Water Filtration and Treatment for Espresso Machines

Learn about water filtration/treatment for espresso machines to maintain a mineral level to prevent over-extraction for best flavor without causing scale. Focus on the BWT Bestmax Premium for plumbed in machines with options for reservoir fed machines.
Related videos:
How To Install a BWT Filtration System: • How To Install a BWT F...
How To Make Basic SCA Coffee Brew Water: • How To Make Basic SCA ...
How To Descale Espresso Machine Heat Exchange Boilers: • How To Descale Espress...
Products:
BWT Bestmax Premium Filter Package w/Besthead FLEX: www.wholelattelove.com/produc...
Penguin pitchers, pad filters, accessories: www.wholelattelove.com/collec...
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[@gianniskonstantinos1883]

Mark: Thanks for the great work. I’ve watched a lot of KZbin videos about espresso, and yours are the best.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi GK, That's nice to hear! Thanks a Whole Latte!!! Marc

[@Kats072307]

Γεια σου ρε Γιάννη Κωσταντίνε Καλός είναι ο άτιμος, στηρίζει φυσικά τα προϊόντα που προωθεί ο ίδιος και η εταιρία του στην Αμερική, αλλά προσπαθεί να είναι όσο πιο αντικειμενικός το δυνατόν. Εγώ τη Δευτέρα θα πάω για αγορά μηχανής κοπής καφέ και εσπρεσσιέρας, για το σπίτι. Επέλεξα Ceado E6 & Rancilio Silvia v6. Δεν τα προωθεί τόσο ο ίδιος, αλλά δεν έχει σημασία. Μέσα από πολλά video στο διαδίκτυο, αυτά ξεχώρισε και αυτά αντέχει η τσέπη μου

[@ristovboban]

Hi , I love your videos and I have learned a lot about espresso machines. I bought BEZZERA BZ13. What do you recommend for water filtration ?

[@popovic5463]

I've been descaling my dual boiler myself for two years for now with no disassembly and without any problems.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi EP, Thanks for the comment. It's not that it's impossible for home user to do. But, it is tricky and risky for those who don't know what they are doing or if a machine has been neglected. Marc

[@orrinbelcher6593]

Great video fun and informative thank you

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Glad you enjoyed it - thanks for the comment! Marc

[@rottiejakeluke]

If I’d use the pitcher option, can I pour some water over a test strip to see if it’s working as stated? If I would use the BWS pads, how do I test the water to verify it’s working. Thanks, I enjoyer the video.

[@hifi2169]

I use soft water that runs through my refrigerator carbon filter.....is that ideal? Is it good enough? Or should I use hard water running through a filter such as the type you sell?

[@ivanminchev4382]

Hi Mark, thanks for the nice video! I was wondering how I can make sure the filter is doing what it is supposed to, i.e., bring the Ca2+ hardness to 2-5 dKH (recommended for most machines). The problem I have is that your typical total hardness set measures the sum of Ca and Mg, so after Ca has been exchanged for Mg, the sum doesn't change much. Ok, actually I find it does change from 16 to 10 dKH for the recommended filter head setting of 1, but I have to just trust that Ca2+ is in the correct range. I do not find Ca2+ or Mg2+ measuring kits. Do you recommend to just trust the book after doing to correct setting based on the total hardness?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Ivan, You are welcome for the video and thank you for the comment and question. As I mentioned at some point in the video I have reef aquariums at home. For those I do testing for calcium and magnesium individually as well as alkalinity, pH and more. Tests kits are available like this one which I use: www.bulkreefsupply.com/red-sea-reef-foundation-pro-multi-test-kit-ca-alk-mg.html I have used my kit to test calcium in output of the BWT system and it is reduced, magnesium increased and total hardness lowered a bit. I don't think it's necessary to test your water for calcium. Trust the book. Marc

[@Florelix]

