What happened when these 6 dictators took over? - Stephanie Honchell Smith

  Рет қаралды 344,896

TED-Ed

TED-Ed

Күн бұрын

Examine the myth of the benevolent dictator, which is a leader who holds absolute power yet only uses it for the common good.
--
Under certain conditions, the idea of a dictator can sound appealing, like when a democracy isn’t functioning as it should due to corruption or political polarization. People may believe the solution is a "benevolent dictator"- a leader who only uses their absolute power for the common good. But can such a leader actually exist in today’s world? Stephanie Honchell Smith examines this common myth.
Lesson by Stephanie Honchell Smith, directed by Avi Ofer.
Support Our Non-Profit Mission
----------------------------------------------
Support us on Patreon: bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon
Check out our merch: bit.ly/TEDEDShop
----------------------------------------------
Connect With Us
----------------------------------------------
Sign up for our newsletter: bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter
Follow us on Facebook: bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook
Find us on Twitter: bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter
Peep us on Instagram: bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram
----------------------------------------------
Keep Learning
----------------------------------------------
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/what-happe...
Dig deeper with additional resources: ed.ted.com/lessons/what-happe...
Animator's website: aviofer.com
Music: / aim-music
----------------------------------------------
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Morgan Williams, Devin Harris, Pavel Zalevskiy, Karen Goepen-Wee, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Tim Leistikow, Ka-Hei Law, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Mark Morris, Misaki Sato, EdoKun, SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Lex Azevedo, Michael Aquilina, Jason A Saslow, Yansong Li, Cristóbal Moenne, Dawn Jordan, Prasanth Mathialagan, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Dominik Kugelmann - they-them, Siamak Hajizadeh, Ryohky Araya, Mayank Kaul, Christophe Dessalles, Heather Slater, Sandra Tersluisen, Zhexi Shan, Bárbara Nazaré, Andrea Feliz, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora, Noel Situ, emily lam, Sid, Niccolò Frassetto, Mana, I'm here because of Knowledge Fight Facebook group., Linda Freedman, Edgardo Cuellar, Jaspar Carmichael-Jack, Michael Burton, VIVIANA A GARCIA BESNE, The Vernons and Olha Bahatiuk.

Пікірлер: 1 200
@Aezra27
@Aezra27 26 күн бұрын
What about when a democracy installs a dictator in another country?
@capibara2296
@capibara2296 26 күн бұрын
👏🏼🎩
@skyemiddletonx9006
@skyemiddletonx9006 26 күн бұрын
Eehhh do you mean "what about when a country who believes they are democratic country install or help a Dictator take power in another country". Because yeah the government of a seemingly democratic country can definitely help a Dictator take power, for example Pol Pot. But there were other factors to that, and no one really knew exactly how he'd turn out at the time. But yeah Ted Ed could have briefly mentioned such.
@Pmf95k
@Pmf95k 26 күн бұрын
Diem?
@Xada35
@Xada35 26 күн бұрын
Yeah, people seem quiet when mentioning the amount of coups and subversive actions done by USA.
@davidtingley9978
@davidtingley9978 26 күн бұрын
Like Pinochet
@shivamsolanke4660
@shivamsolanke4660 26 күн бұрын
*_Politicians and diapers must be changed often and for same reason._* ~ Mark Twain.
@The_Observer_god
@The_Observer_god 24 күн бұрын
Because both get wet*
@c.jishnu378
@c.jishnu378 20 күн бұрын
Pretty sure he copied that from Sun Tzu.
@The_Observer_god
@The_Observer_god 20 күн бұрын
@@c.jishnu378 Sun Tzu lived in era where there where no diapers nor politicians, I think you are being sarcastic but I thought this is necessary.
@c.jishnu378
@c.jishnu378 20 күн бұрын
@@The_Observer_god Sorry I didn't notice.
@c.jishnu378
@c.jishnu378 20 күн бұрын
@@The_Observer_god I thought I was sarcastic enough in being sorry but you did not reply so just a reminder.
@Ilumenix
@Ilumenix 26 күн бұрын
The art style gives me wings 💀
@yellowstarproductions6743
@yellowstarproductions6743 25 күн бұрын
Nice one
@ShinichiKudoQatnip
@ShinichiKudoQatnip 19 күн бұрын
so accurate
@itsblitz4437
@itsblitz4437 17 күн бұрын
Red Bull reference
@CeciliaA1902
@CeciliaA1902 9 күн бұрын
I knew it looked familiar! Thanks for pointing out why!
@TheGreyPeregrine
@TheGreyPeregrine 27 күн бұрын
I fear that the issue of oligarchy is far more concerning. You may topple an individual but it's near impossible to dismantle an entire political elite unless extreme measures are taken, and even then it's not a guarantee.
@Imperator-vo4to
@Imperator-vo4to 27 күн бұрын
This is what no one wants to address.
@jesusojeda7850
@jesusojeda7850 27 күн бұрын
It's easier for the masses to understand their enemy it it has a name- it's way easier to blame a single individual rather to think about the context of the problems inherent to a political system or any kind of conflict.
@dovh49
@dovh49 27 күн бұрын
Like the current regime in the US is pretty much a dictatorship. It's so powerful it committed a coup against Trump. It owns the media, social networks and the institutions.
@clayel1
@clayel1 27 күн бұрын
tbf, oligarchies are usually led by dictators, since no one dictator can hold all of the keys to power
@grantzolldan
@grantzolldan 27 күн бұрын
​@@Imperator-vo4to Nobody in power wants to address.
@mylonoceda
@mylonoceda 27 күн бұрын
Praise the artists who animated this video. This style is hilarious and entertaining.
@xxxxxx-lu4ui
@xxxxxx-lu4ui 26 күн бұрын
Reminds me of Roald Dahl
@silurusdominus
@silurusdominus 26 күн бұрын
Except that it has some woke bs in it but mainly yes.
@apple_m2_delight
@apple_m2_delight 26 күн бұрын
​@@silurusdominus can you people stop screaming "woke" on anything you don't like? what's so "woke" about an animation art style anyways 😂
@silurusdominus
@silurusdominus 26 күн бұрын
@@apple_m2_delight Watch it again with open eyes. It is sad that you were fed with so much woke propaganda that you can't even notice not normal things.
