What is epigenetics? - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna

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Here’s a conundrum: Identical twins originate from the same DNA ... so how can they turn out so different - even in traits that have a significant genetic component? Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna explains that while nature versus nurture has a lot to do with it, a deeper, related answer can be found within something called epigenetics.
Lesson by Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, animation by Chris Bishop.

[@juanvictorcabrera9388]

Can I just say, I'm really impressed with the accuracy of the information in this video! Not that I would expect any disninformation, but given the complexity of the information given, it's wonderful to have this information for public awareness.

[@xyronox]

How the heck do scientists figure this stuff out

[@ericklopes4046]

+AmracX Best comment I've read today

[@ericklopes4046]

+AmracX I can't like it through my phone, but consider it done, ok?

[@drumdidawnandrade6004]

I believe it's a theory

[@aleksandranovak8380]

I can hit a like on my phone if i touch the screen for 2 seconds :)

[@LeeMaitland]

The scientific method. A person works really hard for many years to learn as much as they can about their particular topic, in this case genetics. Then they pick an area of research that appeals to them, say, epigenetics, if they think they can help advance an area where our knowledge is sketchy, then they find funding and create a statement like 'eating healthily can slow a certain cancer growth in humans due to turning a certain gene on', they make their own prediction as to the outcome, then test it using either tried and tested methods or new ones. Then they analyse and present their findings. These results are then tested by other scientists for validation, the more scientists who's results match, the more sure we are in the results. And that's science.

[@sevanaiaseeto9456]

Epigenetics = genetic expression that alternates overtime in response to cellular physiology.

[@hinmatth]

Heritable

[@tylerwaxman7512]

Wrong. Epi- means protein expression in organisms caused by modification of gene expression from outside effectors rather than owing to the genetic code itself.

[@mord0]

@Austin Wilson "Epi" means on top of. In short, epigenetics is the study of how the environment influences gene expression. No need to complicate it any further than that.

[@sarahnunez318]

You don't know how much I need this my guy

[@KellyCalhoun322]

Concise, great word choices!

[@pete1955]

I heard if you keep your thoughts happy and maintain stress well, it legit manipulates your cells to perform better, combat sickness, and live longer. Notice the little things today and appreciate this small instance in time♥️

[@KawaiiFireMoon]

Facts just gotta stay positive. I also know forcing a smile will make you feel a little better too. Dont forget to smile folks and if someones being a stick in the mud maybe they just need a smile too. :)

[@dropj3]

It amazes me how this channel succeeds in targeting a widely diverged age demographic without making it to hard for younger audience or to childish for adults. it explains extremely complicated stuff in a simplified way without making it dull. Thanks for this amazing channel and for enriching a lot of people's lives.

[@santiagorosero223]

no

[@bombytetoo]

no

[@StevieStyle]

yes

[@simplykoko23]

i didn't find it simplified AT ALL.. too wordy. I had to look at another video for clarification

[@simplykoko23]

THIS VERSION SUCKS.. THIS VERSION WAS WAYYYYYYYY BETTER kzbin.info/www/bejne/nWKVnHyrbs-lf80

[@BrawnyBuddha]

A subtle but effective motivator for me to continue dieting and exercising. EDIT: And learning (which includes watching TED Ed videos lol)

[@anyersondavidpachecomier4144]

So we have to take care of ourselves, not only for ourselves, but also for our future children.

[@EthanPowellMMA]

this video is nuts, great stuff so interesting I do biology at A-Level and I didnt really know about Epigenetics before this

[@ethanross1071]

I'm doing A level biology and epigenetics has just been put in our new course.

[@NoahHensonbassface]

Just took my genetics final and this was one of the concepts on it. Well explained and easy to understand without all the big words like histone acetylation or methylation which cause people to feel like the concept is too big to understand. Thank you!

[@SoanRobloxGuy]

bjjio

[@floraaaaa07]

epigenética foi fantástico de estudar em biologia molecular quando cursei biomedicina, e apesar de parecer que eu não aprendi completamente como funciona toda vez que eu paro pra me aprofundar no assunto eu fico mais encantada, amo muito esse assunto!

[@kateparker8546]

I was lost about 50 seconds in... But I still love this channel!

