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The third person point of view (or 3rd person point of view) is one of the oldest, and most common, forms of storytelling. Unlike first and second person, the reader is immersed in the story whilst remaining totally independent of any one character’s thoughts, feelings and experiences. They’re free to roam around, privy to any information the author chooses to disclose.
Third person point of view uses pronouns such as ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘they’ to relate the action as it affects all characters. It’s such a broad means of storytelling that over the years it’s been separated into two distinct forms: Third person limited point of view, and third person omniscient point of view.
And for a bit of an extra tweak, there’s even the third person objective point of view.
The Different Types of Third Person
In third person limited point of view, the reader’s insight is confined to the thoughts, feelings and knowledge of one character as they follow them closely throughout the narrative.
In third person omniscient, the reader has access to the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story. For clarity, this is usually limited to one character per chapter or scene. This is because it would be confusing and illogical to ‘hear’ multiple streams of thought at once.
Third person omniscient is usually the widest perspective, since the narrator doesn’t exist as a character in itself and has a ‘God’s-eye’ view of events. The narrator generally has no partiality in the events taking place, and has unlimited access to characters’ private thoughts and feelings. Those, plus events past, present and future.
We say generally in the previous description because an omniscient narrator is not necessarily without their own opinions. They may indeed interject with their own observations or wisecracks (common in comedic writing), and have no problem revealing the workings of characters’ minds. In cases where this does not happen, the narration is considered to be in the third person objective point of view.
As you can expect from the name, in the objective form the narrator relays solely the visible facts of the matter. They will not delve into the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters - remaining, instead, as a wholly impartial observer who is only capable of relaying what they observe.
The flexibility of the third person form lends the ability to have a single narrator, as in first person, without the limitations of having to stay in that narrator’s head. The story may unfold from the perspective of one character, but be free of the biases and beliefs that would make the story unreliable if it were to be told by them personally...
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