What Latin Sounded Like - and how we know

[@KatzeArtemis]

you should have said a few sentences in the real latin.

[@jordanbuffolino3767]

you should have just sat there and enjoyed the ride

[@Kritziebomelu]

nah. i also watched the video to hear how real latin would have sounded. but instead i got a lesson about why it changed and why we can know how it sounded. not bad, but not what i came here for either. slightly misleading titel.

[@nextlifeonearth]

He actually said some words and sentences in Latin.

[@mastamenace9401]

j I expected someone talking in Latin not all this extra shit

[@mosesbullrush8051]

The guy speaking was trying sooo hard to sound clever that he forgot to give us what we came here for.

[@freerider.]

As an Italian I can admit this is so fascinating. As a matter of fact when studying and reading Latin at school, we can use two different pronunciations: the "modern one", based on our current Italian, and the "restituta", which resembles the most to ancient Latin and the way they spoke.

[@robertogarufi5426]

sinceramente non sono capace di vedere Cesare che dice weni widi wiki, suona troppo strano quella w

[@ConceptJunkie]

Church Latin is the same way. It has its own rules, which are closer to Italian phonology than classical Latin, and probably based on how Latin was spoken several centuries after the "classical" Latin era of "wennie weedee weekee". It's not a matter one being right and the other being wrong, but from different eras. Since Church Latin is still actively used, we stick with that style of pronunciation, but no one pretends this is how it was spoken in the days of Julius Caesar.

[@ITALICVS]

@@ConceptJunkie You are right, but I would like to make you some clarification. First of all the restituta form is based on studies and hypotheses, we cannot know exactly how Latin was spoken in Rome. It is not 100% certain that classical Latin was actually pronounced like this. In addition, the restituta would still be the pronunciation spoken only in the city of Rome, because the people spoke vulgar Latin, or depending on the area they spoke a different Latin pronounced with influences of native languages, and it would have been enough to move a few kilometers to hear it pronounced in different way

[@richiebee8719]

@@robertogarufi5426 anch’io!

[@mannyruiz1954]

@@robertogarufi5426 what surprises me, as a Spanish speaker, that I can read and understand your post in Italian even though I don't speak Italian.

[@alessandromalfa3919]

In Italy( and some other country)we study Latin and ancient Greek

[@marianthik]

In Greece we do the same 😊

[@cassiusquintilianustiberiu6889]

In Romania we study LATIN (CLASS VIII) OR THEOLOGY (class 9 - 12 + 4 years by university). LATIN AND GREEK . Or special schools

[@jessicaaustin4947]

In America I had to search for a good Latin curriculum to study at home.

[@PrimiusLovin]

I don't think Latin and ancient Greek were part of any obligatory school program where I live, people complain about wasting time learning dead languages and that learning german, french and english since very young is far more important and useful for the vast majority of people. While I agree with them, I think a little bit of Latin and ancient Greek is nice for those really interested in deep learning about romance languages.

[@kostpap3554]

@@PrimiusLovin Ancient greek is not really a dead language. I mean modern greek vocabulary draws 80% of its content from homeric greek, while the grammar and pronounciation are practically the same (and no, the erasmian pronounciation is not a historic pronounciation, in fact by 4th century bc greek was mostly pronounced as it is today).

[@ElvenWisdom]

Latin plus Finnish, basically makes Tolkien’s Elven language sounds of vowels and consonants. He combined all his favorite languages of Greek, Spanish, Welsh, Finnish, Italian, and Latin to make the basic Elvish sounds of Quenya and Sindarin. Would love a video from you on his language influences and how he created his different languages for his stories.

[@paulsomers6048]

Tolkien was a scholar of Old English - was leader of a group which read Beowulf out loud in the original.

[@vonzahnstein]

The Language of the Rohirrim was heavily influenced by " Old English ". He created the Rohirrim as a mixture of Anglosaxons and Goths. And he was fascinated by the gothic Language as well.

[@kimk.2993]

Bumping this because I'm a Tolkien fan and would love to see this. Hope he does something on it!

[@Tasorius]

Anor Londo...

[@Jukisoba]

Having Finnish as my main language I've always found Italian and Spanish oddly familiar. They have the same resonant "r" pronounciation and the overall rhythm of the language is very similar to Finnish.

[@cary3579]

No wonder I couldn’t summon the demons. I was pronouncing the words wrong.

[@boaoftheboaians]

Guybrush Threepwood Try Sanskrit

[@riccardoflorio2800]

@@med1.0cre you missed some of the most famous

[@med1.0cre]

Riccardo Florio i did, didn’t i. those were just ones that came to mind in the moment. Care to add more? i’m open to suggestions

[@shmolkat657]

FluffyKittenss Fugit also means escape, well technically it’s “to make an escape” but but my Latin teacher says it’s ok

[@med1.0cre]

Anna Chen or flees, which is also a word for escape lol

[@adt_10terrarian5]

People in the 41st century: "How do we pronounce this ancient language called English?"

[@angeloreyes1951]

We don't XD

[@GiacomoJimmi]

“Yes, there is still much scholarly debate as to how OMG and ROTFLOL were pronounced by native Englians.”

[@Xerroh]

I feel like the English language pronunciation is gonna be based on rap music. 😂😂😂

[@devvv4616]

at least they have videos too see and hear it

[@neildrunkmaam7040]

Humans won't be around at the 41st century.

[@aspect0074]

why learn latin: you can roast people in latin and they won't know edit:thx for the likes

[@jdauph039]

is this a joke or seriously

[@aspect0074]

hey guys just to let y'all know that this is just a joke guys

[@andyginterblues2961]

I probably would. Sigh.

[@Jef_Jingles]

@Elizabeth Anthony context clues leads me to believe that you said something about bovine feces

[@melvynobrien6193]

I studied Latin at Uni level. People used to laugh and ask me why I was studying a dead language. My knowledge of Latin has helped me better understand several languages, and in understanding legal terminology and medical terminology and elsewhere I've found it invaluable. Remember, Carthago delenda est, and here's a little bit of Latin doggerel: semper ubi sub ubi.

[@goblinsharky]

I love how he says that the “c” is like “k” but says “Caesar” and not “Kaesar”

[@regandonohue3899]

@Cannon530YTOO Yes, the technical pronunciation. Kaiser comes from the Classical Latin Caesar with a hard C.

[@oswald7597]

Because he's speaking to us in English, and Caesar where the c makes an "S" sound is the correct pronunciation in English regardless of how it was pronounced in its original Latin.

[@maggielovestoads]

It’s so weird that “caesar” is actually kinda like “ky-zar.” Just in general, as someone who learned latin in the 21st century, the Latin language is fuckin weird

[@goblinsharky]

@@oswald7597 I know that but it’s funny how he said “Caesar would have said” and then pronounces words right right after he talks about C being a hard C, honestly this comment was a joke Lmaoo

[@skygge1006]

@@goblinsharky he was doing that because he is trying to talk to us in normal English before the example during the example it’s different

[@asimplejules]

I've just realised how much easier pronouncing Latin is when you speak german.

[@guthi]

Haha, yes

[@MarcusCato275]

A theory suggests that the Latins were migrants from northern Europe so the ease of German speakers being able to handle reconstructed Latin's pronunciation is not surprising.

[@etienne2069]

Like every roman langage from latin: Français, Espagnol, Italian

[@fuuryuuSKK]

except for the W, it really does seem to

[@Alex_Toni]

Or when you speak like italian☺

[@andyginterblues2961]

I'm glad that I got to study Latin, in both Junior and Senior high school. It's been useful in everyday life, reading comprehension, spelling, etc. I used my knowledge of Latin to help a girlfriend spell medical terms when she was taking a college secretarial science course. She got her degree, and landed a job as a medical transcriptionist.

[@angelacooper8973]

I wish Latin was taught in my school but you need like three course of Spanish before you can get to Latin. And Spanish seems like a hard language for me to learn yet I’m not too bad at learning bits of Latin.

[@jennifera.mortimer8887]

AndyGinterBlues - will you please help me with anatomy pronunciation?

[@kaprory]

Nice! Good for her, and good on you for helping her ❣️

[@DonnieDeLo4577]

Taking Latin now, I’m In Latin 2 and darn it’s a hard class

[@angelacooper8973]

@Ralph K we have Spanish 1, 2, and 3. You need those to get to Latin. I never made it past 3 sentences of Spanish 1.

[@robertjarman3703]

Veni, vidi, velcro. I came, I saw, I stuck around.

[@KarstenOkk]

Grammatically, a word ending in -o generally would be first person present tense. So "I came, I saw, I stick around".

[@florencelont4638]

clamo ergo sum: i screamed thus i am

[@SomeBody-rm6hf]

Stay awhile, and listen.

[@SchneiderAndAndropov]

Welp; now I know where "velcro" comes from. lol.

