WARNING! I am going to talk about Linear Power Supplies. Should be interesting. Difference, Yes/No?

[@OGNewb]

I have a ifi silent power 2 I I love it. It’s not a lps but a good quality switching supply, with noise canceling. I can notice a big improvement and it’s like $80.

[@ryanbmd7988]

Ordered! Thanks for making this video Ed, awaiting my J2S in the next week or two. Anne Drummond and Hania Rani are in steady rotation and the pups approve! Happy New Year! 🎉

[@OldGuyHifi]

You didn't have to do that. Thank you so much for your support. Give the girls a good tussle for me.

[@PioneerDoom7114]

Great video Ed and glad you put out this video. I currently own the Fiio LPS connected to my Gustard DAC it’s amazing I couldn’t believe what I was experiencing!! You explained everything perfectly and that is what I am experiencing as well. If anyone is on the fence on LPS the Fiio is the one to get

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you. Happy New Year.

[@jameskorthals4224]

I really like your tech talks, thanks for the the time you take to do the research.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I appreciate that!

[@BobbyTwoTimes]

Purchased the FiiO on your recommendation. It's on its way. I can't wait to get it in. Thanks for the recommendation and another great video! Happy new year, Ed 🎉

[@OldGuyHifi]

Let me know what you think of it. Thanks.

[@JohnScheppler]

Thanks for your research and feelings on these.

[@sean_heisler]

Fantastic video, Ed! I had been researching linear power supplies for a couple of my items and this is timely. Linear power supplies definitely make a notable difference for sure in my experience. Just placed my first ever order to Ali Express. Thanks, Ed!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you. Happy New Year.

[@jeffreypeterson4020]

Great topic! For those finding out that the Fiio is sold out, try the Topping P50. I use 3 of these. Puts out both 5v and 15 volt and available from Amazon.

[@CookinBeatloaf]

Is it actually new or just showing ads as new? Originally it put out less power than the stock power supply that came with A50/D50

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thanks for the tip!

[@rmzidann]

Thank you Ed. This was extremely helpful. Just yesterday, there was a lot of back and forth on FB Fosi Audio page regarding linear PS. This is a very helpful video!! Cheers and happy New Year! 🙏🏼

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx. Happy New Year.

[@toddt5562]

Thanks Ed. Great detailed info, and interesting that you found some low cost alternatives. I'm definitely a believer that power supply upgrades can make a substantial sonic difference. 👍

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thanks Todd. Happy New Year.

[@AEFisch]

Not surprised it's better. I know way more about computers but the common power supplies are intended to charge batteries and do nothing about delivering "dirty power." With those there will be a difference between users power "cleanliness" in their homes. But driving electronics directly, the power source will very likely change the behavior, especially in something like a DAC where digital is converted to analog vs a power Amp, CD transport or only a streamer itself. Most digital like USB (HDMI) uses buffering and error correction. Optical has timing that might be affected. RCA digital for sure has no data management. The analog output is probably directly affected by variance in the power it receives and where you are likely to hear it more easily. Maybe in an amplifier if your power source isn't stable. Power cleanliness can be measured if someone wants to do that project. Thanks!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you so much for your support. That is very generous of you and I appreciate it.

[@briankelly7986]

Thanks for doing this video. This is an important issue for me. I really appreciate this.

[@briankelly7986]

Hopefully you can do a review on the popular ifi power supplies. They've got two but it's not clear to me if one is better than the other. Thanks again.

[@sopasadena1499]

Right on Ed. Using a Finished LPS 12v lps on ebay on my j2s 4493 with sparkos 2590. Confirm a huge improvement over stock power supply. Nice find with fio

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx. Happy New Year.

[@ginom407]

Great Review Ed. I have the Fiio Jade power supply powering my J3 dac. It's a great power supply! And yes, I wish it had a dual output so I could power another unit (headphone amp). Thanks Ed! 👍👍👍

[@OldGuyHifi]

Happy New Year my friend.

[@Artemis_Prix]

Hi Ed, Happy New Year! Thank you so much for taking this topic on, and doing it very well! My experience adding a LPS to my J2S with the Sparkos SS2590 Pro op-amps was exactly analogous to what you had experienced with the SS2590 driven Dayzee. Just an amazing improvement ... much more authoratative notes, stronger bass, more depth to the soundstage, etc. Like Neil Blanchard, I had chosen to buy a dual variable LPS from Pine Tree Audio. While it was pricey in comparison to the ones you tested (~$500 or so), most of that cost was due to customization so that I could use it with other streamers and DACs and thus not be limited to a fixed 5v and 12v output. I believe their cheapest LPS is around ~$300 or so. Going with Pine Tree was my choice driven, in part, by knowledge from others who had great experiences, as well as subject matter experts ( Neil), and also in part, by wanting to send my USD to a US entity. That's not to say I don't buy Chinese made HiFi products - I certainly do, particularly when I'm adding a new type of gear to my system (e.g., streamer). But, here, I had the choice to support local and had the confidence knowing it would be a high quality product (again thanks to Neil and others). Wishing you all the best in the New Year!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx. Happy New Year.

[@charleskatz2606]

Thanks!

[@OldGuyHifi]

That is so generous. Thank you so much for your support. I appreciate it. Happy New Year.

[@CatFoodDraino]

I’ve purchased 12v transformer based power supplies that are cheap. They have transformer, cap, and full bridge rectifier. Then I’ll add a 12v regulator, 100uf + .01 on the input and output of the regulator. Works amazingly!!

[@OldGuyHifi]

That's a neat project. Thx for sharing it.

[@goodsound4756]

Yes better power supplies can make a noticeable difference. Bought one for my streaming preamp and I couldn't believe the positive difference it made. On the other hand, I tested one for my switch and I couldn't tell if there is a difference or not.

[@mcgjohn22]

quite agree with your findings. Have been switching out switchers for linear supplies for a number of years. Almost always a lower noise floor, and better resolution. Dynamics can be improved as well. For those on a budget there are quite a few China suppliers now offering toroid linear supplies with multiple output taps and larger VA ratings.

