Was Mansa Musa the Wealthiest Person Who Ever Lived?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Europa Universalis IV and its Origins Immersion pack are probably the best way to lead a Sub-Saharan state in a video game: rebrand.ly/KingsandGeneralsEU4

[@suvinsai8821]

Please upload episode series on mughal conquest of India

[@ajithsidhu7183]

Sikh empire please

[@salaarfarooq4841]

When is the third season of early muslim conquests coming out ?

[@geopoliticsnerd213]

Great vedio thanks, plss can you notice me and do one these about how greek came to alexandaria and the great alexandarr and his daughter the great philosopher martyr hypatia of alexandaria we really do need one those

[@HebrewHakaishin]

I'm happy your covering Africans and Africa, its a breath of fresh air. For a second I thought you were a racist eurocentric person, its good to see new different content.

[@aedx4329]

> Be a rich king > decide to go on pilgrimage > give away so much gold you cause massive hyperinflation > refuse to elaborate any further > leaves

[@alomaralsulaiman6501]

@Steffan Blanco Literally Chad was among his empire.

[@fidelio9301]

Giga Chad.

[@fidelio9301]

@shaad shabbeer Sigma grindset

[@YaBoiDREX]

@@alomaralsulaiman6501 It wasn’t. Chad was apart of the empire next door to his, known as Kanem-Bornu.

[@fidelio9301]

@@YaBoiDREX Shame. Chad was deprived of a Chad.

[@HistoryDose]

More recent studies have shown Mansa Musa just had a massive following on Patreon

[@augustuscaesar8287]

*Fact Check:* _True._

[@tauempire1793]

Lmao this is accurate

[@alman29812]

Underrated comment

[@gabrielrezende368]

Actually incorrect, it has been extensively argued by now that he actually had an Onlyfans

[@fidelio9301]

@@augustuscaesar8287 Source: Trust me bro.

[@pabnckncykma1297]

Beta: Printing money and causes hyperinflation and destroys the economy Chad: Appears out of the desert, giving away gold, destroying a whole region's economy. Then buying it back

[@uesugigenki6078]

... Return to the desert, refuse to elaborate further

[@BleedForTheWorld]

Alpha: Uses daddy's money to build a corporation Sigma: Uses own wealth and distributes it to everyone

[@gspaulsson]

something doesn't quite compute. What did he use to buy back the gold, when gold was the standard of value back then? Besides land and slaves.

[@uesugigenki6078]

@@gspaulsson hard commodities : salt, pepper, silk, and the likes

[@cherylsosa2653]

@@iron6672 why do you say that?

[@jamesshaw3500]

The best way to describe his wealth... the chump change he handed out to the poor beggars of Egypt was enough to destroy the Egyptian economy through inflation. That is how rich he was.

[@infinitecontent8001]

FOR A DECADE.

[@braith117]

All built on the backs of slaves. In the end, it seems rather fitting that his predecessors sabotaged their potential to rival the powers of Europe years later because they became almost entirely reliant on slave trade and sold off too many subjects to do anything but trade more slaves.

[@tomuch4u969]

@@braith117 your historical analysis is baffling. You guys never say anything about the feudal system in Europe or Roman slavery. “Slavery”in Mali was serfdom, not great but used everywhere during this time. Musas empire wouldn’t end until the 17th century. Stop being threatened by black people

[@braith117]

@@tomuch4u969 nah, the Mali and their successors were selling slaves up until the British forced them to stop in the 19th century, even proclaiming that they would do anything for the British except end the salve trade. The Ottomans weren't much better, allowing slavery until the 20th century. If you think pointing out that a rich man got rich off of the backs of slaves is "feeling threatened" then you must have some wires crossed, or is that just projection on your part?

[@hailexiao2770]

@@tomuch4u969 > You guys never say anything about the feudal system in Europe or Roman slavery 1) Who are "you guys"? 2) The feudal system and Roman slavery get talked about all the time. Are you choosing not to hear them?

[@beno1129]

When I saw the title, I immediately knew EU4: Origins was the sponsor

[@Ebenandre]

@@jrooksable Europa universalis 4

[@kambar1647]

Ah, I see you're a man of culture as well

[@flimpeenflarmpoon1353]

@@kingstarscream3807 lol

[@alman29812]

lol

[@CoffeeSuccubus]

Im disappointed in you. I remember Mansa Musa from Civilization

[@Claudia_Ackermann]

The King of Mali is so rich, he's going on tour to let everyone know. NORTH AFRICA and THE MIDDLE EAST: *Wow, that guy's rich.*

[@lixautofix142]

Hello fellow bill wurtz fan.

[@gandapang]

I understood that reference

[@whayes8084]

And Europeans. He’s the reason allegedly

[@darrylerren8185]

Bill Wurtz

[@MarcillaSmith]

It was their version of the 'gram

[@broadcast8853]

The reason why Musa made the oath before he bowed towards the sultan was because it’s against Muslim sharia to bow to anyone other than Allah, whether that be a bow of prayer or even a bow of respect

[@fidelio9301]

That or he was just too Chad for such shenanigans.

[@alexmilton4025]

why there's always a guy telling us about Islam and Allah thinking it's so unique?? actually, Islam is very late on that matter monotheism existed long before both Judaism and Zoroastrianism had this some 3000+ years before Islam and they didn't even have Ibn Waleed to force it by the sword.

[@josesandoval1440]

@@alexmilton4025 you're shocked that in the video about a Muslim they talk about Muslim culture. How thick are you

[@facundocadaa9020]

@@alexmilton4025 bro, he's explaining some aspect of another religion, as every one of them has some quirks to it. If he were to explain why someone doesn't work on the Sabbath, would you be this mad?

[@Sid0404]

@@alexmilton4025 Bruh, no one said that Islam is unique bc it's monotheistic.

[@labkone3921]

I’m a proud Malian and I love this channel. I love to see the representation

[@cracksmoker1506]

Love to mail 🇩🇿❤️🇲🇱 sadly your wealth is being stolen to this day

[@SirBrucie]

*Points Akimbo* Hand over the gold and nobody gets hurt.!