@silurusdominus
@silurusdominus 26 күн бұрын
@@apple_m2_delight the problem is with you, because they brainwashed you already so much that you didn't even notice what scene wasn't normal... sad.
@erikziak1249
@erikziak1249 27 күн бұрын
The amount of hidden detail that was put in the video by the animator is excellent.
@dannieee333
@dannieee333 27 күн бұрын
what hidden detail
@krista2216
@krista2216 26 күн бұрын
Handmaid's Tale was the first one I saw, but I'm not hugely political. It was a delight to watch
@HulaHula667
@HulaHula667 26 күн бұрын
Shirtless Putin
@pierrecurie
@pierrecurie 26 күн бұрын
@@HulaHula667 on a unicorn
@seren7173
@seren7173 24 күн бұрын
@@dannieee333 the only one I know is the extremely-long table ,it is Putin's.I heard Putin always fear of his officers one day will murder him.
@The_Observer_god
@The_Observer_god 27 күн бұрын
"A good dictator is like having an honest politician which is....... *You know* " - An observer
@bensoncheung2801
@bensoncheung2801 26 күн бұрын
222 👍
@neroatlas9121
@neroatlas9121 26 күн бұрын
Thats called Nayib Bukele buddy. Or 1800s paraguay if you wanna go back a little longer.
@ricardo-2022
@ricardo-2022 26 күн бұрын
N O C No one cares
@applesushi
@applesushi 26 күн бұрын
If this offends you because it seems too close to a situation you endorse, you’re the problem.
@shivamsolanke4660
@shivamsolanke4660 26 күн бұрын
Honest politician DOES NOT EXIST...! - Anonymous.
@johnchessant3012
@johnchessant3012 26 күн бұрын
Singapore is the closest modern example to a benevolent dictatorship: continuous one-party rule since independence in 1965 that is viewed favorably by most of the population. It administers good social services and public safety, and has little corruption. However, civil liberties are severely limited. Political opponents were detained for decades without trial, homosexuality was criminalized until recently, and the government heavily censors news media as well as art and curtails the right of assembly and association.
@ethereal2620
@ethereal2620 26 күн бұрын
"closest" is indeed the correct word. The highest mountain is still very far from the sky. 🤷
@BeaverChainsaw
@BeaverChainsaw 26 күн бұрын
Singapore is not corrupt but it's still crony capitalist. Business and political elite are very intertwined with businesses supporting the People Action Party's dominance over politics. The Economist newspaper estimates that half of billionaires' wealth comes from crony sectors (10% of Singapore's GDP) In comparison, crony sectors makes up less than 2% of GDP in America and less than 1% in Germany For those who don't know: Crony capitalism is an economic system where politically connected people or businesses (cronies) in the private sector benefit from government policies giving them advantages over competition.
@crazyhawaiidrivers4310
@crazyhawaiidrivers4310 26 күн бұрын
Singapore will put its leaders on trial though and even convict them. Can't say that for most democracies or any authoritarian regime.
@QuantumPhysics-my5wb
@QuantumPhysics-my5wb 26 күн бұрын
India is going to become
@phelanwolf6747
@phelanwolf6747 26 күн бұрын
@@BeaverChainsawin Germany and the US the crony sectors likely make up a lot more of their GDP then you stated. Alone the car and energy industries in Germany or the oil and arms industries in the US. Those industries practically ruled their respective countries and still partially do.
@austine1425
@austine1425 25 күн бұрын
"Once in office such leaders graduate dismantle checks on their power. Including removing judges, who might rule against them, abolishing term limits, or refusing to acknowledge unfavorable election results" this sounds familiar somehow living here in the US.
@Lonsdaleitehard
@Lonsdaleitehard 18 күн бұрын
One best ways to know if you are heading into a one party dictatorship, is that the party in power starts trying to imprison their main political rivals 🤸‍♂️
@Cora.T
@Cora.T 10 күн бұрын
​@@Lonsdaleitehard and banning books, limiting personal expression ( think about drag etc ), bad mouthing news sources etc
@Lonsdaleitehard
@Lonsdaleitehard 8 күн бұрын
@Cora.T 🤪 I like muster on sandwiches, but not on my Vanilla ice cream, you stated banning books and then Stated that I’m bad mouthing news sources, both of which are freedom of speech issues that must be allowed to happen to have a functional democracy 🤦‍♂️, by the way what news sources am I bad mouthing ? TED Ed is a history-teaching channel, not a news source and I’m not bad mouthing them, I think English isn’t your first language, anyways have a good day 🏝
@Cora.T
@Cora.T 8 күн бұрын
@@Lonsdaleitehard no I was adding to your comment about what problematic regimes do... and frankly I think your grasp of English isn't as good as you think it is, if from my comment you come to the conclusion I'm accusing you of doing those things?? Because you're clearly not doing any of the things I said, all my comment is, is a list and the word "and" so as to link our comments. As far as I'm concerned, if you go to the thread and read the comments in succession it makes perfect sense, but so let me know if that's not the case
@kotulkin
@kotulkin 27 күн бұрын
That loooong table, looks so familiar 😂😂😂
@MsTimelady71
@MsTimelady71 27 күн бұрын
And the bare-chested guy on a horse...hmmm. Subtle TED.
@maxave7448
@maxave7448 27 күн бұрын
@@MsTimelady71I thought i was the only one who noticed that reference lol
@difficult1003
@difficult1003 27 күн бұрын
​@@maxave7448 It was too much blatant.
@awantikasingh7877
@awantikasingh7877 27 күн бұрын
do u mind telling me what the reference is?
@awantikasingh7877
@awantikasingh7877 27 күн бұрын
@@MsTimelady71 i WANT TO BE IN ON THE JOKE SOOOOO BAD, TELL ME WHAT'S IT REFERRING TO???? :(
@jangzhang7323
@jangzhang7323 27 күн бұрын
Do you want the Aladeen dictator or the Aladeen dictator?
@saltdaemon4453
@saltdaemon4453 27 күн бұрын
so many choices...
@ghostderazgriz
@ghostderazgriz 27 күн бұрын
I'll have the chicken please.
@ThePrimordialAbyss
@ThePrimordialAbyss 27 күн бұрын
Vote for the Aladeen Dictator
@lucasthepro0
@lucasthepro0 27 күн бұрын
@@ThePrimordialAbyss you are HIV Aladeen
@shivamsolanke4660
@shivamsolanke4660 26 күн бұрын
How Aladeen this comment is !
