What Happened To Britain's Last Hunter-Gatherers? Prehistoric Europe Documentary

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[@HistoryTime]

Phew this was a struggle to upload. I felt the pain of ancient farmers planting their crops only to see them fail when I saw this repeatedly fail to upload. Feels good to be finally there! Don't forget to like, subscribe and let me know what you'd like to see covered next in the comments! People based in the UK- What are your favourite stone circles/ancient monuments? I'm putting a list together for my upcoming 'Age of the Stone Circles' Doc. It'll be my most ambitious yet. Thanks for watching! Oh and here is my new channel where I visit historical sites:- It's sort of a behind the scenes of History Time as well. kzbin.info/door/Mq-bTjlaTZhaohEracnN6w Watch my latest full length history documentary:- kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWSrommLlquEp80

[@jameswagstaff7180]

More on Carnac please!

[@BRIANJAMESGIBB]

Ta for this, really enjoyed it

[@tylerb9877]

Historical records begin in the 3rd millenium BC. Any "history" before that is pseudo-history. And there is no evidence that the Earth is more than about 6,000 years old. The Biblical date of creation can be traced to about 4300 BC.

[@Dad-Gad]

My favourite ancient monument is Christopher Biggins .

[@Dad-Gad]

@@tylerb9877 Lol you silly goose !

[@kupus6622]

Wow , please indulge me, when I was a youngling I told my teacher I wanted to be a archeologist. He told me not to be stupid as kids like me don't go to university and anyway there weren't any jobs in it. History is a dead subject. Who I think I was India Jones? That got a laugh. I never did go to university , I'm a manual worker. I shovel shit for a living. However iv always consumed history , every aspect of it. Your self made videos have inspired me. Your clear love of the subject has produced a masterpiece of historical emersion. With your work I can study, to a level I didn't think possible and it's pure joy to put a few of your vids on whilst I'm doing my daily. Funny thing I keep seein archeologist jobs on offer. Thank you for uploading

[@anniesearle6181]

It's pretty easy for a member of the public to volunteer on archaeological sites, even at the weekends www.archaeology.co.uk/digs this site has a lot of info on it

[@tobyehillier]

What a useless Teacher... Go study Archaeology, Ben. You'll find places to learn online if you can't afford a course, and if you're really into it, you'll get some volunteer work on a dig somewhere... it'll be mostly be boring, back-aching work but things lead to better things if you've a passion for it. Get a metal detector even.... There's always stuff to be found and if you do it properly then you're part of a big team of people uncovering history one step at a time! Don't let people tell you what you can't do based on their own perceptions of life.

[@kupus6622]

@@tobyehillier thank you for taking time to read and reply. You know what I'm gonna take your advice and am contacting a few digs to offer my spade. I'm quite good at graft I'm told. Also iv been a metal detectorist for a few years , it seen my destiny is linked with spades. Keeps me fit. Have a happy and positive day.

[@kupus6622]

@@anniesearle6181 thank you for link. Clicking now. Wishing you a good day

[@tobyehillier]

@@kupus6622 if you can dig a hole you're set for life!

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks for the shout out! I wish my videos were as atmospheric as yours. You really paint a picture in our minds!

[@davidegaribaldi1503]

It's nice to see creators follow their "colleagues". Love your channel by the way!

[@skipinkoreaable]

What a nice surprise to see you here.

[@AutomaticBadger]

Love your channel Stephan

[@nostracrystaal2156]

@@AutomaticBadger I want to love his channel too. How do I find it?

[@nuao88]

@@nostracrystaal2156 Just click on his profile picture, will take you to his channel. He's really great

[@Ruby-ep8oc]

Kudos to that lobster for discovering flint tools on the sea bed .

[@Ruby-ep8oc]

😂

[@porkypig2971]

What?? How afar into the video?? 😦😦😦

[@daemonxblaze]

The Lorb provides

[@LordKalte]

@@porkypig2971 Around 27 minutes

[@LordKalte]

The lobsters are taking over!

[@sethfeldman8674]

Just a couple of notes: The Palaeolithic hunter/gather culture in Western France had been going on for 30,000 years before there was any hint of a transition to an agricultural society. That is approximately five times longer than the span of years between the beginnings of Egyptian culture and today. These were people who produced elaborate and quite beautiful cave art. Moreover, in some places the caves were in clusters of a couple of dozen sites. All of this is to say, that these people were not just advanced animals hunting other animals. They had art, they had population centres and they probably had some sort of trade going on as there are approximately 350 painted caves from Portugal to the Urals. Finally, we might want to wonder if the people who built complex stone structures were in some way inspired by a very long heritage of cave living.

[@enolwlfe]

Giants placed those stone structures there before the hunter gatherers, gvt suppressed that knowledge from us since birth. I'm just passing on what I was told by a family member in gvt who knows secrets were not supposed too know.

[@SonOfTheDawn515]

@@enolwlfe lol!!!!

[@johnagar7610]

No longer since the neanderthals

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@enolwlfe you mean you're just showing a) you're gullible, and b) you're nearly illiterate. 😄

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

We are still just animals eating other animals, though. We are, even those who chose to be vegan, still animals.

[@dhindaravrel8712]

If I got to choose between shorter ones and your full, feature-length documentaries which are better than most of those with big budgets behind them, my vote is keep doing this. It's easily my most favourite youtube channel you've built here.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks! Yep HT will remain full length docs. I’ve started doing shorter ones again but they are on a different channel.

[@dhindaravrel8712]

@@HistoryTime I shall subscribe there as well :)

[@mogyesz9]

I disagree, the old ones were much more compact and to the point. These feture lenght videos are really bloated, but I guess this is the fate of all youtube documentary channels once they get rolling.