[@robertm2000]

Makes about as much sense as Latin did to me when I took it in high school!

[@Itried20takennames]

Took 4 years of Latin in high school, and….it has been really useful, even years later. Many obscure English words are similar to Latin, and on my SAT one of the vocabulary questions was “impecunious” - which I had not heard in English, but which is straight Lain for “no money,”. Later on medical school tests, same thing,,,,I could recognize answers from the Latin (such as bird-transmitted infections being from Latin for “parrot.”and many more in everyday English (like “farmer” in Latin being “Agricola”/agriculture.

[@emanuelemorelli]

@Itried20takennames In Italy we have two kind of high schools: the more practical ones and the more theoretical ones (I'm simplifying a lot). In the theoretical schools, called "Liceo", it doesen't matter if you are in a scientific school ("liceo scientifico") or in a classical one ("liceo classico"), you must to study latin. In italian lots of words are litterally the same as in latin. "Dog" in latin is "canis" and in italian is "Cane" (it is the same as the ablative form of "canis": "cane"); "Wolf" is "lupus" in latin and "lupo" in italian (again it is the same as its ablative form); In latin "agricola" is "ager" + "colo" ("land" + "to farm") and in italian it's the same "agricoltore"; And so on... So in the italian lenguage if you don't know the meaning of a word, you can split it in basical latin words and almost always you catch the meaning. I think this applays in all the romance lenguages.

[@ascaniosobrero]

Many English words are similar to Latin essentially because partly coming directly from it, and mostly because deriving from medioeval French, which in turn derived from Latin

[@Itried20takennames]

@@ascaniosobrero True…the English words are “similar” because they were derived from the Latin terms, but interesting what words were and weren’t adapted. Like English doesn’t call boys “puer,” but will say that someone acting childishly or immaturely is being “puerile.”

[@alancharlton7892]

Just remember that the "i" in Roman was always pronounced in the short form. Don't become illiterate by changing the Greek & Roman prefixes anti, demi, hemi, multi, semi, etc to ant eye, dem eye, hem eye, molt eye, sem eye, etc. Such abominations have resulted in the USA & to a lesser extent, Canada, the most illiterate of English speaking peoples.

[@OhBenWhyKenobi]

I was waiting for the narrator to pronounce Caesar as "Kae-sar".

[@kingketamine8960]

Awe, true to Caesar

[@anselhuffman4250]

Ave, true to Caesar.

[@giacomoradicchii]

Ave Caesare, morituri te salutant (hello i’m italian 🇮🇹)

[@Nicholas3412]

To think the Germans were pronouncing it right all along!

[@kostas919]

@@Nicholas3412 greeks also say Kaeseras not Ceasaras

[@cherishquinnington6061]

I still don’t know what Latin sounded like 😂

[@larapalma3744]

Same

[@suryaditaufan7285]

wingardium leviosaaa?

[@thediniverse]

@@suryaditaufan7285 vingardium lewiosa

[@janusroland]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/f3OcZIenm7ZlbMU

[@insideAdirtyMind]

I learned it at school, and then later at medical school again....

[@fAEtusDeletus]

vicipedia

[@frankb2659]

in Hindi, it's spelled विकीपीडीया. Literally "Vikipīdīā, as v and w are the same.

[@frankb2659]

I kind of wish there was a dotted व for wa. I don't speak the language, but I'm indian (well american actually🇺🇲) so I'm trying to learn in case I go to India

[@frankb2659]

I'm also half Hispanic too and I can't speak Spanish. Really wish I spoke more than English, but I'm trying.

[@jagerfromgsg945]

Frank B Just do classes. I know I’ve been talking about latin a lot but I would do it. It helps so much with everything. I understand more Spanish Italian among a few and am way better at English because of it and I’m only a latin 1 student. It’s hard at first but it’s really fun and I personally like the challenge.

[@jodinha4225]

It. Would be Vikipīdia

[@MarlenePagé-d3e]

Fascinating! As an advanced Latin student, I've often wondered about the contradiction between the old Latin pronunciation and the way in which the Romance languages are now pronounced. Thank you for sharing! Gratias!

[@longbow101]

I am Chinese and Caesar is exactly pronounced "Kaisa" 凯撒 in Chinese. Ancient Chinese were very serious about translating foreign words into Chinese words. They always picked the Chinese words having the most similar pronunciation to how the foreign words originally sounded. Such examples: Paris - Bali 巴黎, Jesus - Yesu 耶稣, John - Yohan约翰......

[@karl-oppa5261]

Jason Mckenzie replying to a 2 month old comment just to troll....... you are really THAT desperate i pity you 😂😂😂😂

[@strongeronplants]

Omg now the La Caesar pizza place make sense!!

[@strongeronplants]

@ "Mu´han´mo´de", actually :D troll or not, just google translate pls

[@BicyclesMayUseFullLane]

Another simpler explaination could be that the terms are "copied" from modern German. That would sidestep the thousand-year gap when ancient Chinese were "in contact" with ancient Romans, and the pronunciation shift that would have happened in between.

[@mmlemonade]

If you call Paris "Bali" then how do you call Bali?

[@SomeoneStoleMyHandle]

So when are you going to be releasing "We are number one but in Latin"?

[@ilovesparky13]

Our number system actually comes from the Arabs, so maybe we should have "We are number one but in Arabic."

[@OnEiNsAnEmOtHeRfUcKa]

"We are number I but in Latin"?

[@1110100110]

Got to it before me. lol

[@nicklaurindo1916]

NUMBERS UNUM SUMUS

[@namingisdifficult408]

Maxim Soloviov perhaps

[@Boowar95]

vici leaks

[@DimmVargr]

Fun fact: 'Wikipedia' should be pronounced 'Vikipedia'.

[@OcchioniApotropaici]

Ahah

[@kaeteaux]

Dimm Vargr It’s VViki, though... so “wiki” would be correct, no?

[@HollyOak]

don't you mean vici leacs?

[@Amesang]

Wasn't "wiki" taken from a Hawaiian word?

[@MrSztyrlic]

How the word "sceptic" is pronounced in contemporary English could be a clue. It looks like a relict of classic Latin pronunciation.

[@JohnKappa]

Actually, it has greek origins..from the greek word σκεπτικός.

[@sebastiangudino9377]

@@JohnKappa But he is right. It came to English from latin. In Spanish for example the word "escéptico" has no hard /k/ sound. It doesn't have that sound in french either. So the word in English HAS to come from latin directly instead of norman french. It's a nice clue of the classical pronunciation that actually was lost in the romance languages Reconstructing words from loans in other languages is pretty useful. It's the main way we have of trying to figure out the sound of ancient East Asian languages that used to be written with Chinese characters (With zero phonetic indication)

[@JohnKappa]

@@sebastiangudino9377 Ofcourse it came to English from latin, but its not a latin word, is a greek word, that Romans adopted from the ancient Greeks. That was my point.

[@sebastiangudino9377]

@@JohnKappa Yep. Greek words actually make like 10% of the entire English vocabulary (Yet they are rarely used in casual conversation. Greek vocabulary is usually scientific and has some degree of prestige)

[@alexandru5917]

Interestingly enough, sceptic sounds and writes exactly the same in romanian.

[@jxy_vbn8156]

"Latin pronunciations were so odd" Me and my celtic heritage: *laughs in gaelic*

[@_b_e_a_n_s_]

Jack Clark oh god 😂

[@crash6951]

Same.

[@dallaselgin2636]

You're from Wisconsin Jack, you don't speak Gaelic.

[@crash6951]

@@dallaselgin2636 I mean... I'm not from Germany, and yet I speak some German.

[@ricardokessler]

hi hungry I'm rat Gaelic is like Catalan a copy of Spanish but it’s the Portuguese’s copy version

[@GreRe9]

How close did the word "Cesar" sound to the German word "Kaiser" which means emperor?

[@mk-pn2rk]

Caesar. You know from the video that it was hard "k" everywhere. The digraph "ae" lost its original pronunciation, but it's not a long "e" (as in long "eh"), but it was originally used to represent the Greek digraph "ai" which is pronounced as two different sounds (analogically, oe was used in place of oi). In that digraph, the second part ("e") is a short "e", and as you know from the video, it was much closer in sound to "i" ("ee", but short). The "s" is trickier, but again, it's pronounced as "z" in German "Kaiser" as well as Italian "Cesare" or English "Cesar", so we can leave it as "z" sound, especially since it occurs between two vowels, so would have naturally sounded voiced even if "s" was normally voiceless. The "a" is short, and the "r", again, in the video, it's argued that it wasn't a trill "r", but a short stop. Wiktionary gives the pronunciation as /ˈkae̯.sar/, so I'd go with that, except two things: that "s", which I think would sound voiced between two vowels when pronounced by a normal person and not a robot, and that "r" in the end which might have been disappearing in Latin (as opposed to Greek "rho"). So yeah, German "Kaiser" is pretty close

[@xGarrettThiefx]

@@mk-pn2rk Fallout New Vegas...

