What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)?

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a structural material that can be cheaper, faster, quieter and more sustainable than concrete and steel. For more by The B1M subscribe now - ow.ly/GxW7y
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[@rosscobosco]

I worked In a clt factory in Canada, it is by far a superior product, not cheap, but you remove the cost of a lot of other parts of construction. Sustainable forestry is the key and needs to be scrutinized. Forestry is big business and profits usually come before environmental impacts.

[@nicknico4121]

It is extremely lightweight compared to concrete too, way less weight for the building to sustain. But, it does take a bit more space because the columns and beams are wider.

[@timbauestruturas]

Great explanation! We're looking forward to start using CLT here in Brazil! Great channel! Keep going guys!

[@bobross5195]

The last building is in Prince George British Columbia. It's the Wood Innovation and Design Centre and it's an absolutely amazing building.

[@LJLancaster]

Love CLT. I believe we are going to see some really interesting things and the material is explored further.

[@TheB1M]

Absolutely!

[@tiberiumelinte7423]

I love CLT too, it is very resistant and a wooden construction looks amazing! I saw that in somewhere in North America will be constructed Skyscrapers from CLT, here is the article: www.woodbusinessportal.com/en/news/news_continut.php/Wooden_construction_somewhere_in_North_America_with_18_levels/id_news__1907 . I think that CLT is the future's material!

[@starmaninthegrave485]

Yo! I looked this up because I work on these all day!

[@sciencevids1101]

I live for interesting and informative videos such as these. Especially if they are mentioning structural and manufacturing engineering related information. 😊 So thank you for this. Please keep posting more thank you so much.

[@TheB1M]

You're very welcome - thanks so much for watching!

[@fortuner123]

I'm in Thailand and the termites here would love it. Plywood, any wood except teak here and they gorge on it. Roof supports have to be steel.

[@danielbrowniel]

I would put a moat of sugary borax around my house, God bless you.

[@sn5301679]

And dont forget the moisture 🤣 In indonesia we usually build concrete+brick houses and expecting to last 100years+. Traditional hard wood house exist (jati, borneo tree) but its rare and can be more expensive than a bricks houses😭 Bamboo house might be cheaper but will not last.

[@Witty..UserName]

& in Iceland you wouldn't build a thatch roofed bamboo bungalow. use the right materials & techniques for where you at. pretty simple really.

[@fortuner123]

@@Witty..UserName It's a good job there are clever people like you in this world otherwise we wouldn't know what to do.

[@LeeGee]

@@fortuner123 it does look like it

[@luftbild]

Produced in Austria by Enso on two locations Ybbs / Bad St. Leonhard. I didn’t know about that! Makes me (Austrian) proud.

[@jerryjohns7358]

The man behind the voice! Love this channel and it’s narration.

[@shigetsan]

B1M Rules! Amazing presentation!

[@jennyng-tai88]

Love this educational and informative video. Thank you so much!! A very well made video.

[@uparchitecture]

We design and build a CLT small house in China back in 2017, but it wasn't received well in the industry due to the cost. but I think CLT has a bright future once manufacturing capacity can be solved.

[@akawilly]

Meanwhile in 2021: timber prices have shot up 200% and construction luber is easily up 400% 😬

[@wlpxx7]

I feel poor just by watching this video.... 2021 you crazy

[@royr327]

The value of lumber to humans has NEVER changed. If the price has risen then the Value of something changed, but it was not the lumber. It was the value of the money that changed. Just like the asshole selling bottled water for ten times value in a disaster area price gouging does exist so we just wait them out.

[@snakedoktor6020]

...labor...

[@TartarianTopG]

This is amazing

[@royr327]

Can't wait until this is more readily available. I love everything wood. It is the true Carbon storage device. Plant more trees and harvest carbon.

[@dotnothing5620]

Good point.

[@MrTsiolkovsky]

True, but you should know that that is only over small time scales. Over longer time scales, any level of tree planting will become carbon neutral. The carbon fixed by the plants from CO2 is later released by the death, a decomposition, of these same plants. That being said, on shorter time scales, this may be worthwhile.

