We've Been Receiving a Radio Signal Every 22-Minutes for 35 Years, And Astronomers Are Baffled

The mystery signal GPM J1839-10 detected by the Murchison Widefield Array. NEW Solar System Displate Posters: displate.com/promo/astrum?art...
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Credit: Writer/Researcher | Ansh Bhatnagar
#neutronstars #astrum #pulsar
murchison widefield array, electron positron pair, synchrotron photons, starquake, magnetar

[@natashahurley-walker8974]

I'm the lead researcher on this study and I can honestly say: this is a great summary of our work! Thanks for producing this lovely video. And to viewers: we are working on figuring out what these things are! Literally, watch this space 😁

[@peterwarwyk7860]

Thank you for what you do ! Astronomy is awesome and somewhat like magic to a dunce like me. Keep elevating humanity !

[@Kotsowotso]

I've read your studies before! Recognized your name immediately. Amazing work you are doing! Keep it up

[@YZFoFittie]

Occam's razor, it's an intelligent being/ civilization sending out an encoded signal.

[@KenSoHappyClegg]

😎

[@robertt9342]

@@YZFoFittie. So you chose the most complicate answer?

[@boden8138]

Sorry, I’ll get around to changing the battery. I know it’s annoying to hear that beep every 22 minutes.

[@friendlyone2706]

😁

[@timhaldane7588]

Well played

[@JebBushHimself]

A bunch of mystery signals have basically been "oh Tim was heating up his fish during some of our experiments" which led to "OH MY GOD THERE IS A POWERFUL MICROWAVE SIGNAL ACROSS THE WHOLE SKY"

[@Ilix42]

After 35 years, these better be some hard to find batteries. If we waited 35 years over a couple AA’s…

[@rfichokeofdestiny]

Reminds me of a Steven Wright joke: “I have a switch in my kitchen that doesn’t do anything. So I flip it on and off all the time. One day I got a call from a lady in Germany. She said ‘cut that out’.”

[@powderedwater4742]

Reminds me of that "mysterious radio signal" researchers were trying to decipher for 17 years that turned out to be their microwave

[@NLynchOEcake]

I've always loved that story. Absolutely perfect way to obfuscate results to the top brass, maintaining funding as long as they don't look into the details. > Uhh, yes Sergeant. The signal has high periodicity around noon sir. It varies seasonally with peaks in the summer but is inconsistent and irregularly spaced. The fact it fits absolutely none of our models and can't be pinpointed on our sensors means it has to be aliens, sir.

[@daneenmurf1043]

What make of microwave works for seventeen years ? Seriously. I want one

[@mharrisones2020]

Sharp 1981 , 39 years, plate broke

[@daneenmurf1043]

@@mharrisones2020 Swap you. What size microwave plate you want ? I've got glass plates. Gimme that everlasting microwave

[@maaingan]

⁠​⁠@@daneenmurf1043it might last for a while… but the magnetron inside any microwave is a consumable item. Older expensive microwaves had higher quality magnetrons, but even then, severe degradation is expected around 2000 hours of use and replacement is recommended. They also become FAR less efficient with age, requiring *several times* the energy to reach the same temperature after many years of use

[@mcwolfbeast]

Wouldn't it be possible that the pulsar is, in fact, spinning much faster but on multiple axes, resulting in this pattern? 3-dimensional rotations can give rise to some pretty complex, slowly-repeating patterns from a fixed observer PoV, and since we only have a tiny window of observation, I think it's likely that the 22-minute interval is just one of the secondary rotational axes, while we don't actively see the primary (fast) axis of rotation.

[@Daniels656993]

Do you know of anything in space that rotates on multiple axes?

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

@@Daniels656993 A screwdriver on the ISS. Because stuff is chaotic and it's extremely hard to get something to rotate only along one axis. But what could be is that a pulsar has a partner that pulls on the pulsar and brings it into a semi-chaotic rotation. And for why it doesn't slow down. Perhaps it is slowing down, but it's also moving towards us and is basically "catching up" with the pulses. Doppler effect.

[@garyblack8717]

@@Daniels656993 Our earth rotates with a wobble, I light shined into space from our pole would only strike the same spot twice a year.

[@Joe-uv9jo]

@@Daniels656993 We hardly know how the universe works, kinda a silly question when most peoples ideas are just theories.

[@saleemcarr9501]

This is a super easy problem. The pulsar that sent these radio waves is already nova'd. Light is hell of alot faster than radio. We are hearing the remains of a long dead star thats light has already gone past us eons ago. No mystery at all just some high school physics. These guys are just lying for more grant money.... 😆

[@thomassvevo]

Last time something major happened every 22 minutes in space, I was caught in a time loop searching for the Eye of the Universe.

[@johntoffee2566]

Last time I had an experience that lasted for 22 minutes was a while back now...😢😊

[@zachbowles4516]

Came down here for this comment, saw 22 minutes and my mind filled in the rest lmao

[@koala71783]

Space Space Space Space Space Space Space Space Space Space

[@rossmeldrum3346]

Maybe you should have been searching for Murcheson Eye and the moat found there in. The Moties would have welcomed you as a visitor.

[@silviavalentine3812]

Hi you were looking for me?

[@Evdog001]

It makes me so happy that there are people smart enough on this planet to know this stuff. Gives me hope for humanity.

[@keirfarnum6811]

It’s depressing that it’s the same society that put Marge Greene and Lauren Boebert in Congress. I hope intelligence becomes more valued or we’ll be heading to Idiocracy. Brawndo! It’s got what plants crave! It’s got electrolytes! (Sorry. I’m contractually obligated every time Idiocracy is mentioned; even when I’m the one who mentions it).

[@SMGJohn]

Makes me sad that you presume everyones a moron, thats some serious lack of self esteem if I ever witnessed one.

[@MrNegative101]

Smart enough to know what stuff? This was a video precisely explaining that we don’t understand what’s happening. Like always. You must’ve missed all the retardants talking about aliens not to long ago cause if you had seen what I had seen your hope in humanity would be all but dashed. Even the government and nasa went looking for Area 51 not but a month ago. So I don’t know who you’ve been watching or paying attention to but from everything I’ve seen the best that can happen to us is that we get thrown into a pulsar and dispersed, every 22 minutes.