[@dhindaravrel8712]

@@mogyesz9 There are plenty of channels with shorter videos for those with short attention spans who don't want to get in-depth with a topic, though.

[@mogyesz9]

@@dhindaravrel8712 what a shit meme answer

[@HS-su3cf]

Most important consequence of agriculture: A steady supply of beer.

[@onlineenglish7065]

H S the count of all civilisation hic

[@billmiller4972]

Beer was likely not a consequence of agriculture, bur agriculture was a consequence of beer-production: www.cbsnews.com/news/archeologists-link-rise-of-civilization-and-beers-invention/

[@Frog154]

@@billmiller4972 It actually makes sense that the entirety of civilisation was built upon alcohol, you'd have to be drunk to think this was all a good idea :3

[@billmiller4972]

@@Frog154 "Reality is an illusion caused by a lack of alcohol" (A. Bierce)

[@freefall9832]

No joke, once beer was discovered it's production became a prime motivation for agriculture

[@Turkish_Model__1]

Real Uncorrupted European History : Haplogroup R1b,R1a (Indigenous Europeans)(Basques, Gaels, Poles) Haplogroup I (Neolithic Indo European wave from Anatolia.Stone monuments, Polytheism, Pottery,Longhouses, Axes,Sailing ships)(Bosnians,Scandinavians,Sardinians) Haplogroup J2b (Bronze Age Indo European wave. Ancient Greece, Rome. Writing, Metallurgy) (Modern Cretans) And some lesser sporadic influxes of Haplogroup E (North Africa) and Haplogroup G (Western Caucasus) Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin.. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were avid seafarers.. "Scythe" "Plough" "Wheat" "Bread" "Milk" "Cattle" "Goat" "Sheep" "Swine" "Wine" "Beer" "Mead" "Wool" "Hull" "Rudder" "Sail" "Axe" Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...It also suggests they journeyed by sea..

[@Argrouk]

Another very well produced video, great job. People always forget the gathering side of hunter gatherer, from which it is a very short step to farming. The nuts, berries, seeds and plants, and mushrooms etc, it's a short leap from finding them to cultivating them, much easier than selectively breeding grass into wheat over generations. Look at the wide variety of fruits and vegetables that exist, from apples to turnips, carrots to cucumber, and then rethink waiting for the wheat foreigners to come and show us how to live. The other thing people forget is that you can't just show up and be a farmer, you have to survive for best case months, worst case years before you get a decent crop, so you are going to need something to eat in the mean time. This completely ignores fishing and shellfish of course, which would be used by both hunters and farmers, so what you end up with is a chowder of all sorts of people doing all sorts of things at the same time in the same place, not some dramatic shift.

[@robinlillian9471]

You preserve last year's crops to live on until the next harvest by drying, salting, smoking, and/or pickling. You can also dig a hole in the ground for colder storage facilities. All of those technologies were available for uncounted milennia. Only canning is a relatively new technology. However, even to this day, farmers supplement their food supplies with wild food that is gathered or hunted. Hunting and gathering are a lot less work, so it only makes sense to farm/keep animals if you don't have enough to feed your population, otherwise.

[@Argrouk]

@@robinlillian9471 Lets face it. Most people don't eat raw wheat. Any assumptions based on that sort of crop farming that requires further processing is going to be thousands of years after the farming of plant to mouth crops. Strawberries to Carrots, anything you can pick and eat is going to be the first thing to domesticate, but is going to be harder to find evidence for.

[@bushwhackerinc.4668]

Exactly, we still hunt to supplement for crop shortages.

[@MaternalUnit]

I'm so impressed that you'll created your own, full-length history documentary! You don't have all the filler scenes that BBC uses, either. Very interesting material not covered elsewhere. I look forward to watching more of your original shows.

[@MtnTow]

Didnt realise this is an indy production until i scrolled through the comments. Very well done!

[@ajantsmith6139]

It's almost too good to he true. Who's to say he's not being bankrolled by some agenda orchestrated by history revisionists? I say we came from an egg that fell from the moon, this is known. All this talk of ancients is some mumbo jumbo we came from an egg in that landed in the Euphrates!!! Wake up!!! You came from an egg!!!

[@RRC6490]

@@ajantsmith6139 wut

[@ajantsmith6139]

@@RRC6490 you came from an egg that fell from the moon, the egg landed in the Euphrates river. That's where humanity comes from

[@anything6398]

@@ajantsmith6139 was the monkey???? I've seen that idea before Chinese fokelore I prefer the lady and the rabbit idea more though. Thanks for your POV.

[@WR3ND]

The comments are a mob production.

[@connarcomstock161]

"This is an hour long, deep dive, into ancient, pre-historic, Europe" This is why I come here.

[@vintagetintrader1062]

When at school in Australia, ancient history was concentrated between Roman times to about 1600 mostly English based History, also 1770 to 1788 (Captain Cook to First Fleet Australian History) Really not much else. I now find the much earlier times as the true foundation of modern society (hunter gatherer to farming based society)much more important.

[@sainters7]

Yeah this is me too. Growing up in Canada, I used to find learning about the 1800s - our city roots out West - as so old and interesting. But as I've gotten older and much more interested in medieval, ancient, and pre-historic & anthropological roots, going back to the 18th and 19th centuries just seem so recent and somewhat boring in comparison. I find I really enjoy learning about different cultures, as opposed to just the (comparatively speaking) recent history of my own culture.

[@20ZZ20]

agreed, i believe that it is because we know so little about it though as there was no recorded texts etc

[@-----REDACTED-----]

Well, the lithic eras are not ancient history but prehistory so...