[@_qwe_fk_1700]

​@@MrTsiolkovsky yes it doesnt store carbon over long term, but being carbon neutral over it's lifecycle is already a huge advantage compared to concrete and steel

[@mdevidograndpacificlumbera1539]

@@MrTsiolkovsky look at mr. Frickin critical ova here, wit his bullshnreezy

[@markhaus]

@@MrTsiolkovsky yes and? When a section of forest is cut for lumber you can replant that forest using modern techniques and it just starts the cycle of carbon capture over again. If the processing of that lumber is largely renewable or nuclear powered then it is effectively sinking carbon where as steel and concrete are at best carbon neutral. And the vast majority of steel and concrete isn’t carbon neutral at all both are actually significant sources of carbon emissions currently

[@trendyniro]

Love your channel!

[@naturallywood]

Great informative video!

[@philrabe910]

I'd love to know more about the joining and loading of the panels. Moment framing?

[@ramah44]

www.mhprofessional.com/9781260117998-usa-cross-laminated-timber-design-structural-properties-standards-and-safety

[@k11keeper]

the fire issue baffles me because even steel structures are now covered in sprayed on fireproofing called SFRM so why could this not be used with CLT as well?

[@tomdun7684]

because you dont need to! Wood keeps the load carrying capacity when heated

[@nougatbitz]

Aside from moisture penetrating the wood, what about woodworms or termites, or even just mice? Wouldn’t they thrive in the softer material?

[@bcubed72]

You realize we've been building with wood for millennia, right? We've figured it out by now.

[@gaz6351684]

Hi Nougabitz, I work for Stora Enso (our factory in the video) and in particular the CLT division. The CLT can be treated for termite protection, for instance this is done for the Australian or New Zealand markets where termites are more of an issue. We don't do this for the all countries as termites are a localised problem, for example in the UK they are not an issue, but for those countries effected they can be treated for. Mice are never really a problem, but certain local insects are designed for.

[@starmaninthegrave485]

We treat our panels with an environmentally friendly fungicide and pesticide solution

[@rexjgeorge]

@@gaz6351684 hi mate do you supply to australia currently

[@gaz6351684]

@@rexjgeorge Hi Rex, yes we deliver to Australia currently, and have supplied the CLT for some big mass timber projects there such as International House Sydney, 25 King St Brisbane, and library on the dock. Please get in touch with me on [e-mail] and I can put you in touch with my colleague who looks after Australia. Thanks, Gareth

[@Twiztedpenguin]

Feels like a silly question but I'll ask it anyway! Is there any risks or considerations at all towards the glue drying out and the layers peeling from each other under heavy load? Or is that just not a thing that happens?

[@urban3921]

This is not a new thing, the arches carrying the roofs of the central railway stations in Malmö and Stockholm were made in the 1920s and there's an aircraft hangar built in 1937 with a span of 55 m. Those were weather protected structures so I think it's another kind of glue since 50+ years.

[@gaz6351684]

Hi Ciaran, I work for Stora Enso (our factory in the video) and in particular the CLT division. Certainly not a silly question! What you refer to is called de-lamination. Our ETA is based on testing that simulates this effect over 50-100 years. The glue we use is a polyurethane formaldehyde free glue, and is actually less than 1% of the mass of the panel. One of the most important factors to avoid de-lamination is ensuring that humidity doesn't vary greatly throughout the year, as this is a main cause of expansion and contraction of the timber and therefore de-lamination, but in the very rare situations and harsher humidity variances where this may occur, its usually just to the outer lamella (layer) and holds no significant structural issues in regards to load bearing capacity, which is usually taken by the internal lamellas. CLT and Glulam beams for instance, have been used for swimming pool environment's etc, where the humidity level becomes more of a factor. The timbers will never really peel away from each other, instead its a case of minor cracking to outer timber, but again, this is rare and can be easily avoided. As Urban F points out, its really as case of correct protection of the timber from moisture, and designing for certain humidity levels that will ensure this doesn't happen.