[@DMSProduktions]

@@mk-pn2rk Hail Kaeser!

[@realityhurtstoomuch8830]

...and Tsar...

[@mk-pn2rk]

All of these, Kaiser, Cesar, Tsar and Polish Cesarz all stem from the same root. As was noted in the video, Germanic tribes borrowed words from Latin. Kaiser was one of such words and came to mean the ruler of Rome and eventually of Holy Roman Empire. They didn't change the pronunciation of Kaiser to fit the changes in Romance, and particularly Italic languages.

[@donbasuradenuevo]

Spent 3 minutes waiting for someone to speak in actual Latin. Gave up, moved to another video.

[@bingola45]

It would be interesting to hear a 1st. Century Roman speaking Latin. We have no idea what it sounded like.

[@robsoneducardo]

I imagine the latin spoke like Italian. My university has a "lemma" written in latin, but I've never heard it.

[@CalmCaterpillar]

Latin is by no means dead. It just changed. Raetoroman, which is still used in a valley in Switzerland is basically Latin, so is Romanian. And it's used in the Vatican as an official language. Also, a modern version of Latin exists. It's called Italian. To say that Latin is dead is to say: "Paul is 36 years old, but his 5 year old self is dead."

[@palmomki]

To say that Latin is not dead is like saying that a chicken is a T-Rex. Also, you apparently brought up the point about Latin being dead completely on your own.

[@luvu2824]

+Jens Grabarske - Hoc dictvm est verissimvm! Mvlti nec loqvi nec scribere possvnt, itaqve per tempvs idiomae malae crescant. Saepe pigritia est cvlpa! As for modern romance languages, Romansh (spoken in Swizerland as you indicated) is the most like Latin, whereas Italian, Spanish and French are severe corruptions of the language. Nevertheless, the study of Latin is of immense value, and not just for the linguistic aspect. Learning Latin allows one to apply problem solving techniques, expands one's understanding about the world, and as we already know, it deepens one's grasp of one's native language. LOVE the perfect analogy! My 5 year old is still going strong and certainly asserts itself in my daily life!

[@steliopapakonstantinou674]

Hello. I'm Greek. I did Latin at school many years ago and I must confess that we were reading /c/ always as a /k/, /qu+vowel/ as a /kv+vowel/, /g/ always as /g/ (never as j before /ae/, /e/, /i/). For example Caesar as Kezar (long e); Quoque as kvokve. Latin helped me learn and understand better Portuguese, Spanish, French..

[@thevalarauka101]

some rather interesting things have happened to Greek too over the years... I always loved /i/ and /y/ and /iː/ and /yː/ and /ɛː/ and /eː/ and /oi̯/ all merging into /i/

[@peterharris38]

Well it's all Greek to me.

[@crinklyten]

im even more confused now, than i was 5 min and 58 seconds ago.

[@theo.archive]

How and why. It's crystal clear

[@Desiderata-md3ln]

Theo Yeh except it's not. It's a decent bit of information thrown at you at once without many examples to properly explain what he's saying

[@OswaldoLafee]

If you had no clue of what was being talked about... I'm sure you are.

[@logandiaz]

He’s absolutely right. The title said what Latin sounded like, I was expecting him to flatly speak Latin not explain the history of it.

[@notaras1985]

weenee sounds like wiener which is pathetic. i'll stick to the wrong pronunciation

[@nickNcar]

Ill be at work in 3 hours.....glad i know more about latin at 3 am

[@Felix-tp8ch]

soooooo relatable

[@Felix-tp8ch]

few min in the video i thought "wtf am i doing here" in the middle of the night

[@erryauditore9642]

Felix 😂😂😂 i'm watching this video at 4:20 am and the best part is that i'm italian and i studied latin for 5 years😂😂😂 wtf am i doing?!

[@ummarum9474]

bullus shittus maximus

[@OverthereLook]

Yea like what the .... why am I here at 3????

[@stefanbruckner9029]

it's not really proven but that's also how I think "Caesar" became "Kaiser"

[@rubenambrosini2248]

One thing i wonder it's why the germans say the V like an F

[@stefanbruckner9029]

@@rubenambrosini2248 there are two Versions of how to pronounce the V in German: either as F as in "Vogel" or as what an American (I'm intentionally calling it American because the British can sometimes be slightly different, actually more similar to the German F, for example in "live" or "love") V sound, or German W-sound for that matter, would be, as in Vase. For some reasons, us native speakers also rather get more confused by the F-sound than the V/W-sound. For example, if it's about the spelling of an unheard name, the question often is: "schreibt man das mit einem Fahnen-F oder einem Vogel-V", meaning: do you spell (literally: write) this with a Fahnen-F (F as in Fahne, the German word for flag) or with a Vogel-V (V as in Vogel, the German word for bird. Strangely enough there's not really a traditional saying questioning whether it is a V or a W, even though these two letters can also be pronounced the same: Like in "Vase"(vase") and "Wasser" (water). This can be very hard for foreigners and probably is the reason why hardly any non-Geman-speaking person around the world gets the pronouncation of the brand Volkswagen correct: the V therein is pronounced like an F and the w starting the second part of the word, like an English v as in vase.

[@______608]

It is proven. I saw it in some linguistics video which says that all words for 'emperor' in European languages either come from Caesar (Kaiser, Tsar) or Imperator(Emperor) Edit: Found the video. It's from Xidnaf: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pGOyXqFmgLtkl5I

[@sergeantsharkseant]

@Stefan Bruckner it is proven the title of ceaser went from the Roman emperors to Karl the great and then then Otto the first first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation. I don’t know when it became Kaiser but the title is the same and since this day just one non German person was ever crowned as the emperor and that even by force. It was Napoleon Bonaparte a comparable evil as Stalin, Hitler and Mao.

[@makysafairy]

I'm Italian, and I study latin with the "restituta" pronunciation. C has the sound of K, v of w, g of gh and diphthongus remain as they are ( ae isn't read as "e", but as "ae"). Then, I don't understand why you say that "i" is "ee". Maybe the pronunciation is the same, but "i" isn't an "e". By the way, after all this long sermon, Caesar is pronunced as "Kaesar". With the "ecclesiastica" pronunciation, it would be "Cesar".

[@kimberlypatton205]

As a lover of language anyways, I fell in love with Latin as a child before I even realized what it was, then as a career horticulturist adult I fell even more when I was able to understand taxonomy and Latin’s relationship with nomenclature of species and plant families! I have mad respect for all we have inherited that is endlessly valuable from ancient peoples…

[@mateuszczesawjanpaweburcza4530]

Oh Latin... that language in which even "shit" sounds smart and poetic

[@magicmulder]

Dulciculus = sweet ass ;)

[@mateuszczesawjanpaweburcza4530]

magicmulder finally someone understands me

[@david_contente]

Actually Modern Romance Languages sound all like shit.

[@AtrolinK]

Said no one ever

[@LoreSka]

Shit in Latin is merda. We still use that in Italian. "sed nemo potuit tangere: merda fuit."

[@14Titus]

The title of this video should be changed to, "a lesson on Latin grammar", cuz the title led me to believe I'd get to listen to a phrase or a conversation in Latin.

[@dylmccy1262]

I agree

[@robertjenkins6132]

It's true that there aren't a lot of examples of actual pronunciation in the video, but the video should not be called a "grammar" lesson, because it is not about grammar, it's about pronunciation.

[@user-jr7ww2gf1h]

There was nothing about grammar

[@14Titus]

grammar [ˈɡramər] NOUN the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics. synonyms: syntax · rules of language · morphology · semantics · [more] a particular analysis of the system and structure of language or of a specific language.

[@arkeido]

It'd have prevented so many dislikes...

[@philplante6524]

I took Latin in Catholic school in the 1960s and we were taught true Latin, not Church Latin. So I was taught "wenee, weedee, weekee", not "venee veedee veechee". Also "Caesar" was not pronounced as "See-zer", it was pronounced "Kaizer", like the German Kaisers. The dipthong ae (as in Caesar) is pronounced as a long i, and the C is hard (= k).

[@yarikcreative]

"Kaizer" - in Classical Latin "s" between vowels doesn't become /z/ though

[@comeonmate3743]

Kaisar

[@so-fg7ig]

I went to catholic school to so my father and my grand father and we do not pronunced in this way and we are sardinian

[@so-fg7ig]

our languace is one of the most preserved latin languages

[@so-fg7ig]

In Vatican Latin is the official language I have attended to old liturgyand I never heard this pronuntiation

[@ljss6805]

Let's make this simple for you: Latin changed over time and so did its sounds. Most important thing to remember? The letter "C" sounded like a "K" and the letter "V" sounded like a "W" until late antiquity and forward, when the "C" became a "CH" and the "V" became a "V." The only other one that maybe matters is that "AE" was pronounced as both and then became "E". You're welcome.