[@labkone3921]

@@nigelcraig3949 You have to realize that there are different forms of slavery other than the trans Atlantic and Arab slave trade

[@labkone3921]

@@nigelcraig3949 in West African slavery there was social mobility. You can marry into families and own land and had basic human rights. IM NOT justifying this though

[@labkone3921]

@@nigelcraig3949 slavery was more of a way to pay off debt or handed out if you committed a crime

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

أَأُخَيَّ إِنَّ المالَ إِن قَدَّمتَهُ لَكَ لَيسَ إِن خَلَّفتَهُ لَكَ مالا أَأُخَيَّ كُلٌّ لا مَحالَةَ زائِلٌ فَلِمَن أَراكَ تُثَمِّرُ الأَموالا "Dear Brother, the wealth that you put forth is yours, not the wealth that you leave behind. Dear brother, all things must come to an end - so why is it that I see you hoard wealth?" - Abul Atahiya (Arab poet 748-828 AD)

[@alfrancisbuada2591]

This man is the true embodiment of how a man is defined by his wealth

[@alfrancisbuada2591]

@@AeneasGemini Like Alexander The Great another man who is the embodiment of greatness

[@vikingbeachbum]

He was a slave owner

[@karrole88]

@@vikingbeachbum you don't know that

[@lewis1544]

@@karrole88 Yes we do. When he went on haj he took 12,000 of his slaves.

[@karrole88]

@@lewis1544 you learn that from a book written by a white man.

[@davebowman9000]

Floyd Mayweather: Imma spend millions in cash in a night Mansa Musa: Cute

[@johnbenjamin2703]

Mansa Musa would have Floyd Mayweather as a water boy. His money do not even add up to Bill GATES OR BEZO OR ZUCKENBERG MUSK OR ROBERT SMITH OR OPRAH OR BLOOMBERG OR ARNAULT ROBERT JOHNSON OR SHEILA JOHNSON U GET MY DRIFT jb.ok

[@HurricaneCamille-us6mp]

😂😂

[@matthewmcguire224]

“Along with tons of gold” Me: And I took that literally.

[@ssssdaniel5238]

69 likes, nice

[@diamondseries7221]

What does 'tons' of gold mean?

[@dogons2k12]

Thanks Kings & Generals! Finally you guys have taken the lead to showcase and shine a spotlight on Black / African History Below are some suggestions for your African / Black History Playlist : 1. King Menelik II & The Battle of Adwa (Ethiopia's War of Independence against Italy) 2. Queen Nzinga (resistance against the Portuguese) 3. Toussaint L'ouverture & Jean Jaques Dessalines (Hatian Revolution) 4. Gaspar Yanga (Revolutionary who created the first independent black majority Mexican City) 5. Pharaoh Taharqa (Nubian King - Conqueror of Ancient Egypt & the Assyrians) 6. Samoury Touré (Created an autonomous territory and led a long term French resistance against French Colonial expeditions in West Africa) 7. Robert Mugabe and Zimbabwe's War of Independence against Great Britain 8. Malik Ambar (King in the Heart of India & Military Strategist who won numerous battles against the Mughal Empire while fending them off for 30 Years) 9. John Horse & the Black Seminoles (leaders of the largest slave revolt in US history leading to the largest migration of slaves to a safe heaven in Mexico . 10. Askia Mohammed (Emperor of the Songhai Empire) 11. Ancient Astronomers & Scholars of Timbuktu (over 800,000 Manuscripts still exist in Timbuktu libraries) 12. Pharaoh Piye (Emperor of Nubia and Egypt) etc etc etc

[@Taharquathegreat]

Include also ancient egypt before the hyksos invasion. Ramses 3 DNA test is out already he is E1B1A which is a black african marker.

[@BLAngel1]

You only focus on his wealth in terms of the amount of gold he had. I believe salt and copper were also extremely valuable at the time.

[@almondsai7214]

Slaves were also very valuable as well.

[@infinitecontent8001]

That's the scariest thing: he never truly flexed how he truly could...

[@everymonies]

My problem is they don't display words for us to get the spelling correctly Also the geographical expanse in relation to today's countries would have been a nice graphic addition

[@nuur1-xr6qk]

​@@almondsai7214he did not sold slaves but he had slaves

[@caffeinated1432]

He crashed the value of gold. Next level trolling. gg

[@sirrathersplendid4825]

Spaniards did the same with a few treasure ships from the New World.

[@VonGoldfinger]

Mansa Musa, the only man to ever make it rain in the desert.

[@rosasmith9835]

Then: Mansa Musa- the richest man in the world Now: you and your family are on welfare

[@peterandjunko]

To add to your esteemed quotations: Luke: well, more wealth than you can imagine! Han: I dunno, I can imagine quite a bit.

[@MoonyPoet]

Now double it. Apparently that's how much he had.

[@FromNothing]

Firstly, it's nice to see Kings and Generals FINALLY covering literally ANY African history after all these years. I do have several nitpicks with this video but I'll only voice a couple here in the comment section. At 4:30 I just don't see why it was contextually necessary to refer to Mali as a "slaveowner state." It just continues to feed the narrative of slavery being the dominant theme in African history which is untrue. Most states of the world were slaveowner states at that time in history, not just Africa. Hell even back in Ancient Rome, 1/4 people were slaves but nobody ever calls Rome a "slaveowner state." Oh also that map at 4:15 is just.... I don't know who made it but there are only 3 West African kingdoms shown and no African cities displayed except Cairo. Despite showing several non-African cities at 6:15. Timbuktu, Gao, Tadmekka, and Jenne are but a few incredibly important trade cities that should have definitely been on that map. Other than that, the video was a at least a fair crash course lesson. It's just the general lack of passion or effort for the topic in comparison to the other videos is blatantly evident unfortunately.

[@dylanomalley8650]

That’s because much of Rome’s economy wasn’t dependent on any slaves... Kings and Generals is saying that the Mali Empire’s great wealth, prestige, and general material prosperity was in effect driven by its slave population. One could also say that about Rome, I guess, but that’s not the point here. Also, it’s not some sort of “agenda” to say that Mali was a slave owner state. To add on, it’s really hard to show more than 3 West African kingdoms, for reasons not limited to the facts that the ethnic and geopolitical factors of West Africa were/are so complicated that it’s hard to put territories at a singular spot, that other empires aren’t the focus of this video, that Kings and Generals isn’t a channel focused on African history, and the lack of necessarily specific and measurable documents for this time period (this is how I understand it).