[@johnboyc8924]

There are some very expensive super hatches made this way so it's a big no for falling apart

[@lukewarmwater6412]

I helped build a c.l.t. plant in Columbia falls montana, we made rig mats for the oil boom. the glue we used is made by Henkel (Loctite) and is basicly gorilla glue on steroids. direct sunlight is one thing pur bond hates. it is a form of plastic though so there isn't much that can cause de lamintation. maybe chemicals or solvents that are unlikely to be soaking into a structure. the destructive tests that certified lumber has to go through are more than you would expect. I spilled some of this glue in my driveway, it's still there. I am waiting for the sun to break it down enough that I can remove it.it has been four years now.....

[@krissztina007]

hi@@gaz6351684 , we are planning to build a passive house from CLT. Can you please tell me the advantages and disadvantages compared to a passive house built from brick (and insulation)? Concerning U-values, heating and cooling the house? For example, will the heating cost be more, since (Im just guessing) the timber will cool down faster than a brick wall would? Thank you very much in advance!

[@sndrb1336]

I am having a hard time finding fire resistance tests, esp. with regard to gasses expelled and possible delamination. I found one test where delaminating set off a cascade effect setting the entire structure ablaze.

[@JayNguyen-qd7fk]

Off gassing of glues adhesives finishes and odor mold degredation curves...oh my

[@tomdun7684]

look for construction codes such as SIA265 or EN 1995-1-1, there are some good approaches

[@sylvainriendeau6196]

Thank you.

[@axgoat]

I'm sold but this could put pressure on the forest industry and there's the backstory.

[@ducaschoenberg7156]

My adventure with the woodworking began with projects from Woodprix.

[@metalface8515]

I haven't seen every one of B1M's videos, obviously, but I was never expecting to see "the narrator's" face! And I also wasn't expecting the cool tongue piercing! Hell yeah dude lol

[@fobudomh]

Please do a video on the potential of bamboo as a construction material.

[@charliedevine6869]

With lumber at $1050 this must be the most expensive building material.

[@snakedoktor6020]

$1050...for what?

[@PJZZZZ]

can you do a segment on transparent concrete please

[@retorique]

Is there any good international post-graduate program for learning more about building with CLT and contemporary wood systems in general?

[@SirDerrickOhato]

Amazing

[@nicolaasleach]

So cool! I love it!

[@manikantabejgam2591]

What should be the thickness of CLT and standards which are used to design CLT?

[@huynguyenquang7900]

🥸🥸

[@hobbsmowers1366]

Going to build my house with this

[@jhonnythejeccer6022]

This sounds like a kind of weird idea. 1. how do you soundproof that? Wood can carry sound really well and i could see this getting unusable for actual flats or family houses as well as work spaces outside of office. 2. what about flood and/or wind resistance (especially looking at wood houses in the us being wiped out completely by hurricanes)? Due to the relatively light material i could see this getting ripped apart or soaked and then carried in the streams.

[@peterjakobsen5629]

How does it look from a circular economy view? Can the layers be separated easily and in a non-toxic way?

[@jfbaquero]

Hi, can someone make a list of companies around the globe producing CLT?

[@lst1nwndrlnd]

This and all other Timber videos would be an Excellent repost for the "Team Trees $20M by 2020" thread. Sequester Downtown

[@whataboutbob7967]

it looks incredibly inefficient, yet very strong providing it does not delaminate, like plywood often does. so the walls are solid, how do you run electrical, plumbing, ducting & what about insulation?

[@TheIlJeep]

I AM THE MASTER OF CLT! (Jay and Silent Bob)

[@levarmitchell3962]

How long does it take for CLT to burn off, exposing the timber to fire?

[@tomdun7684]

For this kind of wood it's around 0.7-0.8 mm/min + a coal layer of around 7mm, the rest of the wood is still load-bearing

[@Ryrynz2000]

Trying to hide his tongue piercing.. lol.