[@danavram8437]

source? not convinced just from this video; also, almost no latin-based languages & or dialects have a "W" sound (which is different than the "U" sound), nor do they pronounce C as K. I am from Romania, the "W" sound is extremely foreign to my "vulgar latin" ears (The C and K is no problem, but I also didn't expect it). I fail to see how the "W" sound was basically lost in all these languages & dialects. We also have strange changes thougn, like 10, "decem" turning to "zece" (and there are many of these cases where de/di turn into ze/zi in Romanian). Additionally, it seems quite plausible that "V" could still have still sounded like "V" when it was the first letter, and like "U" (and by "U" I don't mean the English "iu") in any other context.

[@ljss6805]

​@@danavram8437 This isn't really a debate. I am a scholar of antiquity, so you can take me as a source when I tell you that the consensus is basically what the video shows. We know that these sounds were first "k" and "w" and then at some point between the 4th and 5th century started to become "ch" and "v" for a number of reasons. For example, when the Greeks tried to render the sound of the "c" they didn't use sigma (σ/ς) but kappa (κ). That is why their rendition of Caesar is Καίσαρ, not Σαίσαρ or Τζαίσαρ (incidentally, this also shows that the Latin "ae" sounded as a long "e" because the alpha+iota diphthong in Greek sounds like a long "e" as well). Conversely, we know that the "v" sounded like a "w" (roughly) because that is how it got rendered in a number of other languages from the time. For example, the Latin name "Verus" does not get rendered in Greek as Βέρους, but as Οὔερους, and the same thing goes for Latin names rendered in other languages; for example, Severus was rendered in Ethiopic (Ge'ez) as ጸዊሮስ (Sewiros) and not as ጸቢሮስ, and we see a very similar pattern in Syriac, where the same name gets rendered as ܣܘܝܪܘܣ (Sewiiruus) in Syriac and not ܣܒܝܪܘܣ (Seviros). And finally, on your claim that the "w" doesn't exist in Romance languages, it's just not true. The sound is there, even if the "w" is not really used to represent it anymore. I'm Mexican and in Spanish we have a lot of sounds that are, precisely, "w": for example, guajolote, güero, güey, agua, etc. Then some "u"s become "w" depending on where they are in the word; for example, "cuidado" makes the "u" sounds like a "w" so it sounds like "kwidado" and similarly "cuota" sounds like "kwota". Some of these are not Latin-based words (guajolote is a word from Náhuatl, an indigenous language of Mexico), while others are definitely from Latin, like agua, cuidado, and cuota, the first of which, oddly, obviously comes from Latin aqua but where the "g" no longer sounds like "k" but like "w". Others come from Arabic, which has the و for the sound "w". The same can be said for other Romance languages, like Catalan, which has many, many words that include the sound "w" (e.g., a clear Latin-derived word, "consanguinitat" which sounds like "consangwinitat"), same as in Portuguese, Italian, and French. So yes, the "w" existed in Latin as a sound and it hasn't really been lost as such. Cu placere.

[@ljss6805]

@@danavram8437 And on the "d" turning into "z" in Romanian, that is because the sound of the two letters is made in a very similar way. In fact, in some Arabic dialects the ظ and ض are pronounced the exact same way even though the first was probably pronounced in Classical Arabic as a "z" and the second as a "dh". Think about this: Germans and Russians struggle to say the English "th" sometimes (and "th" is close enough to "d") and so they say "z" instead: "ze postman" "zinner" "zought". And for that, honestly, I think you can thank the Slavic influence on Romanian. Some sibilants in Romanian (like "s" and "z") were sometimes changed to d and vice-versa because of the Old Slavonic influence.

[@danavram8437]

​@@ljss6805 Ok, gracias. "consanguinitat" would sound the same in Romanian as in Catalan (we have two forms: consangvinitate/consanguinitate), but just because you put "ui" to get a sound similar to "w" does not mean that "v"s were pronounced in that way. I was referring strictly to the cases where "V" is the first letter of the word (the other examples support your point though). Also, when I say the English "W" I move my lips in a different way than to say the latin language sound of "u" or "ui", but I suppose it's a minor thing. Veni, Vidi, Vici pronounced with "W" just sounds strange to me. Like an Englishman trying to speak Italian, lol. Finally, about the Greek sigma, isn't that pronounced like a latin S? For example, I would say Caesar (Ch ae z ah r, not K ae z ah r). Not sure if sigma is the correct Greek letter for Ch (like the C in Italian).

[@ljss6805]

@@danavram8437 Yes, the Greek sigma sounds like S, which is why Caesar wasn't spelled with an S or with a "tau-zeta" (which sounds like a "ch"). It was spelled with kappa because the "c" sounded like a k. If you need examples of contemporary Romance languages starting the word with a "w" sound, I gave some, but take other examples, again, from Spanish, like "guarida" (hideout) from vulgar/non-literary Latin "varida" (cave, place under ground, a place to hide). The "V" of Latin seems never to have changed into a V, but to have remained a "w" in sound (even if not in appearance) in Spanish all the way through. As for "v" in the middle, but again having a "w" sound, I would think of "agüero" (pronounced "awero"), which comes from Latin "avero" (to aver, affirm something as true). Make sense? Cheers.

[@MystoRobot]

Pompei's people dropped the "H", before the "Ashes" dropped on them.

[@MystoRobot]

Too soon?

[@yehudacavalli3927]

That's the punishment you get from the gods for dropping the H.

[@breaden4381]

You mean asses then.

[@nekromoniquehoe4227]

Ooof

[@LawsCrown]

Verum It’s been thousands of years and somehow it’s still too soon

[@maltespielt5566]

In the game "Assassin's Creed Origins", the Roman soldiers talk Latin and it sounds like Italian regarding the accent. That was quite interesting!

[@gianb3952]

I don't know if you've seen polyMATHY's video on AC Origins, but he speaks Latin really well and has done a video analysing AC Origins, it's quite interesting

[@dr.coomer789]

I really hate when that happens, or ancient Greek with a latin accent (not in the game, but another yt video)

[@laurakroon5078]

Sooooo..... how does it sound like??

[@riccardoflorio2800]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYSqimiEnr96hqc This video is a part of an Italian comedy where at 0:37 two people actually speak latin. The film's name is Smetto quando voglio and you can find it on Netflix

[@utubekullanicisi]

It actually explained really well how Latin sounded like, but you folks that don't know much about linguistics didn't really understand it. (If you find this asnwer aggressive, let me know why you hit that dislike button for such a well-prepared video? Isn't this aggressive as well?)

[@freakindamnshiki]

@@utubekullanicisi not agressive but it comes out a litle douchy yes, arrogant even

[@samuellopes4628]

In this link you're gonna find a man who speaks latin like a native, it's very interesting as he speaks it... enjoy it! kzbin.info/www/bejne/lYDcmYqBidJ9eNE

[@papertooned4226]

@@utubekullanicisi video is titled how latin sounded, given it's a video, with audio you would assume there would be a spoken example. Aggressive? Nooo.. Just seems like a regular douchebag statement to me. And i hit that dislike button because it's not the video the title implied. Like normal people, i don't give a fuck how well made a video is i'm not interested in watching.

[@Dan_Ben_Michael]

I enjoyed this video immensely and found myself coming back to it over the years. I studied Latin at school and have always been curious about the correct pronunciation of classical Latin.

[@8jof544]

weni, widi, wiki...pedia ?

[@Efreeti]

No, that's from Hawaiian. In their language wiki means quick, and wikiwiki means very quick. The first wiki was called "Wikiwikiweb", and the wiki system was soon suggested to be used for an encyclopedia. So wikipedia means "quick encyclopedia".

[@adamm.1604]

Yes 60000%

[@DrKjoergoe]

So I'm learning Latin in Germany and we are supposed to pronounce "c" as "k" which is very natural to me because in most German words "c" is pronounced as "k". Also, what I find interesting, we pronounce "ae" as the German "ä" (I don't know how to describe it in English, maybe try with Google Translator) but we were told that there are people who pronounce it as "ai" (or "ei", which is basically the same in German). "Ai" sounds like "i" in English. Now, if you take the name "Caesar", change the "C" for a "K" and the "ae" for an "ai", you end up with "Kaisar". "ar" and "er" at the end of of a word are pronounced similarly in German and "Kaiser" is the German word for emperor. That means, that if you take "Caesar" and pronounce it in that special way, you'll end up with his position. EDIT: Ok, nvm, I was just told that the word "Kaiser" directly comes from Julius Caesar so there's nothing special...