Hi Marc - I finally got myself a nice machine from you guys and got the BWT pitcher. One thing I am questioning about the BWT cartridges is the bypass setting in terms of preventing scale buildup - if some water bypasses the ion exchange, won’t that ultimately result in scale buildup since not all calcium is removed? Over the long term, how often do people descale then?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi FB, Thanks for the question and your patronage! Just to be clear, you have the BWT Penguin pitcher which has no bypass and curious about bypass setting on the head of the Bestmax Premium cartridge? For the Bestmax Premium, the bypass is adjusted based on the input water's hardness. If water is extra hard the bypass is set so no water bypasses the calcium to magnesium ion-exchange section of the cartridge. As input water gets softer the filter is set so more water bypasses. Low levels of calcium in water will not cause scale buildup in machines. When the bypass is set correctly, the filter reduces calcium concentration to a level below the threshold at which scale buildup can occur. If you use the BWT Penguin pitcher or other BWT options covered in the video as directed no descaling is needed. If you do not treat water to reduce calcium descaling frequency depends on the water's calcium level. For water with very low calcium level no scale will form. Machines fed with very hard water may need descaling more than 1x a month. For average home user with middle of the road water hardness descaling every 3 months is a good place to start. Hope that helps! Marc

[@rottiejakeluke]

My wife just asked why not get an RO system so the house benefits? If I did get this what do you recommend to re-mineralize the water? Thanks

[@rottiejakeluke]

Hello Mark (Marc?), I would purchase this system and the voluminous counter but where my machine will be housed I can not facilitate running a line directly to the machine. I’d like to know what to buy and where to make the purchase for a faucet coming out of the system to fill a container and then transfer that softened water to the machine’s tank. Can you help with this? If this doesn’t seem to be a good answer, what would be the better of either a BWS pitcher or the softening pouches?? Thanks

[@hihi0208]

Hi, i’m thinking about purchasing a new espresso machine soon and id like to be able to test my water to see if it’ll require any additional treatment before i put it into my tank. Do you have any test strips to recommend that i can use to assess my water quality before purchasing the different filters? thanks!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi BL, Thanks for the question. Water hardness test strips are commonly available at home centers, hardware stores, etc. If you want to go high-end there are kits like this which test for both total hardness and carbonate hardness: www.wholelattelove.com/products/bwt-hot-beverage-water-hardness-test-kit Another option depending on where you live is to contact you municipal water supplier and ask them what typical hardness is in their water. In the US this information is available online in most areas. Hope that helps! Marc

[@hosegooseman5]

Hi: Thanks for all the videos. Just to verify that in order to properly use the BWT pitcher, the filter that is commonly installed in the reservoir tanks must be removed? Saludos from Florida !!!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Jose, Thanks for the question and greetings from Western NY! Yes, if using a BWT pitcher you do not need the filer in the reservoir. Hope that helps! Marc

[@hosegooseman5]

Whole Latte Love it really helps, just like you and Whole Latte Love great information and videos. Wish everyone the best and stay safe. Saludos !!!

[@ReferenceFidelityComponents]

Just a note on brita. You may want to edit or give a shout out on another video as they do in fact lower hardness using the brita maxtra+ cartridge filters using ion exchange resin spheres after their carbon filter stage. I've been using those for 4 months in a hard water area and have zero scale build up in my kettle and after descaling my ranchilio the levels of scale removed were very low.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Paul, Thanks for the comment. As mentioned there may be some other filters which reduce minerals. I don't believe the Brita filter you reference is available in Us at this time - but I could be wrong. Marc

[@ReferenceFidelityComponents]

@@Wholelattelovepage That might explain it Marc! The Maxtra Plus is the newer filter from Brita which consists of a filter membrane containing a mix of ion exchange resin spheres and activated carbon granules. Using a TDS meter and testing in a moderately hard water area gave a best result reduction from 265 to 165 on TDS which I though was pretty good. That probably equates to a temporary hardness of around 150 but I haven't bought the chemicals to test that as yet. Ph is reduced from 7.5 to 6.5 on my tap water using the Maxtra filters too.

[@Dpmcalexander]

About how tall is the kit including the filter? Can't find the dimensions anywhere.