@ismaelismael8543
@ismaelismael8543 27 күн бұрын
Something people who praise Rome's dictator system seem to ignore is how it clearly failed eventually. Sulla used his influence over the military to proclaim himself dictator for life and purge political oponents, Caesar was made dictator for ten years upon defeating his rival Pompey in Greece and quickly accumulated enough power to be made dictator for life as well. Caesar's nephew and adopted son Octavian, along with Mark Anthony and Lepidus, two of Caesar's liutenants, seazed dictatorial powers during their regime, which culminated in Octavian ousting the two of them and creating the political dynasty that became the Roman Empire.
@dangroom9120
@dangroom9120 26 күн бұрын
In the end, every system will fail if man is not righteous/ethical; agreeing to abide the system's rules, while not abusing those whom they don't like by using loopholes found within the rules.
@yoshihammerbro435
@yoshihammerbro435 26 күн бұрын
@@dangroom9120 and you know like caring for other peoples safety over your own
@edwinhuang9244
@edwinhuang9244 25 күн бұрын
Also it's not like the dictators had complete unchecked power. The Senate was the body with the authority to appoint a dictator, and they also held the power to overthrow a dictator. The Senate was powerful enough to do both of those actions, so ultimately the dictators answered to the Roman Senate. In short, the Roman concept of a dictator is different from the modern concept of a dictator in terms of definition and politically speaking. Of course, there is a caveat that things do vary from across the many years that the Roman Republic was alive, but the point still stands that the dictators had some form of checks and balances for most of its existance.
@ismaelismael8543
@ismaelismael8543 25 күн бұрын
@@edwinhuang9244 That's true. Dictators where still checked by the Consuls and a clear deadline and could be held accountable once their term came to an end. However, figures like Sulla, Caesar, Mark Anthony and Octavian used the office of dictator to legitimize tyranny in the way we understand it to this day. Whenever accused of being despotic they could hide behind the fact that their title enabled them to take any actions they personally believed would defend the republic, which translated in whatever they wanted. It's kind of an emergency state. Sure, its ment to be called for in certain ocassions and it's not ment to immediately turn the country into an autocracy. However, it can easily be misused to establish an autocracy.
@shubhnamdeo2865
@shubhnamdeo2865 24 күн бұрын
@@dangroom9120 I agree. No matter how benevolent democracies and dictatorships are, they'll last as long as they have politicians that have some humanity in them ruling the regime. The biggest enemies of benevolent countries are totalitarianism and oligarchy.
@Evolution__X
@Evolution__X 23 күн бұрын
Ted released this on the time of the Indian Election. So that it doesn't have to make a part 2 of it on Modi ji 😂.
@YTworld-69
@YTworld-69 17 күн бұрын
Well the 4th of June is coming
@patelabhay550
@patelabhay550 16 күн бұрын
​@@YTworld-69yupp India is sliding towards dictatorship
@IapetusStag
@IapetusStag 27 күн бұрын
2:40 - You used the wrong Libyan flag. Under Gaddafi, they used the all-green flag. Also, to be fair to Gaddafi, his death resulted to a power vacuum that turned Libya into another Yugoslavia. Shouldn't deny that.
@felixgroove4016
@felixgroove4016 27 күн бұрын
His tyranical rule over Libiya IS the reason of the chaos that came after it. That's how it always is with dictators. The f*ck stuff up over decades and then when they leave the nations they led stay in ruins for another dictator to step in. I think Aleksandr Auzan called this effect "the rut" or "the path dependence problem". Look it up, maybe you can find english translations.
@ethancoster1324
@ethancoster1324 26 күн бұрын
Dictators act like glue. If there aren't any strong institutions to take their place then destructive chaos can ensue.
@spiralingspiral72
@spiralingspiral72 26 күн бұрын
i remember when i was in elementary and we had a flag drawing contest, our teachers actually had to exclude the gaddafi-era libyan flag due to how simple it is, literally just buy green paper and you're done
@maxandlily6074
@maxandlily6074 26 күн бұрын
@@spiralingspiral72which one did you do? And what year because if after 1981, Belize?
@charliefarmer4365
@charliefarmer4365 26 күн бұрын
Did Gaddafi try to choose a successor?
@jangzhang7323
@jangzhang7323 27 күн бұрын
I find this video very Aladeen.
@awesomehpt8938
@awesomehpt8938 27 күн бұрын
There’s a big difference between dictators in the Roman republic and modern dictators. There were actual legal limits as to how long these dictators could hold power. They had to be appointed by a sitting consul and the senate and they were limited by law to only have their power for a maximum of 6 months, afterwards they had to give up their power. Just like in any other position of power that a Roman could hold. Modern Non-monarchical dictatorships are a different and have only lasted about a century. No limits dictated by law whatsoever. And are mostly gained and maintained by force.
@maxave7448
@maxave7448 27 күн бұрын
To be fair though, im pretty sure Caesar stayed dictator for a tiiiny bit longer despite the term limit
@TrueDargen
@TrueDargen 27 күн бұрын
Cesar feared for his life and refused to relinquish power and instead marched on the senate creating the rule of Augustus. I believe deoclitanus also relinquished his power in 3rd century but Rome knew a long century of strife before that. Today’s dictators are smart and squeeze enough to not to choke the local population and therefore maintain power through fear and contempt
@nilsp9426
@nilsp9426 27 күн бұрын
Also, back then, a lot of bad outcomes were not understood as such by those who documented history (e.g. slavery was seen as something quite normal), and if anyone even reported on their dark side, it is unlikely that this record exists today. Therefore, calling these stories "myths" is quite adequate.
@T.C.-st8uz
@T.C.-st8uz 27 күн бұрын
So true, in theory. In practice though, weren't there certain Roman dictators that just decided they were going to hold on to power and flaunt the rules? I really appreciate your effort to clarify, and some people might not have known what you just wrote, but it seems to be a bit unclear.
@justindie7543
@justindie7543 27 күн бұрын
Exactly. Rome's dictator system worked incredibly well for centuries without anyone abusing the position.