[@bizmofunyuns6463]

I did a linear ps upgrade on my BlueSound node, enormous difference.

[@stephengray6239]

Great set of comparisons, Ed, and a topic that has needed this kind of approach for a long time. Thanks!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@jimfarrell4635]

Im a big fan of the little iFi iPower low noise switch mode supplies. Ive usèd them extensively and have always felt they improve SQ. They also come with not just a smorgasbord, but a plethora, indeed a veritable feast of useful connectors. Just in the last few weeks I took delivery of several A32 dual linear PSUs from Ali Express, $38 before tax and delivery. Super well built and very impressive. Approach the quality of my £250 MCRU linear supplies which were my gold standard, but much cheaper.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I have considered purchasing an iFi wall wart to compare. I did just order another iFi AC purifier for my new AC power conditioner/surge protector. I do like their stuff. Thx Jim.

[@adsph]

Well done Ed. Thanks for covering this. I find these PS units interesting.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Happy New Year Chris.

[@adsph]

@ Happy New Year Ed !

[@frankgeeraerts6243]

Decays fade away into the black silence ...... Deeper inside into the music = deeper connevted to the music and also gaining interest in listening to those recordings you rather avoided before . For decades we experimented withcomparing linear PS to more modern circuits, mostly regulated and switching PS.......in the majority of all results and on a musical evalution basis the better linear PS wins ! Besides the secret of a good PS is not the overdesigning the values of capacitors but the implementation of the PS.......and the know how how to design and build it . Very honest review and thanks for sharing your experience !

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you for the kind words. Happy New Year.

[@thinkIndependent2024]

Ed what can I say? But Excellent !!! Agreement on all your observations. Few Notes: Technically there are 3 types of power supplies low frequency switching that most call Linear, Higher frequency SMPS then Direct Current like AGM, Lithium,Super Capacitor et cetera. I currently build my own power supplies for pennies on the dollar that maintain low noise in the nano volt ripple range. When I eliminated the noise from my PC the oscilloscope confirmed operation at STUDIO GRADE sound we can all get there.

[@galessi1226]

Can you recommend any videos on building your own lps?

[@ChicagoRob2]

I bought a very nice LPS from Aliexpress. It was well-constructed and used high-quality parts. Unfortunately, it sucked the life out of my system. It flattened the soundstage and killed the dynamics. By comparison, the 5V SMPS that came with the DAC, ended up sounding more lively, with a deeper, wider soundstage. Just because it’s a LPS, doesn’t mean it’ll make your system sound better.

[@MidFiGuy]

@@ChicagoRob2 Rob Watts says he actually prefers SMPS as they have more reliable performance in his DACs. He also speaks of the cons of LPS which it sounds like you're dealing with.

[@jkim4712]

I had similar experience and I ended up making my own LPS. I used AliExpress LPS on Wiim pro and it was only ok quality. I had to use higher current main board, twice bigger trans, add EMS filter, increase the main capacitors, use extra audiophile quality bypass cap on 3 stage filtering, silver plated wiring on power in and out, high quality inlet and etc. I had to try many different extra parts and had to pick the parts that can make sound I want. Only after all this modification I was able to make big difference. Now it is as good as next level streamer like Eversolo A6. Just buying any LPS off the shelf will not guarantee meaningful improvement.

[@galessi1226]

Any recommendations for a newbie Foyer...on videos for building a LPS?

[@MichaelBruceTaos]

AMAZING!!! I've been looking for linear PSUs forever.. cheap ones. This is the best video i've seen this year! Thank you!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Glad I could help!

[@kevindillinger3699]

I just added the LHY LPS (which does have (2) 12v taps) to my Geshelli J2S with the Sparkos 2590 and bought it through TEK Audio. Have to say I totally agree with you in your assessment. WOW!

[@sqcaraudio]

I found an excellent power source for depth and image on a dac is a GaN charger with PD. Just order the right barrel jack you need with PD ie 12v or 5v. The sound beats my tests with straight up smps and budget unregulated linear bricks.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Great info. Thx.

[@ericboehm4529]

Excellent review Ed. I run linear supplies (12 & 5 volts) in my main system. Clean DC is revelatory.

[@roig8578]

Thanks. Good topic. I think that for my Geshelli Labs JNOG2 [J2S] Socketed I will get the HIFI audio dedicated 10W DC linear power adapter. I just do not have room for the FiiO. I need a good LPS for my Pro-ject Pre Box RS Analog preamp (18V), maybe LHY or HIFI offer some; I will look around. Thanks again.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Let me know what you think once you get it.

[@KLiNoTweet]

Interesting indeed. Never even thought about PSUs. So I subscribed. Happy new year 😊

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thanks for the sub!

[@bespey]

That 12v/15v switch on the back of the fiio/jade psu would make me a little nervous. Not sure sending 15v to a 12v device would be damaging but it might

[@OldGuyHifi]

I dint think it would happen by accident.

[@bespey]

@@OldGuyHifi famous last words 😉

[@steveh545]

Cool. Looking forward to watching this (a little later). Been trying to figure this stuff out. Good timing.

[@NeilBlanchard]

Ed - I *completely* concur that a high quality power supply can make a *stunning* and *wonderful* improvement to quality of music reproduction - with a DAC *and* I have found the same to be true with a streamer. For this reason, I really like a dual voltage/output LPS - 12V for my Dayzee (or J2S etc), and 5V for my Bluesound Node 2i. The Node needs to have its internal switch mode PS replaced with a board that has a DC input jack and additional regulation and filtering/capacitance - in order to use an external 5V DC power supply. There are two companies that make these - PD Creative (in Poland I believe?) and Beatechnik (who are sibling company to Vinshine I think?) - and Beatechnik can also sell you a LPS with a 115V US plug. I have used a dual voltage LPS branded Sigma 11 from an AliExpress seller - that is built very well and looks like a little power amp. The issue I had was this shipped with a 2.1mm barral plug - that was labeled 2.5mm (which is the correct size). I have no idea if this is still an issue? I also have a custom LPS made by Pine Tree Audio - 12V / 4A and 5V / 3A that is sturdy and sounds great, but ain't cheap.