[@stevenschnepp576]

And then America, which is pretty much focused on the Colonial period onward, with an undue emphasis on the 1940s.

[@udozocklein6023]

@@stevenschnepp576 meanwhile in my country we waste 6 years of history on the 2nd World War.

[@freeair9460]

I love the cave of dreams there. 34,000 years old. Painted in 3d so the flicker of a torch made it look like animals were running

[@munxgrosgeant2324]

Love your long documentaries and the quiet narration. Thank you so much for the hard work. neolithic and vikings are among my favorites!

[@DoinItforNewCommTech]

When I was in 8th grade, in 1999, my Social Studies class learned about the Paleo/Meso/Neolithic eras. Not ONCE did my teacher say, "hey kids, check out this cool Mesolithic boat-building site they just discovered at Bouldnor Cliff! 2000 years before the Neolithic Revolution!" I feel really cheated.

[@1StewartSarah]

Your efforts are so appreciated. I really enjoy these videos daily. Thank you!

[@antoninbesse795]

This is great, one of KZbin’s golden nuggets. Well paced, watchable and gives the impression of being well researched and factually correct (so rare these days). Thank you! One thought that came to mind when watching this was how much trade and migration - especially the small genetically distinct coastal settlements here and there - depended on Stone Age ocean going ships. A video about Neolithic maritime technology would be fantastic.

[@jorritt1]

Also to note, Doggerland flooded in around 8000 BC which would have been catastrophic to the early peoples of the region and their trade routes. Suddenly they had to sail.

[@jorritt1]

Fantastic journey through our history, thank you. I watched an earlier program of yours on “Doggerland” which was utterly riveting. Based on the flood myths in around every culture on the planet, is it possible that our Mesolithic ancestors were all but wiped out during this apocalypse around 8000bce, and our Neolithic (and a handful of Mesolithic Hunter gatherers) were the survivors that were forced to migrate?

[@gronizherz3603]

0:36 it just feels so wrong seeing that map without Doggerland now :(

[@johnnyoverpour]

I miss doggerland :(

[@DigitalBard1]

@@johnnyoverpour if your from the UK, there is a strong chance you have DoggerLand DNA in you. See it that way.

[@-----REDACTED-----]

Curious thing: what we find tells us Hunter-gatherers were overall healthier and taller than the agriculturalists. Also Hunter-gatherers were pursuing their subsistence with a diversified risk strategy: largely low-risk low-reward, if a hunt failed this week next week you might get luckier. Agriculturalists on the other hand bundled their risk into a high-risk high-reward system where when the crop failed you were likely fucked. And yet this gambling in the end so far seems to have paid off.

[@OrangeNash]

Yep. Early agriculturists worked a lot harder, too. Agriculture was not an obvious quality of life improvement at all. He said that it allows a larger population. It's bigger than this. It's that agriculture *demands* a larger population as well as land expansion. Where hunter/gathering requires population restraint. It's nothing to with "idyllic" lifestyles - life was never idyllic for all people. However, that lifestyle endured for hundreds of thousands of years. How long will ours last? Whatever crises hits humans here, I'd bet its some remote living people who can live off their surroundings who will survive.

[@zeeanemone6482]

paid off in the contest of conquest over things that sustain our health

[@casteretpollux]

Most hunter gatherers time was spent gathering. Nuts and shell fish and fruit. Eggs too. Also foraged greens and roots. Nobody ever discusses trapping but even neanderthals could make string. Hunting is mostly seasonal and involves taking out the weakest animals. No point in killing a lot of large mammals unless you had ice or salt. What agriculture and pottery did was make it possible to store grain so that a bad harvest could be survived. The earliest known writing, in the Middle East, was to keep track of grain stores. And you could capture slaves to farm your land. Slavery would not work in the hunter gatherer world.

[@hawklord100]

Agriculture almost demands technology to be long term success, from storage and transportation to understanding the weather and improving seed types all lead to modern civilisation

[@gratefulkm]

The only reason you need to farm, Is to feed the slaves, so you force the slaves to farm , and build walls to keep them in

[@prepperjonpnw6482]

I love the longer more in-depth videos as does everyone I know. Family and friends all agree these longer ones are terrific. For this video my friends and family gathered at my home so we could all watch it on the big screen tv together. Afterward we discussed the content at length while sitting in front of the fireplace. We’ve decided to do this again for another of your longer videos. I believe we are creating our own style of gathering lol. Of course we also watch on our individual devices as well as on the big screen lol so we don’t mess up your view count lol. We don’t watch on our devices WHILE we are watching on the tv lol. Please do more on the U.K. I’ve been using them to teach my son about the U.K. since his father and all his ancestors are from there. Cheers mate

[@philswede]

Longer historical videos like this plz. Awesome!

[@selfinihalation]

They became the Basques

[@CoryRoo33]

I enjoy these videos so much, and I want you to know how much I appreciate the amount of work that you must put in to each one. Thank you!

[@dilksjoel]

Pity he doesn’t work harder just kidding

[@raffaz66]

Many years ago I read Stan Beckensall's Prehistoric Northumberland. He's an amateur archaeologist recognized by professionals for his work on cup and ring marked stones. He stresses meaning in the physical landscape. Physical features such as waterfalls, and rock formations acted as signposts / place markers for wandering hunters, but they also had spiritual or sacred significance. People would add to these sacred places with rock art, henge posts, and burial sites. I'd always walked in Northumberland, but Stan's work connected me to the past. It was poetic and almost paganistic. I realized that the places where I'd sit down, and get the flask out, were the same places where Mesolithic people would have stopped. I've just found History Time, and I feel inspired by and connected to the past again. I can't wait to watch the Old North one next. Three and a half hours and 15 million views. One man putting the dumbed down agenda driven BBC to shame. 'Men went to Catreath at the dawn...'