[@RyanBlockb5]

Ryan Clemens It's like a Easter Egg. I've often wondered why his accent sound a little different... Tounge ring.

[@huaxingwang2557]

lol

[@impactodelsurenterprise2440]

No wonder he was speaking funny

[@carlbrenner7078]

Damn! You're right. I was wondering the whole time, what is wrong with the way he's speaking but I could not find it out.

[@derby1251]

Male appendage enhancer.

[@user-ik8pv1qy1l]

How you guys get the black color at the CLT ? It is possible to get it ?

[@ruudvanravesteijn6182]

Question are the panels termite resistance

[@simeon24]

At this rate old growth forests will soon mean 40 years of growth before harvest. The truly old and majestic forests never to be seen again in our lifetimes. I live in bc and have watched my local hills be wiped out in the past five years. Most folks don’t know that it’s happening. Wish they could make an industry of 200 year turnarounds, that way we could at least still experience the spiritual uplift and unparalleled beauty of ancient stands, not to mention the ecological diversity that only comes with deep time. Breaks my heart :(

[@peterdecroos1654]

need to find a way to make that out of coconut timber here in southeast asia

[@rishabhsaxena6347]

How do we incorporate MEP lines into CLT walls and floor slabs?

[@adamoganyan8981]

Rishabh Saxena That’s something that I’m interested in as well

[@sylviachen7680]

Most probably would be exposed or concealed behind additional wall lining such as calcium silicate or cement board.

[@craignunnallypurcell]

What is upcharge for cost in an 85’ high building that is not a high rise ?

[@JohnDobak]

I can't get over the fact that it's still just wood glued together. The long term quality of that adhesive bond will affect structural integrity.

[@snakedoktor6020]

I think you should, hurriedly, inform the manufactures of this product, as obviously that issue has never crossed their minds.

[@jakemarcus9999]

Building from wood is a perfect way to recude carbon emissions. The carbon is stored in the wood and new forest will grow back to store even more carbon. A pro tip: We have lots of timber to sell in Finland ;)

[@CUBETechie]

Cross-Laminated wood can be built in Segments or directly in blocks and can be joined together on site with a little about of tools. Erwin Thoma and his company use no glue but join it together mechanically. How high could we theoretical built with CLT and for example with bamboo?

[@snakedoktor6020]

I don't understand what "with a little about of tools" means.

[@CUBETechie]

@@snakedoktor6020 a small amount of Tool not spezialisiert which the most people have at home

[@MiGi_Home]

I have inCLT in Indonesia ❤❤❤❤

[@88Blazehaze]

How are the prices on this materials in 2021 ?

[@JustinJamesJeep]

An update? 🙏

[@ooDirtyMickoo]

how does this work thermally? theres no insulation layer like in a standard stud wall. its all just a chunk of wood? i know solid wood can retain heat pretty well but doesnt it take alot of energy to heat it initially? is this only applicable to buildings that always maintain a constant temperature and never shut off?

[@tomdun7684]

usually there is an additional layer of insulation

[@snakedoktor6020]

The inside of the house would be finished out like a traditional one with studs, insulation, and sheet rock.

[@ooDirtyMickoo]

@@snakedoktor6020 then I don't understand? Is there not really a thermal benefit to clt? Is it just structurally beneficial? I know wood is sustainable but this uses a ton of it? What is the point?

[@juksbr6235]

What about water damage? how a floor panel can be repaired if left by an opened faucet running for hours?

[@momsspaghetti9970]

So long as the water is evaporated fast enough, mold growth is not possible.

[@kayem3824]

Is the timber usually left visible from inside?

[@thomasschafer7268]

No. Installationarea. 6 or 8 cm for energy. Water. Heating.

[@vinvan4237]

How about sound insulation?

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

Could you char it on one side (in the Japanese fashion) to make a fire resistant exterior siding?

[@bcubed72]

Chemicals are cheaper and better, but hipsters are free to do that, yeah.