[@tyronechillifoot5573]

@@dylanomalley8650 that’s actually False much of actual labor was driven by the work of comoners

[@dylanomalley8650]

@@tyronechillifoot5573 For the Mali empire? Ok... I didn’t say that it wasn’t. Also, that still disproves the guy above me’s argument

[@moderatecanuck]

@@tyronechillifoot5573 it was still a slaveowner state since they outpace natives 2:1

[@JcoleMc]

@@dylanomalley8650 You did say that actually .

[@LudietHistoria]

I knew that this would be sponsored by PDX the moment I saw Mansa Musa in the thumbnail....lets hope this brings more people to the eu4 community.

[@Tu51ndBl4d3]

@Kingsandgenerals I do want to note, that Abu Ishaq al-Sahili was not the chief architect of Malian structures. That has already been identified as indigenous to the region going as far back as the Wagadu (Ghana) Empire and the Dhar settlements. He was a favored memeber of the Mansa's court, where he did architect an audience chamber for Mansa Musa, but that's all we know. As usual really great video, love from France

[@Adam_okaay]

"defining his wealth as indescribable" when I'm gonna need a definition for describable cause that sounds like a discription.

[@sumerrana6805]

please describe your comment put a link in description

[@julianshepherd2038]

Stop saying this sort of thing or you will never go to parties

[@johnschmidt1262]

The cynical part of me believes that Mansa Musa was indeed very wealthy, but what was legendary was his public relations talent. He clearly rates among the richest people ever, yet things about this story feel like the kind of story that grows over time.

[@orangerightgold7512]

@@julianshepherd2038 lol imagine actually wanting to go to parties.

[@mkhanman12345]

We gotta same the same for every king and wealthy guy.

[@townicus5908]

''Wow that guy's rich'' Everyone said

[@hafidlho7332]

when even bill wurtz had mansa musa in his video, you know this mansa musa guy is something

[@joshuakevinserdan9331]

@@iron6672 almost everyone was a slaver at this time.

[@worthyicez2715]

@@dannydanny865 Slavery wasn’t that big in West Africa until after Musa’s reign when his successors started realizing the gold mines were drying up and civil wars started breaking out between them. Sure slavery existed but there’s nothing to indicate it was a major source of income, that wouldn’t be the case for another 2 centuries or so. The Songhai Empire that succeeded Mali was much more involved in the slave trade, Mali’s economy was based mostly around gold, salt, manufactured fabrics, and tropical goods like kola nuts.

[@tomuch4u969]

@@dannydanny865 slavery was all over the Muslim world at this time. You idiots only decry it when we talk about African history 🤦🏿‍♂️

[@0Doves0]

Slavery was everywhere and I fail to see how being a slaver doesnt mean you're rich. The slave business was a big thing, bound to give you wealth.

[@giantblob7075]

Such high quality videos, its criminal how they dont get millions of views.

[@theawesomeman9821]

They usually do have millions of views. If you look on their channel, only the most famous parts of history they cover get millions of views.

[@rucussing]

Not just Gold, but Copper, salt and other minerals. Pure salt was a rare commodity, almost worth as much as gold in the Middle ages.

[@davidsuda6110]

Yea I thought I saw another video claim 1/2 his wealth came from salt mines to the south. Of course salt isn't that exciting in our modern world.

[@YaBoiDREX]

@@davidsuda6110Not only that but most of the gold in medieval Mali wasn’t mined it was panned from rivers. Just like old west prospectors.

[@dsinger21]

Great vid. Can't wait to see more vids on African nations and civilizations. We hear so much about European and Asian civilizations that we forget in Africa there were also great civilizations that aren't named Egypt.

[@sirrathersplendid4825]

There were a few African civs, but we know very little about them because they didn’t bother keeping paper records, and most of their buildings have long since turned to dust.

[@sirrathersplendid4825]

@@thedstorm8922 - I would regard most North African civs as Mediterranean (if you’re thinking of places like Leptis Magna). Was thinking more of West Africa, and maybe the South-East around Zimbabwe and Tanganyika.

[@theonef570]

@@sirrathersplendid4825 Don't forget East Africa.

[@jairzino5942]

@@sirrathersplendid4825 Some had a writing but preferred to record them on the facades / of buildings which unfortunately collapsed or fell into ruins. Must say that many of them built with bricks and not stones which made these buildings less durable

[@Taharquathegreat]

Ancient egypt was black before the hyksos@@sirrathersplendid4825

[@othellom6493]

Thanks another excellent video. One correction. “ SubSaharan Africa” was well known before Musa’s trip. The Swahili Stone towns had been trading with Arabs, Persians, Indians and the Chinese centuries before that. The Swahili controlled the gold trade from the interior and exported gold,ivory etc. Europeans only got involved in this trade in the 15th century with the arrival of the Portuguese. So they may not have known but the rest of the world did.

[@sebastianbravo5028]

Wow that documentary was really a "Golden Experience" Thanks K&G

[@joao7902]

is this a jojo reference?

[@Nyte-Owl]

Kings and Generals is really doing a wonderful service to humanity. As an African we cried to be taught more about African history in school. Our studies were so Eurocentric. But the world is wider and far more diverse than Europe with an incredible amount of wealth in knowledge and culture. Kings and Generals are bringing this to life for us all. The best channel on KZbin!!! Siyabonga (Thank you in isiZulu.) PS. Can't wait for you to do Shaka Zulu.

[@JafuetTheSame]

yeah, do that! teach the world about african history. i'm all in... but most of you rather waste your energy on convicing us that you built the pyramids or that cleopatra was black...

[@Taharquathegreat]

Ancient egypt was a black civilization before the Hyksos invasions. Read the conclusion of the 1974 UNESCO symposium on their race. Go on google and look at the hieroglyph for "face" and that is enough as proof I got tons and tons of proof.@@JafuetTheSame

[@ze_kangz932]

​@@JafuetTheSamelol ancient Egypt was black African

[@vincentebaez2574]

I would have loved to have seen Mansa Musa going around and buying back all the gold he gave out. Epic.

[@infinitecontent8001]

That's such a boss move.

[@ToddKeck98]

You know Mansa Musa is a sigma when he managed to rule over Chad

[@TheFiresloth]

His empire didn't reach Chad, wich was largely under the Kanem-Burnou kingdom.

[@fidelio9301]

@@TheFiresloth He was just joking, a Chad is a very attractive man, he didn’t literally mean the country.