[@iamtroll8334]

I just want to say thank you for all the time and effort you put into your videos to teach true history to all your viewer's I truly appreciate it! #ILoveHistory

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching!

[@iamtroll8334]

@@HistoryTime Always!! 👍👍

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@iamtroll8334 a troll that's a history buff - novel idea. 😄

[@iamtroll8334]

@@MaryAnnNytowl you have no idea Loved history since I was in the 5th grade I'm 40 now I study all the time. History alot of times will tell you the future of a country's outcome as history repeats its self.

[@prepperjonpnw6482]

I absolutely love these longer format videos. They are incredibly well done and an immense joy to watch. Your narration is spot on and you don’t overwhelm with music which is rarely necessary anyway. Please make more of these longer videos, maybe go back and choose some of your 5-10 minute videos and re-do them into a longer version. That would be awesome. Thank you for what you are doing I will be contributing financially to your channel as well as continuing to share them with everyone I can. Cheers mate

[@MadTracker]

Your docs are always fantastic! Thanks for all the work you put into them.

[@elanabloom1071]

Your videos are absolutely perfect to listen to while making art. The narration is some of the best that I've heard and really takes the listener into the heart of the historical moment being told. Thank you for all your hard work.

[@elihobson7956]

Pete, between your recent hike on the hill fort, the wonderful account of the Portuguese/Japanese over at VOTP, and now this, I'm feeling particularly spoiled. I've already got Curiosity Stream and Magellan thanks to you, so I'm headed over to your Patreon. Cheers!

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for the support! Appreciate it. It has indeed been a busy weekend for us!

[@neekBG3]

what a time to be alive! This is free on the internet for all to watch, no catches. God I love humans.

[@Pipsqwak]

Great video with one caveat: The local teacher who was touted as being a "direct descendant" of Cheddar Man was, in fact, not the closest DNA match to the Mesolithic remains. Two schoolchildren were an exact mtDNA match, but since they were minors, it was decided not to expose them to the media attention. Also, these tests were done on mitochondrial DNA, which is passed only through the female line, so the male teacher could not have been a direct descendant. Cheddar Man's mtDNA haplogroup was U5, which is common throughout Europe, and was common in several Neolithic waves of British settlement, as well as another influx during the Copper Age. So, the whole sensationalist story of the teacher's family living in the area for 9,000 years is complete media bollocks. I'm sure geneticists everywhere wish this story would stop making the rounds. I was sorry to see this promoted in this video.

[@Skeptique]

I just received my mtDNA results and am curious what you mean by the 2 children being an exact match. Does this mean there were no mutations at all between them in 9000 years? My testing company is touting my haplogroup of U5b1c2b being the same as Cheddar Man's but I understand he was U5b1 and they would have branched off thousands of years ago. I have an exact match whose maternal line is from Cornwall and a genetic distance 1 match also from the same small fishing village in Cornwall. I am assuming my maternal line was also in Cornwall at some point. Not too far from Somerset, but surely a coincidence. From what I have heard (and based on more distant matches), the subclade origins were likely Sweden/Denmark.

[@Pipsqwak]

@@Skeptique Mitochondrial DNA is passed only from mother to child, and only females can pass it on, so the only thing that belonging to Cheddar Man's mitochondrial haplogroup means is that you shared a common ancestor at some far distant point, not that you (or anyone with the same U5 haplogroup) are a direct descendant. It's more like being very distant maternal cousins. The two minor children's mTDNA was a closer match (i.e., all the subclades were closer to the Cheddar Man's mTDNA). For instance, if Cheddar Man was U5b1c1, and these kids were U5b1c1b, they'd be more closely related than someone who was U5b1c2b2. They'd share a more direct maternal lineage than someone who was just U5 with other subclades. Also, mtDNA is just a small part of one's heritage. Autosomal DNA is the larger part. If you are male, you also have yDNA from your father's father and so on back down the male line. As far as I know, Cheddar Man's yDNA clade has not been determined, but even if it had, it is likely shared by millions of Europeans and means little in terms of individual relationship.

[@Skeptique]

@@Pipsqwak Okay so you meant that Cheddar Man and the children were a closer match than the man they claimed was his descendant. Not a literal exact match? My understanding is that an exact match is genetic distance 0 and not just the same/close subclade. I am trying to use autosomal matches to prove that my maternal line was in fact in Cornwall recently. It's a tricky business!

[@Pipsqwak]

@@Skeptique All that belonging to the same mtDNA haplogroup/subclade means is that you share distant maternal ancestors. The kids who shared Cheddar Man's mtDNA haplogroup would not have inherited that from Cheddar Man, but possibly from his grandmother, mother, aunts or sisters - or any of the many many tens of thousands or millions of female branches of that tree that have come and gone since. They would be incredibly distant cousins at most, not direct descendants. Same with the yDNA clades - they're your paternal ancestors; ancestors that you share with millions of others. Neither means that any one person is a direct descendant of whatever fossil has been genotyped. Genotyping is fascinating business though, and I wish you luck in your efforts!

[@brainretardant]

Was there ever any undisclosed mtdna done on Kennewick man?

[@pc2753]

I'm loving this, you've done such a good job here. Very grateful for your work.