[@Mark198d]

Sigma 11 is not the brand. Those are unauthorized copies of designer AMB's Sigma11 DIY power supply.

[@NeilBlanchard]

@@Mark198d Thanks - I did not know that.

[@LelandPratt-nw9ix]

Hi Ed, really enjoyed your review. I’ve used a topping E50 with a P50 for a couple years. Seen good things about the Geshelli but I don’t like ordering from the US. Wish chip swapping worked with Topping! Happy new year!

[@robertmcdougall3166]

Enjoyed your video on a topic which is much discussed just now, very informative, thanks. Must go and look at your other videos now.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Awesome, thank you!

[@winstonmcgill6667]

Very very informative. I have a Dayzee on order definitely going to upgrade the power supply.

[@Finlander89]

I got the FiiO PL50 a couple months back when I upgraded my desk setup with Hifiman Arya Stealth and FiiO R7. It's been hard for me tell a major difference between the PSUs. I'm new to the hobby but apparently the R7 should benefit a lot from it but since the R7 takes a while to boot up after switching PSUs (it's an android based streamer/dac/amp) it's hard for me tell the difference with the lag between samples.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I thought the R7 had an internal power supply? After a closer look at the device, my guess is that the internal power supply is a good one regardless of type and that's why you are not hearing much of a difference. I hope that helps. Thank you so much for your view and comment.

[@kennethoransky4881]

I experiment with 5 Volt dacs. Specifically the Topping D50s and the E30II lite. The D50s has a Burson v5i opamp. Instead of linear power supplies, I use a 5 volt battery pack feeding a bank of super capacitors. I've compared this against the ifi iPower 2 and iPower X supplies. The difference is night and day. All the benefits you have described. This is absolutely pure DC. No ripple whatever. The super capacitors power the dacs with the battery pack just keeping the super capacitors charged. This as I'm sure you know has also been done with phono preamps. It's just now gaining traction with dacs.

[@ultimateiphonedng8756]

Ah yes, I have used switch modes, built several stiff linear supplies and used large battery supplies with caps and sometimes regulators. This includes dacs, preamps, power amps. Without doubt a solid battery supply sounds the best of all, especially with high efficiency open baffles where massive dynamics can burst forth from an inky blackness. BTW, I have a SMSL SU1 in my office running via a battery supply instead of USB. The difference between the two setups is extraordinary. The main downside of Batteries is when you get to power amps and need either higher voltages ie 36-48v or dual rail voltage feeds, it then gets expensive for large deep cycle units and a bit complex re charging etc. I’ve also run open baffles subs with high quality car amps and very large 12v battery, this also works amazingly well. Anyhow for those with a tweakers bent batteries are a fun option to try.

[@brandond92]

I assume you have a battery charger? Do you switch it off when you are listening to music? Are there DIY instructions / parts list somewhere for the 5V setup?

[@ultimateiphonedng8756]

@@kennethoransky4881 In my case I never connect the charger when listening. In my main system, which is currently dismantled but will soon be up and running again I have relays that control multiple chargers for all batteries so I can switch with a single flick between play and charge. I also run the Phono amp on batteries and caps, it is probably here that the difference is most obvious. Years ago I experimented with a cheap NOS DAC on battery power and several cheap mods, that sounded pretty incredible. Unfortunately I blew the chip up by accidentally reversing the polarity and have never been able to replace it.

[@kennethoransky4881]

@@ultimateiphonedng8756 I've tested the configuration with the charger connected and disconnected. I haven't heard a difference.

[@myaudioquest]

My main LPS is the KECES, however, for those with less money I recommend iFi power supplies or on the cheap go for Fosi Audio DC Power Filter for $20 each. BTW, the Fosi is for 12 volts and above NOT 5 volts. Cheers

[@vendelius]

Great Video... thank you and Happy New Year to You

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx. Happy New Year to you.

[@charleskatz2606]

Hey sending supe you thanks and wishes for a rocking New Year.Keep up the excellent work

[@b.k.7364]

Switch modes have pulled into the lead actually. Have had fantastic luck with ifi's offerings. Expensive but well worth it

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx for tuning in.

[@danab7472]

I use a FiiO PL50 with a FiiO R7 and it made a good difference.

[@DarinLafler]

Off topic but have you done any videos on power conditioners/surge protection? I would love to hear your thoughts on this.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I have not. I may. I like the Furman products with iFi AC Purifier's in the line. I use 2. I just got a new power conditioner/surge protector to test. It was about $65.00 on Amazon. I will report in on that shortly. Tyhx.

[@trevorbartram5473]

Linear voltage regulators have been around since the dawn of ICs. There is tremendous performance variation between the various IC types. While it's not usually possible to roll regulators like opamps, it would be interesting to know which types are used in the PSUs tested?

[@bespey]

What are some good brands/models of regulators to look for when shopping?

[@Pete.across.the.street]

@@bespey Sparkos labs are good. Used them on my Eversolo DMP-A8

[@trevorbartram5473]

There are many manufacturers (TI & Analog-Devices/LTC are my faves) & literally 1000s of types. You need to take an EE course to sort them out.

[@bespey]

@@Pete.across.the.street I’m gonna look into it. Basically unsolder the stock regs and solder in the new? It’s just two pins correct?

[@Pete.across.the.street]

@bespey 3 pins. Just use a large solder tip to get all 3 at once. Make sure you use the same voltage. Some are negative voltage. Sparkos take up a lot of room. If space is tight, try lhy audio ones

[@carlitosgomez71]

You should try a good PSU on your router/switch if streaming music, ive heard it improves things even further

[@user-od9iz9cv1w]

Great discussion. The only surprise to me was how reasonably priced some of these PS are. In a DAC, the power supplies are the big deal in bringing out the best any chip can produce. After that it is the output stage and the clock. That is why I DIY all this stuff because why not have a great power supply for every consumer. It all gets better. But really, sounds like these budget DACs together with a little better op amp and a little better power supply are a great sound at a budget friendly price.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx. Happy New Year.