[@wadeambrose6351]

Great video. Small thing that's wrong: methylation on the DNA stops transcription like you said, but methylation on histones (the things that cause the DNA tightening that you mentioned; the yellow ball thing) increases DNA "loosening" and increases transcription. So basically methylation can increase or decrease transcription. Biology is wild

[@RoScFan]

it would be interesting to see a video about the relationship between epigenetics and lamarckism.

[@revimfadli4666]

And while we're at it, Baldwin effect

[@bilbowbaggins7298]

Great idea

[@adrianaslund8605]

"Why might one twin get heart disease at 55 while the other runs marathons in perfect health?" I think you might have just answered your own question.

[@Joinmyjourney8]

This is why it’s important to do self-love acts as this helps to also heal your ancestors wounds.

[@Progaminer]

That flickering animation makes me crazy, although the topic is really interesting.

[@Mark-Wilson]

I like that tho also hia fter four years

[@Progaminer]

@@Mark-Wilson Hi :) It's funny how someone replies to my comment and now I see it again and can't remember ever writing this comment

[@danical8300]

this video taught me more than 3 weeks of college genetics

[@QuillWorks]

The more I learn about this subject the more fascinated I am by it

[@moriahseale2965]

Why are some genes inhibited and others not?

[@Vivenk88]

This effectively gives more weight to the nurture part in the nature vs. nurture debate. I also think a major part of growth is prenatal development, which sadly the person has no control over. Certain negative effects during that time can carry impressions as the child grows. They can only hope their mom was living responsibly while they grew inside her.

[@gamegamer9523]

I used to think nuture is something you can always control but Nature is something you can’t but it wasn’t always the case. Sometimes you can’t control your environment and sometimes you can prevent genetic diseases from effecting you despite having the genes

[@paularrowsmith9980]

...and also hope that mum doesn't abort him or her. Otherwise, it's 'end of the epigenetic story' for that little one!

[@beegyooshi3271]

POV: you are watching for school

[@janelymontes6003]

Yesss uhhh biology 😅

[@kiana653]

here ✋

[@charliedawson8509]

Yep haha

[@Rawn_Rap]

POV: You're watching for mental illness

[@ap1jpanimations920]

nope

[@saumyas4114]

Wow, what a video. Love the animation, content, graphics and the narration. Guys, Thank you so much!💐

[@francestorreysirdevan4774]

So well explained! Thanks TED-Ed!! You guys are so awesome!

[@Alex-eb7ov]

I think this was already know long time ago, and they are already changing people with the music, television and tons of things around us.

[@tc6992]

Elites have known this. That's why our food is full of toxic chemicals and the vaccine schedule has gone from 4 in the 1960s to 80 by the time a person is 18. Oh, let's not forget pharmaceutical companies in bed with government and corporations. Wake up people

[@jahidahsan1243]

I added this video to watch later some time ago and now after watching I just realized it was positioned at 42 in the list. Coincidence I think not.

[@tayar3797]

they explain things so fast, how am I actually supposed to process and remember anything without having to go back many times to fully understand the topic, in seconds they will switch to different topics with only quick explanations.

[@mariastankova2149]

This video is perfect, so easy to understand. Thank you so much. :)

[@IsmailSal98]

Perfect explanation and perfect Arabic translation. Thank you a lot.

[@enzobg2011]

So evolution doesn't only happen through random mutations?

[@angelic8632002]

No, the environment we live in dictates if a mutation is beneficial or not. And if so, there is a bigger chance of that change surviving by being passed on to offspring. And there is some anecdotal evidence that epigenetics might make it more likely that some traits that are expressed more might get preferential treatment when they pass on to offspring.

[@DarthKenobius]

sexual selection also plays a part

[@enzobg2011]

Serah Wint I've always found hard to understand how evolution could work so well only though random mutations, like for example how some gorillas subspecies feet become more human like after only a couple thousand years having a less arboreal lives. I guess epigenetics have something to do with it.

[@angelic8632002]

enzobg2011 Probably yea. Another example are Europeans that changed skin pigmentation under just a few thousand years. That's probably a clear example of epigenetics at work.

[@sevanaiaseeto9456]

Epigenetics isn't evolution. Epigenetics is genetic expression of your genes controlled by altering cellular physiology. Epigenetics doesn't change the gene pool of your gametes.