[@jackielou68]

Thank you for another excellently written and informative video Pete! I always look forward to your videos. Keep up the great work! :)

[@draganjagodic4056]

Pete, You are performing work of art and production miracle. Above all, Your work is scientifically sound, excellent researched and educative. Thank You for this wonderful work.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching! So much more on the way

[@draganjagodic4056]

@@HistoryTime Sincere regards Pete

[@eifionjones559]

@@HistoryTime hope it is more accurate and less simplistic

[@skipinkoreaable]

@@HistoryTime I hope so. This channel is awesome.

[@miscleaf]

Well done as always! Your videos have been a great source of content throughout the pandemic. Now that things are opening up, we should organize a tour to see them in person!

[@dironahlquist8159]

This is just an incredibly well-done documentary. Thank you so much!

[@calebradell2511]

This is a beautifully done Documentary, thank you Sir for making it!

[@werdw4849]

Thank you for the GREAT WORK! You do a great job and review different sites and data from each location/region with Europen and the movement from the Futile Crescent to Europe.

[@mike-ovaca5386]

This was beautifully made. Thank you for all the hard work that you put into this.

[@stargatis]

Yay i love these long ones! This perspective keeps me interested, but it’s also wonderfully relaxing 😌

[@DanCooper404]

My gods, what an amazing video! You've outdone yourself! This is far and away better than ANYTHING available on cable tv. Simply fantastic.

[@Mirrorgirl492]

Outstanding presentation. I had never considered this clash of cultures; you have taken me on a fascinating and visually stunning journey of discovery. Bravo.

[@wendyarmstrong823]

Peter, you're doing such a marvelous job! Truly professional tier work. I'm so happy I found your channel a little more than two months ago, since I too am a "lover" of history since i was 8 yrs old. I binge watch your videos on the weekends. I am so impressed with your excellent research. Your voice is perfect for narration, and overall your work is top level. Do you need volunteers to help you with projects, research, anything?😊 Thank you for all your work!

[@TheLacedaemonian300]

I put together a playlist of my favorite videos of yours, and I fall asleep to them at night. This one is definitely going on the list. Thanks for the work you do.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for the support., Glad you like the videos

[@charlottemonger9799]

Same. Same, once in a while I will look for more history videos by other original creators, but none have matched up to the finesse of these. for sure.

[@sumnerwaite6390]

This episode expands on my fascination on how civilization came to be. Excellent work!!!

[@anndriggers6660]

I love all of your videos! You do such an excellent job on the narration and graphics, not to mention that you seem to be an expert in historical fact. I really appreciate that. I've always loved history but I think there are a lot of people who maybe are not too interested until they run across something like this channel. I would venture to say that you've somehow managed to make history interesting! Keep up the good work!

[@NefariousKoel]

Farming and hunting aren't mutually exclusive. Even today, many farmers, here, hunt to supplement their food supply. I expect it was the same back then, even though there have been much more recent periods of more advanced civilization in which wealthy rulers claimed such activities as their own. In the stone age, all the extra time spent waiting for crops to grow likely wasn't only spent doing crafts. Hunting would've still been essential for farmers.

[@PerJustert]

Although we are still hunting wild animals and gathering mushrooms and berries for our dining table, the concept of hunters-gatherers is probably meant to describe a nomadic people who did not cultivate the fields.

[@GilgameshEthics]

​@@PerJustert I believe by the time of Carnac the people were at least semi settled. Maybe with small pockets of nomadic people on the outskirts of their settlements. There is just no way to get the resources needed for such large earth / stone works.

[@PerJustert]

​@@GilgameshEthics Before I venture into deep water, I would like to point out that I am far from skilled in human development. I can only claim to have a little above average interest in history and anthropology, but as I understand it, the Neolithic revolution was the first agricultural revolution and is the term for the gradual transition from a nomadic society of hunters and gatherers in the Stone Age to a society of agriculture and permanent settlement. Here in Norway where I come from, evidence has been found that the nomadic hunter-gatherer had permanent settlements for spring, summer and autumn seasons, where they hunted and fished while waiting for mushrooms and berries to mature. But as far as I know, they rarely wintered in the same place but went south to more temperate regions when it came to winter. It was not until they cultivated the landscape that the need for permanent settlement came. Now, of course, there is a great difference between the geographical conditions of the golden crescent where the Neolithic revolution started, and up here in the north. Up here, the first major domestication of the animal kingdom was carried out by nomadic hunter-gatherers, and apart from the taming of wolves used for hunting and guarding, the "taming" of the reindeer herds was probably a result of several nomadic tribes cooperating to herd the reindeer to pick out the weak and damaged animals and care for the right breeding individuals of the nomadic deer. Our indigenous Sami people still carry on the same nomadic domestication culture. Remains of monumental ritual buildings have been found in Göbekli Tepe, Turkey, but no residences or traces of domestication. In other words, the nomadic man had the ability to both build large permanent constructions and to collaborate with more than the individuals in his own tribe to perform such tasks. One could thereby take into account the common need of several nomadic tribes for mythological rituals, such as burials or worship of celestial gods and underground beings that mattered to everyone.

[@mikesands4681]

Fishermen and crofters for example.

[@alexae1367]

@@PerJustert so fascinating! - your last comment

[@lowekal]

Man, 👌 still Killin it! Ur unique combination of content, editing, maps/charts/graphs etc. of course ur voice is Awesome! Hands-down the best YT history channel! Appreciate all ur hard work and dedication👏!

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for watching ! Appreciate the support

[@aaronjaben7913]

@Jed Clampett Trump is a criminal who should be in prison. LOCK HIM UP! LOCK HIM UP! LOCK HIM UP!

[@Frankowillo]

Short answer, Trump is a piece of shit! A bullet to his brain is too merciful for the likes of him.

[@tonyalanmarchant7330]

@@aaronjaben7913 seriously prison!!! Bush n blair maybe?