[@Antonio-dd3fe]

Kjoergoe Antonomasia

[@bellanthea]

Kjoergoe it's neat that you figured that out, though

[@Smiuley]

That was exactly what I told my Latin teacher last year omg thank you for being so me 2.0 When I found that out (Caesar is pronounced Kaisar / Kaiser) my mind was blown

[@DrKjoergoe]

Smiuley Yay, there are other me's! \(^o^)/

[@Lasix1663]

Kjoergoe Well, the story has even more depth. Back in ancient Rome, every emperor had the name Caesar in his full name. The very first emperor, Augustus, added Caesar's name to his and all the other emperors did so as well. As a consequence, the name Caesar became some kind of title. In medieval times, there was the Holy Roman Empire (which consisted mostly of german speaking realms). The Holy Roman Empire claimed to be the direct successor of the ancient Roman Empire. Thus, every emperor used the name Caesar as a title (instead of for example "King"). They pronounced Caesar the same way the Romans did but they wrote it in German phonetics, so that it became "Kaiser". And this title has stayed in our culture and vocabulary until present days. Greetings from Austria^^

[@joseduranmoreno7721]

Hey there! Thank you for this video. Maybe this is already told in any of the previous 11.836 comments, but it should be interesting to say that written language is very stable. English is one of the best examples of that. So the way we write a language reflects the pronounciation of a specific time, and this pronounciation evolves, while letters remain the same. If we want to know how Latin sounded, we should indicate "how Latin sounded in this specific time". And in a "global language" like Latin, when and where are both important. Because Latin reached the same status of today's English, which sounds really different according to the region of the world one selects. If we want to study the ancient texts and poetry, we should pronounce an Ancient Latin (I mean, with the glide "w" when we see "v" and long/short vowels, and so on). But if we want to study the ecclesiastic/Medieval Latin, then maybe we should accomodate to the then-approved standards (so "veni, vidi, vitchi", monophtong "e" for ancient "ae" and so on). It's like trying to read Byzantinian Greek with Ancient Greek pronounciation, which is wrong. I'm sure you agree, but feel free to comment back. Great channel, good job!

[@monicatomaselli9657]

It's always beautiful see someone talking about my Island! Tanti saluti dalla Sardegna

[@GaelFP]

fun fact: we still pronounce the Vs like "w" or "b" according to its position in the sentence in corsican, have no idea about how sardinians pronounce it tho

[@Fuchsia_tude]

Why did France take the more distant of those two, anyway? If it had gone the other way Napoleon would have been Italian instead of French and the history of Europe for the next 175 years would have gone completely differently

[@jeanmariezeyen111]

@@Fuchsia_tude ...and italians would have won a battle once in a while :-)

[@katherineamelia98]

Fuchsia 'tude i think corsica is closer to france technically

[@Fuchsia_tude]

@@katherineamelia98 Ah, you're right. I guess I meant it's closer to Italy than it is to France, whereas Sardinia is farther southwest, and yet now Sardinia is Italian and Corsica is French

[@Alberto-ts5hv]

@@Fuchsia_tude the republic of Genoa sold it to France

[@melflo4651]

This video does not show how Latin sounds.

[@CptBlm]

Actually... yes? You now know how they pronounced C. (I knew it before I've watched the video, tho.)

[@gore14]

Saved me some time

[@hadakajimetengu4806]

couse is an english guy so he cant pronounce corectly

[@sunnypup1971]

hadakajime tengu *course *it's *can't As in "course you can't write English properly

[@hadakajimetengu4806]

"because" not course maybe its cause o/a professor ..im not an english kid but i know latin bully-boy

[@daniellaclausen2021]

this video is so appreciated by an ancient archaeology student like me... loving it!

[@草-y8c]

Damn that's cool. So how long do you have to be studying to be considered an ancient student instead of a normal one?

[@Amornick21]

shit dude you dont have my permission to use my image.

[@michaelburgarino]

You were one fucked up dude

[@andybriggs9162]

Hows your sister? :)

[@hohho56oy]

SAL-WET-AY-OM-NAYS!

[@Ratich]

Βυζαντινός here one more language for ya

[@Ratich]

Greek Tourkish use the latin alphabet

[@toby3922]

It's really interesting to hear Latin with an Amercian accent^^ totally different from my german experiences with Latin in school. The pronounciation seems way easier if you were raised talking german. Cool video btw! :D

[@SoftBreadSoft]

@@ronaldrenegade8519 We do, we just have fewer, but the other vowel sounds arent difficult at all for english speakers. The difficult part is trilled/rolled Rs.

[@marcuscicero9587]

top dogs in Latin study were German

[@mailam8846]

​@T0e-Manno, not really. We Germans just have an easier and quicker time learning Latin because we have a lot of similar pronunciation.

[@joseanzhao4235]

If this was an exam 😐 ill dig my own grave 😣

[@Matyouloid]

In Italy the majority of high schools have latin as subject, so everybody has to know it

[@Divisaw666]

in most europe...

[@Matyouloid]

oh i didn't know that

[@ry5018]

MatyouLoyd in the Netherlands too, but only when you do the niveau 'Gymnasium' (no, nothing with P.E😂). Gymnasium is the 'highest' niveau you can do and that's why you get Latin and old Greece with it. That's what I do and Latin is really hard for me😬😅🙄

[@wallynoneofyourbusiness5520]

The English term for our Dutch word 'Gymnasium' is 'grammar school'. Salve c;

[@ModernEphemera]

If Quintilian said that “C” “should” always have a hard sound, that obviously implies other people didn’t always say it that way. If everyone always said it that way, there would be no reason for him to even mention it

[@Vmac1394]

That's because the language drift from Classical Latin to Vulgar Latin which later shifted to Italian was already in progress. The uneducated commoners were speaking in ways that the educated knew to be wrong but much later became accepted as correct.

[@sebastiangudino9377]

He was talking about "Vulgar" latín. The latin that the common, poorly educated people spoke. And of course. The Language that evolve into Romance languages. That's why C can sometimes be an S today. But that was a mistake back in the day. In contrast with correct latin

[@junovzla]

But it does prove that it's original pronuncuation was of a hard [k] sound, the palatalisation being a new development of Romance languages

[@ghostdog7575]

Quintilian was against the use of the letter k on written texts. He said It was useless because the hard sound was always present. Someone used the k letter because the sound k Is slightly different before i. That was common in archaic latin but considered superfluous by the time Quintilian wrote. That's why in IPA you have /k/ and /c/ that sound almost the same but /c/ Is a little more palatal because it assimilates the palatality of i. Cure Is transcribed /cju:r/ while come Is transcribed /ka:m/.

[@goombacraft]

@@ghostdog7575 this isn't true, /c/ is more advanced in the mouth than /kʲ/, the actual phoneme in cure /kʲʰɨ̆ɻ/. Come would be /kʰʌm/

[@FilmAcolyteReturns]

There are also different versions of Latin. Since it was the official language of the Roman Empire there are likely many different ways to say these words. Like you would with an accent. So pronouncing a word one way may sound incorrect by someone else from a different part of the world. People get hung up on the exact pronounciation or historical pronounciation of a word. Languages are not mathmatics. They are far more fluid and ever changing.

[@NallahBrown]

FilmAcolyteReturns This comment is beautiful lol.

[@FlowLai]

He makes the exact point you do at the end, but with far less words.

[@Jon0007723]

Fewer.

[@marcosaugustus3698]

hahaha i see what you did there, good sir

[@cescabel]

so when the witches pronounce an incantation with the wrong pronunciation, they got undesired effects. Instead of transforming into a cat, they transform into a mouse and then were eaten by their cat....heheheheheh

[@martinsriber7760]

Your Latin pronunciation is really good. Unlike majority of English speakers.

[@ayesha36]

Why is that? A lot of my Latin speaking friends speak similarly, and wye Americans (and a few Canadians).

[@ayesha36]

+Ianus we're*

[@martinsriber7760]

***** I don't understand your question. Are you asking me, why majority of English speakers aren't good at pronunciation of Latin?

[@ayesha36]

+Martin Šriber Right, I'm asking why you think that.

[@martinsriber7760]

***** I don't think that. I hear that. English speakers mostly suck at pronunciation of any language other than English. It's because most of them doesn't know any other language and English has rather weird spelling.

[@metatronyt]

Very well made video ;)

[@damakuno]

what the... didn't expect to see you here

[@xxbighotshotxx]

agreed!

[@metatronyt]

Xun Liew ;)

[@NativLang]

Thank you, sir. Oh, and NICE ARMOR!!

[@metatronyt]

***** ahah :D

[@xoackxo750]

Okay, good. My Latin teacher has been teaching us correctly. Thanks for the video anyway because I always like to learn about history, especially Ancient Rome and Greece.