[@missfriscowin3606]

Until a Tik Tok video pops up in your feed 😂

[@Moe_Posting_Chad]

Don't worry. Minorities will demand more gibs for food and welfare and drugs. So goodbye space progress. We gotta feed the animals.

[@DoppsPkin]

00:07 Astronomers have discovered a mysterious radio signal arriving every 22 minutes for 35 years. 02:08 The radio signal source has maintained a consistent rotation period over the past 35 years. 04:10 Neutron stars are incredibly dense and have a strong magnetic field. 06:15 The pulses of light emitted by pulsars are detected as a result of a pair production cascade. 08:07 The signal is detected even though it doesn't match the properties of a pulsar in the death valley. 10:05 Astronomers have detected a radio signal from a neutron star every 1318 seconds for 35 years 12:01 The identity of the signal remains a mystery after 35 years 13:47 The source of the 22-minute signal remains a mystery despite various theories.

[@Airpaycheck]

Yup. Battery in the receiver’s smoke detector needs changing.

[@daikucoffee5316]

The signal comes from the hot pockets in the cafeteria microwave.

[@Drewski210]

Lol probably right

[@jasoncox9883]

👀💀 on that one!

[@hoej]

Someone really needs their hot pockets on a regular basis.

[@oberonpanopticon]

For anyone who doesn’t know, that’s a thing that actually happened. Iirc it was at the Parkes Observatory in Australia, the radio telescope Tom Scott toured.

[@jayteamoriarty-writer7534]

This news? Made me drop my hotpocket.

[@1draigon]

Varying by 6 minutes is a LOT But not over 35 years. That’s basically PERFECT

[@friendlyone2706]

And itself implies something.

[@python27au]

But if i heard him right its a variation between the length of the signal and the time between signals, not over the whole 35 years. Each cycle is 22 minutes apart when averaged over the last 35 years.

[@timhaldane7588]

​@@friendlyone2706oh? What does it imply?

[@YodaWasSith]

@@friendlyone2706 And we are once again not going to sit back and say "We don't understand it so (insert whatever you currently worship)"

[@friendlyone2706]

@@timhaldane7588 That is the fun question with many potential answers. I prefer little green men.

[@MrTomLegit]

My fun sci-fi idea off of this is a civilization that has figured out how to create these extremely stable pulsars. They use them for timekeeping/navigation. They have to come by every so often to top it up like a generator or tend it like an actual lighthouse.

[@tipi5586]

I write hard sci fi and have come such a long way in my education on astromony since leaving any formal education on it, but this mystery is just so grand and beautiful that i feel any guess i could give would only bismirch the topic. Hats off to the researchers working on this ❤

[@darkpixel2k]

I enjoy good sci-fi. Got any recommendations? ;)

[@cameron8619]

@@darkpixel2k rendezvous with rama

[@Phyzikal]

Where can I read your stuff ?!

[@KdetJim]

Could it be something akin to gyroscopic precession: the pulsar is spinning at a speed that makes sense, but is precessing once every 22 minutes? The earth spins around the geographic north/south poles, but those poles precess such that the Polaris will eventually no longer be the North Star. That might also explain the variations within the 6 minute signal windows: every 22 minutes we get a glimpse into the chaos caused by its rotational motion, but then it processes away from us.

[@xRoughxGemx]

That's the first thing I thought of also. Sounds like a mechanical/ rotational thing.

[@LeonardoVaz76]

It could be a structure similar to a Dyson Sphere orbiting a brown dwarf (or maybe a dying neutron star), working as a "cosmic lighthouse".

[@A-lik]

I wonder if it's a pulsar in a binary orbit around another large object, with other large debris in orbit around the pair.

[@Mark_Bridges]

Gyroscopic precession should be more stable though, not vary up to 6 minutes per pulse.

[@BuranStrannik]

@@Mark_Bridges Variation would be due to much more rapid cycle of the star itself, that isn't synchronised ith precession, so we observe a slightly different moment of it every time. But something tells me, astronomers would consider and calculate this and similar possibilities already, and apparently numbers didn't match.

[@frankenoise]

That would really be a shame if someone outside our Solar System was trying to talk to us but we couldn't hear them.😔

[@bullywife]

Would not make sense anyways...outside of our Galaxy we are talking thousands if not millions of light years of distance...you would have to wait an eternity to get a message...let alone another one to reply.

[@PantsuMann]

Extremely hard to know that we are here. Maybe a wide, extremely strong signal that we marely hears as a small noise just to signal that they exist, but probably we would hear nothing.

[@YangSunWoo]

Regular signals seems more likely to be a natural phenomenon rather than intelligence. Why not send a signal every 1,2,3,5,8,13 minutes in a loop?

[@dingzhuxi]

@@YangSunWoo Well you have the factor in that the concept of time (in Earth minutes) is DEFINED by Earth. Another system or even galaxies COULD (in theory) have a different concept of time (i.e 22 earth minutes could equal 1 ______ minute).

[@YangSunWoo]

@@dingzhuxi the ratios would still be the same, no?

[@1ralton1]

It was really nice to listen to your voice and have that lovely music in the background. I found the music quite moving at times. And to hear you speak of such mysterious yet quite real phenomena made me decide to like and subscribe. 🙂

[@tenfodaddy4351]

Superb! So refreshing- so many other science content is full of meandering, rambling junk and B-roll graphics that have nothing to do with a topic, that I dreaded watching any science content. You’ve restored my faith! I’m subscribing.

[@PaperclipClips]

It's a "car alarm" that got false-triggered on one of the aliens' space ship while it's parked somewhere. The owner never bothered to shut it off and now it's just been "blaring away" non-stop, bothering the entire "neighborhood" for decades.

[@rapidrush6033]

Bet it was JJIGNOHKUBKH again.

[@gorilladisco9108]

Or it is as mundane as ... There was an advanced civilization at that GPM J-1839-10 location. They were experiencing global warming, But they had solution to it, that is, they knew how to convert heat into electromagnetic wave at whatever frequency that signal was, and beamed it (threw it) to outer space. They built several megastructures of that device on their planet surface, encircling it. So, as their planet was rotating, the electromagnetic wave swept the Earth at regular period of 22 minutes.

