What are the Consequences of Inbreeding Dogs? - Canine Health Summit 2021 - Embark for Breeders

Dr. Aaron J. Sams focused his presentation on research from observing dog health issues to better understand the distribution and impact of inbreeding in dogs using the genetic coefficient of inbreeding (COI).
2021 Canine Health Summit: Patterns and Consequences of Inbreeding in Domestic Dogs
Inbreeding leaves distinct genomic traces, most notably long genomic tracts that are identical by descent and completely homozygous. These runs of homozygosity (ROH) can contribute to inbreeding depression if they contain deleterious variants that are fully or partially recessive. The aim of this study was to use owner provided phenotypes, clinical diagnoses, and lifespans to examine the relationship between inbreeding measured from ROH and the severity of inbreeding depression across tens of thousands of dogs. We find strong correlations between the amount of the genome found in ROH (coefficient of inbreeding) and reported clinical diagnoses reported across a range of health conditions, as well as a strong negative correlation between inbreeding and lifespan.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dr. Aaron Sams is a population geneticist who values using scientific research to provide beneficial technologies and services to the world. As a trained anthropologist, Dr. Sams learned to connect his scientific research to human narratives, past and present. He uses that lens to focus his efforts as a leader in Research and Development at Embark Veterinary, Inc. and believes that as humans, we owe it to dogs, our earliest animal companions, to ensure their health and well-being.
Before joining Embark in 2016, Dr. Sams received his PhD in Biological Anthropology from the University of Wisconsin - Madison, in 2012, and subsequently served as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology at Cornell University.
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[@OpposableGums]

COI for full siblings is 25%. The half siblings in your example is 12.5%. Their offspring are 6.25% ...on average. Your mileage may vary.

[@OpposableGums]

Inbreeding does not cause mutation. The good news is that bad mutations are rare. But unfortunately, most existing bad mutations are recessive and remain hidden. Inbreeding increases the odds of seeing a homozygous expression of recessive genes. That's bad for puppy mills but great news for breeders who wish to improve the health and well-being of dogs. That's because breeders with a population of dogs with a defect, in which a DNA test is not available for detection, can now detect the defect and remove it from the breeding pool. More importantly, such an outcome identifies both parents of the puppy and indicates all of its siblings can be assumed to carry the defect. In this way, the health and well-fair of future dogs is improved.

[@amandajs971]

Thank you Aaron and all of you wonderful people at Embark for all you do for us and this incredible canine species.

[@JohannDetilleux]

thanks. Great show

[@CrownedImperialPocketBullies]

One of my favorite channels on KZbin. Thank you Embark

[@rafiuddinshoeb1662]

What is dangerous level of inbreeding coefficient ?

[@VonGontaHaus]

over 12.5%, the COI for half siblings, or grand-parent to grand-daughter. At 25%, the COI is the number for full siblings, which is the highest risk you can do. These are high numbers and unsafe. A first cousin mating, or a 3-3 mating is a common grandparent and has a value of 6.25%. A 4-4 mating is a second cousin mating and is 3.25%. So anything below 6.25% is safe. (Keep in mind these are pedigree based numbers. The numbers measured by Embark is the actual value, not the mathematical PREDICTED value. Please understand the difference between pedigree based numbers and DNA measured numbers. in the case of Embark values, they can be between 20% to 40% in some breeds. Using Embark, anything below 20% (depending on the breed involved.) some newer breeds like XXL-Bullies will be higher.

[@loriwilke4002]

The coefficient of inbreeding for dogs is not a measure of health. It is a measure of risk of inherited matching copies of a gene. Homozygosity is not inherently bad. It is not how MUCH homozygosity that matters...it is WHICH genes are homozygous. COI does not tell us that. Again, it measures the risk of inheriting matching copies of a gene.

[@jaredleicht1656]

Your definition of inbreeding is incorrect. You are always breeding two related individuals if you are breeding pure bred animals. Also, offspring are not split 50/50 between the parents.