[@Occitania26]

_Veni, vidi vici..._ an eloquent example with Occitan. In Provence and in North Occitan, the "V" is pronounced as in French. In most Occitan dialects, it is pronounced "B" as in Spanish. *But in certain dialects like the Gascon of Toulouse, between two vowels, "V" is pronounced "W".* *I always thought that it was an archaism rather than a dialectal fantasy,* the pronunciation "V" in Provence or in North Occitan is bordering on a similar pronunciation of the bordering languages, Italian and French ; the pronunciation "B" in the rest of occitania is not logical : there are two different letters "B" and "V" ! and this pronunciation is also similar in the neighboring language, Spanish. *However, in central Occitan dialects, at the same time far from Spain, Italy and France, we pronounce this "W" this "V" (between two vowels) ... Obviously, a conservatism, without external influence.*

[@wertyuiopasd6281]

Tu deviens un peu fou "loin d'Italy, d'Espagne et de FRANCE"? Pardon?

[@Dice-Z]

@@wertyuiopasd6281 Non? C'est une langue à part. C'est presque aussi difficile à comprendre que l'Espagnol pour un Français. C'est aussi, voire encore plus éloigné que l'anglais l'est du patois Jamaïcain. Donc oui, loin. Pas géographiquement mais linguistiquement. Bien que plus proche du Français que beaucoup d'autres langues évidemment.

[@awsomedude196]

It sounded a bit like this.... DEUS VULT

[@the13ator]

awsomedude196 *DEVS VVLT

[@maddflavour6744]

Forahna nice

[@GY-bd9bo]

crusades: TAKE THE HOLY LANDS FROM THE MUSLIMS nowadays: TAKE THE HOLY LANDS FROM THE JEWS, ALLAH AKBAR

[@kcalhoun8944]

Forahna Ave maria

[@dragonrykr]

Anus

[@AussieTVMusic]

Welease Wodderwick

[@sty0pa]

We can't, he's a Wobber, and a Wapist. Welease Thampthon the Thadduthee Thrrangler, inthtead.

[@AshlandIT]

WoddAwick.

[@KnowYoutheDukeofArgyll1841]

Release Brian!!!

[@thomasfrerk6002]

I appreciate the lessons, and this is my third video, I wish he would read longer verses in the correct pronunciation and not just words or a few phrases

[@asgardianolympian9482]

Very fine video. I am Italian and I study Latin and ancient Greek at school. There I learnt there are 2 different pronunciations of Latin: the classical or scientific pronunciation and the ecclesiastical pronunciation. In my country we use the ecclesiastical pronunciation because it is more similar to our language, but of course we don't know how really the Romans spoke. Probably your pronunciation, the classical, is more correct because the ecclesiastical was introduced later by the Christian after the Roman Empire end. So for us pronounce Latin is very easy. I try to explain how the sounds are (approximately) : Is is difficult to understand the vocals because they are all very 'open'. A is almost like A in the English word "are", a very open A. E is almost like E in "electric", the first E of "never". I is always like the 2 ee in "tree" or the word "enough". O is O in "obvious" and U is basically the sound of ou in "obvious", never like "you". Also, the diphthongs are pronounced with a single sound: AE is the explained E, OE is O. C can be K or C like the English CH ("chase") up to the vocals that follow it; CA is KA, CO is KO, CU is KU (Q, always followed by U, is always pronounced KU), but CE and CI are CHE and CHI. To make CE and CI sound KE and KI, there must be a H between. This is the same that in Italian, so you see for us is very easy, we pronounce as it's written! Finally, for phonetic problems of us, we ignore H at the beginning of the words. I hope I have been clear and I have written in correct English, please forgive me if I didn't. Latin, together with Greek, at school is my favourite subject!

[@DrZenith]

Your exposition is generally very good. (Except about the C -always hard in classical Latin. Always. without exception.) One small correction also, about the pronunciation of classical Latin. We DO know, fairly precisely, how it was pronounced. We really do. There has been so much work done on this by classical scholars, that we can have a very good idea about how Cicero (Kikero), Caesar, (Kaisar) milites (militess ) etc sounded when the Romans were speaking this language, '... tam pulchram et elegantem....' which was, and still is, a beautiful, precise, noble, and oh -so- hard language to learn well. Especially in speaking!. Christ, It's hard! (at least for me). Ave, Graecus Valkirius, morituri te salutant! Vale.

[@Sssssssht]

you are a genius my friend tried 2 explain this exact thing yesterday he was supposedly teaching me i got annoyed with it i found the ignore section of you're text and i find it helps me with lots of stuff!! Thank you

[@dhya60]

I started this video in 2016 and finished in 2017

[@hirightnow]

What's the future like?

[@Rice1is1nice]

Happy new Year!

[@trip2themoon]

Party animal.

[@RoseBudpony1]

3 months ago?

[@kellyetoussaint6349]

Dhya Eddine El Bahri WHAT DO YOU MEAN?

[@lvberger]

Finally someone who doesn't just straight up ignore Sardinian being its own language! My father is 100% Sardinian, and is therefore also 100% Italian. He grew up in Germany, speaking 3 different languages, Italian and Sardinian from his parents, and German from pretty much everywhere else. Technically, my dad is 200% instead of 100%, and therefore gives me 33% of each, Italian and Sardinian, while my mother (who is German) gives me only 33% German. Sooo, technically I have 3 nationalities. I absolutely love the Sardinian island, culture, food, language, and everything else, and we go there every year for our summer vacation. We feel right at home there, and it's really nice to finally have someone actually know about it and pull up the Sardinian flag. I wish you all the best, and thank you for reading

[@utube11235]

Aha, caught you at the last "Caesar"! :D It was pronounced "Kaisar" in Latin ;) Thank you for the fun and informative video. I've always wondered about how we know the pronunciations of such ancient languages.

[@KastaRules]

You should make a whole episode on that *ANVS*. It think that it is far more important than people think it is.

[@beniuhdmi3084]

In Poland we study Alcocholism and building, and also how to get a visa.

[@VaultGirl-]

Hahahahahaha! In Sweden we study First World Problems and Seeing No Fucking Sunlight Ever

[@conlaiarla]

Sounds like a holistic education.

[@beluwuga2573]

@@VaultGirl- better than learning how to make a surrender speech in French

[@Angel666xo]

Green Man laughs in Deutsch

[@marcelo497]

@@VaultGirl- Believe me, it is better to study first world problems than studying third world problems like here in Brazil

[@paedoecus]

As it seems, Arabic has saved some of the original Latin pronunciation in proper names like "Qaysar" which is "Caesar" oder "Siqiliya" which is "Sicily".

[@CantateDomino373]

Just to alleviate confusion: The “Qaysar” sounds like the German “Kaiser”. Transliterated and translated, it may appear like how we now say it as “See-Zar”, but the Arabic points to it being like “Kai-sar”. The Q in Arabic isn’t actually a Q in its letter or sound; that’s just how its romanized in transliteration. It’s sound is more like a deep K or C. Think of it as the first sound in saying “Cough”. (Standard Arabic, not colloquial).

[@SithLord2066]

That's good info. Another confirmation, Latin C was always the hard "K" sound. Kikero, not Sisero.

[@hershkrukover7846]

well, in hebrew ceasar is kesar or keisar

[@goran2268]

Unlike both the german kaiser and the english seezar, in Swedish it's kejsare and is pronounced like "shaysare".

[@Phed98]

Sicily is a greek word, it was called Sikelìa by ancient greeks

[@dukeon]

This channel rocks so hard. Thanks for so many quality videos!

[@exnuraklux6055]

I give you other examples of how the C sounded like K since I'm sardinian and we call the sky = Chelu, pronounced Kelu (Coelum in latin) or 100 = Chentu, pronounced Kentu (Centum in latin). My professor of latin linguistic teached us the V in latin wasn't not a V like in italian, neither a U but a labial way of middle between a V and a B, becoming a dominant V in italian for example or a dominant B in sardinian.

[@GholaTleilaxu]

So...like the Spanish "V"?

[@beagletv6054]

It's spelled caelum not coelum.

[@beatriceportinari5186]

I'm Sardinian too

[@AP-pk9gw]

You all: "I'm sardinian" Me : 🐟?

[@beatriceportinari5186]

A P lol

[@jared_1867]

Went to Catholic school growing up and always learned the method of hard V and C as CH...first session of Latin at college and they started reciting "wenee, weedee, weekee". I was very lost for the first couple days.

[@madjames1134]

Catholic Church speak Latin as spoken by Constantine, not Latin as spoken by Julius Caesar. Languages change...

[@alessandropaleologo1534]

@@madjames1134 *as spoken by plebs. Restituta pronunciation was the one of the upper class

[@sephikong8323]

You just got the basic case of Classical vs Ecclesiastical The church speaks it's own kind of Latin that is actually alive and quite different from the classical one, notably in that it's basically just Latin pronounced like an Italian would

[@chinamanandfriends]

So how did the original Valyrians pronounce Valar Morghulis?

[@urmorph]

Judging by some of the comments here, it was probably pronounced "You shithead, you don't know a fucking thing."