[@r.m2192]

@@fidelio9301 I’m pretty sure he understood that, the comment has a double meaning that’s the whole joke

[@fidelio9301]

@@r.m2192 I certainly hope so…but just in case, it’s there for clarification. Edit because i didn’t read that bit: Bruh I know it has a double Meaning. His comment doesn’t really suggest he gets it unless he’s adding another layer of complexity to add a triple meaning. If so, fair play.

[@chupacabra304]

@thefiresloth beta move lol

[@maldito_sudaka]

I once made a whole presentation about the Mali Empire for my History graduation. I love the subject very much ever since! African history is invaluable! Love the Kora as well, West African music is the best! Hugs from Brazil!

[@kirbyculp3449]

West Africa's most precious natural resource: Jollof Rice.

[@rageraptor7127]

When musa meets the sultans messenger he gives him so much gold. He makes the messenger into the sultan

[@kevinrogers4747]

that's beautiful

[@JAGUARR1]

Kings and generals, please make a video about the ancient proto Somali Berberi coastal/port cities. As someone who's been studying history of Modern Somalia for the past 4 years, i would definitely recommend it. Thank you as well

[@YaBoiDREX]

Do you have any books or sources to recommend me?

[@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505]

@@YaBoiDREX periplus of the erythrean sea, when it speaks of the Eastern Berbers of the Farside markets, it is describing Somalis in modern coastal Djibouti 🇩🇯 and Somalia...this is an ancient greek travel guide which is 2000 years old

[@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505]

@@YaBoiDREX in that book, everything in between Avalites (Zeila Somalia) to Nikon (kismayo south Somalia) is describing ethnic Somalis

[@YaBoiDREX]

@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 thank you

[@cracksmoker1506]

What do you mean by this? Do you mean there were Somali-amazigh tribes at a certain time?

[@zeus-odinchiefs6737]

What's your superpower? Mansa Musa: I'm Rich

[@Eddy-Cool]

As devout Muslim myself, I can't help but feel gleeful hearing about a devout Muslim king who was the world's richest but also world's most generous man, who brought such prosperity to his people, who was a great leader and a great humanitarian. Love Mansa Musa 💚 May Allah grant him high place in Jannah, aameen.

[@prestonjones1653]

Ah, the one time history does not ruin a good story.

[@dublk5593]

To be honest (not trying to be that guy but) if the people who are documenting history don’t like the narrative especially if it’s related to their race and makes them “look bad” they take creative liberties. Even though people shouldn’t really define themselves by the actions of their ancestors people still try to suppress the less than appealing actions.

[@dublk5593]

@@AeneasGemini I’m not denying what your saying at all and I’m not saying people are making up history either. What I am saying is people often suppress or omit some parts of history if they do not like how it portrays a certain group. Let’s take America for example, many states have made it law that slavery and other sensitive race related topics not be taught in depth because in their own words that do not want children specifically white children to feel bad for the actions of their ancestors. Im not talking about this channel in specific either I’m stating many historians still have bias and choose to not go into depth on certain topics.

[@dublk5593]

And you be surprised how complex the human mind is, ofc you need certain inspirations for ideas but if humans didn’t have a vivid imagination we wouldn’t have the great works of fiction, and all the mythology and theology religions that exist today. Off topic but humans can very much take many creative liberties. And while we don’t make up history (to our knowledge) humans definitely at times will alter the truth at times. The saying history is written by the victors exist for a reason.

[@youman5079]

May Allah bless mansa musa❤️

[@apalahartisebuahnama7684]

Mansa Musa will probably being the richest person in Jannah.

[@artimuos903]

And his slave trading.

[@yosefngabu867]

He was one of the greatest slavers of all time.

[@dyiorragray1079]

@@artimuos903 Literally everyone had slaves in the ancient world. I find it funny how you're only demonizing him but not the count of other emperors that own slaves. Really shows your racial bias

[@srodybeats]

@@artimuos903 slaves are treated much differently in islam

[@HistorydeFacto]

The man was so generous that the gifts he gave in Egypt caused hyperinflation

[@Boyetto-san]

Thinking about this more critically though, there's a lot of contrivance involved in the comparisons and equivalencies. The Mansas of the Mali Empire can be formally recognized as the richest men in history only because of their formally undisputed claim to own all the gold of Mali, as a natural resource in immediate accessible proximity and disposal, which would of course be unmatched by other civilizations where the sovereign's wealth is subject to the recognition of independent middlemen and other complications. The Kings of Spain during the colonization of the Americas could have formally claimed all the gold in the New World. But because of the sheer distance involved and the known complexities of bringing that gold back to Spain, we don't just lump the entirety of the Americas' natural resources as being part of his wealth. In comparison to now, there's basically no way such an all-encompassing claim of formal ownership by a single individual, over the whole of a territory's natural resources, would ever be recognized so uncontroversially in today's political and economic climate.

[@Boyetto-san]

​@@Gustav_Kuriga I'm not saying the Musas weren't rich. I'm saying that perhaps we only one-dimensionally describe their wealth the way we do because we don't have much information about the nitty-gritty between who's in the middle between the Musa and the resources in question. I already gave the example of Spanish kings during the colonization of the Americas, but it applies just as much to Sultans and Emperors in the east: we don't just lump their natural resources into the wealth of the sovereign because we know what goes on in between, in actually bringing that wealth to the sovereign's disposal. If you argue that the Musa therefore wholesale owns all the gold in Mali because he owned all the slaves that mined em, that might indeed make sense but it's not a particularly good look is it?

[@Duncomrade]

All gold nuggets were the property of the mansa and could not be traded within Mali. They were sold immediately to the treasury for gold dust.

[@shinobi3620]

just imagine that amount of gold which made the gold price being cheaper than any other precious metal . his mountains of gold made the cheaper silver being more expensive and more precious in those regions lol . that's something which is unimaginable today or any other day .

[@chottabeamm]

This ruler was so rich, he gave some gold, cause inflation to a whole region, the bought it back to help the economy. I mean is that even possible?? Man..

[@gerardrbain1972]

He probably did this to teach ruler of Cairo a lesson. The man tried to belittle Mansa Musa by making him kiss the ground. I think Mansa Musa knew that giving away that much gold would cause massive inflation in Cairo, and by coming back and stopping the economic depression brought on by the insolence of Cairo's leader it would not only show the ruler of Cairo who the real big dog was, it would also discourage any other ruler who had plans against Mansa Musa or the Kingdom Of Mali.

