to defend) into a place of monotheistic worship Ayasofya mosque thereto representatives of very tiny populated Christians in Turkey are protesting. Even before Turkish court's judgement,the Turkish Christians approach were of threatening tone. In June 2020 Istanbul based Ecumenial Patriarch Bartholomew-I, the the spiritual leader of the world's orthodox Christians, warned that the building's conversion into a mosque "will turn millions of Christians across the world against Islam. Garo paylan-- member of Armenian Christian party, named, People's Democratic party and Turkish MP--wrote"To convert Hagia Sophia into mosque will make life more difficult for Muslims in Europe". Of the Turkish's population of 8 crore 40 lakhs in 957 districts,Christians are only 1,00,000 ie 0.1 percentage of Turkish population. Of the Christian population 7000 are Protestant,2500 are Greek orthodox and 90,000 Armenian orthodox. The priest and politicians around the world,especially, in Greece,Russia,US and france have expressed their hidden ill opinion in the words of "regrets, concerns,and reconsideration".Their approach has exposed their "communal cat out of the bag". They conceit,it was due to democracy, secularism, socialism etc,humans have achieved modern and new world past 150 years. During this period, numerous non-christian worship places were demolished or converted by white Christians,these atrocities have been recorded by themselves. The records of white Christian attack on worship places are well defined and strongly evidential.This self-styled radicals can advise others only after paying justice for these atrocities. On August 2010, Turkish president Erdogan reopened sumela monastery in Trabzon province of Turkey to working church.Following this, at least 1500 pilgrims-- many from foe countries Greece and Russia--traveled to the sumela monastery for services led by Patriarch Bartholomew-I. But Turkish's wish of restoring the "Fethiye museum" in Athens city of Greece into mosque is ignored for over 10 years.This shows white Christians communal mind set.Those who oppose the Restoration of Ayasofya But Turkish's wish of restoring the "Fethiye museum" in Athens city of Greece into mosque is ignored for over 10 years.This shows white Christians communal mind set.Those who oppose the Restoration of Ayasofya mosque must be remember with all gratitudes. Why didn't the self-styled secular European Christian leaders oppose the restoration of sumela monastery and St.Paul church?No one stated it as a great failure or disappoint for the long term vision and secular attitude of kemal Ataturk. The Turkish president has proved he is not against any religion by restoring sumela monastery. when buzzing araised regarding this,the president interfered and explained," we lose nothing if 500 are 2000 people meet to perform religious duties together.He stood with Christian minorities.He didn't favour only the people who voted for him.He desired to be a neutralist. Only after 10 years of this restoration,he restored the worship place of his faith,he follows by legal battle. St.Paul church, Tarsus,Turkey He has provided priority to minority Christians and delayed to fulfill the the needs of majority muslims.Responsible and caring mother always gives priority to the fragile child. Erdogan responding to the opposition from the Christian world regretted,"We turks always honour worship places of non Muslims but monuments and artefacts of ottoman khilafat in East Europe and Balkan region are not preserved and slowly vanishing". This intention of white Christians leads to the automatic destruction of Islamic treasures. Western Christians diplomacies of cheating under the blanket of secularism, freedom of expression,democracy etc. Islamic symbols by laying it unpreserved are continuous warning signs for the Muslims. -----vaigarai velicham monthly (Tamil language)Hagia Sophia museum restored into mosque. Hagia Sophia museum restored through proper channel (court procedure has given opportunities to defend) into a place of monotheistic worship Ayasofya mosque thereto representatives of very tiny populated Christians in Turkey are protesting. Even before Turkish court's judgement,the Turkish Christians approach were of threatening tone. In June 2020 Istanbul based Ecumenial Patriarch Bartholomew-I, the the spiritual leader of the world's orthodox Christians, warned that the building's conversion into a mosque "will turn millions of Christians across the world against Islam. Garo paylan-- member of Armenian Christian party, named, People's Democratic party and Turkish MP--wrote"To convert Hagia Sophia into mosque will make life more difficult for Muslims in Europe". Of the Turkish's population of 8 crore 40 lakhs in 957 districts,Christians are only 1,00,000 ie 0.1 percentage of Turkish population. Of the Christian population 7000 are Protestant,2500 are Greek orthodox and 90,000 Armenian orthodox. The priest and politicians around the world,especially, in Greece,Russia,US and france have expressed their hidden ill opinion in the words of "regrets, concerns,and reconsideration". Their approach has exposed their "communal cat out of the bag". They conceit,it was due to democracy, secularism, socialism etc,humans have achieved modern and new world past 150 years. During this period, numerous non-christian worship places were demolished or converted by white Christians,these atrocities have been recorded by themselves. The records of white Christian attack on worship places are well defined and strongly evidential.This self-styled radicals can advise others only after paying justice for these atrocities. On August 2010, Turkish president Erdogan reopened sumela monastery in Trabzon province of Turkey to working church. Following this, at least 1500 pilgrims-- many from foe countries Greece and Russia--traveled to the sumela monastery for services led by Patriarch Bartholomew-I. But Turkish's wish of restoring the "Fethiye museum" in Athens city of Greece into mosque is ignored for over 10 years.This shows white Christians communal mind set.Those who oppose the Restoration of Ayasofya mosque must be remember with all gratitudes. Why didn't the self-styled secular European Christian leaders oppose the restoration of sumela monastery and St.Paul church?No one stated it as a great failure or disappoint for the long term vision and secular attitude of kemal Ataturk. The Turkish president, Erdogan, has proved he is not against any religion by restoring sumela monastery. when buzzing araised regarding this,the president interfered and explained," we lose nothing if 500 are 2000 people meet to perform religious duties together.He stood with Christian minorities.He didn't favour only the people who voted for him.He desired to be a neutralist. Only after 10 years of this restoration,he restored the worship place of his own faith, and he follows by legal battle. He has provided priority to minority Christians and delayed to fulfill the the needs of majority muslims.Responsible and caring mother always gives priority to the fragile child. Erdogan responding to the opposition from the Christian world regretted,"We turks always honour worship places of non Muslims but monuments and artefacts of ottoman khilafat in East Europe and Balkan region are not preserved and slowly vanishing". This intention of white Christians leads to the automatic destruction of Islamic treasures. Western Christians diplomacies of cheating under the blanket of secularism, freedom of expression,democracy etc. Islamic symbols by laying it unpreserved are continuous warning signs for the Muslims. -----vaigarai velicham monthly (Tamil language)