[@antred11]

+WJohnM Is that the vulgar version of "You know nothing, John Snow"?

[@stalker45able]

+antred11 10/10

[@magnvsmarcvs]

Bunga , bunga

[@stixoimatizontas]

I think it's Malar Vorghulis

[@PaulWallis]

Love this! Keep it coming. Peace, Paul

[@Taeschno_Flo]

I have the feeling, that its easier to learn Latin if you dont speak english. (like me as german)

[@amonraii7273]

If you can already speak German, then any language is cake!

[@emilko62]

Including the asian and slavic ones?

[@amonraii7273]

emilko62 No language trolls you with words the length of your arm

[@amonraii7273]

+Jaan Joosep Puusaag You saying that it has a word longer than this? Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz

[@peterhacke9619]

Gross! But what about that Welsh place...? Llanfairpwll­gwyngyllgogery­chwyrndrobwll­llantysilio­gogogoch(go ahead and count it, i would really like to know ;) Although it must seem like the same if you do not understand it.

[@johndriscoll7803]

If I understand history correctly, the Latin we are taught in schools was a literary or “proper “ version of Latin if you will, and was spoken mainly by the upper classes and the educated. The language that the majority of Romans actually spoke was a version of Latin known as “vulgar” and was considerably different.

[@ferenc-x7p]

It's much like British English (supposed proper English) vs American English (vulgar).

[@VelkanAngels]

@@ferenc-x7p - Yeah, we were taught "proper English" all the way through school. Then I got internet in my mid-teens, found a chat website full of Americans and could hardly understand a frickin' word they said, lmao. Proper English didn't teach me jack about communicating with the average native English/American-speaker xP. Fortunately, said chat site turned out to be an excellent way of learning it, for better and for worse.

[@weirdlanguageguy]

@@ferenc-x7p more like formal and informal English

[@weirdlanguageguy]

Vulgar latin is just latin that doesn't use proper grammar. Even the latin bible is technically vulgar latin

[@thethrashyone]

Vulgar Latin was the same Latin that everybody else spoke, just with a bit of grammatical corner cutting and unique vocabulary that likely started out as slang. It definitely wasn't anywhere close to being its "own language" as a lot of people seem to assert these days. It's no different from the English people on the streets speak vs. the English you'll see on a ballot or some other kind of standardized, "plain English" document. PolýMATHY has a pretty good video about it.

[@larryclark9380]

Very good. Thank you for this lesson. Just purchased a leather bound book printed in 1779 written in Latin. I do have one other fat book written in parallel in Latin and English. Don’t know how far I can get in my lifetime learning Latin, but even caterpillars eventually get to where they wanted to go. Unless a bird eats them. I subscribed and will look for other materials you have posted. Have a good “1”

[@ericktellez7632]

Are we going to ignore the “puto” at the start? (Is a bad word in spanish and portuguese)

[@drogadepc]

As for portuguese it depends a lot. In some regions of Brazil "puto" is a guy who's pissed off, while in some other regions it can be a slang for money.

[@tubemankiwi]

In portugal puto can mean a male kid, "bro" or as the brazilian person said, it can be also being pissed off. It's contextual, much like many other works.

[@Neg-Ros]

Puto in the Philippines is a native delicacy...

[@BobZed]

Are you maybe thinking of puta? Note that in Spanish, if the word ends in an O you're not talking about a woman.

[@siraethelwulf8914]

@@BobZed Any of those is considered a bad word. A "puta" is vulgar for a female prostitute, a "puto" is a male one, often used as a slur/vulgar way to refer to gays. In Spanish that is. Portuguese seems to vary as the other comments have pointed out.

[@alfredscoggins3206]

Exactly, we needed a longish passage at the end in real Latin to appreciate it.

[@Jennifer-is8bv]

Huh, maybe most Catholic schools teach Latin. I also learned it at mine. In 8th grade, we had to take Latin, French, and Spanish. Latin was actually really enjoyable. I took Italian in high school. Italian was definitely my favorite. #InfoYouDontNeed #ButIAmOfferingItAnyway

[@cecillianhater]

#hashtagsarentneededandarekindacringe

[@mattia3710]

So glad you included the Sardinian language. Such a great video!

[@giorgia__9602]

I don't know about other countries, but a lot of things in this video - such as the K sound of C, the long and short sound of vowels and how they should be pronounced etc. - are taught in those Italian high schools where you can study Latin. Nonetheless I didn't know many other things, so thank you for this video! :)

[@MrShnazer]

Italian is street Latin back in the day.

[@jmbbao]

Italian has many latin words but italian, spanish, french are not latin. Look the verbs, latin doesn't conjugate them as spanish, italian, french does. Latin influenced the existent language that then derived on all these "romanic" languages, but that language was probably one that we don't know today.

[@BortolanAlexandre]

no it's not

[@antoniolucena7304]

Nop

[@caroteenutella]

+jmbbao is right. Also Romanian is a romanic language, even if Romania is not so close to Italy, France and Spain

[@doodledodood661]

wasnt italian from lombard language ? germanic tribe lombard ? im not history buff so im not sure

[@GregoryTheGr8ster]

The great vowel shift really threw English spelling into a tizzy.

[@urmorph]

A 1:1 match would require 45 or 46 letters in English. Good luck.

[@JohnSmith-pm3ew]

+Evi1M4chine There'd be a conflict between British English and American English. The vowels are pronounced very differently. Even if they didn't use the same system, I guarantee you British spelling would be virtually unintelligible to an American speaker.

[@Atlas-pn6jv]

+WJohnM I'm all for adding some new letters to English. Let's throw in a Θ for our words like Think and a Ð for our words like There. Θink and Ðere. English made easy.

[@GregoryTheGr8ster]

Atlas Broadshoulder You are brilliant!

[@GregoryTheGr8ster]

Caleb Hubbell It's scary, but it has to be done.

[@mygetawayart]

and as an Italian, who was forced to study latin for quite a few years, i must say...y'all got lucky, it has been (at least for me) one of the hardest tasks i ever had to do.

[@unFayemous]

My Getaway I had two years of mandatory Latin and was very happy when it was over. Still have a booklet full of proverbia latina at home though.

[@Hosigie]

unFayemous mind if I ask where are you from?

[@unFayemous]

Mia P not at all! I'm Swiss.

[@Hosigie]

unFayemous Oh that's interesting. I guess most of central European countries have mandatory Latin then. I'm glad I'm not suffering alone hahah

[@unFayemous]

Mia P it's not mandatory for everyone, only if you do 6 years of grammar school, you have to take latin for the first 2 years. You can also decide to switch to ancient greek after that for the next 4 years. 💁 it's a complicated system but as everyone knows, there's nothing the Swiss love more than complicated bureaucracy 🙄😂😂

[@Jan_Koopman]

Latin pronouncing the /c/ as [k] is also supported by the fact that the German "Kaiser" (emperor) and the Dutch "keizer" (emperor) both come from the Latin "Caesar" (emperor), which - if c = k - would be pronounced similarly to both.

[@Aeterna71]

Also Muslims have "Kayzer" means emperor, Mehmed the Conqueror calls himself "Kayzer-i Rum" in 15th century which means Roman Emperor.

[@HowlingWolf518]

So the "Romance" languages are actually Jersey Shore Latin? Nothing makes sense anymore.

[@balkenkreuz2063]

seems about right...

[@olstar18]

Makes perfect sense to me. Just look at all the different versions there are of english and that only had a century or two to break up before radio and then tv started bringing it back together.

[@StevenOsburnHollywood]

Yes you are right. Carpe (Karp pay) diem. Nuevos ordos seclorum. English (In glish) is still stealing from other languages today. Why do people say "Eanglish?"

[@MarkLomod]

Terribilis est!

[@gosonegr]

Latin is a rigid and difficult lenguaje even if you're "fluent", for your every day life you don't use academic terms, thay doesn't means is accetable to go around screaming "Yoooooooooooo Broooooooo"

[@lilitharam44]

What this video sounds like to laymen like me: ""If you have 4 pencils and I have 7 apples, how many pancakes would fit on the roof? Purple, because aliens don't wear hats."

[@chipschannel9494]

Hahahahaha

[@siyacer]

Random funny

[@lilitharam44]

@ShadeyBladey Please do! I can't take credit for it though, it comes from a joke about a math word problem!

[@buzzbladz7142]

Will use, thank you Lilith

[@DN-ps4bn]

I thought your comment was funny because pizza on my table topper microwave isn’t juicy and pixelated freezer has my frosty trombone.

[@Lemonz1989]

I find it interesting that English has such a weird pronounciation of its letters, while many other, more isolated, Germanic languages pronounce their letters closer to what many Romance languages do. Like with the letter "a" in English, while almost all other Germanic languages that I'm familiar with pronounce it closer to the English "ah".