@The_Observer_god
@The_Observer_god 27 күн бұрын
"People are only weak because they think they are" - Gene sharp
@thegoldengood4725
@thegoldengood4725 27 күн бұрын
“Only strong people are strong because they think they are” - Gene Blunt
@soyanshumohapatra
@soyanshumohapatra 27 күн бұрын
​@@thegoldengood4725😂
@grapeshott
@grapeshott 27 күн бұрын
​​@@thegoldengood4725Gene Sharpe's one single book was influential in bringing Arab spring in several countries.
@_sayan_roy_
@_sayan_roy_ 26 күн бұрын
@@grapeshott And what did that result in ? Have the living conditions improved in the middle East where those Arab Springs occurred ? Maybe some places but overall on average, one can argue it decreased and in fact, one can argue it decreased tremendously and to this day, the extraordinarily negative effects in multiple aspects are in Syria, Yemen, Libya and even financial wise countries like Lebanon. Talking about power structures in political and military control is one thing and arguably easier and less nuanced than to address cultural ( with emphasis on religious as it's an important or often root part of the cultural value system which is Islam in case of Arabs ) and ideological breakthroughs though incremental progress often aided by technology and science ( both of these have done for humanity arguably more than any other philosophical dialogue, activism, politics, and revolution ). I knew a sub 6 minute Ted-ed video would not be able to provide analysis of the complexities of the situation of the democracy-dictatorship dynamic and try to find a solution for it, but comment section could have been less superficial. This comment is not for you specifically as I may have strawmanned you but to expand the thread on what you just said on something influential for Arab Spring. My personal info context - An atheist from an Indian Hindu Bengali family.
@jenkar5716
@jenkar5716 26 күн бұрын
@@_sayan_roy_ Gene Sharp's book is on Functionality of democratic Governments and how to bring them down. It doesn't talk on welfare of people.
@djayjp
@djayjp 26 күн бұрын
5:06 Oh the irony of burning Fahrenheit 451 😂
@MoneyGist
@MoneyGist 25 күн бұрын
4:55 "No modern dictator has lived up to this ideal." You're wrong, Ted. Olusegun Obasanjo was a Nigerian general who rose to power through a military coup in 1975 and voluntarily handed over to a civilian government 4 years later.
@NAVEMAN3
@NAVEMAN3 23 күн бұрын
Agreed but I think he meant in the last 20 years. Could be wrong though.
@user-kp1pz6zv8y
@user-kp1pz6zv8y 18 күн бұрын
You are talking about 1 dictator . Out of who many? It doesn’t end well for them
@MoneyGist
@MoneyGist 18 күн бұрын
@NAVEMAN3 Considering the video specially mentions Mussolini, who died almost 80 years ago, I strongly doubt that.
@MoneyGist
@MoneyGist 18 күн бұрын
@user-kp1pz6zv8y Out of how many? You tell me. The video didn't actually state any percentages. They only mentioned a few examples supporting their narrative. And when you say "it doesn't end well," last I checked, the country still exists today, under a democratic government. Any problems they're facing rn isn't due to Obasanjo (if anything, it's the opposite). Not an advocate for dictatorships or monarchies. But it's essential to maintain the integrity of your talking points when debating any topic, whether for or against.
@bazz6932
@bazz6932 17 күн бұрын
I beg u make you keep quiet and do some more research. Power corrupts the longer you hold it the more it corrupts plus in Nigeria any one that tries to hold on power for too long ends up dead or overthrown . The country is to diverse for one man to rule. Plus I don't like dictator. U can sell your freedom for shortterm economic gains. I won't because eventually the dictator would seek to serve his own interest. Have a nice day
@dumbhein6042
@dumbhein6042 26 күн бұрын
Watching from Myanmar here! Who else is living under a corrupt and unjust goverment??
@catdogmousecheese
@catdogmousecheese 26 күн бұрын
4:03 It's funny how that picture of Putin riding a horse shirtless has just haunted him for years now.
@benjaminlim3936
@benjaminlim3936 26 күн бұрын
It is with great reluctance that I have agreed to this calling. I love democracy. I love the Republic. - Chancellor Palpatine.
@shubhnamdeo2865
@shubhnamdeo2865 24 күн бұрын
"In order to ensure security and continuing stability, the Republic will be re-organized into the First Galactic Empire! For a safe... and secure society!"- Emperor Palpatine
@daeseongkim93
@daeseongkim93 26 күн бұрын
Lee Kuan Yew is the closest thing, if not, is the prime example of a modern-day benevolent dictator. Lee has not left widespread destruction in his wake, nor did he cultivate a cult of personality during or after his rule. He relinquished his power and lived a quiet life for the most part after retirement. He was well-loved by most of Singapore's population and was a brilliant economic planner and diplomat during the Cold War. He built Singapore up from a former British maritime port island, a developing nation fraught with ethnic violence into the strongest, first-world trade bastion of Southeast Asia, akin to Switzerland. A strong social welfare system, regional capital for banking services and FDI, with its universities coming in the Top 10 in the Asia region.
@BuddyReiner
@BuddyReiner 24 күн бұрын
True, he has a legacy which no democratically elected clown will ever achieve.
@shubhnamdeo2865
@shubhnamdeo2865 24 күн бұрын
Few can even dare to rival to his legacy. He was not a politician, he was a human being
@samongandroid
@samongandroid 10 күн бұрын
@@shubhnamdeo2865 He only had 1-2 million people and everyone working for him for 20-30 years.
@charlesvane2774
@charlesvane2774 26 күн бұрын
“Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others” -Churchill
@j.140
@j.140 26 күн бұрын
yeah, Churchill, the best statesman of all time, except probably for Bangladesh and neighbours
@BeaverChainsaw
@BeaverChainsaw 26 күн бұрын
The best part about this quote is that he said this in his concession speech
@eg310
@eg310 26 күн бұрын
@@j.140and for the british .
@Trollingthemloudlytnd
@Trollingthemloudlytnd 26 күн бұрын
The double meaning means anything else is better than democracy
@soham141
@soham141 24 күн бұрын
Really worrying how the whole world only indicates Narendra Modi. Never says it out loud.
@abhijeetraut6427
@abhijeetraut6427 22 күн бұрын
The whole world? Literally only Indian elite kids who are entitled to whatever whims and fancies and are acting as wannabe foreigners
@manojsreekantam7277
@manojsreekantam7277 24 күн бұрын
India 2024, are you listening ?