[@zahirhussain5913]

Aya Sofia is ours. It was abandoned building changed to spritual building ( mosque ) by the conqueror mehmed II . So , it was not stolen by muslims . Museum also ours. U people have no business either in mosque or museum. Now , it functioned as museum and mosque. Why ur ancestors abandoned the building? How was it happened ? This is because of ur ever enemies catholics. To know this fact , read " the siege and fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD " By : Marios Philippides and Walter K Hanak. Edition 2011 U request with ur orthodox ruling countries to maintain the mosque as atleast museum other than dance club, bar and etc.

[@Ment2703]

What a beautiful city it was

[@SetuwoKecik]

Oh please, it's still is now. Turks rebuilt the city after they're conquered it (unlike latins) with similar style as the old one, plus Arabic and Persian influences, and now it's population is 1.5 times bigger than Greece itself. And tons of cats making the city even more lively despite not being a capital anymore.

[@brettmuir5679]

The artists who contribute to this channel deserve high praise. It makes me feel like I am there. Seeing the peacock sculpted columns of the Forum of Theodosius still standing, rather than fallen by the wayside is invigorating. Having ridden the tram down Istanbul's Istikal Cadesi (main boulevard)(I hope I got that correct) those pillars are toppled and jumbled as a decoration @ a metro station called Beshiktas if memory serves. Praise to this channel and praise to its' contributors. You help me walk back in time as I did unaided when I walked those streets years ago :)

[@breucia1866]

Another excellent video. As someone who studied the Ostrogothic Kingdom at university if you ever wanted to do a walking tour through Ravenna then that would be great to see. Keep up the good work!

[@CaptainGrimes1]

It baffles my mind that someone born in the Eastern Roman Empire would be alive to see the discovery of America

[@sillypuppy5940]

I am glad that you imply that the apogee of the Eastern Roman Empire ("Byzantine") was not when it was trying to reconquer Rome etc. It was during its Macedonian dynasty (10th century), when the empire concentrated on what was possible rather than wasting its strength on pursuing dreams.

[@Blaqjaqshellaq]

I like to call it the New Roman Empire...

[@cloudftw113]

I genuinely wish that Justianian left well enough alone after the reconquest of North Africa and instead focused on strengthening diplomatic ties with the relatively receptive western kingdoms.

[@paulmer87]

@@cloudftw113 at the very least, he could have truly supported Belasarius instead of constantly sand-bagging him on the whims of his wife. As you stated, the western kingdoms were receptive to Constantinople. However, the Romans/Italians themselves were quite receptive at first and had Justinian gone full send, the Empire would have been restored a lot sooner and resources and human lives would have gone to such waste.

[@reinilol1192]

Danke für die Videos über Konstantinopel ich schreibe gerade in der Schule eine Arbeit über das Byzantinische Reich und solche Videos helfen enorm. Vor allem sich das ganze auch bildlich vorstellen zu können und nicht nur stumpf Zahlen auswendig zu lernen. Ich bin sehr dankbar für deine großartige Arbeit und hoffe von Herzem das noch weitere Videos zu diesem faszinierenden Thema folgen werden.

[@garymarcera7452]

Can't wait for your videos on the sack of 1204 as well as the Ottoman conquest of 1453. Keep them coming, please!

[@vectors8841]

Those Western Crusaders paved the way for an Islamic take-over of Anatolia, Greece, the Balkans, and almost further had the Muslim advance not been stopped in Austria. Great job 4th crusade. ✝️👍👌

[@Blox117]

but but but, muh magic man in the sky!!!

[@samuelmithran5586]

@@Blox117 Better than naked adultrous pagan non sense

[@mattgraham9515]

Great video - again. I love your channel. Are you going to do a "walking around Constantinople in the year 1400?" that would be interesting. I also think you should do a video on Roman Britain - I know you did one on London before.

[@sjaakvandervrande9414]

Always interesting your Videos about the Roman Empires. I have learned a lot off both the western- and eastren Roman Empires. Thanks to you I do not speak about the Byzantine Empire. Greetings from Switserland

[@ahmedabdelwahab1212]

00:50 Whoever reads history well will not be surprised that the Crusade of European Christians was worse and more destructive to "Constantinople" than the Ottoman Turkish conquest. The "European Crusaders" and the "Ottoman Turks" were never really religious , but the religious wars for them were an expansionist invasion. The truth is that both of them (the Crusaders - the Ottomans) are very similar to each other. Unfortunately, the followers of the two religions (Christianity and Islam) many of them , such as the "Neo conservatism" in America and the "Muslim Brotherhood" in Egypt still see in the "Crusades" and the "Ottoman conquests" a heroic act, while it was a purely criminal act. Finally, the video is a wonderful and fair historical research from the content creator .