[@bushra1271]

it's truly amazing! thank you for all the hard work to make such easy understandable important videos!!

[@_Forever555]

Thanks for the vid. I had the book "Epigenetics" by Joe Wallach on my reading list. this clip makes me want to read it even more. 👍👍👍

[@maymunamunna6110]

It's too good. May God Bless you. ❤️

[@matthiasvanogtrop1754]

Funny enough, tomorrow i will have a test about genetics and this video really helped me!

[@FarhanAmin1994]

My, my, my! 'Props for excellent graphics' would be underappreciation. This. Was. Fantabulous!

[@Ziggurat1]

Thanks, was wondering about this, learned several things!

[@davidtheproducer2971]

came here to find an answer and left with more questions

[@kaziislam2785]

As I watched the video, one quote arose in my head: Nothing is true. Everything is permitted.

[@SibylMadia]

Lit

[@joetheyoung]

This comment is just proof that meme magic exists. Certainly a amazing breakthrough in the social decline of civilization.

[@sage7774]

SHIIIIIIII AC4 AY

[@quangvinhnguyen114]

Ted ed illustration style as always so creative, expressive and inspiring

[@ThePurpleCowBell]

Thank you so much for this video! I LOVE genetics and I hope to pursue the study of genes/genetics in college. I find this specific topic very interesting. I cannot wait to see this field grow and expand in knowledge!! ^_^

[@Me-iq4se]

This is getting me extra credit in biology. Thanks Ted Ed!

[@kitarvin770]

Insightful and inspiring.

[@mr8966]

What’s missing at 2:50 is that thoughts can create chemical messengers that alter gene expression.

[@CristianePereira-r4x]

Really? I often think that i'm Useless,is this capable of changing my Gene expression

[@Eric.Morrison]

Peter D'Adamo wrote a book on this 8 years ago: The Genotype Diet

[@Nomans_Nomen]

So basically, every living human is an expression of their parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents combined life choices. I feel like epigenetics could have earthshaking ramifications on how we view behavioral psychology and demographical studies.

[@abyssal_debonair]

Could this partially explain why the children of alcoholics have a heighten risk of becoming alcoholics themselves?

[@humanlifeexpectancychannel]

Great video! Epigenetics and epigenetic tests will be a key to increasing human life expectancy.

[@nrannia]

damn, I love Biology

[@gamegamer9523]

I used to think nuture is something you can always control but Nature is something you can’t but it wasn’t always the case. Sometimes you can’t control your environment and sometimes you can prevent genetic diseases from effecting you despite having the genes

[@nimraasghar9693]

amazing .... nicely explained everything

[@ALNYTheGreatScientist]

So far, no comments have been about the video -_-

[@drz616]

Except the top ones??

[@CoffeePoints]

None of the comments except all of them , right?

[@davidb5205]

Sometimes, KZbin comments don't show up or load. Just refresh the page.

[@chris4814b]

Liked the vid... not sure that it addresses why Identical twins actually have differences right from birth

[@littlewolf2703]

I'm from Brasil, and this video was easier to understand than my book in portuguese!

[@4BrycesBattle]

interesting, quick video, to point, filled w info. 👍

[@mikaylagagne6915]

Does anyone know of a job that studies this type of stuff? I found this video incredibly intriguing and would like to research more

[@minervapatriciabanueloscar6143]

Mikayla Gagne search in Fundación America Por la Infancia

[@abdamit]

sounds like, Assassin's Creed isn't so far fetched xD

[@LowestofheDead]

"Step into this genetic memory machine to discover that your ancestors.. ate unhealthily but did parkour exercise?"

[@abdamit]

LowestoftheDead was just meant as a joke, man

[@ashiinsane90]

actually its not a joke i believe some time in the future we may able to do that

[@funa6968]

@@ashiinsane90 when

[@justinbutler3465]

Thanks! Sincerely, A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner student

[@ddmagee57]

Hey TED-Ed! So, for example, if someone goes through a horrible event it could be "remembered" by that person's children, like a child starved in a concentration camp has children preoccupied with food?