[@Coffee-connoisseur]

Hi Marc, I have recently purchased a BWT bestsave M for my Mozzafiato and after following the instructions to make sure the filter is ran through water and left in the tank for 10-12 hours to cure the water, I woke up the next day to test the water and all I got was cloudy water, is this normal? Am I destroying my boiler and group head? Thanks, I’ve been watching your videos for more than 10 years and I’m a long time fan! Keep up the great work!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Ali, Thanks for the comment and question. Hmm... I have not seen that happen. What's you're starting water quality? Marc

[@Coffee-connoisseur]

@@Wholelattelovepage Toronto's tap water. These are the compositions: Calcium: 35ppm, Chloride: 27ppm, Sulfate 27ppm, Alkalinity: 86ppm or 104 HCO3, Magnesium: 9ppm, Sodium 14ppm, Total TDS around 170 ppm (with my own TDS reader). Source:www.gtabrews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GTA-Brews-2019-Jan-Intro-to-Brewing-Water-2.2.pdf

[@EagleEan]

Hi any Chance you can show us how to connect the bwt best cup adapter to a Gaggia Classic Pro reservoir

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Juan, Thanks for the request - I'll try and get a video out on that. In the meantime It's fairly straightforward. Connect the angled nipple of the Bestcup adapter to the Classic water intake house in the reservoir. The angle nipple extends from the side of the adapter and is larger than the nipple at the bottom of the adapter. If your adapter came with a short hose on the angled nipple you can take that off and connect nipple directly to the Classic's intake hose. The Classic's intake hose typically has a "V" cut in the end. After connecting use the suction cup on the adapter to mount the filter in a vertical position in the reservoir. Marc

[@TazaCoffeeCompany]

What do you think of everpure systems? Specifically a 9328-06 highflow csr twin or triple. Is it overkill? Also do you recommend any uv system? Saw cafes use them in my part of the world. Just want the best water for my machine. Thanks!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Jason, Thanks for the questions. Hard to say if that system is overkill. It may depend on your initial source water quality. UV systems are generally used to kill bacteria in water. Here in US that is not needed with municipal water supplies. Marc

[@k3v24]

So would using filtered zero water in a bwt pitcher not work or be as effective? Because there wouldn’t be a particle exchange?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Kev, Thanks for the question. That is correct. It's an exchange process so needs the minerals to exchange. You'd likely be better off doing remineralization. Marc

[@rAustinBall]

So I have been using a bestmax premium plumbed into my Rocket Mozzafiato. I tested the PH balance recently and it is at 5.9. The tap water is sitting at about 6.6. In the BWT manual, it says "When selecting the material, remember that canonized water contains free carbonic acids. To prevent corrosion, BWT recommends that no components made from copper, galvanized, chromium-plated or nickel-plated materials are installed between the filter system and the appliance." Water that is too acidic causes corrosion. copper pipe is not recommended below a ph of 6.5. Additionally, espresso is recommended to be brewed with water of a ph value of 7 and not lower than 6.5. I bought into this system because of it's protection against limescale, the joy of being plumbed in, and the addition of magnesium back into the water. The fact it says avoid copper (which will corrode faster at high temperatures!) is frustrating and is something that I think needs to be addressed when the majority of boilers are copper. Very interested in your thoughts on this Marc.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Austin, I'm curious as to what your source water hardness is and what bypass setting you are using on the BWT system. My initial thoughts... Your source water pH is lower than most so you may have a somewhat unique starting water quality. Likelihood of scale formation or corrosion is based on a combination of factors beyond pH like TDS, calcium level and bicarbonate level. Being high or low in just one factor does not necessarily mean you will have scale or corrosion. In the past BWT's recommendation has been to increase the bypass setting on the filter head for low pH. So if your bypass is at 1 set to 2. If currently at 2 set to 3. This should reduce the pH drop. In a few cases in the past we have had people with unique starting water quality and brought BWT water chemists into the loop for advisement. If you are in the US and would like to pursue that please contact our tech support dept here: www.wholelattelove.com/pages/contact-us Let them know you spoke with me. It's likely BWT will need more detailed info on your source water quality. Marc

[@rAustinBall]

Whole Latte Love thanks Marc! It is still distressing (regardless of the ph) that the Bestmax premium installation guide specifically recommends avoiding copper when so many boilers are copper.