[@Makaidonas]

Ahmed you are a clown. When the ottoman took over the whole population was wiped out. In 1204 the population survived the crusaders. When the ottomans took over there was rivers of blood running down the streets. The ottomans were the criminals. What drop the ottoman to such savage behavior was Islam itself

[@corvusglaive4804]

Very well said. I think most Christians would agree that this was criminal nonsense. And the fact that the crusaders were so happy to destroy fellow Christians and Romans at that shows that these individuals were about as Christian as the Dalai Llama.

[@Makaidonas]

@@corvusglaive4804 the crusader did not burn down Constantinople nor did they kill the population. Th ottomans exterminated the whole population. The women raped to death as well the young boys and the babies slammed against the walls or were empaled The blood flowed like rivers in the streets. The whole population was gone. If you want to see the savagery of the Turk just as the Arabs who survived the Turkish genocide of palestine

[@corvusglaive4804]

@@Makaidonas When was the Genocide of Palestine?

[@andrewdock7288]

The Ottomans actually restored the city to what it was once in the 5th and 6th century under the Eastern Romans. Then for about 200 years under the Ottomans from the 15th and 16th century then it also went into decline.

[@pilgrim42]

Fantastic, as always.

[@matheusTM87]

Eastern Roman history narrated by Arnold Schwarzenegger, the crossover I never expected.

[@schoolofgrowthhacking]

Thanks for the video guys, watching from Istanbul, the city of 20 million!!

[@ThiefKingofLegend]

25-30mil*

[@LordWyatt]

Holdup. The Ottomans went through Hell to break Constantinople in 1453. And that’s as a shadow of its former self. Truly badasses

[@mango2005]

If the rumoured Venetian fleet had arrived, history might have been different in 1453.

[@LukeandLucas]

Gunpowder changed everything.

[@philipvogt2855]

Superb video. I repeatedly paused it in order to soak up what I was learning.

[@bakters]

The story he paints is very compelling, but it's also quite one-sided. Many cities were sacked, many cities burned, most of them recovered quickly. They didn't. For 250 years. BTW - Both the Venetians and the crusaders had good reasons to be cross with the Byzantines.

[@IsengardMordor]

@Maiorianus i enjoy your content as i always do, but i have to warn you. There is a bot in the comment section that tries to impersonate you (albeit fails horribly) in an effort to scam people. Thought you might want to know that. Other than that, i hope you keep making more videos. They are truly enjoyable to listen to and learn from. Some of the details and topics i have never even knew of before re-awakened my curiosity towards my favorite ancient civilization :) Thank you.

[@bert8373]

Superb video👍👏

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

Thanks for your kind words, Bert :) I really appreciate it!

[@swerdoteso1922]

The sad thing is even though we can reconstruct many buildings, artworks and architecture of Constantinople, we will never really know how beautiful the city actually looked, how those hundreads of palaces, churches, landmarks looked. Even if there was coins and books representing those buildings and places. Those records most likely has been destroyed or melted down. As we have records and evidence of most of rome, we can reconstruct almost every inch of the city and can realize how magnificent the city was. But in case of Constantinople, we will never know how most of the city actually looked like. We will never learn how was the medival roman society, we dont know if there really was more artworks like emperor sculptures like justinian's. we just know the city looked somewhat very beautiful among all city worthy of being queen of the cities. And we can only reconstruct some parts of the city at certain timeline. But alas the city is in fact lost in the past. 4th crusade was the greatest crime against humanity.

[@Novusod]

There were a few ancient relics from Constantinople that survived all the sackings. One is called the Serpent Column. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Column Originally constructed in 479BC it remained intact all the way to the 1700s when it was damaged in possibly an Earthquake. The Base of this column is standing in Istanbul in the year 2022. There is also an Egyptian obelisk in Istanbul that dates back to 1420BC and was moved to Constantinople in 390AD.

[@jamiemcintosh3030]

Smelted from Persian swords, armour, and shields captured by the Delian League. Nowadays near the Blue Mosque in the City.

[@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526]

Crazy to think it was from the time of the persian wars.

[@georgelser5831]

Wirklich interessanter Kanal, Vielen Dank für die hochwertigen Beiträge!

[@dlab1978]

Im curious. It took 250 years for the ottomans to conquer a set of villages with walls? Simply put, in this lifespan, the city recovered infastracturally, but not in terms of population booming. It still had a lot of riches as a trade center. Also many refugees from the balkans sought refuge there after the ottoman conquests. Last but not least, Mohammed II asked the remaining survivors to return to their homes and in the days of the ottoman empire, the city had many greeks. In other words, certainly the 500K population would be hard to achieve again, but a more realistic term of 100K and a strong defense is much more plausible.

[@swedhgemoni8092]

That "villages with walls" had centuries worth of fortifications built around it. You underestimate how formidable a set of sturdy walls can be...even power tools have difficulty drilling through thick ones.

[@dlab1978]

@@swedhgemoni8092 you did not even read the whole comment.

[@TheDirtysouthfan]

The Ottomans were going through a lot of their own issues at the time. If they could muster all their focus on attacking the city then they would take it as they did, the problem was that they didn't often have that luxury. Remember in 1299 when they were founded, they were in the area outside Nicea and were one of many different Turkic Beyliks in Anatolia. When they did grow and expand, into the rest of Anatolia and then across the straits in the Balkans, they then had internal issues. One Sultan tried to conquer it, but was then faced with a civil war where the Byzantines played each Ottoman leader against one another. Another instance was Tamerlane, who defeated the Ottomans, capturing their Sultan, Ankara and caused great turmoil within the Ottoman Empire. Moreover, many European states would go and support the Byzantines including Crusades. It was also helped by being in a very defensible area, with large thick walls and some self sufficient urban agriculture. It was very lucky that it survived, but real world concerns made it last longer than it did. The last Emperor tried in vain to regain some empire, and in fact in the final battle for Constantinople, there was an Ottoman Usurper fighting alongside the Roman defenders. It would be interesting to think of an alternate timeline where the Byzantines survive and become intertwined with the new Ottoman Empire. Something like that kind of happened with the Millet System.