[@BrianHuynhPersonal]

or children who don't need as much food

[@stephenrodriguez3022]

www.scientificamerican.com/article/descendants-of-holocaust-survivors-have-altered-stress-hormones/ quote:Yet it is still too early in our investigation into the epigenetics of this complex stress-response system to know for sure whether these molecular changes indicate any real-world risks or benefits. “If you are looking for it all to be logical and fall into place perfectly, it isn't going to yet,” Yehuda says. “We are just at the beginning of understanding this.

[@ddmagee57]

Thanks stephen! I'll dig into that Scientific American article, this is GOLD. I've always suspected this and one other...Do you know anything about social groups producing a constant ratio of conservative and liberal personality types?

[@khamikos1]

perfect presentation. thanks from Greece

[@BrazenSolar]

Why do i feel bitter about the fact that I already knew this? I want to act elite. That part of me is an ass, i guess.

[@complexelectra]

That's ego for you. :P

[@debralucas2224]

Well you've got inner reflection going for you, so you're ahead of the game :)

[@saumyas4114]

And also, teach your peers the same. Knowledge is to be shared.and celebrated.

[@idek2069]

Not tryna be rude but I feel like less intelligent people tend to do this. This is because more intelligent people normally know things others know and so they don't really feel superior when they know something someone else doesn't lol

[@kannanshakthi6801]

Very easy understanding

[@NikolasHonnef]

Sounds plausible, but how does the cell know which behavior should affect which epigene? How is it that being healthy activates and deactivates the right genes, but being unhealthy doesn't? Or is this what defines healthy/unhealthy in the first place?

[@Farhanullah]

Proud to be an Epigenetics scientist 😎

[@rositamegchelenbrink691]

Did you forgive your past already Farhan?

[@Farhanullah]

Rosita Megchelenbrink what do you mean?

[@ALIschannel3]

This incredibly interesting and easy to understand thanks

[@imvd2652]

this only made me more confused

[@chrisdavidson6838]

Even I understood the video ! 😄

[@thailanmendes5074]

Very nice video. This epigenetic traits that are carried during meiosis can change the evolutionary paradigm!

[@coureurdebois]

since im black and Asian does that mean im blashian?

[@k191wolf5]

Im also Blasian!!!!

[@juanarias7607]

My shigga

[@k191wolf5]

+Chase Pennington The "dark" side

[@coureurdebois]

wut he said ^^^^^

[@k191wolf5]

+justin bouche :) ;)

[@JamesBowen-n6k]

Answers?

[@felixthecrazy]

Huggin' my way to a better genome!

[@mrnerd73]

Simply explained ❤️

[@i.am_pluto4012]

Thank you Ted

[@safiaahmed-zv3fh]

الشرح اكثر من رائعع

[@saumyaranjansatrusal764]

Very well explanation..

[@oursavior9339]

Yoo humans are lit wtfff how did we discover this omfg

[@עומרירוזנברג]

Thank you so much I needed to do presentation about epigenetic and you saw help me

[@madeline_parks]

I eat a lot of meat. Could that affect my genes, and could this affect my descendants?

[@kierandocherty9475]

Probably not

[@anthonys7660]

You're gonna be at a high risk of heart disease and cancer but your kids won't be affected

[@sevanaiaseeto9456]

It could if your meat eating lead to alteration within the meiotic development of your gametes

[@sevanaiaseeto9456]

I.e. - gaining mutations or having an abundance of recombinant DNA within your gametes.

[@angelic8632002]

To be fair, we don't know that yet. But we have to act on the information we have and not what could be.

[@craftworld5615]

How could the theory of Germ Plasm and this epigenetics be both correct at the same time? Should I take it as the debunking of the theory of Germ Plasm?

[@SciencephiletheAI]

In case you want more entertaining videos on science check out this channel!

[@stellenhelision4555]

No these are very entertaining.

[@naren3144]

Ahhh, the Beast's comment

[@JazevoAudiosurf]

ted ed makes great videos how can you dislike them :

[@dawsonbrown21]

i just looooove this video so much sike biology sucks

[@ChubbzCuh]

I agree

[@amanda14louise]

Can prolonged use of birth control pills have an affect in your epigenomes then?

[@marvinclavel7437]

So does that mean homosexuality can be cured?