[@galessi1226]

Can you point me toward a video that gives clear instructions for a new diyer...on making a linear power supply?( need between 7.5v and 8.2v for a chord mojo)

[@OldGuyHifi]

Unfortunately I don't know of any. Good luck. Thx for tuning in.

[@user-od9iz9cv1w]

@@galessi1226 I don't see any really simple youtube videos. I like to build really simple supplies with point to point wiring. There are kits with a simple PCB. All you need is a transformer, a bridge rectifier, a CRC filter and a voltage regulator. A LM7808 will give you 8V or you can move up a notch to a LM317 and dial in any voltage by choosing the correct resistor. Of course you need a soldering iron and a multimeter to test your stuff. See DIYaudio for some basics. www.diyaudio.com/community/threads/help-with-linear-power-supply-design-for-my-dac.356016/ Once you get comfortable with simple LPS, you can go a little more exotic and build something really clean. I tend to use really low noise regulators and CLCLC filters for the supplies where I really want to obsess over low noise.

[@joeshmoe7485]

I have the Geshelli J2S and I'm using the stock (switched) power supply that came with it. I was considering upgrading to a linear power supply, but I'm just not sure about pulling the trigger. IMO, the J2S sounds great with the stock power supply. As far as "noise floor" goes there is nothing. When there is nothing playing, there is no static or hiss or anything that my ears can pick up as noise. Even if I crank the volume all the way up, there is no hiss or buzz or any underlying noise. So, I feel like I don't need this, and if I did it, I wouldn't be able to tell anyway. Perhaps my speakers are not sensitive enough to make me notice any difference.

[@OldGuyHifi]

When I discuss noise floor I am not talking about hiss or noises that you are listening for. It is kind of difficult to describe until you hear it. The reduction in noise floor opens up the fine detail and imaging cues that are in music. It is kind of akin to cleaning a window. You can see what's on the other side but when clean you see a sharper and more colorful details. I hope that helps you. Thx for the good comment.

[@greghughart6132]

Thanks much for covering this undercovered topic. One question- regarding the Jade audio PS ($130?), what output cables come with the unit and can we power more than one unit with this PS?

[@OldGuyHifi]

It comes with a standard center polarity 2.5mm barrel connector which fits 90% of the DACs that I have had come though here. It unfortunately doesn't the ability to power more than a single device. Thx.

[@brenthealy7014]

Ed, thank you for the information. I have a question about the hifi brand what volt and amperage were you testing with? I wanted to get for the zd3.

[@OldGuyHifi]

The link will take you to the right page and you can only pick the voltage. You want 12 volts. That will work great with the ZD3. Happy New Year.

[@trevorbartram5473]

Hi Ed, you're a brave man to be listening to PSUs! You may have noticed the Aliexpress $28 PSU has a common-mode choke on its DC lead. Depending upon the quality of one's house AC wiring I'd advocate trying chokes on the DC lead (where it exits the PSU) before changing PSUs. You may have chokes from previous purchases (TVs, computers etc). Common-mode AC noise exists for both transformer & switch-mode PSUs. Wind as many turns on the choke as physically possible, there is no detriment to normal operation. If your house is subject to high power RF interference I'd put a choke on both ends of the DC lead. Good luck!

[@phillipmorris9847]

i put a choke on the DC lead of the stock psu close to the input of the dac and indeed it helps. now im using the ifi elite its about $100 more than i think it should be but wow.

[@colombowala]

Can I use PC SMPS choke present at its output rails for this? WHat are your thoughts on line filter chokes?

[@sean_heisler]

When you say choke, do you mean a ferrite core? If so, I put a ferrite core on my iFi Zen Stream's DC cable not long ago and noticed a definite but subtle improvement.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I use chokes on lot's of cables. I will be doing a video on that next year. Thx. Happy New Year.

[@ProducerMC]

What is a choke?

[@desertrat9515]

Thank you for a year of informative videos. I purchased FiiO K11 R2R and am using it as a dac from my bluray player to my tube stereo system. I'm usually playing my turntables(1229/721), this gave me an added option to the tube system at a reasonable cost. If I want to upgrade the power supply would a 12v 5 amp be too much? does it have to be a 12v 3 amp? thanks for your time. Ren

[@OldGuyHifi]

I am glad you are enjoying it. Thank you. Happy New Year.

[@MrDoneboy]

Happy New Year, Ed!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you. Happy New Year back at you.

[@Brian_Romska]

Nice, I’ve got a j2s, gonna get the sparkos soon, and if I could get a bit more out of it with a better power supply, cool. I’ve also got an ifi zen dac v2, I don’t think it’s worth getting the ifi ps, but now I do need some kind of ps for it, wondering if I could get a $5 usb to barrel plug cable and power it from a $20 battery bank? Thanks again Ed!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Brian, I am going to be doing an update on this. I have a battery pack that I have been running my J2S off of with good results.

[@hcr2ligna83]

There is on Ali a 60-70 dollar LPS that will be the same or at least close to the fio's performance and it actually has the 2 outputs that you want! Breeze hifi 😉 i have it and it powers my J2 and my fosi p3 tube buffer... Its freaking awsome🤤

[@kineahora8736]

Nice. I think that BRZ has 25 W which on a 12V unit means 2 Amps. What concerns me is the two taps-I wonder if each tap only has 1A available. The Fosi ZD3 wall wart delivers 1.5 Amps and the BRZ might not do enough current to power a DAC expecting 1.5-2 amps, unless it can supply 2 amps into a single output port when only 1 is plugged in… Because otherwise this unit is nice and small-well built, and I saw another KZbinr tested and only 10 mV ripple which is far below the ripple on very cheap wall-warts…

[@hcr2ligna83]

@kineahora8736 you can check Hifi Zone on youtube he has good videos, i thought he said this Breeze hifi LPS has 3mv ripple. And the output.. i didnt measure but it doesnt get hot and im pushing it driving those jan 5654 tubes

[@kineahora8736]