@camelpissdrinkernabimuhamm6611
@camelpissdrinkernabimuhamm6611 21 күн бұрын
Most people in India voting for Modi to make India a Hindu religious theocratic country just like Islamic theocratic Saudi Arabia, Pakistan or iran.. Etc.. Who are accepted by UN and.. If they can make Islamic theocratic country then why not India?
@sen2003-rbd
@sen2003-rbd 19 күн бұрын
To what? To elect a coalition of parties with no goal for leading thr nation other than deny the current govt 400+ seats?😂
@sachintitus417
@sachintitus417 19 күн бұрын
Do we have a going back? 😮‍💨
@mrinmoy187
@mrinmoy187 12 күн бұрын
​@@sen2003-rbdno goal ? Dude Congress has released their menifesto long ago
@michaelaconstance4954
@michaelaconstance4954 26 күн бұрын
Thank you for making a video like this, especially with everything that's happening recently this is very much needed!
@milanchristi7939
@milanchristi7939 27 күн бұрын
My, my. How timely.
@sarahossain1502
@sarahossain1502 27 күн бұрын
Why do I feel like that ending part was trying to make a point about Project 2025 😭
@kevinblatter2369
@kevinblatter2369 22 күн бұрын
I noticed the same thing.
@davidtaylor142
@davidtaylor142 19 күн бұрын
I mean Project 2025 IS a perfect modern example
@YTworld-69
@YTworld-69 17 күн бұрын
What's Project 2025
@MoneyGist
@MoneyGist 16 күн бұрын
Methinks the entire video was made to address Project 2025.
@YTworld-69
@YTworld-69 16 күн бұрын
@@MoneyGist what's project 2025 ?
@MythicTales993
@MythicTales993 26 күн бұрын
Well done to the creators for sharing such insightful content!
@liborrajm2916
@liborrajm2916 27 күн бұрын
Walking away at the right time might be the ultimate sign of a truly great leader. But then again if someone is already rotten when gaining access to power in the first place, you can bet it can only get worse. The 'yes men' situation is also quite 'funny' to consider cause what the limitless power of the dictator in combination with their zero tolerance for critique essentially does is that they become detached from reality which, if it does not allign with the dictator's fantasy, no one dares report or explain to them. That's comical and terrifying to think about (someone with absolute power making huge decisions based on lies or incomplete picture of the situation)..
@bernardogortairemorejon6323
@bernardogortairemorejon6323 25 күн бұрын
This is a jewel. Congratulations to the producing team
@lequebecneserajamaisunpays7624
@lequebecneserajamaisunpays7624 27 күн бұрын
« Maintaining a free press also helps keep politicians accountable for their actions » yeah if only « free press » could exist maybe it would help.
@catdogmousecheese
@catdogmousecheese 26 күн бұрын
I think the biggest problem with news media today is that so many media agencies prioritize reporting entertaining stories over factual ones.
@yoshihammerbro435
@yoshihammerbro435 26 күн бұрын
Recent events in the US media have shown this as an issue hahahha
@Xada35
@Xada35 26 күн бұрын
Yeah i feel like we can't call current mainstream journalism "free"
@eg310
@eg310 26 күн бұрын
Or if people took actions instead of protesting about a war on other side of continent
@BeaverChainsaw
@BeaverChainsaw 26 күн бұрын
When I become president, I will dismantle any publication that isn't free! People often conflate freedom of press with unbiased, honest, benevolent journalism. That's false. The first newspapers were very partisan until the 1949 fairness doctrine, yellow journalism overexaggerated or fabricated Spanish atrocities to start the Spanish-American War, and the stories published are subject to the whims of the editor-in-chief and the (usually wealthy) owner. What makes the free press great is that the guy who disagrees with the government's narrative can't be thrown into jail and also that journalists have special protection by court system to publish classified documents. The free press isn't perfect but it's not like freedom is perfect either.
@Melohalo
@Melohalo 13 күн бұрын
What about when you country hides under a veneer of "democracy" but all the power are in the hands of corporate-backed legislators and policy-makers?
@heyhey3185
@heyhey3185 17 күн бұрын
We know who this video is about, and how devastating a second term of his poison would be.
@awestruckcardboard3431
@awestruckcardboard3431 27 күн бұрын
Everybody gangsta until Sulla brings out his list, And creates a Blueprint for Marching on Rome.
@Homo_-sapien
@Homo_-sapien 26 күн бұрын
Benevolent dictator Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore.
@ralpjosephjavelosa7451
@ralpjosephjavelosa7451 24 күн бұрын
well at least he made singapore great compared to the kind of country you're living it right now
@theholyemu3716
@theholyemu3716 15 күн бұрын
Singapore has huge human rights issues
@mainaccount4585
@mainaccount4585 9 күн бұрын
​​@@theholyemu3716 And your point being? Every country will have its troubles. Using its poor human rights record doesn't negate its significant economic prosperity.
@rishisharma8311
@rishisharma8311 26 күн бұрын
3:50 Add Narendra Modi to the list as well
@sriramadharapurapu2262
@sriramadharapurapu2262 24 күн бұрын
It shd be Indra Gandhi , who did emergency in 1976
@basantprasadsgarden8365
@basantprasadsgarden8365 24 күн бұрын
​​@@sriramadharapurapu2262 memories of the past as a denial to the present, best argument that can be expected
@HotCoals
@HotCoals 24 күн бұрын
He's not a dictator! ...yet.
@DaveGIS123
@DaveGIS123 21 күн бұрын
The list of dictators was shortened to appeal to an American audience. Americans know something about H@tler, think they know something about Ghaddafi, and easily recognize Putin. Some of them might even understand the references to Trump and his MAGA movement.
@mrinmoy187
@mrinmoy187 12 күн бұрын
​@@HotCoals yet......
@Imperator-vo4to
@Imperator-vo4to 27 күн бұрын
How did roman dictatorship work when we have people like Sulla, Ceasar, and August the first roman emperor?
@Daughterofminerva
@Daughterofminerva 27 күн бұрын
Because at the time of Sulla and Marius the political system of the Roman Republic was deeply polarized between two factions: the populares (led by Marius) and the optimates( led by Sulla). In the end the Repubblic wasn't working anymore,it was wrecked by the fight between these two factions. In the end Sulla won and took total power as dictator for life. At the time of Cesar the political landscape was similar.
@Pospolite-Ruszenie
@Pospolite-Ruszenie 26 күн бұрын
Well said. The Roman system of proclaiming dictators in times of crisis worked for a long time, but as most things it feel apart due to deep divisions.