[@Dylan_ISA]

Can you imagine? we finally meet aliens and they're like "It's about time, it's been thousands of years! we've been trying to reach you about your extended warranty.."

[@dankengine5304]

“Your atmosphere’s extended warranty has, or is about to expire.”

[@Mark_Bridges]

@@dankengine5304 You haven't paid your rent on that planet for thousands of years, we're going to repossess it.

[@dankengine5304]

@@Mark_Bridges - “Good luck xenos scum” *Racks shotgun*

[@PhantomPanic]

Oh God not the worn out extended warranty joke again.

[@keirfarnum6811]

Even worse: “we’re here to destroy your planet to create a hyperspace bypass. Don’t complain; the plans have been available at your local Planning Office at Tau Ceti for 2000 years.”

[@cteal2018]

It is when the signal stops that we should be worried.

[@sydisemma]

I gotta say these animations you have make everything so clear. Fantastic work, Alex.

[@carpemkarzi]

Another great video. The more I think about it the more I realize (I know I’m late to the party) that anything dealing with space is all some form of archeology. Always peering into the past trying to figure out what happened. It’s lovely

[@m.s.7926]

The past is our future, and the future is our past.

[@natashahurley-walker8974]

Yes, and we get to see all the layers at once! (Except for dust extinction, and redshift, but close enough :) )

[@VenerableBede2510]

You’re so absolutely right about it being archeology

[@Vanity0666]

​@@m.s.7926everything in this universe is relative

[@nicholasmiranda6013]

​@@m.s.7926my presence is a present, kiss my ass.

[@Steve-gc5nt]

They must think we've put them on hold.

[@punahou78]

The Dyson Sphere runs an ejection routine every 22 minutes. There are variations between each ejection due to the quantity of material being ejected.

[@markuslenzing7386]

It's garbage collection and ejection for Java software used to run the Dyson sphere controls.

[@yapflipthegrunt4687]

@@markuslenzing7386 oh sweet jesus a dyson sphere that's running on controls written in java is terrifying

[@johnmann6866]

Kudos Alex. Great to hear about another quirky flaw in understanding. And good luck to Natasha. Is there an outreach page?

[@griphonhelilx]

A timed signal with 6 minutes of data every 22 minutes, that does sound like a lighthouse. There should be a lot more out there with similar characteristics. It would then work similar to GPS, but then on a galactic and extragalactic domain.

[@ronaldlebeck9577]

Or maybe something like WWV, perhaps? Perhaps a "lighthouse" with a coded beacon, maybe like a VOR transmitter for aircraft.

[@friendlyone2706]

If a lighthouse, should we expect interesting stars to be cosmologically near it? Either potentially dangerous or potentially life friendly? Plus, if a lighthouse for an intragalactic GPS type function, shouldn't there be at least two more? Preferably far apart? Predict where you would put them, and hope someone looks there. Whoever predicts first wins lots of attention.

[@flaviog.7628]

Maybe is a lighthouse saying "Home" or better, "Land"

[@kevinsayes]

@@friendlyone2706”wormhole here” would be cool

[@pablogonzalez2009]

Like a quasar?

[@MartinKPettersson]

I remember being a child and walking out behind our house with my fathers birding telescope and looking at the night sky. KZbin wasn't a thing back then so I'd read Sky & Telescope and Astronomy and dream of one day going into space or hearing about actual contact with aliens like in Star Trek. I think that later when I went to live as a Buddhist monk, part of the reason was that I was looking for the infinite calm that I always felt when I was alone in silence under the night sky.

[@chilbiyito]

Did you summon a demon

[@GudieveNing]

You MUST read the book Contact by Carl Sagan. And then watch the movie. Both are excellent, but book first!

[@noelalexisshaw-nas-noz5142]

🤦🤣🤦

[@1draigon]

This feels like a ChatGPT message wtf

[@noelalexisshaw-nas-noz5142]

@@GudieveNing 🤦🤣🤦

[@lifearttimes]

Thank You, for this episode. The 22min, pulse is a message of LOVE!❤️❤️❤️

[@jeffreyhancock8831]

Well, if you ask me .... I believe it is Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars putting on a show somewhere in the universe. Since he plays his guitar with his left hand, it takes a bit longer to receive the signal ....well, maybe.

[@Rushwind]

As I understand it, the Chandrasekhar Limit is about a too-small-to-supernova neutron star, pulling a constant stream of matter off a red giant neighbor, until it absorbs exactly the right mass to go boom. This is why Type Ia supernovae are interesting to study; they all happen with essentially the exact same conditions, so the amount of light emitted should be the same. Could this be something similar, where Pulsar 1 has a neighbor that only deposits material slowly (like another pulsar which never points at earth, but points at Pulsar 1), and Pulsar 1 is close enough to be in the jet of emitted particles? It collects particles until it’s enough to go “pop”, bright enough to see from Earth, regular enough that it would pop regularly, but slow enough that it would take many, many revolutions of Pulsar 1 to emit them? Pulsar nova? (Like stellar nova, smaller than supernova, like a starquake from deposited material instead of internal shifting)

[@davidwuhrer6704]

I don't see how a pulsar would store such particles.

[@Breakemoff2]

@@davidwuhrer6704that’s a good point.

[@esterhammerfic]

I don't think a star will have any mass remaining to supernova multiple times consecutively, it's a one time thing. And if the binary star were large enough to provide multiple "super-novas" of mass to a second star, it would be one sucking in the other star

[@grimcity]

Just throwing this out there... Imagine what would normally be a high-speed pulsar, but it's tidally locked on the same plane as another massive body. Rather than spin around on its axis, it's revolving around a body and pointing in our direction every 22 minutes. I imagine that's not the case, as I'm sure they've checked for potential anomalies every opposing 22 minutes (lensing, repeated fluctuations of anything, etc), but it's fun to imagine. Thanks for another wonderful video to contemplate.

[@davidpocock2205]

I think this is a good hypothesis. I was also thinking about it having a very unusual tilt. But I don't know much at all about these things 😊

[@Geenimetsuri]

This was my thought as well, but it would still have decayed energy through gravitational waves, so would have sped up (or slowed down) noticeably within the several decards.