@@hcr2ligna83 no actually I listened to that video before coming here- he said 10 mV ripple for this one which he thought was good. And I believe almost all the units with two taps have the wattage divided amongst the taps, and the full wattage is not available to either tap. The one he tested with only 5 mV was a different brand-I think he said Sengterbelle. I’ve also seen that some people who know what they’re doing have made power supplies with nano-volt ripples (1 MILLION times lower than any of the stuff we are talking about here), and it has all to do with the voltage regulators they use. I don’t know enough about it to even say much more. They said an issue was the newer more modern regulators are much better but generally produce far less current and there are some tricks and tweaks they have devised to raise the current back up… I don’t think you would see an underpowered unit get hot-but the music would probably be starved of any dynamics as the units wouldn’t get enough power at the peaks. What I have *not* seen is a demonstration that less ripple = better sound, or that the downstream units receiving the power are adversely impacted by ripple in a measurable way… and in particular what levels of ripple you can really hear… I just read an article saying that 100 mV ripple is generally considered “ acceptable” but that “ good” power supplies generally have 10 mV or less. While we all know that ripple is bad, and lower ripple is better- it becomes a game of knowing what level is really causing a problem that is detectable, and what exceptionally low level is unnecessary “overkill”…

[@hcr2ligna83]

@kineahora8736 Interesting thanks! About the dynamics.. both my devices the dynamics improved with the BRZ lps before i had a home made (not by me) lps with 1 output just to my dac this thing was build overkill all the way 120.000 uf array 100 watt capable monstrosity i compared it to the BRZ on both my dac and my tube buffer.. barely any difference Btw compared it with 103db efficiënt open baffle speakers

[@kineahora8736]

@ im starting to look at all this now-im planning to build DiY open baffle speakers as well! But I came across this whole rabbit hole! So I just rewatched the HiFi zone relevant videos: he said a random huawei wall-wart SMPS had 200 mV measured ripple, the Mean Well (well-regarded) wall wart had 80 mV ripple, BRZ 25 watt linear had 10 mV, and the larger Sengterbelle 50W had 5 mV. He also said the Sonic Scientific cheap cap-bank filters (not a power supply) had 5-7 mV ripple at the output when fed a source with 15 mV ripple. What *I* want to know is: do most of these DAcs we are using (I’ve got the Fosi ZD3) have an internal pi-filter on their incoming power so that it is *already* ripple-reduced internally, so that getting a lower-ripple external power supply is unnecessary? You and others including Old-guy say they hear a difference, but other people say they don’t. So I wonder is getting a low ripple P.S. actually duplicated by power filters in the DACs already? Or not?

[@RanTausi]

Happy holiday ED, and hope for good 2025 !

[@OldGuyHifi]

Happy holidays!

[@Simon_Hawkshaw]

Your content always appeals to the geek in me. Thank you as always for your great perspectives, technical details, and for sharing this with us all. Could your perceptions of sound differences be a placebo effect? I don't mean to be disparaging of your testing, but with my compromised hearing, I find it very difficult to make out any differences. Most of my units have integrated power supplies and would be interested to hear your perspectives on 'clean' AC power supply effect on units. I use sine wave UPS units to power all my technology. Take care, Sir.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I understand your question. No, I really don't think so. I can distinctly hear a lowering of the noise floor especially in sounds that contribute to soundstage and imaging cues. Room sense, stage depth and decays are cleaner and more discernable certainly with the $28 unit and very obvious with the FiiO unit. I also am testing batteries as well and they are yielding some interesting results well. That will be it's own video. Good question my friend. Best wishes for a Happy New Year.

[@l00d3r]

To add my experiences on this, I also have a sinewave UPS unit with power conditioning. I honestly cannot hear the difference when connecting to a UPS unit without power conditioning or to the wall socket directly. I have several DACs (Chord Qutest, Gustard R26, SMSL DO200 Mk II), several speaker amps (Fosi Za3, SMSL AL200, Topping B100 mono blocks), and two headphone amps (GS-X Mini, SMSL HO200). Regardless of the combination of DAC/AMP I use or how I power those units, I have not been able to hear a difference. My hearing is not terrible, but I don't have golden ears. I can hear up to 15Khz. If there is a difference it might be higher than 15Khz.

[@Simon_Hawkshaw]

​@@l00d3r Thank you for sharing your own experiences. It is a very subjective environment.

[@OldGuyHifi]

@@l00d3r It is very subjective after all. Thx. Happy New Year.

[@l00d3r]

@@OldGuyHifi Happy new year!

[@jp93309]

Any value to changing out 5v power supplies (the ones with a usb-c connection)? Do they even exist? My cheap streamer and dac use them.

[@carlitosgomez71]

Normally yes a better built PSU will always give greater results than a cheapo USB charger

[@homer53029]

Unfortunately the FIIO at the Ali Express link is already sold out.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Yes. They sold quickly.

[@scotsirish4194]

Nice video and thanks for posting as I have quite a few devices using these. My JDS Labs devices are not usable with linear power supplies per their web site FAQ

[@stevemd8947]

Excellent video. Thank you.

[@joelnefph]

The timing of this is impeccable. My system consists of budget gear…. For digital WiiM Ultra > SMSL PO-100 Pro > SMSL SU-1 and for vinyl a Fluance RT-85 > iFi Zen Air Phono > WiiM Ultra Line-In. (I know it digitizes the signal, but I use the WiiM ultra as a preamp to control my TV and these two sources). Since the SU-1 and iFi Zen Air Phono are both 5V devices, I ordered a Topping P50 linear power supple which will power (2) 5V devices at 1A, vis USB outputs. It’ll be nice to connect both sources with a single outlet, but I’m hoping for a sonic difference. Do you have any experience with the Topping P50?

[@OldGuyHifi]

Sorry no expereince with that PS. Once you get it let me know what you think. Thx. Happy New Year.

[@bespey]

Hey bud I was in your position as well, I ran my rt85 into the WiiM but I wanted to hear analog all the way through so I got the Douk t8 pro preamp(it has two analog inputs rca/xlr that you can switch) with the Art Djpre II phono, big difference! I will be upgrading the psu on the phono from 9v to 12v - supposedly a big jump too according to “the internet “. For about $180 you can give that turntable the path it deserves!