@sor3999
@sor3999 Күн бұрын
The ultimate granter of the dictatorship was the senate and whenever the dictator failed to resolve the emergency or stepped out of line they were replaced. Dictators were meant as a way to expedite resolving the emergency without the normal bureaucracy.
@theexiledcactus3735
@theexiledcactus3735 20 күн бұрын
Wow! These people are so inspiring, I can't wait to follow in their footsteps. As an aspiring dictator myself its men like these that are a beacon of hope in a world overrun by democracy.
@sureshmukhi2316
@sureshmukhi2316 20 күн бұрын
Which country will you dictate?
@skyemiddletonx9006
@skyemiddletonx9006 26 күн бұрын
I do love how well Ted Ed can use historical concepts and events and compare with contemporary and possible very near future issues. The art and the text were not missing anything that may come to pass.
@michaelreid5615
@michaelreid5615 27 күн бұрын
I praise, I do not reproach, [nihilism’s] arrival. I believe it is one of the greatest crises, a moment of the deepest self-reflection of humanity. Whether man recovers from it, whether he becomes master of this crisis, is a question of his strength. It is possible. . . -Friedrich Nietzsche This is what our next benevolent leader will emerge from. The ashes of prior moral decay. Whether we live quite long enough to experience it is anyone’s guess. Be sure, the price paid will be hefty, almost unimaginable. Who will lead? And with how hard a fist?
@alexsbarricades8218
@alexsbarricades8218 27 күн бұрын
Thank you Ted Ed! I love today's video
@alexanderthoms6704
@alexanderthoms6704 17 сағат бұрын
A couple people have mentioned Lee Kuan Yew on here. He was the closest thing ever to a benevolent dictator. He didn't leave a path of destruction after he left power, which he did so peacefully, and lived out his retirement peacefully. He turned Singapore from an extremely poor country with tons of racial violence, to an economic powerhouse. Even today, many Singaporeans, including myself, have nothing but respect for him, long after he died. He was known to crack down on opposition, yet not for his own power, but because he truly believed they were a threat to Singapore. One man who was detained without charge after being accused of being communist has actually said that he doesn't blame Yew, and that Yew honestly believed he was a threat to Singapore. This man was amazing.
@Akkikyadav
@Akkikyadav 27 күн бұрын
Best time chosen to upload this video seeing the situation in India!
@notfunny3397
@notfunny3397 27 күн бұрын
Yeah, it really sucks because despite it being a meme at this point, India really should be a more prosperous nation, they have the resources, they have the population and even the education. Unfortunately they seem intent on fighting literal wars with 14% of their population. I'm not even kidding about the war part. Find info about the Kashmir region. Most of the Muslims in India do in fact identify as Indians, otherwise they would move to Bangladesh or Pakistan or whatever. Yet despite this the government seems intent on alienating them. This is not only a waste of resources, both military and just straight up money, it's also waste of opportunity to not integrate the minorities more into Indian society, which would significantly increase the productivity of the nation.
@Akkikyadav
@Akkikyadav 27 күн бұрын
@@notfunny3397 agreed! Are you also indian by the way?
@notfunny3397
@notfunny3397 27 күн бұрын
@@Akkikyadav no but I am South Asian so I know about how diverse the ethnicities are. I know all Indians aren't the same I mean, like some foreigners seem to think I mean. I'm Sri lankan, we had our civil wars and ethnic conflicts, and now that it's finally somewhat over, we are all in a better situation, imo at least
@mohitanand1844
@mohitanand1844 27 күн бұрын
@@notfunny3397 we will keep doing it
@Spirit_of_Indus_Valley
@Spirit_of_Indus_Valley 27 күн бұрын
Bots can comment on KZbin videos but they can't vote in Indian election 😂
@parasurama1320
@parasurama1320 26 күн бұрын
Do you think Nirendra Modi is a dictator?
@subhasisdas3332
@subhasisdas3332 24 күн бұрын
Yes
@JakeRed378
@JakeRed378 23 күн бұрын
As a Bangladeshi, Modi is not a dictator Modi is elected democratically by mejority He took few authoritarian steps but Indian institution are still stronger than Modi or a party and army is still controlled by indian institution and not by a man or party Economic policy are not fair but still independent Indian Market is manipulated by crony capitalist which have ties with all parties not one So modi is not yet a Dictator And India doesnt have primate cities or primate institution Modi doesnt have those skill to create a primate institution to be a dictator or have foreign support to help him to become a dictator
@funtube3512
@funtube3512 22 күн бұрын
He is not yet, But every step he takes suggests that he is on the way.. Elections of 2029 will be very different with opposition nearly crushed and media suppressed. I wonder how our indian population will react 🤔
@JakeRed378
@JakeRed378 22 күн бұрын
@@funtube3512 Nah modi doesnt have those skiIIs to be a dictator
@SK-re7vo
@SK-re7vo 12 күн бұрын
Mostly Indians don't! He is a really good leader
@renevalleramos994
@renevalleramos994 26 күн бұрын
Our top vlogger here in the Philippines, will becoming one of them...
@varunmishra1994
@varunmishra1994 27 күн бұрын
Thank you for your research. I find your videos are well done. RIght now I'm keeping an eye on Eledator
@hardikitaliya1754
@hardikitaliya1754 25 күн бұрын
That is India nowadays under Modi's rule.
@lathakm3366
@lathakm3366 22 күн бұрын
We Indians must wake up, else June 04 will be the beginning of the worst that is yet to come!!
@4RILDIGITAL
@4RILDIGITAL 26 күн бұрын
Intriguing explanation about the complex nature of power, whether it's wielded by a dictator or a democratic leader. The roast is deep, highlighting the dire necessity for stable systems of checks and balances to secure the common good against potential abuses.
@user-jw8ey4fv1l
@user-jw8ey4fv1l 24 күн бұрын
I would really appreciate if youmade a riddle video. I have watched all the others and i seek for a new challenge. Thank you and keep up the good work. DAY 1
@nilsp9426
@nilsp9426 27 күн бұрын
I think the fatal flaw in authoritarian thinking is that it equates a lack of accountability and the cumulation of power with the ability to take swift and decisive action. Think of the example of reacting to a pandemic. You might think that a dictatorship can do this easiest by immediately taking a decision that has to go through no checks and can be enacted by any means necessary. However, a well-prepared democracy can act just as swiftly, and much more comprehensively, if there is a good action plan that involves all the necessary authorities and experts. In fact, the cumulation of power can seriously impede the swift response to a threat, as can be easily seen in the example of Donald Trump single-handedly sabotaging the Covid response.