[@Blox117]

@@swedhgemoni8092 no the ottomans were just poor brown skins playing around in the sand. they never progressed out of the stone age.

[@33Donner77]

Thanks for the video. Byzantium before 1240 was gold and jewels. After 1240 it was tinsel and glass.

[@agiasf7330]

There was no such thing as Byzantium. The Christian Roman Empire had Constantinople as its capital (as opposed to the pagan Roman Empire, which had Rome as its capital).

[@tacidian7573]

I remember Thersites the Historian commenting on the deserted state of Constantinople after the sack by the Crusaders.

[@jamiemcintosh3030]

Which video?

[@octavian_augustus98]

Nice vid 👍

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

Thanks a lot! I am glad you liked the video Eren ;)

[@abdulhakimsaid9264]

Hola,señor "Maiorianus-Sebastian",sus programas están una Maravilla ❤❤❤🎉🎉🎉, de verdad;pero quiero preguntarle .algo:tiene usted también las mismas cosas históricas en castellano?Miles gracias por su trabajo ❤🎉!

[@justanotherrandomfilipino9018]

Let us all stop and take a moment to just say, *FUCK THE ANGELOI DYNASTY*

[@luanasari5161]

fuck the angeloi dynasty

[@josefmaster1188]

let me say the name of the worst Alexios III Angelos, that name makes me sick.

[@septimiusseverus343]

Alexios III and Alexios IV aka Dumb and Dumber

[@mylesmerola4750]

I think almost any other person alive or dead could of avoided that situation. Two utterly incompetent men.

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

Fuck crusaders and Angelos dynasty, to be fair, crusaders didn't have to desecrate and smash the city like they did....

[@Sp-zj5hw]

In 1261, you would have seen people calling the state "Rhomania" or "Hellas", after the glorious Hellenic rebirth, made by the Laskaris family. Eternal thanks to the Latins, for dismantling the old Empire and creating a new identity, more Hellenic.

[@adamsmith8797]

Amazing video like aways mate! I can't wait for the indepth video of Constantinople in 1453 when it was occupied

[@mohammeduzairhussainclassi575]

Very interesting

[@nowthenzen]

The truly amazing thing is how long Constantinople held on after the fall of the Latin Empire.

[@lacintag5482]

While 1453 was a sad year for Roman civilization, it was a good year for the city. This is when it went from being the capital of a dying empire to the capital of a rising one. And it continued rising until it once more became the biggest city in Europe, a title it holds to this day.

[@BrendanRiley]

A rotten, unenlightened power. 🇹🇷 Not a good development at all.

[@75VNK0]

mosques screaming in the city of Constantine even to this very day

[@barittos5585]

@@75VNK0 good, it went from worshipping a crucified man to Allah

[@corvusglaive4804]

Shame the Hagia Sophia has minarets round it though 🙄

[@thefaramith8876]

@@BrendanRiley you are an american right? only americans make dumb comments like this.

[@mp6471]

This crusade and the people who made it possible, the Angelos dynasty, the Venetian Doge, the Frenchmen and the Venetians, are one of the worst and most terrible expression of the human race. It really is astounding how barbaric and detructive they were to such fine works of art from more than a millenium before. Now none of us can see with his own eyes these magnificient city anymore.

[@jasonmuniz-contreras6630]

Orthodox christians destroy pagan art, catholic christians destroy orthodox christian art. Irony.

[@zahirhussain5913]

In the 18 the century, the Ottoman Empire began to establish permanent diplomatic missions in London, Paris, Vienna and Berlin. As a result of these contacts all things Turkish became exotic, not least the dress fashion, “turquoisie”. Sultans and pashas were often portrayed as noble and enlightened people in contrast to European rulers. At the Prussian and Saxon courts, feasts, processions and weddings were held á laTurc and Turkish manners became a way for the upper classes to distance themselves from common people. Turkish kiosks were erected in Swedish manorial parks too and Gustav III built a Turkish pavilion at Haga Park. In the 18 th century, Ignatius Mouradgea, a translator (dragoman) of Armenian origin at the Swedish Embassy in Istanbul, contributed to spreading knowledge and a positive image of Turkey in Europe through his encyclopaedic volume entitled Tableau Général de l’Empire Ottoman. He was later knighted by Gustav III acquiring the name d’Ohsson and was for a time head of the Embassy in Istanbul. Turkish Janissary music inspired among others Mozart and Schubert to compose music à la turca. And with the age of enlightenment and Romanticism there was increased interest in the exotic and greater tolerance of and curiosity about other religions and cultures, which was reflected in the image of the Turk who now came to be regarded in many quarters as the “noble savage”. Article : The Turks as a threat and Europe's " other " Author : lngmar karlsson

[@carlosfilho3402]

Thanks To Vídeo.

[@septimiusseverus343]

Ok, now _this_ will be interesting. On the eve of the downfall...

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

I bet that after the Ottoman conquest, the city itself kind of recovered because the Ottomans made it their own new capital. And they probably had more money than the last Roman emperors.

[@magimon91834]

The latin occupation has always been fascinating to me. As a big miniature wargaming guy i keep trying to convince my friends to do a campaign set in that period

[@SetuwoKecik]

Nobody bats an eye when Constantinople sacked by it's fellow Christians in 1204. But loses their minds when Ottomans gave it a coup de grace and rebuilt it anew.