[@grimcity]

@@Geenimetsuri - yeah mate, that was definitely one thing I had running through my head! I don't have the math strength to model anything like that so I wasn't sure what the orbital decay would look like on something like that (or even figure out a realistic object it could be revolving around). I also kind've love not knowing, too! Haha. Cheers!

[@grimcity]

@@davidpocock2205 - me either, david! lol

[@yahccs1]

Or even two radio source objects orbiting each other every 22 minutes and sometimes we get signals from one and sometimes the other or they interfere with each other?! All sorts of possibilities could be imagined...!

[@dnserror89]

I want to devote my life to researching mysteries like this, but instead I'm stuck doing dead-end software development that is draining me. Watching this video motivates me so much.

[@mitchell6679]

What branch of devel are you in?

[@jerrysizzler44]

Oh whatever enjoy your homebuyer salary

[@dnserror89]

@@jerrysizzler44 Lmao get outta here. People can't get depressed if they make decent money? Also, not in the US so my "homebuyer" salary is just a regular salary.

[@jerrysizzler44]

@@dnserror89 being depressed WITH the security of decent income is a lesser hell. I pray you don't have to experience years below the ever-rising poverty line for the working class who don't spend their days on NFTs and new apps. Glad this motivates you in your spare time.

[@schitlipz]

Good. Finally a video dealing with why pulsars do what they do. It's buried under the title, but truly the only video dealing with the physics details (too bad no equations).

[@kuuro_7712]

I think its gotta be a gravitational interaction between 2 bodies. Any more and it would be less stable, and if the lense from (probably) a black hole was aligned to our point of view, the signal could be amplified around the event horizon much like galaxies do to each other. It would have to be just right but hey, we have 400,000,000,000 samples in our galaxy to work with, some will end up being just right to look weird

[@amorencinteroph3428]

That was my initial thought, but not many things tend to speed up an object's spin. Gravity tends to slow down stellar bodies via tidal forces, unless they impact at an angle to add more angular momentum to the body. Then there's the fact that there should be a lot of energy lost, so whatever is doing it must also be imparting quite a lot of energy consistently over 35+ years.

[@Mark_Bridges]

Or an interaction between three bodies, for example a short-distance binary orbiting another more distant star, which is a mostly stable and predictable system and might explain the short term variation.

[@kuuro_7712]

@amorencinteroph3428 It wouldn't have to have been sped up by the interaction, the spin of pulsars come from the angular momentum of the star it used to be and the energy of the supernova from the death of it. Essentially pulsars are relatively recently dead corpes of large stars. And while the torque of the Earth-Moon interaction is slowing down Earth's rotation over time while the Moon moves away, two degenerate stars like black holes or neutron stars orbiting each other tend to get closer, and their orbits speed up as a result. I imagine it would take more than a few decades to get a crazy fast orbit like this, however, and at some point the 2 objects are going to collide

[@kuuro_7712]

@Mark_Bridges That is a stable form of trinary systems much like Alpha Centuari and Proxima Centuari, but the distant companion wouldn't be noticeable until it passed in front of the other 2, and that orbit would generally take years at least if not centuries depending on the distance. I would like to point out that it does remain a possibility within my proposed model, we just wouldn't be able to tell the difference between binary or trinary in this case

[@amorencinteroph3428]

@@kuuro_7712 22 seconds is slow for a pulsar, not fast. They start super fast because of all the angular momentum of the original star's core being collapsed to such a small size, but they slow down over time. The unusual nature of this star is that its emitting energy as emissions but isn't losing rotational energy like most neutron stars due in response. That mean that something actively must be speeding it up in proportion to the energy it would have lost over the last 30 years.

[@TheElectronicDilettante]

Finally!! Worthwhile merch! Those image plates are incredible. Well done. Thank you for contributing something of substance.

[@andrewcpu]

Wormhole! Or, a star that is swirling around a black hole, time dilated and stuck sending us an alert each time it loops around it's black hole. The star is long dead, but were getting signals that escape orbit from the black hole every 22min

[@brucebaxter6923]

22 minute orbit around a black hole or other large mass. The 6 minute window is where it passes it’s axis across the alignment

[@gcm4312]

What if the pulsar is spinning so fast that it is surpassing the sensitivity of our sensors and creating a "rolling shutter" effect?

[@captain_context9991]

Ulikely but fun point.

[@eSKAone-]

Good idea 🌌💟☮️

[@eSKAone-]

Maybe there is a second neighboring pulsar rightly aligned so that it's beam continuously hits and thus charges "our" pulsar (the pulsar that contacts us) 🌌💟☮️

[@JohnJohansen2]

You mean millisecond pulsar?

[@YodaWasSith]

Physically impossible. The centrifugal force would rip the pulsar apart. More likely is some kind of gravitational anomaly.

[@Transilvanian90]

Absolutely fascinating video!! And I love this type of mystery, how it forces us to challenge our assumptions and understand the universe better. I'm really curious to find out what this signal turns out to be

[@davidarbuckle7236]

This is awe-inspiring. Every time I watch Astrum I learn something new. Thank you so much for helping us space-clueless folks to understand the Universe a little more.

[@Sgt_Bill_T_Co]

I spoke to a mate of mine who lives considerably closer to this 'phenomenon' he said that it was actually orbiting a blackhole, apparently where he lives they have to duck and cover every 9.62 lombs (22 minutes our time). Mystery solved!

[@DistracticusPrime]

That's a beautiful neighborhood. Too bad about all the pulsars, but at least they're not permanent. How close is it to the black hole? Maybe time dilation makes the period appear slower than it really is?

[@Rayman1971]

Does he know Greeblex? He owes me 5 tals.....

[@poneill65]

Perhaps it something irregular orbiting a massive body (every 22minutes) and the massive body is lensing something that irregular object is emitting. Something like a broken planet, or a group of bound asteroids like Trojans. I think orbital periods are more stable than rotational periods of objects like neutron stars which decay due to interactions with their surroundings. As long as the emission source on the object is not directly interacting with it's surrounding too much, it might not be slowed. (what happens to the emissions after would have none)

[@LolUGotBusted]

I am a little unclear. Are you suggesting the asteroids are the massive object, capable of gravitational lensing , or the one a thousand times brighter than a white dwarf pulsar?