[@tonyalanmarchant7330]

@@Frankowillo you sound like a nice piece of work

[@Moonewitch]

I absolutely adore your work and your channel. Thank you for all that you do. 🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻

[@mainHERO88]

Your videos are amazing. The information is fascinating and the quality of the videos is better than anything I can find on mainstream tv history docs. Great work!

[@mainHERO88]

@@alfredthickcock Thanks. Check out Jordan Buckley's art. He's the one that made it.

[@greeny202ab]

Yes! History Time.... One of the highlights of my week when I get a notification.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks for the support! plenty more on the way :)

[@mu99ins]

Information cushioned with fluff, and eerie sounds. How long would the presentation be if they didn't fluff it up?

[@zachariaszut]

I found your channels today. You have something going on here. Impressive. Subscribed to all of them.

[@duneydan7993]

I never saw a documentary of that quality on KZbin! I learned a lot and it was so great to watch! I subscribe straight away!

[@Nyctophora]

Thank you, excellent work with fantastic production values as always!

[@kanesmith8271]

They walked into a pub and never left

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

Hunting in a forested area, trees and shrubs afford hiding from prey. I can see how slash and burn agriculture would drive hunter gatherers to give up. It would also drive species into extinction that relied on forest for survival. It wouldn't require extensive warfare to push the earlier culture into extinction.

[@robinlillian9471]

Farmers wouldn't burn all of the forest on purpose. It was useful even to them for wood and other resources. Farmers still go out into the countryside to pick berries, hunt wild animals, etc. No one gave up. They just do both as makes sense.

[@SECRETORDEROFTHEKNIGHTSTEMPLAR]

That's human kind for you..

[@gadge83]

fantastic, really enjoyed it and look forward to seeing more. nice storytelling, thanks

[@Lilasun]

This is awesome. Thank you for making it.

[@NikoAbston]

these are our ancestors. almost all of us. like looking at family photos. thanks for this! you make such epic documentaries :)

[@ryanconnelly7782]

Bonkers that this is available for free. Keep up the great work

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

Excellent production - indistinguishable from any big studio and your narration - sublime.

[@barbaralucas1220]

Love your videos so much Pete, I have a passion for history. Having inherited it from my Dad. Love your channel keep the videos coming 😊

[@MrGuyJacks]

Just gotta say that the farmers who settled in Europe came from Western Anatolia and the Aegean basin, and were genetically distinct from the farmers of the Fertile crescent. So this was an extremely gradual expansion across populations rather than one big migration

[@tylerb9877]

Historical records begin in the 3rd millenium BC. Any "history" before that is pseudo-history. And there is no evidence that the Earth is more than about 6,000 years old. The Biblical date of creation can be traced to about 4300 BC.

[@theMRsome12]

@@tylerb9877 ever heard of something called radioactivity? Because yeah. There's plenty of evidence. I've got some 12 million year old shells here next to me. Next to that. That 6000 you mention, you do realise that's the probable age of when genesis was written right? According to you, there were humans writing down what god was going to do in about 1000 years. And yes several, since the version we have now is a composition of the stories by multiple people. So yeah. According to you. Genesis is pseudo-history. Congratulations. You just disproved the bible with your unexplained and unsupported argument.

[@tylerb9877]

@theMRsome12 Scientific dating methods are inaccurate because they rely on too many assumptions. They rely on the assumption that the rate of decay for minerals has always remained the same, on the assumption that the amount of minerals in the atmosphere has always remained the same, and on the assumption that these minerals have not been contaminated.

[@draganjagodic4056]

@@tylerb9877 So, you are insulting God, claiming that he was not capable of creating a planet and life on it, that would be older than 6000 years? Well, I personally believe that God is far more productive.

[@MrGuyJacks]

@@tylerb9877 With that line of reasoning your belief is based on the assumption that everything written in the bible is absolutely true

[@anjkovo2138]

It must of been heartbreaking for the last tribes of hunter gatherers to see the forests cut down to make way for the new farming methods

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

. . .and it's still happening in S. America and renewed in Indonesia to plant palm trees for the production of palm oil. Protests fall on deaf ears. Some protestors have been killed, shot by soldiers - trying to block deforestation.

[@undefinednull5749]

Burned down rather. But yes.

[@nataliesynnott5590]

I love your videos have been wanting ancient history docos that are actually enjoyable to watch for so long!! bless u

[@brianhildreth9099]

Hooked on ancient history. Been listening to a lot of your videos at night. I'm not one to fall asleep easy. Takes me a long time and I love your channel. Brilliant voice, fabulous delivery and I'm hooked every time.. Keep it up and thank you!!! Oh, and the longer the video, the better. Thanks again.

[@iamtheyorkiemom]

This was really exceptionally good - thank you so much! I'm sharing it with a group I'm in on Facebook where we discuss things like the split from our connection with nature... which you cover beautifully here! PS - I do also watch Stephan Milo's work but I find that he has a very conservative and unimaginative approach whereas you seem to have a more open mind and better ability to apply and communicate the results of your critical thinking. No comparison!

[@harrietharlow6766]

Fascinating to see how our distant, distant ancestors lived and how dependent on nature they truly were.

[@brianferris1233]

thank you for posting you stay safe out there 🙏

[@danilodesnica3821]

Interesting, instructive and very enjoyable! Thank you.

[@jaredprince4772]

It seems common to assume that burial preparation implies belief in an afterlife. I think it implies something different. Perhaps it implies sadness for the loss of one's companion or appreciation for the joy, comfort or security the deceased had provided while living. Those things could spark the desire to anoint the dead with or without belief in an afterlife.