@rlc212
@rlc212 26 күн бұрын
You can't be serious about how modern dictators rise to power if you don't take into account the fact that virtually all XX Century Latin American dictatorships (except for Venezuela and Nicaragua) were put in place with support from the USA. The same applies to most Middle Eastern and half of Africa's authoritarian regimes.
@rovinteyvat4706
@rovinteyvat4706 24 күн бұрын
True. It’s becoming clear that there’s some sort of propaganda in these “informative”videos
@lovewhenshe
@lovewhenshe 27 күн бұрын
Another amazing vid thanks again
@kevinkhumalo990
@kevinkhumalo990 26 күн бұрын
Bantu Holomisa, a young dictator of the Republic of Transkei, who had overthrew the government of the day and ruled for close to a decade, with positive reforms for his country, gave up power willingly in order for South Africa to be United
@Otalonrye
@Otalonrye 21 күн бұрын
This video is for India
@shritijdighe5506
@shritijdighe5506 10 күн бұрын
Stop being a whatsapp university graduate
@IRNoahBody
@IRNoahBody 27 күн бұрын
maybe ALL government leaders should have term limits?
@Echo81Rumple83
@Echo81Rumple83 27 күн бұрын
and the SCROTUS
@ThZuao
@ThZuao 27 күн бұрын
I quite like the idea. Every elective office: two therms then never again. The carreer politician is the worst thing democratic countries ever came up with.
@EdwinWiles
@EdwinWiles 27 күн бұрын
​@Echo81Rumple83 Judges serve for life precisely to make them immune to short-term thinking by the other branches of government. If you disagree with their rulings, push your legislature to pass laws that make the people's will clearer.
@mecahhannah
@mecahhannah 27 күн бұрын
❤ Awesome as always thanks!
@dev.2813
@dev.2813 27 күн бұрын
handmaid's reference: 1:44
@bikramjeetsingh6382
@bikramjeetsingh6382 27 күн бұрын
Hi fellow Indian, Were you thinking about the same personality, as I was, while watching ?
@awantikasingh7877
@awantikasingh7877 27 күн бұрын
IKR 😞 😼
@Akkikyadav
@Akkikyadav 27 күн бұрын
Yes bro 💀😂
@user-nearby-attention-119
@user-nearby-attention-119 27 күн бұрын
I can already hear the footsteps of his yes-men who are marching
@sujal85826
@sujal85826 27 күн бұрын
@@user-nearby-attention-119 Don't worry, they won't be here on this education channel untill provoked💀
@Spirit_of_Indus_Valley
@Spirit_of_Indus_Valley 27 күн бұрын
Prove me, Pappu is better than Dictator 😂
@Thecutecyanbird
@Thecutecyanbird 24 күн бұрын
This is so perfect! 😊
@user-bp4nv3qp4d
@user-bp4nv3qp4d 27 күн бұрын
Astonishing animation 🤍💛
@matthewona
@matthewona 27 күн бұрын
What do you think of Lee Kuan Yew (Singapore), Park Chung Hee (South Korea), and Chang Kai Shek (Taiwan), considered dictators by western standards who repressed freedom in subservience to the state to achieve the seed of prosperity and stability that these countries currently enjoy (compared to others)?
@daeseongkim93
@daeseongkim93 26 күн бұрын
Lee Kuan Yew was the better dictator compared to the latter two. Park and Chiang were brutal, executing thousands of opponents - communist sympathizers and random non-aligned civilians alike. Lee was dictator lite and generally only imprisoned detractors.
@brandonedwards6119
@brandonedwards6119 25 күн бұрын
Most of those countries only flourished due to outside assistance though? Those countries would be equivalent to non-oil middle eastern countries without western meddling.
@benitoharrycollmann132
@benitoharrycollmann132 27 күн бұрын
If anyone is interested in gaining some insight into the capacity for true terror that can be imposed by a tyrannical regime, The Gulag Archipelago by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is a must read. It's Orwellian fiction brought to life
@dovh49
@dovh49 27 күн бұрын
Notice they didn't say much about left-wing dictatorships. Apparently left-wing dictatorships don't exist.
@mrtienphysics666
@mrtienphysics666 26 күн бұрын
"Between being loved and being feared, I have always believed Machiavelli was right. If nobody is afraid of me, I'm meaningless" Lee Kuan Yew
@juliadavidking23
@juliadavidking23 25 күн бұрын
The word dictator itself is anything but benevolent.
@cru3her608
@cru3her608 27 күн бұрын
if a position gives an individual too much power, then someone will surely come and abuse that power. therefore such a position should not exist.
@august6281
@august6281 27 күн бұрын
By having FANATICS like DDS.
@PineappleOnPizza69
@PineappleOnPizza69 27 күн бұрын
NPA spotted
@andieallison6792
@andieallison6792 26 күн бұрын
Love how this is styled like a New Yorker cartoon.
@jamessandoval5843
@jamessandoval5843 26 күн бұрын
Also like a Red Bull commerical!
@akshayagarwal3423
@akshayagarwal3423 24 күн бұрын
With animation like this, I’ll watch anything!
@vedj6515
@vedj6515 26 күн бұрын
suprised no one noticed the putin reference 💀💀 4:03
@opwave79
@opwave79 26 күн бұрын
Sadly, extremism is in vogue. People see compromise as weakness and partisanship as strength. So a dictatorship is inevitable.
@jamessandoval5843
@jamessandoval5843 26 күн бұрын
That's what they want you to believe. You must not let your cynical feelings drive you into the dark. Nothing is inevitable unless we don't act.
@ContentEnjoyer-gm3ky
@ContentEnjoyer-gm3ky 25 күн бұрын
Compromise on things that were NOT meant to be compromised with, may be weakness, but that doesn’t make one a dictator.
@xaviere.3299
@xaviere.3299 7 күн бұрын
Ton Rosendaal is a perfect example of benevolent dictator. He calls himself that way. We all agree with him staying as the main Leader (and he's the founder) of the Blender Foundation. 1/3 of the 3D animation you see nowadays is made with it. Blender is basically the execution of his rules on how to do it properly. He has done a magnificent work and service to everyone else.