[@joelnefph]

@@bespey ya, I’ll probably end up running my iFi Zen Air Phono straight into my amp (Sony STR-DH190 currently). I currently run my receiver as a power amp, setting and forgetting the volume and using the WiiM volume control to best utilize the sub out. I like to add the sub for vinyl playback too, which is why I’m handcuffed to the WiiM for vinyl playback too. (My receiver doesn’t have a dedicated sub out, and the wiims bass management sounds way better than a speaker to line level converter into my sub, from the Sony). But I’m sure a straight analog signal path for vinyl will sound a little more natural.

[@joelnefph]

@@OldGuyHifi bunch of stuff showing up! I will say the RT85 sounds better than expected! Really happy with that table.

[@joelnefph]

@@bespey and ya…. I was thinking the iFi xpower2 12v PS may be a good upgrade for the RT85

[@papermoonmarc]

Compare them to battery power banks.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Working on it. Thx.

[@HerbertShooler]

can be resolved easily get new psu connect to dac etc and see if the dac etc's s/n ratio is improved at its output...then you can say for sure its improving SQ

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thx for tuning in.

[@marcopignone9386]

I have only tried LPSs on an ifi Zen DAC and my pi2AES streamer, but the difference in each case was extremely obvious. You don't need golden ears to hear the improvement in each. Depending on the quality of the PS of the device you might hear no difference or you might hear a huge difference. IMO, you should look into LPS for any components that may benefit before spending more money on cables. Obviously the quality and synergy of the LPS vary significantly as well. I used a $40 LPS on the ifi zendac and a $300 LPS on the pi2AES streamer and was equally as impressed but perhaps the budget LPS would not have been much of a benefit to components with high quality built in PS.

[@Pok-001]

Great video!!! Only question I would propose is the use of switching power supply for DACs and streamers. If you could get same performance for less$$$ Have you rolled any other op amps for the Dayzee? I can’t decide between Sparkos or V7 vivid. Lol

[@OldGuyHifi]

No. Only the stock TI chips and the Sparkos 2590s.

[@AI_177]

On Ali Express for the PL50 I am getting a price of $144.46 plus $22.21 shipping. It doesn't appear to be coming directly from FIOO but rather from GZHYX Audio Amplifier Store. FIIO doesn't appear too be selling them direct. Am I doing something wrong here? Thx

[@OldGuyHifi]

No. FiiO ran out. If you don't need it right away wait a bit and see if FiiO restocks. I am emailing them tonight to see what they are planning. I will post something on the community page when I hear back. Thx.

[@zoltanvlad2729]

I inherited a Monster HTPS 7000 MKII Power Source (Orr. $1300). Does this have me covered as far as noise etc. for my HiFi setup? It has several dedicated power circuits ( High current, audio...etc) and displays a very stable voltage.

[@OldGuyHifi]

That will do a good job conditioning the AC for your gear but we are talking about DC powered devices. Giving a good linear PS a clean supply of AC will certainly yield benefits sonically. Great question. Thx. Happy New Year.

[@rafacq]

Hi Ed. Very interesting video. I have to admit I am not very knowledgeable on power supplies, but knew enough to order the 48v GaN power supply when I bought my little Fosi Audio BT20APro amp. Now I am curious where my 48v GaN falls compared to your reviewed models? All I was aware was that the higher voltage allows the amp to deliver more watts. I know you are getting more messages, if you have a minute can you comment what is a GnA power supply and how does it compare to your units? Wishing you lots of success in the New Year!

[@bespey]

You will want to stick with the Gan switching supply for your power amp. These LPS are for low power devices

[@shaolin95]

These power supplies are very low power so nothing like the Fosi 48v 5a you have

[@OldGuyHifi]

For your amps the GaN supply is just more efficient and environmentally friendly. They are typically smaller too. The power supplies are well designed so no need to replace or upgrade. Thank you for being an OG channel member. I do appreciate it. I hope you have a great New Year.

[@superspeeder]

Another very informative video Ed, thanks! I love it when reviewers look at the value proposition and compare products, in this case does a PSU level-up a DAC or just offer incremental improvements? As soon as you started talking about the Daisy I thought how does it stack against the Laiv? 😊 On that note, since I’m firmly a step down in budget, how do you feel about a full-on 2590 J3 with LPS against a bare-bones Daisy? Are we looking at 80% performance for 80% price? Is the base Daisy more compelling at only slightly more money because it offers an upgrade path? As always I appreciate your thoughts. Happy New Year!!! 🎉

[@OldGuyHifi]

The J3 is very close in sound to the Dayzee. If you are just doing single ended than yes you get 80-85% for half the price. The big difference for me with the Dayzee, LPS aside, was with the 2590s and the balanced output. That was really good. I have not heard the J3 with 2590s on the balanced side so, I am hesitant to offer an opinion. I still use my J2S with 3602s all around and it sounds very, very good too. I promise you that anything from the Geshellis will be be good sounding and well built. Thx. Happy New Year.

[@superspeeder]

@ thanks Ed!

[@deanf9429]

On the FiiO PL50/Jade how well did it work? " Oh my". Made me laugh, great review! I might get one for my J2

[@EvenHarmonics]

Thanks for doing this. Unfortunately, I was sad after watching when I there are no sources under $224 (and that is Ebay). You must have too much influence!

[@OldGuyHifi]

They sold 169 units after my video. They are working on restocking. I spoke to them last night.

[@Feliciano12v]

I tried the BRZ LPS on my WiiM streamer and I didn't notice a difference. My Ares II DAC does have a built-in LPS so I'm not sure if that's doing a really good job or if my home electrical isn't noisy to make a difference. May just be by stereo rig that's not as resolving. Regardless, it didn't work for me so I returned it. I'll consider something like this again in the future when I upgrade my speakers.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Good luck. Thx.

[@commane21]

@@Feliciano12v what are your current speakers?

[@Feliciano12v]

@@commane21 elac UB52

[@jimfarrell4635]

Another quick thought. I think there is an argument that a good, low noise, PSU is especially important with phono stages, where very low signals are being amplified and are perhaps more sensitive to electrical noise. Ive just added an A32 from Ali to my iFi Zen Phono and Waxwing phono stage. (BTW please cover the Waxwing if you can, Ed. It is truly revolutionary.)