[@gaz6351684]

Hi, I work for Stora Enso (our factory in the video) and in particular the CLT division. This is certainly an interesting idea, and the very old Japanese method (Shou Sugi Ban) of creating durability and fire protection is suitable for some projects. However, for nearly all of the buildings we supply, to ensure guarantee's, warranties, mortgages, insurances etc, the panels have to be designed for fire very accurately, to ensure they perform against fire as expected and required and ensure the safety of the building and the people inside. One issue with Shou Sugi Ban for modern construction would be that there is no accurate way of charring or measuring how that char has effected the panel. So although I'm sure its possible, for the very large scale buildings we supply, we have to use much more accurate and tested methods such a FR plasterboard or surface spread of flame treatments for us to be sure the building will perform as required. You can find a number of fire design guidance and documents for CLT here: www.clt.info/en/media-downloads/approvals-documents/technical-applications/

[@drantman]

The issue isn't whether it will work or not. But the Fire Design codes won't allow it (Even in a fire engineered solution). So you cant get the building certified.

[@kirkc9643]

In my job I've had many years of experience with passive fire protection, timber fire door frames and fire doors, as well as FR plasterboard (and various other boards and coatings). No amount of PR will sell me on this idea. I would not spend a single night in a multi-storey building of this construction. Performance of materials in a fire test is one thing. Real world fires are another matter. Every aspect of the building needs to perform, even after many years of occupation and the activities that go with that. Using laminated timber as the structural elements means the passive fire protection is critical. In practice, it will be vulnerable to compromise.

[@snakedoktor6020]

@@kirkc9643 Then don't live or work in one. Problem solved.

[@JohnGeorgeBauerBuis]

The part about safety begins at 3:36.

[@hauyeunglo3650]

Thank you

[@adamalderson9883]

@HoopLah clunk maybe there will be collaboration with steel or concrete companies to create protective coatings of the wood in vulnerable areas of the structure.

[@lokesh303101]

Yes.

[@australiagreg3179]

Can it be curved or are all buildings going to be square boxes?

[@snakedoktor6020]

It can be made into almost any shape needed.

[@jennyjohn704]

I think I shall give up on B1M as, even when the product is one I would support, their videos have the feel of sales pitches rather than studies.

[@KYspeaksfood]

Almost nothing is ever criticised, but I do enjoy the videos as is..

[@agkewovlbd4903]

I saw the B1M more as an introductory channel instead of a deep dive. When something interesting pops up and they report on it, then I know its out there and can explore it further.

[@snakedoktor6020]

To each her own Jenny. I'm sure you'll be sorely missed.

[@JohnJohansen2]

2:31 50% or 15%?

[@DanBurgaud]

I live in a hot humid tropical paradise where termites thrive. About 15% of the (1st) house I grew up was eaten by termites. Some part of that house (floor, ceiling) was deemed UNSAFE! I dont want my kids having the same horror I had albeit I really prefer WOOD over CONCRETE

[@falconellirk901]

How long would CLT last? If you would be building durable building that will last for more than 100 years old is granite brick better than CLT then?

[@bcubed72]

My wood-timbered house is 97, so get back to me in three years.

[@gaz6351684]

Hi Falcon, I work for Stora Enso (our factory in the video) and in particular the CLT division. Our ETA gives an assumed working life of 50 years, however in regards to mortgages and warranties on insurances, this covers over 60 years. CLT is very robust, and as long as the building is built correctly and detailed correctly, there is no reason these buildings will cannot last much longer than that. If you take examples from Japan for example, where there are timber structures that are over 1000 years old, the degradation of timber in the right conditions and protected correctly means they should easily stand the test of time. Its all about build quality and detailing to ensure a very long life span of the CLT.

[@luxuryhomemark6287]

@@gaz6351684 Hi I work in South East Asia we are very interested in termite resistant CLT could you advise, in Europe I build several structure some from you factory.