[@nikoskaskarelis8797]

Germanic people pillaged and destroyed Rome in the 5th century and Germanic people did the same in Constantinople. What annoys the most is that the holy city of Chrinstedom was destroyed by fellow Christians. At least the pope officially apologized to the archbishop of athens during a visit.

[@nonnayerbusiness7704]

A fitting revenge for the massacre of the Latins, which killed and enslaved more residents of Constantinople than both the sack in 1204 and the final conquest of 1453. The people of Constantinople didn't care about their fellow Christians then.

[@nikoskaskarelis8797]

@nonnayerbusiness7704 I was expecting these response. So the revenge is to piss upon the holy altur of hagia Sophia and to rape nuns inside churches. The massacre of the Latins had economic motives because the Italian city states were acting like colonial powers.i condemn the massacre however you don't condemn the sack of the city. It might be that you have Germanic roots hahaha

[@waltonsmith7210]

Thats the cruel part is that they were under no illusions that their cause was just. They knew it was wrong. Even the Pope condemned them. It was driven purely by avarice and greed and ignorant bigotry.

[@gesundeshalbwissen]

Basically the 4th crusade was lead by the head of a breakaway Byzantine province. The Republic of Venice originated in the Byzantine Empire, becoming gradually independent between 812 and 1030. There is no exact date of the Venetian separation from the Empire.

[@flyingisaac2186]

Ottoman Constantinople in the sixteenth would've had more Greeks in it than as capital of Romans in 1453 when it was more a series of towns, some commercial, some agricultural surround by orchards and ruins, a bit like mediaeval Rome which had to rely on the income from pilgrims not the wealth of an empire. Mehmed the Conqueror moved many Greeks there whether they liked it or not along other subjects. While later the Greek population were a minority given the name Phanariots after the city where the Oecumenical Patriarch has his palace, they remained a notable element down to riots in the 1950s, I think. 1204 is certainly key given the devastation involved in founding the pitiful Latin Empire, with an Emperor who had to pawn relics and anything that could be redeemed for money, as the Venetians (themselves originally a city of refuge in post Roman times headed by a Roman military Duke) controlled any sources of ready cash, yet after the Nika riots, Justinian was able to rebuild Constantinople to an even greater standard. The economic heartland in Anatolia was a frontier so while notable efforts were made to rebuild the city, there wasn't remotely the resources. In fact some contend that the efforts expended to restore Constantinople sapped money and attention to protect Roman lands across the Bosporus. Thank you again for your well written and lavishly illustrated videos. There's so many to watch.

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

And thank you Isaac for your excellent comments, I really enjoy reading them, really well written !

[@daniellinanmolina1044]

great video, as usual. where are you from? i can not place that accent in the map

[@Yoo-Kang]

Literally was the impregnable city

[@MBP1918]

Interesting

[@zahirhussain5913]

At the height of their power , in the 16th century , their ( Ottaman ) Empire stretched from Hungary to Yemen , from Algiers to the Crimea and Iraq . They established peace , law and order in the Balkans and the Middle East , territories that have seen much violence since the breakup of the empire . The Ottamans also brought economic stability and prosperity and cultural flourishing to many parts of their empire . The spread of local fairs and markets , the establishment of new towns ( e.g., Sarajevo ) , and the population increase in the 16th century , are signs of this economic prosperity". ( ii ). " The sultan's Empire was feared and admired by the contemporaneous Europeans . Orgier Ghiselin de Busbecq , Habsburg ambassador to the ottaman capital in 1554-1562 , commended the Ottomans meritocracy noting that ottaman officials owed their offices and dignity to their " personal merits and bravery; no one is distinguished from the rest by his birth and honor is paid to each man according to the nature of the duty and offices which he discharges ". BOOK : Encyclopaedia of the Ottoman Empire . AUTHOR : Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters . Edition : 2009 page - xxviii .

[@zahirhussain5913]

At the time , the Ottoman Turks arrived in the 13 th century ,there was still a large population of Greeks and Armenians in the Asia Minor , especially in the towns and relation between Greeks and Turks were closer and inter-marriages more common than usually assumed . Greeks worked in the Seljuk administration in high officies , Turkish troops were often hired by the Byzantine Emperors , and fleeing Turkish rulers sought refuge in Byzantium " " The early Ottaman society was complex and included members of numerous religion and ethnicity " . " In short , it was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire ruled by the Osman dynasty from circa 1300 until its demise in World War - I ". BOOK : Encyclopaedia of the Ottoman Empire . AUTHOR : Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters . Edition : 2009 page - XXV , XXVi

[@mikhailturkhan7686]

Even 50 000 isn't that bad for a late medieval city, although the sheer amount of empty and ruined space must've looked quite desolate, indeed. The empire did survive for 150 years after the sack as a viable state (as opposed to Constantinople + scattered possessions). I wonder what was the probability of its survival to modern age by, say, 1250. Admittedly, the ERE did most luck out with the Mongols.

[@ihavenomouthandimusttype9729]

Out of curiosity, how much of old Constantinople’s monuments and architecture was preserved by the Ottomans? Were they like the Goths who preserved Rome? Did they allow it to fall to ruin? Or did they actively attempt to erase it?

[@josephpercente8377]

Population of constantinople may have been as low as 30,000 when it fell. Many people evacuated before the conquest.

[@rickybrians5235]

All it took was one family to throw an entire empire to ruin.

[@MatthewChenault]

Constantinople: *Is thriving.* Doge Enrico Dandolo: “P E N N I E S !”