[@OldGuyHifi]

Great point. I will try to get a Waxwing. I do have a Schiit Skoll coming in at some point but I also have in house a TEAC PE-505 in for review. Watch this space. Happy New Year my friend.

[@jimfarrell4635]

HNY to you, too. Carry on the good work. Look forward to those reviews. Incidentally, vinyl enhancing tip no.3. An inflatable wheelchair pressure cushion between two pieces of wood (Ikea chopping boards are ideal) under your turntable. It will never skip again. Just did it a few days ago. Now I can dance a jig while listening to...a jig.

[@FatMaul]

Can you record the analog output into audacity or something and actually see objectively if there's a difference using different power supplies? It just doesn't make sense to me that these manufacturers would include a power supply that was objectively worse than something that could be had for an additional $10-$15.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Most of the folks designing these DACs etc. that use SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supplies) are engineers not audiophiles. So things like, cost, efficiency (the EU has new mandates on these types of devices) and size. Here are my notes from researching this topic: 1. Design and Operation: • Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS): Uses high-frequency switching (e.g., transistors switching on and off) to convert electrical energy efficiently. Operates with components like inductors, transformers, and capacitors to regulate voltage. Can handle a wide input voltage range. • Linear Power Supply: Uses a transformer to step down AC voltage to a desired level, followed by rectification and smoothing. Regulates the output using a series or shunt regulator (often a transistor or IC operating in a linear mode). Works by dissipating excess energy as heat to maintain a steady output. 2. Efficiency • SMPS: Highly efficient (often 80-90%) because it minimizes energy loss during conversion. Suitable for applications where power consumption and heat dissipation are concerns. • Linear Power Supply: Inefficient, especially with large voltage drops, as excess energy is dissipated as heat. Efficiency typically ranges from 50% to 70%. 3. Size and Weight • SMPS: Compact and lightweight because high-frequency transformers and smaller components are used. Ideal for portable and space-constrained designs. • Linear Power Supply: Bulky and heavy due to large transformers and heat sinks required for dissipation. Commonly used in stationary or legacy equipment. 4. Noise and Ripple • SMPS: Generates high-frequency noise and ripple due to the switching process. May require extensive filtering and shielding to prevent interference, especially in sensitive audio or RF applications. • Linear Power Supply: Produces minimal noise and ripple. Preferred for noise-sensitive applications like hi-fi audio and test equipment. 5. Cost and Complexity • SMPS: More complex design with active components, control circuits, and filtering. Generally more cost-effective for high-power applications or mass production due to smaller component sizes and higher efficiency. • Linear Power Supply: Simpler design, easier to troubleshoot and repair. Can be more expensive for high-power applications because of larger components and heat management. 6. Application Scenarios • SMPS: Widely used in computers, TVs, LED lighting, and modern audio equipment. Excellent for scenarios requiring high efficiency and compact design. • Linear Power Supply: Found in laboratory equipment, hi-fi audio amplifiers, and older or specialized electronics. Chosen for applications prioritizing low noise and stable output. Summary If you're considering power supplies for audio equipment (like hi-fi systems), a linear power supply is often preferred due to its lower noise. However, SMPS designs have significantly improved in noise performance and may work well with proper filtering, offering efficiency and size advantages. That said those SMPS units can still be quite costly. I hope that helps to answer your concerns. Thanks for tuning in.

[@AntonioLugo-s3w]

I got a linear power supply for my Cambridge audio dacmagic200 and I noticed an overall improvement. This was one was found on Amazon. By the way I was considering upgrading my dac but am torn between the j3 and the fiio k9. What are your thoughts. Thanks Ed.

[@steveh545]

So, how do they work? Why the benefit of a linear power supply? For once I was looking for the technical talk 😆.

[@OldGuyHifi]

In the conversion of AC to DC they do a better job of providing clean ripple free DC voltage at a consistent level.

[@stephenross4333]

Thanks again ! Great info. I've seen it mentioned somewhere, but has there been much done with using a 12V lithium battery as a power source? Seems like that should theoretically be the quietest power supply available to my novice engineer mind.

[@Pok-001]

Read on a blog somewhere that people whole batteries for their audio systems prefer older NiCad batteries over lithium. Something with them being steadier load and less noise. You’re thinking clearly though. Would love to experiment with battery power source for my front end one day.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I am testing that now. Video soon.

[@RudeWolfy]

You do realize that with these devices which take a single DC voltage, most of the heavy lifting is done by the intermediate buck/boost converters which convert to needed working voltages and then (depending in the circuit) the local regulation? The wall-brick is just a part of the power supply.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thanks for the info. Happy New Year.

[@ramonmendoza7125]

FANTASTIC !!!!!! REVIEW!!!!!!

[@OldGuyHifi]

Thank you.

[@greatpix]

I haven't heard anyone actually say what a linear PS does that makes it better. Are there differences in linear PSes? In other words what to look for, what to avoid.

[@MiguelAngelVelazquez]

I don't think it's the linear power supply actually, it is more about the regulation stage. A linear power supply has a transformer to reduce the AC voltage from 120v to close to 18v AC (for a 12v DC PS), then it has a rectifier stage, filtering stage and a final regulator stage which is the implementation of a linear regulator IC. Cheap old regulators like LT317 have less than 1mV ripple and noise. More advance and modern regulators like LT3042 and LT3045 are much better but also more expensive. This is the key. Let me also add that good regulators have a low current output. For example the LT3177 has 1.5A whoch os more than enough for a DAC or streamer. The newer ones have even lower output current 0.5A but there are techniques by using an extra output transitors to increase the output to 1.5A. These newer regulators have 0.8uV micro (not mili) volts of ripple and noise. Aliexpress has LT3042 boards for $16 which you can add to a SMPS to reduce noise and ripple, but you need a 2v higher voltage for the regulator to work. 15VDC works perfect for a 12VDC output for a DAC. Some of these SMPS have an adjustment pot so you can increase the voltage 2V higher.