[@swagcandy2576]

That is true, and considering hunter gatherers had to have close relationships and rely on each other in order to survive, it makes sense that they would have paid their respects in that manner

[@psylocibin9359]

Take dmt. There is a place before and afther ‘life’🙏

[@jaredprince4772]

@@psylocibin9359 A psychedelic trip from N,N-Dimethyltryptamine is not evidence of anything supernatural. It's evidence of hallucinations resulting from the use of mind altering chemicals. It requires circular reasoning to conclude that it creates a portal to "a place before and afther [sic] ‘life’."

[@the_rover1]

I believe they didn't want to dig holes. that's exhausting. and consumes worthy land (I guess wasn't some sort of a reason as nomadic life style anyways). much better by just chopping some nearby trees, put the body on top of a tad wooden logs and set the whole arrangement on fire. additional bonus of warmth during winter season. 😆

[@riks081]

@@psylocibin9359 you seem like a bright spark, don't you? The comment "Brittain (sic) flooded, that's what happened". Your definitive answer to the title of the video pretty much says it all. Perhaps lay off the drugs? They don't seem to be doing you any favours.

[@dukeon]

Nice! Great production, mate. Love your channel, everything is well researched and presented in an enthusiastic, intelligent way that reminds me why I love good documentaries so much. In a world of substance-free History, Smithsonian, even Nova, Nature, and many BBC productions these days, it’s independent creators who are bringing the fun and the un-dumbed down facts back to a genre that hasn’t been great in 20 years. I remember big budget, high concept educational TV from the 70s and 80s, and some good cable stuff in the 90s. Then a bunch of corporations bought everything that was interesting and drained the life from it, and we’ve had a long stretch of Duck Dynasty and Ghost Hunters and Ice Truckers and about 200 other shows you couldn’t pay me to watch. Nature and science and history is either dumbed down to the point of insult, or it’s relegated to some special pay channel. Aren’t people interested in learning about the past anymore? Well I sure am, and I know there are a lot of us judging by the comments on videos like this, so all I can say is thanks and keep it up! I’ve been subscribed to you since I watched your first video, and watched just about all your videos (I’ll have to check). And they’re always interesting.

[@AmericanWoman1964]

Love this! Thanks for uploading. And no... I would rather see you make LONGER docs!

[@tedleyedwards]

Imagery, music and editing 1000 times better. Very interesting dude well done 👍

[@vercingetorixsonofavernia6598]

Last time I was this early Britain still had hunter gatherers. Okay so, 4 months in, apologies for the shitty joke. Looking back that sucked.

[@slappy8941]

Holy fuck, what a cool and edgy meme! So fresh! So original!

[@plciferpffer3048]

@@slappy8941 Originality is rare in these modern times.

[@gcanaday1]

@@plciferpffer3048 There is nothing new under the sun. (What is this, 4000 years old?)

[@plciferpffer3048]

@@gcanaday1 At least we have diversety , 200 + genders, clima change, and whatnot.

[@ian_b]

@@slappy8941 The last time I was this early this wasn't a meme.

[@RBYU001]

This is the best history channel on YT! Keep up the good work!!

[@HistoryTime]

Wow thanks Randy. Really glad you like the show

[@NoahsArk999]

Amazing documentary, so much information it keeps my mind engaged, and i get to learn about our roots. Love the music in this one, too.

[@Journeyman107]

Great soundtrack choices and use of nature footage, very atmospheric cool and haunting

[@eardwulf785]

I'm relatively discovering this channel and I found the uploads so impressive that I can't help comparing the title pages against the descriptions and checking in the comment sections to make sure I'm not watching a BBC or Amazon production. I can't say enough how incredibly well this content is made and presented and it wasn't too much of a surprise to hear that Peter Kelly is the brother of the guy who is the Voice of Voices Of The Past.

[@jackhakken]

This channel just gets better and better, going from a slideshow of images to interesting and all original pieces of professional footage with great narration.

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks Jack. I appreciate that. It's been a wild three years for sure

[@jackhakken]

@@HistoryTime It sure has been pete.

[@kobebarka8633]

Thank you for the work you put into bring us these videos. I have a never ending thirst of knowledge of for the story of human history and your videos do a tremendous job keeping me satisfied.

[@AutomaticBadger]

Your documentaries are superbly well researched, written, and presented. Please keep making these

[@kaarlimakela3413]

I find myself listening to this, and #8 Fall of Civilizations; Sumeria, over and over and over. Thank you so much! :)

[@bertieschitz-peas429]

Very interesting Pete, I would like you to tell us about the Beaker people in a future video as remains of one of their graves was found near where i live in Wales. A bonus in the video today featured a piece on Ohalo II, I've visited Tiberius a few times which is just a mile up the road from the site tho' that was in 1981 sometime before Ohalo's discovery.

[@HistoryTime]

It’s ‘Age of the Stone Circles’ next, then ‘The Beaker Folk Arrive in Britain’, then ‘Bronze Age Britain’, and then finally its Iron Age Britain. Of course I’ve decided to do an entire series. Because I never make things easy for myself :)

[@wodenravens]

@@HistoryTime What a lineup!! This makes me hard and hot for you.

[@Boric78]

Congrats Woden1809 - you have won an award for Feb 2020's Most Inappropriate Comment with regards to the uploaded content / professional answer given. You have won the Internet !

[@NoName-fc3xe]

@@Boric78 And no women were harmed in the making of all this creepiness!!! Equality at last!!! Lol

[@Boric78]

@@NoName-fc3xe Awards for everybody. All round. Well done lads.

[@burntearth85]

Really enjoyed this. Nicely paced, interesting footage and explained well for the layperson.