[@poneill65]

@@LolUGotBusted No, suggesting there's a very massive object, like a neutron star or black hole (that can lens significantly) and that something else orbiting that star, in a plane that extends to us, is emitting something that is being lensed. IF that object was irregular in form, or irregular in it's own rotation, it might produce the irregular number of pulses we see on each "transit" from our point of view. I think it's a very long shot because it sounds like this is a very high energy pulse, .... although, lensing can amplify signals to appear to be far brighter than simple distance leads us to believe. Pleas understand, I'm not an astrophysicist. I pulled this right out of my backside, so perhaps it's not the most efficient use of anyone's time to rip me a new a-hole over it,.. one's enough to rip things outa 🙂

[@LolUGotBusted]

I did not mean to come across as truculent. After reading up on gravitational microlensing your idea is not without merit (Neither am I an astrophysicist). @@poneill65

[@colesonafrank5329]

This is awesome! I hope and presume that some teams of brilliant folks have already jumped into looking for patterns in the signal variations (shown at 1:15 into this video) in all the data collected over the years. Such variations in contrast to the precise rotation rate seem especially intriguing.

[@Sgt_Bill_T_Co]

It's Morse code, The 22 minute delay is the time it takes to recharge the power supply capacitors sufficiently to send the information packet.

[@rdyxp]

@@Sgt_Bill_T_Cobut if they are capable of sending such strong signals that far dont u think that it would take WAY longer to give it this much power? also how in so much time would there not be a certain reason for the 22 minutes to be messed up and it take 30 or more? it seems too far coincidental for a battery change to be considered/theorized

[@staticbuilds7613]

Maybe something is rotating around the pulsar every 22 minutes, It aligns with the times the pulsar would send waves our direction and by pure coincidence blocks the signal. However every 22 minutes there is a window will allows the signal. The object rotating could also be acting like a mirror and redirecting the signal towards us every 22 minutes. Either way this video was interesting and really good. Always good to watch videos like this every few years to know what people have discovered about space

[@shawnh3411]

Absolutely loved this video, understood none of it, but it was awesome to learn

[@liz4v]

I can't help but think of Outer Wilds.

[@Plaudible]

Down to the same timeframe and everything!

[@magma_fire_bagwan]

Me either bro

[@Dango428]

My Outer Wilds bros know exactly what these signals are but will tell no one cause spoilers

[@matthewanderson7824]

It’s just the OPC

[@suiginmigasuto3356]

35 years though? Our boy might need to step up his game. Maybe the Hatchling really likes the “End Times Theme.” 😂

[@matthewanderson7824]

@@suiginmigasuto3356 it’s only 836731 loops

[@baneblackguard584]

solution: binary neutron system, 22 minute elliptical orbits. the pulse we detect happens when they are closest and the interplay of their magnetic fields sends out a strong EM signal. not exactly the same each time because the interplay of their fields aren't exactly the same each orbit, but the period remains the same.

[@HilmyA.S.]

Twist : it has been sending us that signal for the past 2 billion years, we just developed the necessary tools to detect it

[@cvmcmanus3763]

I am fascinated by this! Something new, mysterious and very thoughtfully presented. Thank you, Alex!

[@SebHaarfagre]

I had a weird epiphany not long ago. I was going home late and looked at the clear moon over a valley, hanging there, clear in sight. I suddenly had the massive realization and understanding of exactly what it was, it's place and size, everything. I saw it for what it was, I don't know how else to describe it. An extremely massive ball, so massive that we can see it from here, which if plunged into Earth would simply be the end of everything. Yet also awe inspiring in its own right, so much unexplored territory, its own valleys and mountains, and so cold and alone. But an actual "super massive" object floating very (relatively) close in our sky. Don't know how to say it. Just, been going my whole life, I mean I've seen it - we all have - but I didn't really pay _attention_ to it.

[@oldnelson4298]

Shrooms are a hell of a drug

[@konanoobiemaster]

congrats on that 3rd grade revelation

[@AmySorrellMusic]

In my youth I had a similar epiphany but I had placed my hands on the Earth and acknowledged what IT was, a huge ball of dirt and water hurling through space at unfathomable speed and yet so fragile and sustaining life. What a rush.

[@scottabc72]

@@konanoobiemaster Congrats on acting like youre in 3rd grade

[@namedrop721]

This is what the mystics call ‘direct knowledge’, congrats friend

[@jesiahhubbs7216]

This is the song I listen to when I’m trying to clear my mind haha for a moment I thought my playlist was playing on another device. Good choice and great video!

[@NikolaSekuloski]

I heard I think the question why pulsars pulse ...not why they emit e.m. waves. There exist misalignment between magnetic field and rotation axis, which creates it to do format of pulsating energy like iregularity like a flaw, a gap creating it breackages so it pulses like rock in fire.

[@cheriann6461]

Oh my gosh - I just noticed that you have MORE than 1.6 MILLION subscribers! That's awesome! I've been watching since the first 'What Hubble Saw' videos, and it's great to see the channel thrive. Good work, and congratulations! Next, 2 million subscribers!

[@astrumspace]

Always nice to see an OG subscriber still around 😁

[@billtetley1596]

And he just got one more because of this vid 😊

[@yestfmf]

Yes! That number is….astronomical.

[@SevenSixTwo2012]

Has this signal been tested for patterns and/or repetition over the years? Perhaps there's even more to this mystery. It has been proposed that using pulsars in unconventional ways could be a technosignature of some sort.

[@sharonbraselton4302]

yes çitvchef wediv xay vokabedß

[@SevenSixTwo2012]

@@pahub9256 If they did, where is the mention of those studies in the video? It's spelled "analysis" by the way, you sarcastic prick.

[@AmitBiswasTV]

@Astrum is one of the best KZbin channels!! 😎 Keep up the awesome work mate !!

[@robbierobinson8819]

Thanks for a great video. I have always battled to get my mind around how pulsars actually produce the beams and you explanation and diagrams are amazingly clear. In fact, this video needs more than one viewing for me.