[@cbzimm]

What about Glaceau Smart Water? Quoted from the bottle " vapor distilled water and electrolytes for taste = purely balanced pH".

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Bev, Thanks for the question. Hard to say. "Electrolytes" gives no data about the amount or types of minerals in the water. You want some minerals in brew water but too much causes scaling. It could work but what you need to know is the water's hardness. If total hardness is 50-70ppm you're unlikely to have scale issues yet have the minerals needed for good flavor and prevention of over-extraction. Marc

[@ericwu156]

Hi Mark, I have 2 questions: 1) with the use of a penguin pitcher no descaling is necessary? 2) how do I check if my machine for scale over time to make sure the filter water is working in preventing scale? Thanks Mark!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Eric, According to BWT if using the Penguin pitcher according to directions you will not have scaling. One easy way to check for scale on E61 group machines you can remove the mushroom valve on the group. If you see scale deposits there it's likely you have scale elsewhere. Marc

[@oliverwhite30]

Hi. I live in the Virgin Islands. We do not have "City Water" to the house. I'm carefully considering the water supply issue before I bite the bullet on purchasing my Espresso machine. Here's my thoughts. 1. My water supply will be the 5 gallon LeBlue distilled water. 2. I will use the FloJet 5000 water pump to pump water from the LeBlue 5 Gallon Bottle. 3. I will then feed that Distilled LeBlue water through the BWT filter and into the Espresso machine. 4. Is this setup adequate to totally eliminate scale buildup in an espresso machine??? Thanks Oliver.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Oliver White Hi, thanks for the question. If your bottled water is truly pure distilled what you need to do is remineralize that water to a level appropriate for espresso extraction but not so hard with minerals it will cause scale. BWT has a remin filter called Bestmin for this purpose. Do not use their Bestmax filter. Another option is manual remineralization of pure distilled water. Search for my video on how to make SCA brew water to learn how to do that. It’s a cheaper yet more labor intensive option. Marc

[@oliverwhite30]

Whole Latte Love Many thanks for the information. Cheers

[@juliamaksimenko9083]

Hi Mark, thanks for good info. If I use Penguin pitcher, can I used tap water or does it need to be filtered prior? Thanks.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Julia, You are welcome. So long as your tap water is safe to drink the Penquin Pitcher is all you need. Marc

[@juliamaksimenko9083]

@@Wholelattelovepage that's awesome! Thanks Marc

[@cawat7x]

Hi Mark, i have RO water system at home. Should i put the RO water into the BWT pitcher or just tap water.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Matt, If you have the Penguin pitcher just use the tap water. Use of RO depends on your RO system type. Many are setup with remineralization if yours is then you can put that in the pitcher too. If your system produces pure, zero TDS mineral free water the penguin pitcher will not remineralize as it uses ion-exchange to replace calcium with magnesium. If no calcium in the water no exchange will happen. Hope that helps! Marc

[@Luforge]

Hiya Marc- I have been using R/O water mixed with tap filtered water for making coffee- If i used the R/O water and poured it into the penguin jug that your using would that mineralize the water better, for use of coffee?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi J, Hope you are well. That will not work as it uses an exchange of magnesium for calcium. If mineral free RO to begin with there's nothing to exchange. Marc

[@Luforge]

@@Wholelattelovepage Ok.. thanks marc.So if I buy a penguin jug and Just poured R/O water into it would that be ok? Or just plain filtered water onto the jug.. which would be better?

[@mjmjersey]

Please tell me what my water my BTW water pressure regulator should be set to for my profitec Pro 700 with flow control

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi michael, Profitec recommends setting waterline pressure to 2 bar or less. Marc

[@sonvfave]

Did you test the “after the filter” water for hardness? Great price!!