@Demetrius900000
@Demetrius900000 27 күн бұрын
Nice touch with a long table.
@SudhaKiranGsk
@SudhaKiranGsk 27 күн бұрын
I feel like this is targeted at Modi Who is currently on his big for 3rd term RN
@kraneiathedancingdryad6333
@kraneiathedancingdryad6333 26 күн бұрын
Absolute power corrupts absolutely.
@thereisa
@thereisa 27 күн бұрын
It’s like a playbook I’ve seen before
@pintumunda4351
@pintumunda4351 27 күн бұрын
You definitely have my sub. This content is next level. For me Eledator was the turning point. Please keep doing what you do and keep being you, love it.
@jsb7761
@jsb7761 27 күн бұрын
What about The Dollar Dictatorship??
@somnolentea
@somnolentea 27 күн бұрын
Comrade!
@TusharAmdoskar
@TusharAmdoskar 27 күн бұрын
Timing of this video 💀 🇮🇳(2024 general election today is 16th may 2024)
@swadiqueali6696
@swadiqueali6696 18 күн бұрын
Largest democracy smells these conditions
@nilslukacs1478
@nilslukacs1478 26 күн бұрын
The subtle hint of the oversized table...
@yankun1484
@yankun1484 13 күн бұрын
OMG plez, We need to Save India from Modi.
@GudasWorld
@GudasWorld 27 күн бұрын
FBI, DEA & cops are who y'all need to worry about. With out them, fascists are noting.
@NoName-hg6cc
@NoName-hg6cc 26 күн бұрын
Except the worst violence it is not done by the police and most violent people come from the left and
@epithalamia
@epithalamia 26 күн бұрын
very good video!
@iddiadamasalahedine3258
@iddiadamasalahedine3258 23 күн бұрын
Cameroon since 1982💔
@worthit5064
@worthit5064 25 күн бұрын
So accurate about the Indian system.
@andreaskroknes4407
@andreaskroknes4407 27 күн бұрын
I was pretty early, but I do not need to state that I was FIRST; as I am so impressed by the animation and narration.
@Xloi63
@Xloi63 27 күн бұрын
Form over content, the essence of bourgeois Liberal political ideology.
@andreaskroknes4407
@andreaskroknes4407 27 күн бұрын
@@Xloi63 Let me have my superstructure and eat it too.
@michaelowino228
@michaelowino228 27 күн бұрын
Good video.
@dayanaparedes7362
@dayanaparedes7362 25 күн бұрын
So well explained 🎉
@rohanrajput_9
@rohanrajput_9 27 күн бұрын
Video: lets have a discussion about dictators, it will be interesting Comments: modi, trump, biden ...
@victoriaman117
@victoriaman117 26 күн бұрын
“Lobbiest have entered the chat”
@seventyfivemm
@seventyfivemm 22 күн бұрын
who up taking notes
@Maya-ul1rr
@Maya-ul1rr 12 күн бұрын
I love 3:03 where they say "Italy" and show a boot that looks like Italy.
@AdeshBenipal
@AdeshBenipal 27 күн бұрын
I like how this came during India's Elections
@irrelevantcheese8623
@irrelevantcheese8623 26 күн бұрын
Did you know 2024 will have the most elections in human history?
@prasoonjha1816
@prasoonjha1816 26 күн бұрын
@@irrelevantcheese8623 India's elections are in progress at the moment. Also the Modi government has been accused of trying to dismantle democracy by curbing the freedom of media, putting opposition leaders in jail without conviction, trying to win a city mayor elections through fraud which was caught on camera and so on.
@dnd-yd2uu
@dnd-yd2uu 26 күн бұрын
@@prasoonjha1816 so are you expecting ""saving democracy "" by people who run dynastic rule in their own party who have been proved of dismantling democracy since the independence and when their party was formed, through all the scandals they did, or by communists???, At this point of time no party is any good in India, But elections are not about who you like the most, it's about who you hate the least.
@avinks7137
@avinks7137 26 күн бұрын
Exactly at this point people wish to give there vote to dictators​@@dnd-yd2uu
@avinks7137
@avinks7137 26 күн бұрын
Did we already see the point in 2:14 . Happen in India during international visits.
@user-eq2dx2jp6v
@user-eq2dx2jp6v 27 күн бұрын
Thank youuuuuu ❤❤❤
@cuberpunk3209
@cuberpunk3209 15 күн бұрын
Thanks for the tutorial
@kingdavis890
@kingdavis890 12 күн бұрын
Sorry your not him bro
@NoLimitsKing
@NoLimitsKing 27 күн бұрын
There's more power in pulling the string from behind the current I.E. Blackrock and vanguard
@incredulous-
@incredulous- 26 күн бұрын
Hey guys I time travelled Cuz i can see narendra's modi's future
How Stalin starved Ukraine
15:10
Vox
Рет қаралды 2,1 МЛН
小女孩把路人当成离世的妈妈,太感人了.#short #angel #clown
00:53
Китайка и Пчелка 10 серия😂😆
00:19
KITAYKA
Рет қаралды 1,7 МЛН
2000000❤️⚽️#shorts #thankyou
00:20
あしざるFC
Рет қаралды 13 МЛН
Как быстро замутить ЭлектроСамокат
00:59
ЖЕЛЕЗНЫЙ КОРОЛЬ
Рет қаралды 13 МЛН
How could so many people support Hitler? - Joseph Lacey
5:10
Is inequality inevitable?
6:50
TED-Ed
Рет қаралды 1,1 МЛН
The 10 tactics of fascism | Jason Stanley | Big Think
9:51
Big Think
Рет қаралды 2,2 МЛН
From spy to president: The rise of Vladimir Putin
9:06
Vox
Рет қаралды 19 МЛН
History vs. Che Guevara - Alex Gendler
6:08
TED-Ed
Рет қаралды 5 МЛН
How America became a superpower
8:56
Vox
Рет қаралды 15 МЛН
The diseases that changed humanity forever - Dan Kwartler
5:44
Confused Japanese Historians Describe Weird First Europeans
30:05
Voices of the Past
Рет қаралды 759 М.
小女孩把路人当成离世的妈妈,太感人了.#short #angel #clown
00:53