[@livonian]

Your videos are supposed to be historically very accurate, yet you go on about the "Crusaders", whereas the attack on Constantinople was masterminded by the Venetian Doge Dandolo and the Crusade ceased to be a Crusade with the attack on Zara. And then there is the whole debacle around prince Alexios IV Angelos. Another thing: Perhaps it would be better not to use imagery that shows people in historically inaccurate gear (like a late-13th century armor that most definitely was not available in 1204). No offence, still a pretty good channel.

[@nikoskaskarelis8797]

If they were not crusaders why the pope did not excommunicated them. After the conquest he appointed a Latin bishop. Crusaders or not it was a Christian army that destroyed western artifacts and the holiest city of Eastern christendom.

[@livonian]

From this video the viewer get the impression like this was some kind of totally unprovoked attack by the evil "crusaders" on innocent Constantinople. Which it was not. It was a culmination of ongoing power struggle between Venice and Constantinople, preceded by such events as Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople and blinding of Dandolo himself. On top of that there was the plea for help by prince Alexios IV Angelos. Dandolo, being a shrewd statesman, played the situation perfectly for the great advantage of Venice. Pope, while threatening with excommunication, didn't do it, as in the end Pope is a politician too and knew better than to p*ss off such a important ally as Venice.

[@patrickohooliganpl]

@@nikoskaskarelis8797 You are not too diligent in your research. In fact, they WERE actually excommunicated by the pope but he had not so much independent power in order to enforce ot, because they constituted the majority of the secular armed branch of that power themselves. Instead of executing the papal order on themselves they had enough power and hubris to simply ignore it, as if they never ever had heard about it! So the papal excommunication was never enforced and cynically covered by the conspiracy of silence of all the Western society as it had been never ever issued. It's our heavy-censored skeleton in the closet... and so what? the history has been written by the winners!

[@EminencePhront]

Do you know if there is a high-quality 3D depiction of High Medieval Constantinople in the way there are many quality renderings of Justinian Constantinople?

[@amalkardaly1652]

I would love to watch a video on the siege of Constantinople and the after math of ottoman empire in the city and hw they revived it and learned from its architecture

[@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526]

Once a barbarian always a barbarian.

[@grantottero4980]

Great video! A sad and shameful (and stupid) page of history, for Europe and Christianity, but a magnificent video!

[@johnconcerto8721]

The question is, when will Constantinople become once more a cow pasture?

[@lerneanlion]

Question: Why the government in Istanbul did not demand for the statue head of Justinian and the four bronze horses back from Venice?

[@mylesmerola4750]

Cause they know they would never give them back. If those horses were still there after the Muslim conquest they would be lost to time now.

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

@@mylesmerola4750 true muslims were worst at keeping unbelievers monuments, polytheism is great sin in stupid religion of ☪️

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

1. They are not Romans nor they are their continuation, Hypodrom literally was destroyed to it's bedrock cuz of muslims for example 2. Monuments were stolen from the empire that doesn't exist anymore 3. If anyone should ask for Justinians statue and Bronze horses it would be greece This should be common sense It's pretty wild that in the comment section at this age when u can basically research anything, u still find people that ask moronic and room temperature IQ questions

[@josiprakonca2185]

Those belong to Christian city. When Constantinople is Christian again, that can happen.

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

@@josiprakonca2185 slažem se

[@waltonsmith7210]

fifty thousand is still a big population for that era

[@badgamemaster]

The 4th. Crusade... one of the two greatest mistakes of the Crusades.

[@bioliv1]

It was the barbaric Franks who melted down the statues, not the cultivated Venetians, who valued art.

[@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526]

Once a barbarian always a barbarian.

[@leftentantsniffles8522]

1450 Constantinople. Got to see how it ended :(

[@zahirhussain5913]

Pl read this history ; ( i ). " The main reason for Ottaman success , however , was the development of stable and permanent institutions of government that transformed a tribal polity into a workable state ". ( ii ) " The Ottamans utilized all human resources in their emirate and quickly learned skills in bureaucracy and diplomacy ........ They also did not slaughter every Christian in their path ; rather , they encouraged the Christian inhabitants of the countryside and the towns to join them . Islamic law and tradition declared that enemies who surrendered on demand should be treated with tolerance . ( iii ). " The Christians of Bithynia were obliged to pay the ' harac ' , or capitation tax , for the privilege of being tolerated , but this was no more burdensome than the taxes they had paid to the Byzantine government , which had neglected their interests . Once they had made the decision to surrender or defect , the Byzantine population resigned to their fate ". " Some Christians converted to Islam upon joining the Ottamans ; however, this was not demanded . Many local Christians even participated in Ottaman raids against Byzantium ". BOOK : Encyclopaedia of the Ottoman Empire . AUTHOR : Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters . Edition : 2009 page -109 . "Existing sources , such as the 25th century Ottoman census records , suggest that the earliest converts to Islam in the Balkans came from the ranks of the Balkan nobility and military elite that could supply the Ottomans with the manpower ............. BOOK : Encyclopaedia of the Ottoman Empire . AUTHOR : Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters . Edition : 2009 page -146 .

[@kaloarepo288]

I think the empire was doomed after the battle of Manzikert which was a massive victory for the Seljuk Turks in which the Byzantine emperor was made a captive and had to be ransomed but back home he was written off as a hopeless loser.All downhill after that as Turks infiltrated in large numbers and took most of Anatolia to be followed by the even more dangerous Ottoman Turks.Constantinople's position was both advantageous and very vulnerable at the same time as it seemed to be surrounded by hostile hordes often nomadic on all sides.I think there were too many eggs in the Constantinople basket and decentralization would have ensured greater security for the empire -like the Chinese who often changed their imperial capitals.