[@gaz6351684]

Luxuryhome Mark Hi Mark, we do have termite treatment options, particularly for the Australian market. Please email me on my work account and we can discuss further - [e-mail] Thanks, Gareth

[@xcumulusx]

funy to see my fakrtory from stora enso , and my maschine :D

[@TheJociman]

Video suggestion: silica aerogel insulation. It's for sure one of the more promising building techs of the near future.

[@lancsFrogger]

can something similar be made with hemp instead of timber????? thats what i wanna know. weed grow much faster than trees

[@JulianFischerJulesBarner]

could be interesting, maybe with some binding agent it could be used as a building material. intervowen patterns layered as in carbon fiber together with a binding agent could also be interesting for other purposes as well

[@bcubed72]

lancsFrogger You think arsonists are bad NOW...wait 'till they learn buildings are made outta weed!

[@luxuryhomemark6287]

Hemp fantastic for insulation but not structural material, or must use to much glue and press it. I guess hemp and wood combination it would be perfect. Wood structure and isolation with Hemp.

[@manikantabejgam2591]

Can bamboo is used instead of timber?

[@luxuryhomemark6287]

Bamboo would be much costly if you think about the production of bamboo sheets. But theoretically could produce by bamboo as well.

[@zyxwvutsrqponmlkh]

Them some distinct ears you got there.

[@reidflemingworldstoughestm1394]

3:53 What's that you say? Steel doesn't have to melt to lose its structural stability? Welp, I guess that shoots my 9/11 theories down in flames. Now I have enough time to get into that flat earth theory I've been hearing so much about.

[@tomdun7684]

Steel loses its load bearing capacity way before melting.

[@camoogoo]

What about beavers?

[@seafighter4]

0:46 "Sustainably sourced timber" that sounds more like a nice-to-have requirement, not a hard requirement.

[@downstream0114]

It's not. See his other channel's video: "Why All Buildings Should Be Timber"

[@VultureGamerPL]

I can't believe you build houses out of wood and not bricks

[@lokesh303101]

Mini Apartment blocks in multi family zones.

[@life42theuniverse]

The growth of a forest ... 50 - 200 years. Product lifetime < 50 years and product demand growing. Forest land area is decreasing.

[@gaz6351684]

Hello, I work for Stora Enso Wood products division, the CLT company in the video. The current estimated CLT capacity across all suppliers internationally is approximately 1.25 Million m3 per year. The majority of mass timber at the moment is produced in Europe. In 2019 there was an estimated 159 million hectares or forest land across Europe and within this there is a growing stock (ie timber that is available for wood supply) of about 27.1 Billion m³, so to put that into context, all mass timber produced globally annually is the equivalent of around 4-5% of Europe’s forestry stock, not including of course all forests outside of Europe. When you take into account areas like Russia and Canada, there is a strong forestry stock globally, and mass timber consumption is a very small % of it. This is of course fully regenerated annually, because we grow more than we use. In regards to total European forestry stock, this has increased by 10% since 1990 because more trees are planted than are harvested every year, again showing a strong forest supply and future growth. I would suggest that considering CLT has been around for nearly 30 years now, and in the last 30 years forest stock in Europe has in fact grown by 10%, I would say this is strong evidence to suggest that the European forest stock is managed very well, and more trees are harvested than are being used. I cannot comment on forestry outside of Europe, or for companies that use non certified forestry. However, all the big mass timber players use sustainably sourced timber, and majority of it from Europe. Stora Enso itself, is one of the worlds largest private forestry owners, and in regards to Stora Enso forest division, in 2020 we planted over 62 million new trees, and grew 30% more timber than we used. As a company that has relied on forests for now over 700 years (we are 732 years old), looking after and managing the health and capacity of our forest's are of course key priorities for us.

[@adrian5b]

Forest land area is not decreasing

[@life42theuniverse]

@@adrian5b It is all young forest. The commercial cycle keeps it that way.

[@tribemayamex]

a building in miami collapsed yesterday it was made of concrete and metal beams. no maintenance probably

[@xcx23cwea65]

SO , I GUESS THEY WILL NEED A LOT OF TREES.