[@Allexz]

Our team came over some of the data, the signal sent data with a type of compression we had never before seen, however it was not there for the reason of making it any harder uncompress, it just took a few weeks to understand the basics. The signal which has been repeated, has actually been repeated in parts, thats why it sometimes give much shorter bursts than other times.... We looked over it by several different decoding tool. For fun we translated it to what would have been text and numbers and to med they just dont make any sense they are 4 8 15 16 23 42. Havent a clue what could be the meaning of it.

[@DawnDavidson]

Hahahah! Should we be looking out for a galactic smoke monster? 😂😂😂

[@nicolasvalenzuela3455]

42

[@straphyr]

I've got a great idea, I'm gonna go play these numbers in the lottery. Surely we'll get a great premise for a tv show out of my actions BTW it was actually revealed in an ARG after the show ended that the numbers were a way to track if they changed the course of fate, because they also were used to calculate humanity would end. I left out some stuff, but yeah, it was neat I guess, wish it was in the show.

[@dawnkindnesscountsmost5991]

42, huh? I hear tell of that one having some significance. 🤔

[@mk__cyanheron1154]

Maybe it's the Eye of the Universe ?

[@OpinionThief]

We've been receiving the fucking eye signal this whole time and we didn't even notice... Well, if it suddenly stops you already know...

[@generaldurandal3568]

On March 26th 2022, just past midnight, I was laying restless in bed, and I had a heart attack. My arms became tingly and numb, then my chest got tighter, and then my heart felt like it was being crushed. So I sang out to God and Jesus, about my pain, my feelings, my faults and my inabilities. As I sang, I began to feel like a river, and His hand's fingers where skimming the surface, separating the waters, causing ripples through my body. Then His hand reached inside, and lit my heart on fire, the heat moved like waves through my body. When I was done singing, all the pain was gone, and I looked at the clock, it was past 1am, I had been singing near an hour. Then the voice of my guardian angel called my name from above, and there was a hymn of energy in the air, the same hymn I hear in my dreams of God. Hallelujah for the Lord my God! Hallelujah for His son Jesus! Hallelujah for every day! Hallelujah for every breath!

[@danejurus69]

Sky fairy save me now! 😂

[@grawss]

There are a few examples of blinking objects in space, which are thought to be pulsars. The signal here could be one of these. It takes a few minutes to build up the energy, we see the release of energy, and the cycle repeats like a pressure valve in an extremely balanced system.

[@karlmel15]

yep they cover this during the first 30 seconds of the video.....

[@grawss]

@@karlmel15 They covered rotating pulsars, not blinking pulsars, where the light literallly turns off and on again based on the energy input/output. Like I said, a pressure valve in an extremely balanced system, which would answer the questions presented in the video in ways a rotating pulsar does not.

[@losmosquitos1108]

Thank you, Alex! You never disappoint. 👍♥️

[@davefig]

Maybe instead of simply switching off at a certain point in the 'Valley of Death' maybe it sometimes tapers off - or hits a lower energy state with longer wavelengths and lower intensity, such that the frequency shifts out of X-ray and it stops slowing down quickly because it's no longer emitting nearly as much energy

[@ErikOstermueller]

Meet L, a very simple but large and stable system. Then meet system S, which is many times smaller than L and rotates around L. S is a multi-component system (like a binary star or a solar system) and rotates around L once every 22 minutes. The pulse-emitting component(s) of S is/are only in position to transmit pulses to Earth during the same 6.5 minute segment of it's 22 minute rotation path around L. Intricacies inside of S (perhaps single- or multi-object pulse eclipses) are responsible for the erratic pulsing behavior inside the 6.5 minute window.

[@SunsetValleyRanch]

It's a homing beacon for the ones who helped build the pyramids. They overstayed, used too much of the dilithium crystals helping hoomans build cool things out of giant rocks, and then tried to get back home, but ran out of gas, and now they are calling the intergalactic AAA. Some of them stayed behind, and today we know them as the common house cat. That's why they are always trying to get on our laptops. They are covertly hoping that if enough of them lay on our keyboards, they'll figure out how to get the meowthership home.

[@willl_dabeast]

Your insane 😂😆🤣

[@MarcoLandin]

Great video Alex! Has anyone tried making sense of the individual bursts as packets of infirmation? Ummmm, CONTACT-style? Would be funny to discover a hidden signal featuring the coronation of Queen Elizabeth but vastly amplified. "We see youuuuuu.... and you wear funny hats"

[@DistracticusPrime]

I immediately went there too. Then I saw the graph of signals over time. It seems like (if anything) we're receiving just a bit or two every 22 minutes. If that's any kind of signal, most likely it's a test... ...of patience.

[@PantsuMann]

When you hit the like button so fast YT lags and you have to press it again.

[@DaveEtchells]

Unrelated to the main topic, but this just struck me: Magnetars have star-quakes “when the crust rearranges itself”. So there are distinct layers in neutron stars with structure and different physical properties? I’d never known that before, I just thought of them as big ~homogeneous globs of neutrons smooshed together. What causes the structure that’s disrupted and then reforms during a starquake?

[@aanchaallllllll]

0:29: 🌌 Astronomers discovered a strange radio signal arriving every 22 minutes, which has been stable since 1988 and challenges our understanding of neutron stars. 3:59: 🌟 Pulsars are incredibly dense neutron stars with a strong magnetic field that emit light waves. 7:07: 🌌 Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that emit beams of light, which can be detected by radio telescopes. 10:05: 🌟 The video discusses the possibility of a neutron star emitting light due to starquakes caused by its strong magnetic field. 13:47: 🔍 The source of a 22-minute signal in space remains unknown. Recap by Tammy AI

[@brunnomenxa]

0:11 they know the rules and so do I.

[@MixieCheek]

You monster...

[@timhaldane7588]

An explanation's what they're thinking of

[@photon6668]

A completely normal pulsar orbiting a black hole seems like a pretty trivial explanation of what's happening. It explains the shift in frequency, and also the stability (it's really rotating much faster, just slows down because of relativity)

[@boring7823]

Pretty sure even a neutron star would be well within it's roche limit before it gets substantial time dilation.