[@Ventus7777]

@@gerardrbain1972 what a fucking baller lmao

[@braunarsch]

@@gerardrbain1972 very possible!

[@fidelio9301]

@@Ventus7777 Absolute big boy

[@facundocadaa9020]

@@gerardrbain1972 Chadsa Musa

[@joelt2002]

I've seen a few videos on Mansa Munsa, but his predecessor seems more interesting. Also incredibly wealthy, but went on an expedition to potentially the new world. With that many ships you would think at least some of them made it.

[@jonbaker1697]

Yes, that the preceding emperor gave up rhe throne people whizz past. I think ite suggests some of the learned in Mali were aware of the Americas and the currents that circle the Atlantic. Im expecting some interesting discoveries once all those Malian books have been miceofilmed and read

[@mixtapemania6769]

@@jonbaker1697 Source? For the Malian books been microfilmed?

[@rumpleforeskin9645]

I'm from Barbados in the Caribbean and I think mansa Abubakari made it to the new world. In Barbados we have baobab trees that scientists estimate to be 1000 years old. The baobab is not native to this part of the world.

[@yosefngabu867]

I dont understand how could so many people be so existed about one of the greatest slavers of all time

[@joelt2002]

@@yosefngabu867 I'm not sure who is "excited", we just find history interesting. The Roman Empire was full of slavers, and is a very fascinating period of history. Pretty much all of human history is contaminated by slavery and other bad shit. Probably don't view historical figures/periods through the lens of modern morality.

[@richardthomas9497]

I hope this leads to more videos of African empires in the future e.g. the Ghana, Songhay and Mali of the west, Axum, Ethiopia, the Swahili coast, Kongo, Rozwi, Great Zimbabwe, etc.

[@jackblack9172]

You know African history, that's good!

[@THEONLYOBA]

Oya empire too

[@gojira4036]

I have waited for soo long to see Kings and Generals talk about the Mansa Himself.

[@maulanakarman8955]

Question: Was Mansa Musa the richest person ever lived? Answer: Yes, richer than everybody could describe!

[@thesimpledude186]

@@ItsSpectre69 tho his riches are hidden, unless its found, we can't have it as richest, only to muslims he will be richest

[@johnbenjamin2703]

EXCEPT KING SOLOMON WHO WAS VERY WISE AND BUILT THE TEMPLE FOR THE LORD WIVES AND CONCUBINES WAS HIS FALL jb.shalom

[@ernestkhalimov9368]

@@johnbenjamin2703 why screaming.

[@SomaliEmperor]

@@ItsSpectre69 No, he got money from god. Mansa Musa didn’t and destroy the value of gold while being a devout Muslim.

[@diamondseries7221]

That's the problem and confusion. No one is describing or quantifying it.

[@menamilad3199]

Thanks for this video on sub Saharan African history kings and generals! I can’t wait for more videos to come out on sub Saharan african history. I’d like to see videos made about perhaps Menelik II of Ethiopia, Mai idris Alooma of The Bornu empire, Samouri Toure of the Mandinka etc.

[@kgkg4118]

Menelik 💯💯

[@--Paws--]

8:29 We wouldn't know if Mansa Musa would toss a coin to the Witcher, Jaskier didn't appreciate it.

[@CivilWarWeekByWeek]

The real wealth is the friends we made

[@julianshepherd2038]

I tried that but still had to pay the fine

[@facundocadaa9020]

You can't just have too many friends and just destroy the economy... Right? 2008:... Right

[@morgant.dulaman8733]

Usually a meme, but he may have truly thought that.

[@Buurba_Jolof]

Hi I'm here! Yes Mansa Musa in person. I liked your video on me. But you made some understandable mistakes nonetheless ... First, I never made Abu Ishaq es Saheli the architect of the Dyngareyber mosque. Indeed, he really only built a magnificent courtroom in my palace. The mosque of Dyngareyber, that of Djenné, like the madrasa of Sankoray university are masterpieces of the local architecture of my empire. unfortunately the splendors of Sudano Sahelian architecture have not reached you. The current mosque of Djenné, for example, results from a reconstruction in 1907. Second error, certainly scholars from the North and the Middle East came to settle in my cities but they found there a well-anchored tradition of knowledge which enriched them and not the other way around. Third "error". The sources exist but it will be necessary that my descendants collect the millions of scattered manuscripts to have an idea of ​​what was the greatness of my reign. Signed, Mansa Musa Lion of Mali

[@baronobeefdip7092]

Can you lend me some gold ?

[@Buurba_Jolof]

@@baronobeefdip7092 Come in Mali 😂

[@TheIamtheoneandonly1]

Hey Mansa Musa. Thank you for the info here...it's great to be made aware of such things. Now to my point; if you'd just be so good enough as to let me know the coordinates of the gold mines, I'd be a very happy man. Cheers!

[@worthyicez2715]

Yea I think it’s a bit of a mischaracterization to say Sahili built the mosque, modern archaeology clearly shows it was built using indigenous designs and construction techniques. And we know that well before Musa’s reign there were madrassas in cities like Niani and Djenne, where Arabs would’ve been very hard to come by pre-1300. Mali benefitted from foreign contact with the Middle East but it had been a major empire with a strong academic tradition for generations.

[@Buurba_Jolof]

@@TheIamtheoneandonly1 Ok my Friend. 😉

[@islamaroc]

Comments who criticize Slavery are seeing 13th century with eyeglasses of 20th. Slavery was a kind of "Indeterminate Job contract" at this time and not like we imagine now... And what I heard that Mansa Musa freed many slaves and abolished inhuman slavery done by animist tribes as much as he could following teaching if Islam who considers that freeing a slave it one of the greatest good dead that Allah loves. So pls stop jugging history equations with tools of today without social contextualising

[@dpink4832]

Kings and Generals... Please listen. When I was in school I had a wild fascination with African Empires beyond Egypt and Carthage. I asked my teacher about it in our World History class and she said "we already had a lesson about slavery". For years the gems in Africa's history have been ignored and simplified as tribal wars - colonization - civil wars. And looking beyond that made you look.. different.. Thank you for taking the time to research this. I'll consider contributing when my means allow.

[@dpink4832]

I was shocked when Civilization 4 had Mali.

[@thesauceman8457]

Very few touch the topic of ancient African kingdoms and empires, especially now as it will be labeled “critical race theory”. They would rather perpetuate the narratives you have laid out being the main topic of discussion when mentioning anything to do with Africa.