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Matthew, Thanks for the question. I have tested water coming out of the BWT Bestmax Premium cartridge filter. Results depend on your source water hardness and the filter's bypass setting. Simple total hardness tests do not tell the whole story. Because the Bestmax filter use ion-exchange you may see total hardness which is similar to total input hardness - but depends on your total input hardness. What I test for after treatment is individual calcium and magnesium levels in the water. Calcium levels drop dramatically after treatment while magnesium levels increase. This maintains a mineral level needed to prevent over-extraction, support flavor and stop corrosion of metals which can happen if one uses pure RO or distilled water - water that's far too soft. Marc

[@sonvfave]

@@Wholelattelovepage We may do this under sink for our kitchen sunk tap water Unless u would recommend another solution

[@sonvfave]

My water has chlorides from treatment by city Is there a good range for this system?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Matthew, Some parts of the country have high chloride levels. It's common in Boston, DC, Philly, parts of the Carolinas, Florida, other coastal areas, parts of the upper mid-west and SoCal. Chlorides are not a problem in for sure in Seattle, Portland, NYC and many other areas. Some amount of chlorides are not a problem but if you know for a fact yours are unusually high then the preferred treatment for removal is reverse osmosis or an-ion exchange. The BWT systems use cat-ion exchange and are not capable of correcting for high chloride levels. I do not know the cutoff ppm for chlorides but have inquired with BWT for that information.

[@MrHayden11]

What would be better for the rocket apartamento reservoir? The rocket branded bags or the BWT filter bags ?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Jamo, IMO the BWT Bestsave pad filters are better. They use the calcium to magnesium ion-exchange. Fairly certain the Rockets use standard water softening. Was just working on a video for the new Rancilio Silvia Pro dual boiler PID machine. Rancilio is including the BWT filter with the Silvia Pro and that made me so happy! Marc

[@MrHayden11]

Whole Latte Love thabks for the reply! Just wondering I have the apartamento and the sette 720 I have had it for a day now but not been able to get a good shot from it yet. Not even close. Would you guys do a demo of the machines together? Like a kinda tips guide? Grind settings etc

[@adamhartman4312]

So what if you have a water softener from well water? What would be the best situation for that?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Adam, Thanks for the question. Really depends on the well water. I've had excellent water from artesian wells and some really gross hard sulphary water from surface perk fed wells. If artesian then the BWT Penguin pitcher should work: www.wholelattelove.com/products/bwt-penguin-2-7-l-water-pitcher But cannot guarantee that as well water quality is all over the place from region to region and many softening techniques which could affect things. IMO best case is to consult a trusted local water expert. Let them know you need water that's relatively soft, not over the top in sodium level and will not cause scale. If you cannot get straight answers or good advice my recommendation is to start with distilled water and remineralze. This video explains how to do that: kzbin.info/www/bejne/n3msaJ15ZdiEkNE Marc

[@adamhartman4312]

@@Wholelattelovepage thank you mark!

[@babas0097]

Where to get the Best Cup inline filter? The one for the vibration pump? 17:07 mns

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi B, The Bestcup inline filter is available here: www.wholelattelove.com/products/bwt-bestcup-m-package Marc

[@babas0097]

@@Wholelattelovepage thank you! But it is out of stock. When will you guys give it?

[@MattyMattnj1]

I just installed the BWT Besthead system on my R / Mozzafiato and not sure but believe the pressure regulator is bad right out of the box. I installed everything correctly yest turning the knob on the regulator doesn't change any reading on the meter dial.....meter reads just under 5 bars or 70 psi...machine seems to work, water flow seems just about what it was before. What is the proper psi for the Mazzofiato R?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi CADK, If you have not tried already it's best to set the pressure with water flowing from the group of the machine. If you try to adjust pressure with no water flowing you may see very little or no change on the pressure gauge. There is no specific pressure setting for plumbed machines like your Mozzafiato R which has a solenoid valve on the plumbed input which cuts outside line pressure to the machine unless the pump is running. I run machines without a solenoid at 1.5 - 2 bar but you're fine to run at 5 bar. Changing the input pressure on your machine will have no effect on espresso extractions. If you adjust pressure with water flowing from the group and see no change on the pressure gauge please contact our Tech support for assistance: www.wholelattelove.com/pages/contact-us Hope that helps! Marc

[@MattyMattnj1]

@@Wholelattelovepage okay I see what you're saying the solenoid valve protects the machine regardless of the pressure coming from the water source... what about the pressure screw on the bottom of the machine? I don't need to do anything with that as well?