[@rinnin]

Exactly. And would like to know the impact of Scots pine and spruce on the environment compared to natural, broadleaved trees. Also if they have a replanting regime.

[@nub9688]

Get ready for some BBQ Towers kids.

[@TheB1M]

Worth watching the part about fire resistance.

[@rolandgreen4318]

CLT have been used in the wood industry for 1000's of years. One of the biggest wood projects long time ago was Noah's ark.

[@SomeDumUsrName]

That stupid tongue piercing is obviously a lot of work. LMAO

[@JS-jh4cy]

Whish there was a small system to make my own laminated wood, have trees and sawdust

[@ercanunsalerturk6138]

im sure this guy spits 10 drops of saliva each second while he speaks

[@mrmofopink]

Doesn't it creak?

[@martingrimmitt3992]

So it's just chunky plywood made from strips instead of sheets? Am I missing something?

[@snakedoktor6020]

Yes. Yes you are.

[@meandnature6452]

so much wood is used for one wall. with normal studs you can build more

[@davidwade4291]

In the US, they're using CLT to build post and beam structures and allowing for the walls to be completed with studs or perhaps even insulation with a protective covering to give it form.

[@rickschuman2926]

CLT is really just very thick plywood.

[@impactodelsurenterprise2440]

Two questions: 1) What footing does it rest on. I'm guessing concrete. Why not CLT footing if it's all that amazing much more than concrete. 2) Let's see how the walls stand up to a 2x4 wooden stud flying at 100mph towards it. Now compare this to concrete.

[@tomdun7684]

every material has its "disciplines"

[@snakedoktor6020]

I didn't hear anything in this video that said CLT was more "amazing" than concrete. What I did hear was that it is about 50% less polluting to make. I imagine there will always be a need for concrete unless something new is invented to take its place, which this doesn't. This is a material that can be used instead, in some instances, which is much "greener". We should always be searching for more sustainable materials to use in all facets of life as most of the planet's resources are finite.

[@jojojorisjhjosef]

So how does it not warp?

[@mikeakachorlton]

The lamination process, I would suggest

[@allanyz]

Metric units should be said first then imperial units. As all imperial units are not officially defined by the metric system.

[@peetky8645]

is that what the building that burnt in london was made of? went up in moments and killed scores of people

[@mikeakachorlton]

No. That was easy. Look up Grenfell Tower.

[@amirdaley2967]

that tongue piercing was kicking today.

[@offthewebdiscontinued4838]

basically plywood technology

[@TheGreatSeraphim]

Plywood, is that you?

[@AhmetYilmazbnd]

I was so distracted by the tongue piercing that I didn't understand a thing.

[@omermohamed7880]

What about water???

[@gaz6351684]

Hi Omer, in regards to moisture protection, DPC and DPM's are used at CLT to concrete ground level to protect the timber from ground water, and an external membrane is used on the exterior of the structure. So, through standard architectural detailing and water protection the CLT should be protected from water ingress. For any rare circumstances like internal water leaks, or for instance during the construction before the protection is applied, the timber can get wet, but when the leak is fixed or the build is watertight, the timber will then dry back out to its natural moisture content of around 15%. One of the great benefits of CLT is that it can be constructed in the wet, snow and bad weather, so temporary wetness is no problem, but for the finished build it should be detailed and protected sufficiently to local building regulations.

[@omermohamed7880]

gaz6351684 Thank you very much for the explanation

[@zoefofo7769]

Well I think countries with lower budget can apply to this. Like Haiti

[@arthurfilemon6038]

FACEREVEAL!?!?!?!?!? Noice!

[@explosivetwist]

comparing embodied energy of concrete, steel, and CLT isn't that helpful in selecting a material. each of these materials has their advantages, disadvantages, and purposes. it's a subtle point, but in comparing the 3 materials, the insinuation is that CLT is the way forward compared to using these "bad" unsustainable materials. rather, all 3 are useful and valuable, it's knowing where and how to use them to their best advantage.