[@mariatereza9721]

Thats the worst teacher in history oh my god, thats why people know nothing about african history

[@themercifulguard3971]

@@thesauceman8457 I wonder how insanely confused people in Africa are, knowing that people from this side of the world are deficient in learning about them due to such ideological reasons lol

[@jabbatheslut7406]

@@themercifulguard3971 I dont wanna say they look down on them but I think we just accept the fact that the west dont care as much about African history since its foreign to them, same way they dont learn about the ancient chinese civilizations because its foreign to them as well thankfully channels like this are giving us new light

[@daudamusah2769]

To be honest African history is so breathtaking that you will be curious wanting to know more. King's and General Keep African history coming please, Thanks in Advance.

[@sumerrana6805]

Mansa Musa was so rich that if he was an American he could afford to pay for his college degree and medical bills without getting in debt for life

[@MrMisterWelz]

Now you're making things up

[@yanipratama2603]

Yeah but that without taxes yet

[@joshbeaulieu7408]

Desperately clutching at straws out of hatred makes you look petty and small minded.

[@joshbeaulieu7408]

@@comradekenobi6908 Yeah, it's when you say something funny to make people laugh. Did someone tell a joke? Mustn't have been funny.

[@KarraNikito]

Wait a minute, it cost money to go to school and you have to pay for medical care in U.S.A.? Quite a country.

[@Meanietube]

Man that story is gold

[@shirohigenewgete1619]

Elon musk : I am the richest man in the world Mansa Musa : Hold my gold-laden camel, poor man !

[@michaelthomas5433]

Bill Gates: If only I hadn't sold my stock I'd be richer than both.

[@michaelthomas5433]

@@Quacklebush Not as his hobby and not without a large amount of tax payer dollars. And again if Gates hadn't been selling his stock he'd be worth double Musk at the moment. Besides we all know Trump is worth like so much more than both than losers.

[@michaelthomas5433]

@@Quacklebush Do you not understand money? Or public funding? Oh well.

[@wilhelm4321]

If you play Civ I definitely recommend doing a play through as him.

[@ericcampbell503]

Doing one now. Just waiting to get electricity in my cities so I can get Stock Exchanges.

[@StevenFox80]

Mali with Desert Folklore and Work Ethics is absolutely insane. Every time you select Monumentality when reaching a Golden Age, you spam settlers and builders and buy districts with Mokshas Dive Architect ability.

[@DM-dy9bq]

i like Joao better

[@Skeloperch]

@@DM-dy9bq Joao is far richer in Civ. +50% from ALL trade route yields gets insane. The only downside is that you have to play on maps like archipelago.

[@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505]

@@StevenFox80 i haven't played the game, can you describe how its like to play as Adal or Ajuran Sultanate? As in their benefits and shortcomings

[@mikotagayuna8494]

With all that gold, I imagine the Mansa to be some kind of action RPG character who is farming the local wildlife for gold, questing to earn his ending cinematic then promptly leaving to start over and increase his paragon levels.

[@Tu51ndBl4d3]

Historical researchers both modern and ancient: "Mansa Musa is the absolute richest person who has ever walked on earth" Comments on KZbin: "No no, I don't agree, I think that he was the poorest! Just because you singularly own half of the world's gold, which is the standard upon which wealth is measured, doesn't mean he was the richest. Just because paper money is only counted in gold, and all throughout human history as it concerns empires, wealth was only measured in gold and silver DOESN'T MEAN JUST BECAUSE HE OWNED HALF OF THE WORLDS GOLD BY HIMSELF THAT HE WAS THE RICHEST!"

[@lordofhostsappreciator3075]

Nice cope, Abdul/Jogger. Actual historians testify that Augustus, Saint King Solomon, Gengis Khan, King Akbar, Empress Wu and Emperor Shenzong were all richer.

[@MrSafior]

People, like gaming here, just can't fathom the idea that African are able to achieve anything.

[@tomuch4u969]

@@lordofhostsappreciator3075 cry harder Musa is clearly the richest.

[@MrSafior]

@@Quacklebush They don't make valid arguments, you'r obviously biased.

[@MrSafior]

@@Quacklebush Sorry to wrote the truth then.

[@sjappiyah4071]

Mansa musa, the greatest Chad! Great video, would like to see more on the Mali & Songhai empires.

[@abdellahbenm4152]

Even the famous traveler ibn batuta wrote about him.

[@yosefngabu867]

yeah he talks a lot about the Slave industry he had

[@jimbenson3926]

Dont worry about him, What happened to the previous Mansa who went missing with 2000 ships?

[@wejuggernautentertainmentl3156]

Word is he went to Mexico Brazil Central American countries and started the empires In South America

[@Dennell_Mount_and_Blade]

I want a video about that guy as well, sadly I suspect there is not much information about his fate.

[@samehmohamed6592]

Muslim historian debate that he is the first man to reach America

[@Dennell_Mount_and_Blade]

@@samehmohamed6592 Scandinavians / vikings were the first to reach America.

[@apalahartisebuahnama7684]

@@samehmohamed6592 well, it's debatable for sure.

[@AlphaArcturus101]

*Chad Mansa Munsa to do list* -Show up out of nowhere from the desert -Spend many money -Spend more money that create inflation -Refused to elaborate further -Leave

[@minatodroger7890]

Arrive raise hell leave I like him

[@michaelthomas5433]

Luke Skywalker : Well, more wealth than you can imagine! *Han Solo* : I don't know, I can imagine quite a bit.

[@dincoox1862]

Jeff Bezos: I am richest person Elon Musk: 2nd John D Rockefeller: Hold my oil Mansa Musa: Hold my gold

[@illerac84]

The economic videos are a personal favorite of mine. Thanks again!

[@canderia]

Good thing you came put with this a couple of weeks before ERB used him in a video. I definitely didn't know who he was.

[@aGr3atD4y]

Im glad that the richest person ever was an african and that he was a good leader. Also happy to see more videos on the underappreciated continent that is Africa!

[@ethanmoats8544]

This guy needs to be in a game called rise of kingdoms

[@richardavery2894]

If I could meet any human being to ever live... I would meet Musa and tell him about his travels 1100 years after his reign. He would cry, and smile. We would laugh about this little planet... what a man... ❤

[@mandinka_language_and_proverbs]

❤️❤️❤️❤️🔥 finally! today is our history. Thanks King and general.