[@MattyMattnj1]

@@Wholelattelovepage i also did notice the water volume coming from the head did change as a moved the pressure regulator dial.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

@@MattyMattnj1 That's the brew pressure adjustment on the pump. Probably will not need to adjust. You can check by inserting a backflush disc in your PF and running the pump. If pump pressure is set properly you should see 9 bar on the brew pressure gauge. Marc

[@Wholelattelovepage]

@@MattyMattnj1 Flow rate changing from the group is a little surprising unless the pressure regulator is set to a very low pressure and then you turn it up. Marc

[@krenareba5920]

I have a water filtration system in my house for the whole water in the house so is that ok if I use tap water for the espresso machine?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi KB, It should help. But there are all kinds of filters with a wide range of what they filter. Main concern is water hardness and chlorine removal. Marc

[@krenareba5920]

Whole Latte Love I did the test with water strip and another one with TDS EZ test. The water strip shows 0 for chlorine and 6.2 for PH. The TDS EZ showed that my tap water is 113 so not sure if this is for hardness. So is this ok for my machine?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Krenare Ba Hi, sounds good you are in soft water range and with pH a bit low no scale based on your numbers

[@krenareba5920]

Whole Latte Love I thought the hardness was high since it’s 113 but Ure saying I’m safe to use this water for gaggia classic pro machine right? Anyways I will change the filter in the house soon. About the PH is that a problem for the machine? What’s the ideal nr?

[@jjg19631]

Never trusted US water for consumption. We have extreme high quality tap-water over here (the Netherlands) and I’m using the BWT penguin to reduce hardness.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi JG, Thanks for the comment. There are some regional differences in US water quality but for the most part it's darn good. I do like the Penguin pitcher for controlling minerals. Marc

[@jjg19631]

@@Wholelattelovepage I know Las Vegas, L.A. and New York water and that I would not use to make coffee :).

[@canadian_coffe_guy4690]

So checked on the water im using. Says Dissolved Mineral salts 125ppm Fluoride ions 0.1ppm is that sufficient? Na 6.6 HC03 27 S04 8.1 N03 5 Mg 5 Ca 13

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi Andy, I asume the 125ppm is a TDS measure. If so, that's relatively soft and in good range for coffee/espresso brewing. Not sure what scale the Mg 5 and Ca 13 are on so hard to make a call on that. Treating with a Ca to Mg ion-exchange should put you at a place which will not cause scale. Marc

[@space.youtube]

Marc AKA 'Heisenberg'

[@Wholelattelovepage]

hahahahah! Marc

[@jadenschannel8394]

Question: What’s the purpose of descaling an espresso machine?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi J, Thanks for the question. The purpose of descaling is to remove mineral deposits in the machine. Marc

[@TheDesertsweeper]

I kept falling asleep trying to watch this... You h reward about the seven second attention span thing right?

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Lol, sounds like you need an espresso or two! Marc

[@TheDesertsweeper]

@@Wholelattelovepage haha yes indeed! espresso under the belt and now awake, great video thanks

[@kieranmckenney4275]

Oh goodness, I'm scared to put water in my machine.

[@Wholelattelovepage]

Hi KM, No need to fear! Just filter to control the minerals! Marc

[@jhwk1970]

We tried beer one time in college, but it didn’t work out that well.

[@kieranmckenney4275]

Don McKenzie did you actually?

[@jhwk1970]

Kieran McKenney In the 60’s Kansas had an 18 year old legal beer age. Wisdom was in short supply amongst us, but we did have some fun times. I’ll admit to nothing however.

[@kieranmckenney4275]

Don McKenzie that’s hilarious I can’t even imagine how awful that must have tasted haha

[@awatsycamorefarmnearsiouxf7526]

No offense but at times your wife should slap you silly

[@Wholelattelovepage]

hahahahah