[@hgreen7439]

I enjoy your long videos! I listen to them while I'm working nights. I need to keep my mind very busy while I do my mundane job and I learn a lot from your channel.

[@DerHammerSpricht]

12:54 is a view of Cologne, Germany, and the Rhine river. People have settled the Rhine river valley for tens of thousands of years. Cologne began as a Rhine river colony of the Roman Empire. If you ever visit Cologne, right near the central train station there is a Roman-German Museum with artifacts from all of these periods, including neolithic Rhine settlements. In my opinion, one of the coolest exhibits anywhere in the world. So, showing Cologne right at that point in the narration matched extremely well. It's that kind of attention to detail that just won you a sub, sir.

[@lowersaxon]

Stimmt!

[@sidstovell2177]

Am I ever going to get to my household chores? Thank you so much.

[@PouncingAnt]

Superb documentary! Absolutely blown away, please keep up the good work!

[@kevinmurphy65]

Well done! and a period of history thats just so cool!

[@minuteman4199]

As population rises, hunting for a living becomes difficult. As game becomes scarce, hunter gatherers probably settled down and started to raise crops and/or livestock to supplement hunted game. It likely wasn't a sudden change from one to the other. In North America most farmers are still in part, hunter gatherers. The annual deer hunt, duck/goose hunt, small game hunting and fishing are still a big thing , especially in the farming community.

[@marcostrujillo2617]

That is precisely what I would think happened. Obviously, there may have been some mingling, but ultimately I believe that both groups would have been highly distrustful of each other... let's say that cosmopolitanism wouldn't take you very far as a hunter-gatherer or early farmer, and we have plenty of anthropological evidence to support this extreme paranoia of strangers in traditional societies. I think that violent confrontations would have been relatively common. Farmers prevailed ultimately by sheer force of numbers and take-over/destruction of prime hunting-gathering areas. Also, as you say, the conceptual frontier between hunter-gatherers and farmers (particularly neolithic farmers) was likely ill-defined, but I think on the whole it is more likely for neolithic farmers to have had many hunter-gatherer skills than vice versa.

[@CookingWithMichaelD]

but that's a special thing once a year or so you know everyone goes in the fall or whatever you go get a deer that's not a regular source of food

[@guacre2675]

Well, I honestly don't think it's that simple either. Paleo-style hunter-gatherer couples give birth to very few children because they have to move around constantly to follow prey and find places with more resources. Mesolithic hunter gatherers would have had more children after they realized they could instead settle down, stop moving around, and use the resources that grow in the area. Then, yeah, the idea that they farmed to compensate for a growing population may have been the case.

[@budisov]

You mentioned that the farming lifestyle is less healthy due to being in close contact with livestock. Many illnesses jump from animals to humans. I wonder whether many hunter gatherers got killed by these deseases - just like 90 per cent of Native Americans died of deseases brought in by Europeans.

[@SonOfTheDawn515]

Wonder if any of theirs killed Europeans? 🤔

[@tipi5586]

But for diseases to jump you not only need those conditions, but you need millions of instances of those situations, so that such a jump becomes even vaguely statistically likely. In the case of hunter gatherers, their density of population meant that such instances were few and far between.

[@mb8787]

@@tipi5586 I think he meant if deceases spread from farmers, who had to some extent co-evolved with the deceases, to hunter-gatherers who had not... But one might think that trade meant that deceases spread throughout the continent, even before farmers entered into new land after the filling of the Black Sea, so unlike natives of the Americas, their immune system perhaps wasn't all that unprepared, but of course it could have been...

[@jallenw.67]

I guess no diseases existed in Indian culture. Bhaaaaa .

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@jallenw.67 that's not what any of them are saying, genius. It's an absolute fact that the Europeans that came to take take the land from the Native Americans used blankets they knew were contaminated with smallpox to wipe out as many of the Native Americans as they could. It did wipe out many tribes, and devastated all of the rest that survived.

[@LeoTheI]

I would love to see what life was like back then. Truly a beautiful age.

[@Chgdakini]

Love your content, voice, research, and can’t stop listening. Fascinating! Live in Texas, but my ancestors are from France, Germany , Denmark and England, and Ireland. So I know you are talking about my people. I’m learning so much!

[@eliscanfield3913]

Native Americans, the ones not living in their own cities, didn't wander randomly either. At least, not the ones I know anything about. They had the place where the fishing was good at this time of year, the place to grow corn that time of the year, and so forth.

[@BikingVikingHH]

Bryan McGucken You mean Siberian Americans?

[@brian280453]

Minions in Cornwall is one of my favourite places.

[@matthewbryant958]

Amazing work as usual! Great documentary

[@Tipi_Dan]

The best and most comprehensive video of its kind on KZbin, or anywhere.

[@garyhewitt489]

We gave up the hunting. and took up beer. mmmm we do like a beaker of beer.

[@PerJustert]

The last hunter is maybe dead, but the gatherers are pretty much alive and kicking.

[@carinaekstrom1]

@sledge hammer "Hunter" is a derogatory term, meaning "bad farmer heading for extinction".

[@carinaekstrom1]

@J T It's certainly more sustainable than animal herding (if that's what you mean by "nomadic herds") and would free up a lot of space for wildlife. awellfedworld.org/issues/climate-issues/farming-for-climate/?fbclid=IwAR0R_40gwrP6P7emeh_WFIE1w4c1fzHqHU-t40x9oCR-ck2-Ixwebg9Cv1o

[@carinaekstrom1]

@J T A good history channel: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIXcoJ2nl7xpoq8

[@robertayoder2063]

@@PerJustert no there not u funny bitch