[@Baseballnfj]

Damn you Mali.... I was hoping we'd get a New Jersey based video before you especially.

[@mandinka_language_and_proverbs]

😂😂❤️❤️

[@lordofhostsappreciator3075]

Sad

[@الجنوبالعربي-ز2ل]

He was a real Muslim that helped the poor and built mosques while he was traveling to Mecca. Allah grant him Jennah ان شاء الله

[@rxrunner27]

stories tell that he had a tower of gold in his kingdom anyway that was a good documentary

[@rxrunner27]

@@cowboybeboop9420 its true i have heard a speech about mansa musa. When he went to makka on his way he built a mosque every fryday and in makkah he gave loads of wealth to the meccans.

[@blitcut9712]

@@rxrunner27 Hearing a speech about it doesn't mean it's true.

[@Ferroes]

It's false, had there truly been a tower of gold archeologists would've at least found remnants of that gold or the foundation of the tower (because gold is the heaviest element so would require a very proportional foundation). There was a book about the Mali Empire that listed many folklore about Mansa Musa though I don't remember them or the name of the book but it should be easy to find I remember it being 1 of 3 books on the subject.

[@deathfromthedepths]

@@Ferroes Close to being the heaviest.

[@nellym46664]

Well Malian buildings did have a yellowish to brown colour so its possible that some traveler described them as golden in colour but then they were later described as being made of actual gold.

[@mehrabalmaksud6732]

7:35 Musa knew how to take revenge properly.

[@alexcrowder1673]

This guy was LITERALLY even more rich than Disney's Aladin was when he was pretending to be prince Ali and had that big extravagant entrance to the city. That scene was supposed to be over the top, but even his fictional character with a genie still didnt come close to being as wealthy as the real life Mansa Musa. How crazy is that?!? Imagine being in Cairo when Mansa Musa rolled into town with his CITY sized crew of people with him lol.

[@LordJagd]

Both of those stories are fantasies.

[@lev1673]

It's a known fact that Mansa Musa was among the 0.001% top onlyfans back then.

[@cracksmoker1506]

He was known to donate to beggars, in return they would reimburse him through their subscription

[@unholydemigod4147]

"Describing his wealth as indescribable". Uhhhh...

[@somewhere6]

The story of Mana Musa is of course interesting, but I cannot say that this is a very sophisticated analysis. In our time now, direct privately owned wealth is not the best measure of control of wealth and economic power. Various trusts, foundations and conglomerates control assets that dwarf people like Gates or Bezos (who are definitely NOT the top of the heap). Those entities are themselves controlled by individuals who stay out of the public eye.

[@antonioboss298]

"But I cannot say that this is a very sophisticated analysis" and yet historians and economists agree he was filthy rich and one of the richest, if not thee Richest man to ever live.

[@mamadousalane2024]

You're talking about corporations and we're talking about a *SINGLE INDIVIDUAL* Use ur mind next time b4 speaking.

[@somewhere6]

​@@mamadousalane2024 Corporations are tools in the hands of the richest people around today. People like Evelyn de Rothschild (or David Rockefeller or even Paul Desmarais before they died) have/had effective control over assets and wealth that dwarf anything in Mansa Musa's imagination. Directly declaring personal ownership is not how it is done at the top.

[@thesegundovolante]

@@mamadousalane2024 You think that one guy who sat on a big pile of gold was richer than people that can literally print as much as money as they want. Get real bro. The sources that say that Mansa Musa was as rich as he was aren’t even that solid anyway, so he may not have even been as rich as people make out today

[@appleofhiseye5038]

@@somewhere6 People never wanna give the Africans any credit whatsoever is it’s just me Or are you jealous ?? YES he was the richest man who ever lived get over it, some people can never accept this fact, I find your comments so insulting just because he has black skin he cannot be the richest ??? Please just accept the fact and move on, Is it really that hard to compliment a black man for what he achieved, Give the man respect please

[@shoaibnaqvi5264]

I was so surprised this channel didn't cover mansa musa already.

[@ahmadusaidu5329]

Thank you for this one ,oh my kings and generals

[@MrJooolo]

Hi kings and generals, huge fan here. Would love to see more history videos on African, including East African history. Many thanks!

[@donnyyonatan9185]

After covering the richest man in history, should also cover about VOC (Dutch East Indies Company), which is believed to be the richest company in history.

[@johnbenjamin2703]

That was a company not An INDIVIDUAL LIKE MANSA MUSA TWO DIFFERENT ENTITIES HERE jb.ok

[@rached2439]

Person: I’m pretty sure Elon Musk is the richest person ever. Mansa Musa: Hold my golden bars. You know what, keep them, and tell all your friends.

[@EmptyMan000]

Basically: Hold by golden bars. Keep them and then take these other golden bars and give them to your friends.

[@yoroshikuonegaishimasu8649]

And they are both africans XD

[@abdellahbenm4152]

Imagin having so mutch gold that the gold hase no worth more

[@adrianbundy3249]

Interestingly enough, this will only be the first time of two times in the next few hundred years of history this will pose a dilemma to... Too much gold. When Cortez captured the Aztec gold and brought it back, it crashed the economy for longer than this 10 year span Musa did to Egypt, for the even wealthier nation of rising spain at the time. Since at least for a time, it was his gold, does that make him temporarily richer than Musa? Granted, Cortez is a person I would rather have had some terribly painful fate befall him in history, out of all the people in history I hate, but it doesn't really change that fact.

[@JuanManuel-ii1ov]

@@adrianbundy3249 That is like saying than bank truck's drivers are temporaly rich because they carry lots of money. Cortez was just a worker, killing and sacking for his majesty.

[@adrianbundy3249]

@@JuanManuel-ii1ov It became the ownership of the crown, if you want to look at it in terms of long term or short term ownership. And that is kinda like royalty here. Musa by the slave labor of his people, the mines, etc, and the spanish ruler (for the life of me, I cannot quite recall who it was in that era. Was Ferdinand the 2nd still kicking? I'm too lazy to change device rn and look it up). So yeah, at least someone there had a permanent keep of wealth that was enough to stagger the imagining. It didn't just vanish in thin air when Cortez came back to the crown, after being granted the charter and men to begin with from the crown to go west, and then returning that, and getting things like titles for his 'success', not that the bastard deserved any.