[@Jg-jg6jb]

Manzikert was not according to contemporary sources a major loss. While the Emperor was captured, he was later on returned and the Turkish Army turned back almost immediately after the victory. The real tragedy of Manzikert was the fact that when the Emperor returned home everyone, I mean EVERYONE wanted to oust him and thus a civil war began between if I remember correctlym 3-5 contenders. When this war was raging, the Imperial armies couldn't focus as a unified force to counter the invasion of Suleiman ibn Qutalmish. So in short, it wasnt the actual battle of Manzikert which doomed the Eastern Roman Empire, but rather the ripple effect caused by the consoquences of the Emperor being humiliated and then his authority being questioned.

[@kaloarepo288]

@@Jg-jg6jb I believe a big reason for the loss was the defection to the Seljuks of the Turkish mercenaries employed by the Byzantines -I'm not sure but I presume they were Christian Turks who decided ethnicity trumped religion!

[@Jg-jg6jb]

@@kaloarepo288 Yeah it was a contingent of Pecheneg troops who defected to the Seljuk side. However, it had nothing to do with race or anything. The Pechenegs were Turks but they werent that close to the Oghuz who made up the Seljuk empire.

[@kaloarepo288]

@@Jg-jg6jb If I am not wrong the Pechenegs were the people referred to by the Russians as the Polotsvi -as in the Polotsvian dances from the opera "Prince Igor" from which a tune was extracted in the 1950's to make the song "Stranger in Paradise,"

[@ericponce8740]

The Turks got the crumbs in 1453; the False Crusade in 1204 got the whole cake.

[@zenglider2145]

Good perspective. It would be like invading Detroit and portraying the event as the fall of a great american metropolis.

[@barittos5585]

The turks spent centuries trying to demolish the siege than you

[@OptimusMaximusNero]

Crusaders after the sack of Constantinople: "Thanks for everything, guys. By the way, sorry if our visit was...unorthodox" 😉 Constantinopolitans: 🖕

[@FliGhtxMaN30]

Ezio?

[@WagesOfDestruction]

Can these people be considered crusaders by the time they took Constantinople?

[@markmuller7962]

The irony of western Rome ruined by a Christian roman emperor while the eastern Rome (Constantinople) being ruined by the western Christians... And everybody blaming the barbarians and the Muslims

[@JohnWick_jr]

In my opinion, the Christians of that time played a similar role in the destruction of the ancient Roman civilization as the socialists play in the destruction of our civilization today. Unfortunately, both actions lead to a dark age.

[@mylesmerola4750]

You can’t blame the muslims. The 4th crusade ended the Byzantine empire ,It was a shell after. If the ottomans didn’t take the city someone else would of.

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

@@villamedj3533 valid point

[@besileiarhomaion8726]

Sad thing, but muslims indeed damaged the empire but empire it self survived it and heal and continued to exist even having 2 golden ages and than west came(just like now) and fucked everything up, islam couldn't destroy Eastern Rome but west destroyed Rome for them... Even Manzikirt didn't do as much as 1204, for matter of fact Eastern Romans entered into second golden age during the reign of Alexios and his son and grandson ... So to sum it up, no islam didn't destroy Estern Roman nor did turks they wounded it but it heal and got much stronger and than came west that gave them mortal wound and that it how they ended....

[@thefaramith8876]

@@villamedj3533 Do you really think Ottomans erased Byzantine culture?

[@BryantMoore87]

It can't be the "Final death knell" if you're still around to be killed 200 years later. Yes, it was the blow from which Constantinople would never recover, but the city wasn't dead. They would be raped, murdered, and finally killed in 1453. All Romaness of the city would be rooted out thereafter, leaving the occupied husk that is there today.

[@thefaramith8876]

yea sure buddy Turks always worse right... doesnt matter the damage crusaders have cost.

[@BryantMoore87]

@@thefaramith8876 last I checked it's not the Crusaders who are still occupying Constantinople So yeah they're worse

[@rrrr2203]

Bro nobody claim that Constantinople was a great city When the Ottomans conquered it

[@koksalceylan9032]

Maiorianus,was the Ottoman Empire a Roman Empire too?.

[@WordsFromPeter]

I like your channel a lot but I don't agree with your characterization of Constantinople falling in 1204. It's a vision that doesn't hold more recent and serious historical scrutiny. It exaggerates the level of decay in the decades following 1204 (very much like the level of decay following 476 AD is often exaggerated as you pointed out in another video) and ignores many aspects of true restoration efforts following the sack. Whilst it is true that the city never fully returned to its former glory, it did however recover enough to stand for another 250 years. Even the Latin Emperors made efforts to rebuild it, most notably Henry of Flanders. But it's of course Michael Paeleogos who carried out the most impressive restoration works when he retook the city, and he also managed to repopulate it greatly. In my opinion, as bad as the Fourth Crusade was, it was really the Ottomans who were the final nail in the coffin.

[@retrogamermax8287]

Katara: "Jet your so bad!" Zuko: But I thought you were the Avatar's girl? Katara: "He is like a little brother to me" walks forward and kisses Zuko

[@apangel100]

An interesting video I should have enjoyed but gave up watching due to the no of adverts.

[@vitorpereira9515]

Crusaders: The Romans started first! 👉

[@josiprakonca2185]

They did, in fact.

[@josiprakonca2185]

You're wrong. Constantinople was impoverished in 1204., but it was still Greek and Christian city. After the Ottoman conquest, the Turks had only the empty shell of a city, it took decades to fill it back with people and life.

[@tobygoodguy4032]

Christian nihilism. Its a common thread to this very day. 🤠

[@dewd9327]

Latin nihilism

[@tobygoodguy4032]

@@dewd9327 Amen. 🤠

[@OptimusMaximusNero]

Statue of Zeus at Olympia while burning: "Come to Constantinople, they said...Safe from the Christians you will be, they said..."