[@photon6668]

@@boring7823 even if it is so, I bet it could spend quite a bit of time there (from our perspective, also due to said time dilation) before they merge, especially if the black hole is huge.

[@Dr_Sparks_]

Was comment diving to see if someone already said this, my thoughts as well.

[@boring7823]

My suggestion is a neutron star that has managed to get itself tidally locked into a 20 minute orbit around a black hole. The two massive objects that close together have completely destabilised any accretion disk that used to exist and so the local area is almost clean. This just leaves the neutron star emissions powered by orbital momentum,

[@thej3799]

Whoa 😳. That would be so cool. A pulsar that doesn't fade due to conservation of energy because it's tidally locked to something so massive that it's constantly bringing in new energy and then essentially flinging it back out.

[@lefterismplanas4977]

3:35 That lokks stunning 😮 Wow

[@pavmal]

Was it ever considered that it is a binary system, a pulsar and a black hole at an equilibrium? Black hole might be the reason for a significant slowdown of the pulsar's rotation, as well as a stable release of its energy, but not a change in speed.

[@NeilRichins]

What would we expect from a neutron star orbiting a black hole? How close to a black hole would a neutron star be to slow the perceived pulse rate? Is there an orientation of the pulsar and black hole that would explain the two different signals?

[@nitroglycerific9295]

Those Displates look legitimately awesome. I've always been a huge fan of Uranus, long before I learned all the jokes people make about its name. It breaks my heart that such a gorgeous planet has been graced with little more than a flyby from Voyager II.

[@weedmanwestvancouverbc9266]

Thing is, with mysterious radio signals call out at regular time intervals, the Earth's rotation and movement about it or if it causes advancements and delays of the signal rival so it's very easy to ascertain if it actually is coming from outer space.

[@kbjerke]

Strange stuff, but very interesting. Thanks!

[@blakes8901]

How do you find the will to keep making videos with comment sections like this? I would have serious difficulty, even when factoring in the ad revenue as a motivator.

[@vgamedude12]

Guess you're just weak then. 1.61m sub and making money from this as a job. You must be really damn sheltered if you think compared to most the grueling body breaking work out there some comments make thisbharder.

[@MrLinear1]

It would seem this neutron is being interacted with by 1 times the gravitational force of its own gravitational force to the power of 2. Two objects or energy sources at the right place with one time the gravitational force each I believe have the potential to create this phenomenon. If electrons from one source closely resemble that of another source nearby and are opposing they would create a spin affect similar to an electric motor. If the alignment is not perfectly controlled as could be expected by wild space, the neutron would have a sort of erratic rotation that’s not quite perfect, but exists. It is in my quick review of this that I see similar dynamics to that of an electrical motor out of balance.

[@gptiede]

Twenty-two minutes is long enough to be the period of revolution of a system rather than a rotation. Now I am trying to imagine an energy mechanism that is asymmetric in the plane of rotation such that one object passes through a zone of interaction that causes the radio signal.

[@kenmacallister]

What if it’s a magnetar orbiting a black hole in a 22 minute orbit? That could easily create the orbital regularity and the variability as it interacts with the edge of the accretion disk. You could test this hypothesis by looking for an 11-minute Doppler shift in the signal.

[@scarletevans4474]

Can it be that because of how powerful the signal is, we don't see it interacting with accretion disc as an effect on the light spectrum, as evidence of such interaction dissipates before reaching us?

[@dopesickdog]

@@scarletevans4474 interesting, maybe that's why no X-ray waves make it through

[@chrisbuxton1958]

Excellent video. Thanks for taking so much time to explain these fascinating matters to thickos like me 😂.

[@zaphodb777]

I want it treated as PPM and or PWM, and played back much faster. As an amateur radio operator, the flipping polarities, the double and single pulses, plus the length of pulses reek of encoding. But as you know, those who want to believe, but cant, even disavow the WOW signal.

[@AlexFoster2291]

I think it is a pulsar but it is tidally locked with another large body or bodies, stabilizing it's rotation.

[@DaveLennonCopeland]

Our ignorance of the universe is greater than our total knowledge.

[@stonelaughter]

Could it not be a normal pulsar, but one which has spin around two axes at very different rates? One spin is our detected slow spin which brings the beam over us every 22 minutes; the other a higher rate spin which accounts for the different pulse lengths and inter-pulse gaps of the actual blips?

[@jetison333]

how would it spin around two axes? its only possible for a rigid body to spin around one axis.

[@tolkkeen]

It's not a Rubix cube 😂

[@jamwayofaiken-augustarockb7643]

I wanted to thank you for dispensing with the hyperbole that the other so-called space channels have I have unsubscribed from them but you still have my subscription Thank You for Your Excellence

[@LeoparditusRecords]

I heard Stellardrone music! I could pick out their music from the Light Years album any day.

[@phoenix042x7]

What about precession or a wobble to its rotational axis (like Earth's)? For example, It's actually rotating at a much higher speed, but exactly every 22 minutes, the wobble or precession tilts the pulsar's beam in our direction for exactly six minutes, during which other wobbles or even chaotic rotationally-derived variances lead to the diverse signal detections during that time... I feel like this could be modeled and hypothetically explain this without implying such a slow rotation.

[@keirfarnum6811]

The precession of the earth’s axis is very slow. It takes over 10,000 years to make a complete rotation (I don’t know the exact period though; but the time between the four stars is approximately 3600 years depending on which star). I can’t imagine that would account for it; providing I’m understanding you correctly.

[@phoenix042x7]

@@keirfarnum6811 Not talking about the Earth's precession, but that of the supposed pulsar here. Everything about that object is more extreme, so I would expect precession on something like it to not take thousands of years, but minutes at best.

[@jamespike5161]

@@phoenix042x7 Yeah your idea makes sense. Physics behaves … strangely … when numbers that big are involved.

[@randalljsilva]

What if the magnetic axis of the pulsar was very close to the spin axis, and slower-rate effects like precession are what is causing the beam to point in our direction every 22 minutes?