[@FSantoro91]

Let's say that French people after 1066 fu**ed the system up, and the Great Vowel Shift did the rest. Still, English words of Germanic origin are much more regular in pronunciation than English words of Latin or Greek origin...

[@anonUK]

Have a look at the vowels in Northumbrian dialects: Geordie and Scots. For the opposite effect, have a look at the consonants in the Scouse accent (Liverpool).

[@urmorph]

Of course the philologists like to blame it on The Great Vowel Shift, which isn't as nasty as it sounds. Actually we do it to confuse foreigners, who tend to laugh at us because we have almost no grammar and still get it wrong.

[@Lemonz1989]

WJohnM Omg, lol. :D

[@RobertSeviour1]

'the letter "a" in English' In German, 'a' can sound like English word (u)nder - example 'm(a)n bin ich muede' Or it can be like (a)h, so that's what you mean. Example 'frag mich nicht warum'. And it even can sound just like the English as in h(a)t, example 'Ich hass dich wie die Pest'. There is a curious phenomenon in the way many Germans pronounce 'a' in English these days. The make it sound like an 'e' as in 'egg'. Thus Manchester becomes 'Menchester' and band is pronounced 'bend' and so on. Telling offenders here of their mistake is a waste of time since they hear the aforementioned eh' sound in the media every day, so they adamantly insist that they are right and I, an English person, is wrong. Duh!

[@alexanderboulton2123]

If you think about it, there's a reason that w is vv instead of uu. And "multum" is always spelled like "mvltvm." My mom's Aunt Tillie (who was Lithuanian) used to say, "Eat your Wegetables!" The "vuh" sound (v), "uwh" sound (u), "yuh" sound (y), and "wuh" sound (w) are not that far off if you think about it. It all goes back to the ancient Phoenecian "Y" or waw. Which kind of sounded like "uwvh". All those noises. All at once.

[@uhohhotdog]

Wouldn't it vary just like English pronunciation varies from the hundreds of accents?

[@RedFormanOG]

Uhohhotdog Gaming You have the perfect dp for that comment xD

[@theAmdisen391]

duh?

[@lovezorange33]

Oh, definitely-especially at the height of the Roman Empire, which stretched over thousands of miles and many different nations with their own languages. In fact, I bet there was even an accent difference between rich and poor Romans within the city of Rome itself.

[@BigBad-Wolf]

He's talking specifically about proper Latin, genius, not Vulgar Latin.

[@uhohhotdog]

Big Bad Wolf there is no proper way to say things. It's what society says it is. If we all agree "big bad wolf" is pronounced " asshole" then that's what it is.

[@mcsimeonthefin]

anus, annus and aanus XD

[@JazziopeiaGirl]

hahaha I saw that too.

[@PorcupineTheOneandOnly]

lol

[@PolyMadd]

Now, I've put the like, but I really didn't hear how latin sounded like... :(

[@mezzoly]

I know, he does a lot of research but doesn’t let us hear much of what he says we are going to hear. :(

[@AlinePascholati]

What amazing channel!

[@MartianCZ]

title is What Latin Sounded Like - instead I hear only english, talk in latin!

[@metanomad9022]

i was waiting all the video for the part when the casual latin conversation would start.

[@lulutyfoon4066]

Me too!!!

[@gordonshan]

He did, at the beginning and end. The correct pronunciation.

[@MKNinja]

Fuck off

[@luisgentil]

Come on, if you want an example of a conversation in the reformed or classical Latin pronunciation, search for classical spoken Latin on YT and you'll find it. The reformed pronunciation is well known and any Latin student has already heard it. That's why the video focused on how have scholars come up with this reformed pronunciation, as opossed to the ecclesiastical Latin that has been used for centuries.

[@vermalreik4646]

:D This (the step from latin to romance) reminds me part of a Mester de Clerecía poem from Spain I like (medieval literature composed by clergymen). Clergy used to write in latin but this one says: "Quiero fer una prosa en román paladino, En qual suele el pueblo fablar a su vecino, Ca non so tan letrado por fer otro latino: Bien valdrá, como creo, un vaso de bon vino." = I want to do a prose in roman paladino (= colloquial language: Roman, Romance, or Medieval Spanish) with which ordinary people talk to their neighbors; Well, I'm not cultured enough to write this in Latin. [My telling you this story] will be well worth, as I think, a glass of good wine.

[@bert9201]

i was lost throughout your entire video!

[@derekedwards5390]

I just found your channel an I love it. I love you I really wish you were still making video's!!!!! Very good production quality and you're voice is very relaxing....... Hope to see some new videos soon!!!

[@d.austinvaughan773]

So I guess the Latin that Caesars legion were speaking was perfect pronunciation after all. "Caesar" being pronounced "kaesar" now makes sense.

[@SomeoneFarted]

D. Austin Vaughan That thought had just arose into my mind seconds before reading this. What a coincidence.

[@DangerRussDayZ6533]

It's also re validated by looking what the Germans pre WWII called their emperor..Kaiser

[@Ianthe22]

[@nidalthuus232]

Bill.

[@aimeeweaver8364]

And here I had been laughing every time someone in the game pronounced it that way. Partway through this video, I recalled the game and a small lightbulb turned on.

[@KYNGA100]

Roses are red Violets are blue I was tricked by the title And so were you

[@KYNGA100]

@@haaa6236 Roses are red Violets are blue I did enjoy it But my words were true

[@KYNGA100]

@@haaa6236 Roses are red Violets are blue Worry not my friend It's nice talking to you

[@PatheticApathetic]

No, I got pretty much what I expected out of this

[@LearningWithEkaterina]

it was entertaining to watch anywy)

[@gisliofeigsson3408]

Latin as a language is as dead as dead can be. It killed the ancient Romans and now it is killing me.

[@derelchgnom7998]

If you pronounce latin words the way you would pronounce them in german it actually sounds the way it sounded back then.

[@lxddey6969]

right, i‘m german and noticed that too

[@Lodorn]

mostly anyway. Apparently the romans didn't pronounce it always the same, like the short i which sounds more like è, if you believe the video. But it comes much closer than english for example.

[@seethrough_treeshrew]

No. No, it doesn't.

[@valenesco45]

This is retarded lol. If anything else, italian should be the passport to how latin sounded like, thanks to the church who still uses latin. Of course latin must have changed in pronunciation during middle age, but it's still not proven that VENI VIDI VICI was read as WENI WEEDI WIKI, so as Caesar read as KAESAR.

[@sergeantsharkseant]

@valenesco45 have you Even watched the Video?

[@rodrigohag]

I don't understand the surprise. The German word for emperor is Kaiser. In Russia, the word used for emperor is Czar. So... Both borrowings from the word Caesar. It makes perfect sense that Caesar was in the past pronounced with a hard C.

[@huixuankong]

i was expecting 5 mins of garbled gibberish

[@TiroDvD]

Ah yes, misspellings, the gold mine of pronusiashons.

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

It's still not as complicated as enchantment table language

[@mariafe7050]

That's a video game idiot!

[@n1kk10ch1r]

@@mariafe7050 it's a joke

[@cheshirecat7819]

Actually there's a translation for that, and I still haven't figured out what do they mean :/

[@riadachkar]

Hello again haha.

[@artemtsarevskiy2785]

Are there multiple of you because you're everywhere

[@mercedesaschenbrenner9352]

Awesome!!! Love your channel!!! 👍🏼❤️

[@drd6893]

Grew up in Catholic Church, everything was read in latin Then taking latin in highschool for college..etc etc... The instructor claiming that it is a dead language UNSPEAKABLE... WAT?! the priests read from the Bible in Latin... So strange... Because I'm a biochemist, chemist and biologist, science is written in.... Latin! So much for dead!

[@fernandobanda5734]

"Science is written in Latin". You mean they take a few words and use them as names. Nobody in their right mind would actually write scientific stuff in Latin.

[@WatchingMyLifeFlashB]

Fernando Banda If you hang around science geeks, you'll find your very mistaken in that statement. Latin is a secret language to the masses, but bonds the priesthood & the science geeks & doctors & lawyers. It's their secret language code.

[@kevinphillips150]

irish K Latin is a dead language in that it does not evolve into a vernacular as a romance language does. This is a good thing.

[@EmpressLilith222]

Fernando Banda took a “few words” and used them as “names”??? Um no. Take a university course in medical terminology and you’ll see that nearly the entire medical industry is based on Latin. From anatomy to directives, nearly all of medicine is in Latin. They are not “names” and it’s not just “a few”. 🙄

[@fernandobanda5734]

꧁ Jess ꧂ Okay, sorry about the rushed judgment. I'm familiar with science but not medicine in particular. I did some research and though it seems Latin phrases are widely used, they remain that: phrases, names, nouns or noun phrases, maybe adverbs. Or am I wrong and is Latin actually used as such to publish, grammar, conjugation, declensions, etc.?