[@foreverraining1522]

Rome fell in 476 AD because it was no longer RULED by romans. The word "fall/fell" does not imply the falling of bricks and buildings. Try to see the bigger picture.

[@hazzmati]

Nope not true nothing changed for the Eastern Roman Empire because their capital was Nova Roma/Constantinople, Rome became virtually irrelevant after the 4th century.

[@mercianthane2503]

You are quite correct. The Western Roman Empire fell when it become a monarchy. No longer was the superpower of antiquity. A Germanic warlord was the king.

[@Muramasa1794]

The term “Byzantine” Empire is a lie. It was always the Roman Empire. The Empire of the Romans!!

[@estellasalmi9409]

I'm sorry, but I rather trust real reserchers and university professors on history matters. Nowadays just anyone, able to use computer, can declare him/herself an expert of any field. Talking about the irony of declining culture...

[@thadtuiol1717]

Istanbul reverted to Allah's rule, as will all capital cities one day. Inshallah!

[@foreverraining1522]

"The history of the city of Constantinople is..." ****SIMILAR*** not similarly. Similarly is an adverb. Similar is an adjective that modifies "history". Learn english.

[@zahirhussain5913]

How Christian Romans ruled their Empire ? " During the 960 AD , Crime (in Constantinople ) was rife , especially in the dark and crowded quarters . Prostitution flourished , one visitor primly asserting that just as Constantinople exceeded other cities in wealth , so it excelled them in vice. Various attempts had been made by the authorities to stamp it out , including the creation of a sanctuary for those who wanted to escape exploitation . It was much more common , however , for emperors to be numbered among the clients than among the rescuers of prostitutes." " In around 1200 , a riot began over the arrest and flogging of a thief. The crowd were incensed because they knew that the man had been acting on the no order of a corrupt prison governer, John Lagos , who set his charges free by night to steal and then took a cut of the proceeds ". Book : CONSTANTINOPLE capital of byzantium AUTHOR : Jonathan Harris page : 131, 139 EDITION 2007 " Constantinople itself is squalid and fetid and in many places afflicted by permanent darkness, for the wealthy overshadow the streets with buildings and leave these dirty, dark places to the poor and to travellers. There murders and robberies and other crimes of the night are committed.People live untouched by the law in this city, for all its rich men are bullies and many of its poor men are thieves. A criminal knows neither fear nor shame, for crime is not punished by law and never comes entirely to light.' "By the time of Justinian we know that the Mese, the 'Middle Street' that ran through the city from east to west, was a busy daily market - and that 'more than 500 prostitutes' conducted their business there according to Procopius". Book: TASTES OF BYZANTIUM , the cuisine of a legendary empire Author : Andrew Dalby Edition : 2010 p - 38 ,60 " Constantinople had many brothels - the most famous were located in side streets near the Forum of Constantine. Foreign visitors were shocked by the vice they saw in the streets, especially the prostitutes who openly worked the streets. The Crusaders expressed dismay at them and then patronized them. The city regulated prostitution under the city prefect and they were taxed.....One can assume women also worked independently as sex workers throughout the city. They also worked privately in the neighborhoods of the city, living in shacks right alongside churches. One account says they could be very noisy - you could hear them in the local church during services - which indicates drinking was probably going on there, too. The church seems to have ignored the trade..... Some of the annual religious holidays associated with specific saints had devolved into excuses for drunkness , ribaldry and licentiousness......Ode of Deuil, who visited Constantinople for 23 days in 1147 with the French King, Louis VII and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, reports : Constantinople is Christian in name, not in fact. Source : " Daily life in 12th century Constantinople" Author: Bob Atchison www.pallasweb.com/deesis/daily-life-in-constantinople.html

[@lmccampbell]

Even at its weakest, the Ottomans were barely able to take the city.

[@jasonellis112]

And then sadness came at the year 1453 a.c after the Muslim Mongol Turkish barbarian tribes invated this magnificent beauty of all times...Hope one day Constantinople returns to its legal owners and Agia Sofia (Saint Sofia) becames the biggest Church once again worshiping Jesus for ever and given to the rest of the world the light 🕯️ and the right answers!!!! Amen!!!

[@zahirhussain5913]

Aya Sofia is ours. It was abandoned building changed to spritual building ( mosque ) by the conqueror mehmed II . So , it was not stolen by muslims . Museum also ours. U people have no business either in mosque or museum. Now , it functioned as museum and mosque. Why ur ancestors abandoned the building? How was it happened ? This is because of ur ever enemies catholics. To know this fact , read " the siege and fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD " By : Marios Philippides and Walter K Hanak. Edition 2011 U request with ur orthodox ruling countries to maintain the mosque as atleast museum other than dance club, bar and etc.

[@zahirhussain5913]

The fact is that during the last months of Byzantine Constantinople, the Great Church had been avoided by the pious Orthodox, who had concluded that their cathedral had been contaminated by Catholic rites during the celebration of the union between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches in December 1452....... After the celebration of the union, the church never functioned properly and was regarded as the abode of demons and as a pagan temple, " and the Great Church was considered by them to be a refuge of demons and a Hellenic temple. Where were the candles? Where was the oil for the lamps? Everything was in darkness and there was no one to prevent it...........Santa Sophia became a focal point for the Greeks only after the Turks entered the city, when the population flocked there in search of asylum. " Evidence: Tears of the Great Church Author : Marios Philippides Page : 724 So , the Aya Sofia not stolen by muslims. That building ( Hagia Sophia ) was abandoned by orthodox patriarch and people. Muslim rulers took abandoned building.