[@moritzkockritz5710]

stfu

[@grapefruit03]

not cool

[@michaelrosche]

To cure something, you have to first recognize that there's a problem. Is being homosexual bad? I have nothing against gays and am bi myself, but I think a culture with purely heterosexual individuals would benefit the species the most.

[@helmiazizm]

More like "changed", probably yes. But that's only if you think that homosexuality is bad. I think it's not exactly "mental illnes", it's just another type of state of mind. The same goes for fetishes.

[@marvinclavel7437]

+TheVeneroz I'm not talking about that. I've read that homosexuality comes from epigenetics, and if epigenetics can be change, remove or "cured" then that means that homosexuality could be.."cured" or change or whatever.

[@jakkritpongphadung6857]

ขอบคุณครับ สำหรับการบรรยายไทย

[@brentm6450]

that is why gmo's can literally change your body

[@dannywhite132]

facepalm xD

[@VR_Wizard]

+Brent M That is false und you should watch even more biology videos. Nonetheless Ted-Ed is a good start and you should continue inform yourself about this topic.

[@dannywhite132]

the majority of GMO is harmless. in fact I'd be happy saying that almost all of it is. if you look at the vigorous testing things go through there is very little wrong with GMO. the majority of them implement genes which code for proteins. these are broken down in the stomach anyway and so will cause very little damage to a human. for instance golden rice is GM rice that has a gene that code for a protein that causes increase in vitamin A uptake. however when this rice is eaten, it doesn't suddenly cause the person who ate it to develop an extremely high vitamin A concentration in their blood and tissue. have a look at some of the stuff that GM is used for and it might change your mind. the vast majority is very helpful for humans as you can get a lot of nutrition out of a small amount of food. GM Tabasco plants were instalments in the production of an Ebola virus. there is a lot of use for GM crops

[@andrewshen8347]

are you high?

[@dannywhite132]

***** cant tell if troll or just stupid lol

[@qiaddictandtheqiexperiment9280]

Epigenetics may affect how we manage our weight. It may affect how much weight we gain later in life. Luckily we may be able to change this.

[@robotputty]

I wonder how epigenetics affects one's sex hormones, and how it influences ones gender, to prove to SJW's that gender is not just a social construct

[@JovianKronos]

I heard that the "cause" of homosexuality is actually in epigenetics.

[@Maxander2001]

Social environment is part of *the* environment which thus affects the organism's epigenetic state, undoubtedly. Bigoted comments on The KZbins (the environment) affects the feelings of some concerned individuals (emotionally invested in useless/pointless phenomena). Terms like "SJW" usually is an indication that immaturity has entered the stage, to bore others until they leave, in my not so humble opinion. *Yawn*

[@ShailabhR]

Great explanation. Thank you!

[@1sola1verita]

this science is fascinating but especially in the case of illnesses of any kind, even depression. This would explain why scientists thought that many illnesses or conditions such as alcoholism or drug dependency somehow had their origins in DNA. But it's the DNA which reacts to the person's choices, whether conscious or unconscious.....

[@ertz141]

Can you make a video about subliminals and how they change/affect the body and mind of humans?

[@suma550]

Thank you

[@vishalmishra3046]

Genome is your code and Epi-Genome is your configuration. We all know how important is the environmental configuration even when the code of any 2 instances of the same application are identical.

[@shaeam.4124]

This video was so cool.

[@임성규-j4t]

this video make my cloudy norm of "Epigenetics" clear

[@rushnarafi707]

Thanku so much 4 such an informating video👌

[@manojkumar-xo3wf]

Wow I love your explanation 😊😊😊😊

[@snowwhite8143]

Thank you!

[@ShawnRavenfire]

It's like that Star Trek TNG episode where all their inactive genes started activating, turning them into different animals.

[@danielordonez7760]

So early. It makes me feel like one of those weirdos who wait around all day just to comment first!

[@ncbully7630]

it should

[@higher_highs]

Early? Lol. I have 6:17 pm here now.

[@victimofharassment7435]

Thanks

[@العلوممعميسمينو]

Very nice video thanks 😊

[@136sarahazhar2]

Hi, I have a question to whoever might have the answer, so in the video it is said that epigenetic reprogramming can make cell develop into specific kind of cell, so does it mean that epigenetic is responsible for differentiation of stem cells in early life? Thank you for the answer.