[@OldGuyHifi]

It is the ability to provide clean, ripple free, well regulated power. A good LPS is well built with a quality transformer and capacitors.

[@LelandPratt-nw9ix]

The engineering and parts quality determines the effectiveness of power supplies and other circuits as well. A class D amplifier is actually a switching power supply following the voltage of its input stage, ditto for a DAC, switching at 44.1 kHz. The price of these devices varies from pennies to thousands of dollars based on that. Linear or switching can be mediocre or great.😊However cheap linear seems better than cheap switching.

[@MSiAventador]

I bought myself a miniUPS Voltronic DC1018P 10Ah to power a Wi-Fi router and switch... and now I'm thinking: "What if I could do the same with the DAC power supply...?" Simply, from my experience, no power supply can compete with a battery.

[@carlitosgomez71]

Battery packs have their problems too

[@grwbt8703]

Unfortunately, the PL50 is no longer available from ALI Express.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Yes. They sold quickly.

[@CookinBeatloaf]

When can or can't you swap the psu? Does this apply equally to source ie a synth to give a blacker background? Amps? Usb hub power supplies?

[@OldGuyHifi]

I find the best results with devices that output lower voltages, like 2 volt line level out from a DAC.

[@VillageIdiot-u2b]

That was brilliant, cheers! I am buying an Aiyima A80 and I'll swap the op-amps as per the HiFi Zone channel, so now I need a recommendation for a 48v 5+amp linear PS for as little money. Recommendation, comment or link welcomed.

[@OldGuyHifi]

The Aiyma A80 is offered with a good 48 volt PS. I do believe it is one of their new GaN PS. Amps don't benefit quite as much from Linear PS as they do with a higher amperage rated PS. Get it with the stock power supply and see. I bet it will sound great. Thx.

[@VillageIdiot-u2b]

@@OldGuyHifi Thank you Sir, you are a gentleman and a scholar!

[@dimitriskontos858]

Hi from Greece. Have you heard or even try a Keces LPS ? They make some expensive LPS with dual output !

[@OldGuyHifi]

Never heard of them. Thanks for the heads up.

[@BarryBianculli]

Nice review Ed. Thanks. I recently found the FLYINSKY 12v LPS (among others) on Amazon for $192. It looks to be well made. I was hesitant to purchase it as I know nothing about that brand. Any chance you could get your hands on one of those and report back on what you think? I'm using a Geshelli J2S with a Sparkos 2590 in the single-ended output. Happy New Year.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Unless the manufacturer is willing to send one I won't be able to. I don't buy products to review. Sorry. Thx.

[@bani_niba]

For something hooked to the wall/mains power, my personal concern would be to use something that has been independently certified for safety - UL, ETL, PSE, TUV. That would be my concern for purchasing something from Aliexpress. I'm not saying avoid all products direct from China, rather get a product where the manufacturer went the extra step and got that safety certification.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Valid concern.

[@Ruger62]

My current question is about power supplies and streamers, specifically DACless or DAC bypassed streamers. I've heard that the BS Node sounds far better with the upgraded adapter board and a LPS.

[@OldGuyHifi]

I heard the same thing.

[@kurtwolter3984]

Does anyone know if the HiFi brand model from Ali fits the input connector on the Wiim Pro?

[@OldGuyHifi]

It should it is a standard barrel connector. It fir all my stuff which is the same as the WiiM power plug.

[@andrewbock3203]

The Fiio is no longer available on aliexpress :(

[@OldGuyHifi]

Yes. I know. They sold quickly.

[@peytonsnead3114]

So do you need power purifier or cleaners and upgraded power supply....or is it either or?

[@carlitosgomez71]

Some people swear by them others not so much, I guess it all depends how good your electric supply is and how much electric interference you have in your home.

[@OldGuyHifi]

Do both. It is cheap insurance.

[@osliverpool]

"I am going to talk about Linear Power Supplies" - that's clickbait to me! 😁👍

[@Ruger62]

lol, I stopped everything else and grabbed a fresh coffee!

[@richh650]

Great video as switching power supplies have taken over the audio industry... unfortunately.

[@greatpix]

Seems to me that you'd need a linear PS on each piece of gear, unless someone makes a unit that has multiple standard AC outlets you can plug into. (That way you wouldn't need a bunch of different tips.)

[@Artemis_Prix]

They do make multi power LPS units. Several companies make dual power units. One of them is Pine Tree Audio. I have one of those. You can either go with fixed voltage on both power outputs, or dual variable. I went with the latter. You can fully customize the unit as well to your specs which the other manufacturers don't provide. Good luck.

[@OldGuyHifi]

That would be cool

[@danielwalsh8168]

How does the Furman PST-8, a power strip with linear powering filter (whatever that means), stack up with the recommendations here? What are the differences between the two? Thanks, Old Guy!

[@jasonk5979]

The power strip has clamping circuitry called vars and other things to try and prevent power strikes IE lightning from damaging equipment. It doesn't change the AC Linear power supplies convert AC to DC. Digital power supplies do the same thing. In my opinion this does nothing to help with audio. But people believe what they want.

[@danielwalsh8168]

@@jasonk5979 Thanks for the info, much appreciated.

[@OldGuyHifi]

They serve two different purposes. The power strip removes AC hum while the linear power supply regulates and filters, in this case, 12 volts DC. Both can help your system sound better. Good question. Thx.

[@OldGuyHifi]

As do you. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Thank you for the view and comment.

[@D1N02]

Power supplies are afterthoughts for most cheaper gear, especially external ones. I have some IFI iPower X 5v, they make a big difference, I also use a Mean Well 12v LRS-50-12, the type in a steel cage you have to attach wires yourself, but it works very well and it's cheap. It is switch mode but better a wall wart. Switch mode can be just as good as linear as long as it is designed well and they didn't just build it to be very cheap. What would really need is for someone to compare a few cheaper ALI power supplies to the ones you can buy from HiFi stores that start at 300 and up (way up).

[@D1N02]

and a Happy new year!

[@OldGuyHifi]

If you do that let me know.