[@adrianbundy3249]

@@ChapSinclair First, the Aztecs were monsters, and deserved to be stopped... But you really don't know much about the spanish occupation and mass murder in those times, do you? Deaths were expedient, and he, and his spaniards were looking for wealth, they did not come to 'deliver justice unto the ritual sacrifice victims'. I will also have you know that those allied to Cortez who helped take down the Aztecs were also having the same practices. The only native civ of that sort I actually really found myself enjoying the history of was the Incans who had their own, but less problems, so don't turn this around to me thinking the Aztecs were tree huggers. But if you for a split second ever come to the conclusion that Cortez was a saint, or that he is any less than a monster, then you apparently need more schooling on that front. He might have been better than Pizarro though, idk... That's close. Nope, I'm pretty sure some of the incidents in the villages make Pizarro worse.

[@lerneanlion]

My wish has been granted! Finally! Thank you, Kings and Generals, for making and uploading the video about Mansa Musa, the wealthiest monarch to ever lived! P.S: Between the Mali Empire and Ethiopia, which one is the real Wakanda? P.S.S: MALI EMPIRE FOREVER!

[@jonjeskie5234]

@@docvaliant721 tell me about that list?

[@melvincarter9640]

You forgot about King Solomon who would be worth over 8 trillion in today times.

[@skykid]

it's a difficult question, putting absolute value on his wealth is almost impossible when one single person owns half the gold in the known world, it's like what will happen when we master asteroid mining, precious metals will become plentiful to the point where their value will change in ways we can't predict, it's all about buying power, it isn't about money at that point

[@geordiejones5618]

Right now wealth isnt even about what you have. Its the credit you carry. Bezos, Musk and Gates I think could each secure, by various means, a trillion dollar loan borrowed against what they have.

[@wildfire9280]

You’d have to account for gold nuggets being taken out of circulation.

[@youvebeengreeked]

*This video needs a different title: "THE BIGGEST STONKS LORD EVER"*

[@sanyika3641]

Shut up

[@flippantweirdo4362]

😂🤝

[@liubei3058]

Stonks.

[@perfumers_apprentice]

We need more videos like this about the wealth of Africa instead of always the same videos about Africa and the slave trade. Africa was/is more than that!

[@perfumers_apprentice]

@@duxromanorum9861 what about it?

[@makeytgreatagain6256]

@@perfumers_apprentice he’s saying that it also needs to be told as people just like to see our history reduced to our suffering (slavery and colonialism)

[@freckleheckler6311]

@@makeytgreatagain6256 because that’s exactly what your history is. Anything else is a cope not worth discussing

[@perfumers_apprentice]

@@makeytgreatagain6256 ah ok yes there needs to be more on the positives and less of the negatives.

[@jonasjorgensen8759]

Well the Mali empire was enabled by slaves so 🤷‍♂️

[@simenonhonore]

Fascinating - thanks!

[@markherron1407]

He was a generous King 👑 and he's a REAL LIFE BLACK 🖤 MIDAS! Blessings and Hugs 💖💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕!

[@waqasahmed3472]

Imagine going on a trip and ruining the economy

[@migspeculates]

Mainland Chinese, sort of

[@princeamori]

While playing Civ, Mansa Musa made life easier.

[@machine7264]

Salam from Nigeria 🇳🇬

[@danshakuimo]

Me seeing the video tumbnail thinking K&G knows their audience and drops a vid about Mansa Musa just as EU4 drops the Origins DLC Video is literally sponsored by Paradox: *surprised Pikachu face

[@lloydgush]

mansa: "I want to the world to know my kingdom!" Morroco: "I see you fam... Now, let me introduce you to the bad end of a gun!" Mali: "Hold on, hey portugal, can you help our ass here?" Portugal: "Better you than me."

[@EvanHBogle]

Next can you do a video of King Piye, the Kushite King who conquered Egypt.

[@kaanrivis]

Best Commercial ever you had

[@opakular]

The Mali Empire was a world powerhouse. I read a source claiming that the Malian army was the second largest on Earth after the Yuan Dynasty of China. I don't know the veracity of that claim, but Mali could boast formidable infantry and cavalry forces in addition to its enormous wealth. Great documentary!

[@freshfish7190]

I agree

[@isla2202]

it wasn't...thats false. It was a center of knowldge and trade in the Islamic world yes, but I wouldn't say it was the 2nd largest.

[@Buurba_Jolof]

@@isla2202 Mali Empire army was verry verry large armed force.

[@freshfish7190]

But I dont think their army was that large

[@baseupp12]

False no way it was that large. Mali was a center of trade and Islamic knowledge during its golden age, but it's army was not larger than the Mongols, other Chinese dynasties or even Great Britain with all their colonial holdings

[@ehmonja]

Huge moment for Musa when he declared that he is kissing the ground for his creator Allah and not the sultan. Avoided a severe sin - shirk.

[@Sinistercabbage]

But how does his wealth compare to other wealthy rulers in history? Emperors of Rome or China? Genghis Khan? Kings of major European states? The buildings built under Mansa Musa look rather dissapointing compared to what europeans were building at the time and as we know source of all wealth is labour. If there is relatively less qualified labour/produce then the gold in your state will be severly devalued.

[@Sinistercabbage]

@@bard001 People of the levant also built more impressive structures despite harsh summer sun.

[@Sinistercabbage]

@@bard001 The temperature averages and extremes in Egypt are only slightly lower than those in Timbuktu. Yet Egyptians had no problem building elaborate temples. In fact a lot of the buildings in timbuktu were built with limestone.

[@Sinistercabbage]

@@bard001 Absolutely Europeans could build comparable and even bigger structures. Our churches and palaces arent less than those built in Egypt. Bold of you to assume I was just on about pyramids. You can also check out average humidity in Egypt. Down south, for example Luxor, it stands at 39% yearly average. And indeed a lot of buildings in Timbuktu at the time, and even part of Djinguereber Mosque were built with limestone, a construction material that was also available in middleast and Europe.

[@Sinistercabbage]

@@bard001 Or look at the Djenne mosque, the façade isnt even symmetrical. Thats just poor craftmanship.

[@Sinistercabbage]

@@bard001 Exactly, the fact he did not have access to high technology proves that they werent that rich after all. No much use having so much gold if you cannot spend it, for example on buildings. It comes down to my original point that due to such abundance of gold and relatively lower quality of labour the value of gold was considerably less than could appear at face value.