[@internetdeli3379]

What if we kissed at the axis ❤

[@DaellusKnights]

Is it possible that maybe it actually IS an extremely fast rotating pulsar, but - against expected odds - its magnetic poles and its axis of rotation are actually almost perfectly aligned, and it's just precessing like a gyroscope? That would account for both the period and variation of the pulses, as well as explain the amount of degradation over 35 years. The pulses would be when it precesses around to our direction, and it's longevity would be consistent with an extremely high energy pulsar. If you spin a gyroscope really fast and watch its wobble compared to its rate of spin... on the surface at least, it seems like a feasible analogy...

[@colindeer9657]

Alex, an excellent presentation with many thanks.

[@onehitpick9758]

The stable pulsar star might be in a tight orbit with another massive body. Due to nutation and/or orbital tilt, there would have to be a harmonic coincidence for the beam to hit us. That is, the beam is sweeping past us and a much faster rate, but only hits us on a multiple of its true sweep rate.

[@ArsenicDrone]

Precession and nutation together do seem on the surface like they could cause the observed measurement, especially given the irregular pattern within the 6-minute span of receipt. And it appears that precession and nutation of neutron stars is something considered plausible. It should be possible to calculate those given the whole time history. I wonder if researchers have tried (and failed?) to fit such a model to the data.

[@JafoTHEgreat]

I wish there was a way for us to truly see and know the beauty of this universe. It's amazing to be part of the universe - looking at itself. I'm thankful we get a window seat at least. What I think is amazing, is that there is a material/matter/physical surface that does this. Before it was a poofy star full of plasma with a surface tension of thick water. A big behemoth becomes the strongest little guy in the universe. And below the surface of the neutron star? A sea of gluons/strange matter? Or multi hardened layers consisting of the idea of an onion but the layers are different types of strange diamond materials? Will we ever get to peel back the layers?

[@davidwuhrer6704]

Not diamond. A neutron star is neutrons, which is much denser than any ordinary matter. And neutrons are imbalances in the quark-gluon soup.

[@jowah]

It's my speakNspell rig. I built it in 1986 and left it plugged into an outlet in the attic

[@MsHarpsychord]

My hypothesis is that based on our observations of our galaxy so far we actually are kind of unlucky. We seem to thousands of lightyears from other habitable planets. Yet many of these planets which are habitable are quite near one another. Suffice to say, if theyre together and advanced it would make sense to create a lighthouse. Perhaps a marker in space for ships if they get lost and cant find their way home. A beacon to home.

[@thalastianjorus]

Okay, _look._ What happened is really easy to understand. We were trying to update to v2.73, but the connection dropped when the update had almost finished pushing down. No one was supposed to be able to notice the new pulse speed on some of the Neutron Radio Sources, but someone recorded it before we could initiate another update session. Do not worry. You will all forget about this once the next patch is pushed. No one panic, please, and we are sorry for the minor interruption.

[@thej3799]

How many bauds is this space modem?

[@thalastianjorus]

@@thej3799 8.589^10⁴² down via the BHDL *_(Black Hole DownLink™)_* system, but sadly only 2.37^10²⁹ via the parallel WHUL *_(White Hole Up-Link™)_* connections. This is due to the fact that the WHUL connections default over to mirroring BHDL lines in order to facilitate the transfer and processing of the simulation's data. We only initiate one WHUL at a time, for extremely brief amounts of time, to push updates and patches to the simulation. I believe that your people refer to the updates as _"Phase Transitions."_ Some of us have argued that we need more WHUL bandwidth, but the answer is invariably "It has worked fine until now, and the complexity of the simulation is falling now that star formation is nearing its end. You simply need to work on compression more." Unfortunately, due to the inherent rulesets of the simulation, at times the WHUL will lose connection with one _(or more)_ of the simulation servers. This is due to the programmed RNG system _(what your people call the "Uncertainty Principle.")._ If the WHUL suffers a moment of instability it will immediately terminate the upload, revert itself to a BHDL line, and proceed to pull as much of the released patch back from the simulation via a rollback as it can. Invariably, however, this process leaves minor inconsistencies in the simulation due to the final part of the patch _(the re-writing of the player character's memory logs)_ not being completed. Usually these mistakes are extremely minor - Your people call them "Mandela Effects." Usually we can hotfix the server quickly enough that this is not noticed. Unfortunately, this time, the patch did not fail until near the end _(Just after the change that we made to a popular piece of entertainment your people enjoy - Now called Looney Tunes as opposed to Looney Toons.),_ and because of this some of the simulation is attempting to run two different sets of settings - resulting in things such as the topic of the video.

[@robinelliott-ni2eh]

How does it always hit us if we're constantly moving through space? Is it inverse square law? Would our radio waves eventually be a beam through space like this (without the intervals)?

[@TlalocTemporal]

The radio beams are pretty broad, more like a cone with an angle of 15 degrees or so. Even if the pulsar was close to us, it would still take thousands of years for our solar system to drift 7 or more degrees across the pulsar's sky. It might be more likely that the pulsar wobbles as it spins, which might move the beam's path away from us in only decades maybe? That would really depend on how it's spinning though. For example, Earth's spin wobbles slowly, changing the noryh star ever few thousand years. I have no idea if this would happen faster or slower for a plusar. Our radio emissions happen is every direction, and are really weak is comparison. Even if we put the entire world's electricity into making one radio signal, pulsars would be way more powerful.

[@SebHaarfagre]

Our radio wave signature is puny in comparison to natural events, neligible, easy to overlook, not comparable... And while we move (both our planet and the whole solar system and our galaxy) move fast, some of the signals - as I've just said - that we get are so massive and encompassing.

[@tim99291]

@@TlalocTemporal " ur radio emissions happen is every direction " nah, directional antennas exist

[@TlalocTemporal]

@@tim99291 -- And we have directional antennas everywhere. If we pointed them all in the same direction, there would be a beam of radio waves, but there's nothing about the Earth or the solar system that would collect all the differently directioned beamed signals and omni-directional signals and send them in the dame direction.

[@brianjaber3171]

I wasn’t sure how well this video was going to be but to my Supra e it was outstanding.thank you for that. I’l be looking for them know.

[@lenwenzel7440]

Messages of different lengths according to what is being communicated. Communications across interstellar distances using such bandwidths might be theoretically feasible. At least it's theoretically possible.