Disappearance of a Star in Andromeda Solves a Major Mystery

[@scotth6814]

I'm showing my age here, but I remember way back when I was in university, the first computer models of supernova candidate stars couldn't get the explosion to work. The collapsing star always failed to explode. The modelers were perplexed about what they were doing wrong. Ironic that it now turns out that in same cases, they were getting it right.

[@chaosopher23]

Another type of stellar collapse, implies there are a lot more black holes than previously thought. A subnova?

[@jaymxu]

​@@chaosopher23Lol what? You mean Type 2 Supernova?

[@ArionXeno]

@@jaymxuvery nearly. Some stars start something like a Type II supernova but the core becomes sufficiently massive it collapses directly into a black hole. Very little, if any, explosion is visible.

[@metatechnologist]

​@@chaosopher23No. It's called a dudnova.

[@jaymxu]

@@ArionXeno I see what you mean but, they become red dwarfs, more like, usually a supernova, both type 1 and 2, are very bright, and then decline either slowly, or linearly, meaning... If the star is as bright as we see, aka supernova, that means it has already exploded or collapsed. And the brightness seeing is the explosion, so basically, the explosion happened, but the power of the core or black hole or neutron star left behind is just so heavy that the explosion almost stays put, and then retracts quickly, well, still takes years before it vanishes. So basically still a Type 2. Just a different way of physical reactions probably. We will have to wait and see I think until it's confirmed. I think that's why there's still no name for it.

[@RickTheClipper]

The Vogons are working on an interstellar Highway

[@benyomovod6904]

Don't panic

[@edwardneilsen2139]

Not worried, I have my towel

[@nilo70]

The Fiends !

[@jamesgeckle489]

That seems infinitely improbable.

[@Mr.Ekshin]

It's just a breaker. Get a flashlight and check the fusebox.

[@AceSpadeThePikachu]

This could also explain the mystery of the black hole mass gap, where previous models suggested certain masses of black holes simply couldn't form from supernova due to the mechanism of pair-instability completely destroying everything and leaving no remnant. While those types of supernova probably do still happen, we now see a mechanism for black holes of any stellar mass to form. It would help explain why LIGO keeps finding mergers of black holes who's masses didn't make sense. And if this happened to the still theoretical Population 3 stars that could have had masses in the tens of thousands to possibly hundreds of thousands of masses of the Sun those could have provided the first heavy seeds for what would become the supermassive black holes that galaxies quickly formed around. So it may solve three mysteries in one.

[@stargazer5784]

The whole mass gap issue might well be an artifact of our observing techniques. There seems to have been a mechanism at play, staring us in the face, that we hadn't learned to recognize yet. Additionally, there may be several possible scenarios that can result in the same end product, a direct collapse black hole. You mentioned that pop 3 stars of incredible mass could have been the seeds of the SMBHs residing at the cores of galaxies... What if that's what happened to virtually all of them? Imagine, in the early universe, clouds that contain millions or billions of solar masses of hydrogen, with a concentration of immense size developing very rapidly at or near the center. Before a black hole even forms, it's very widespread gravitational potential might disrupt the collapse of any similar sized objects within the same cloud, tearing them apart as it becomes the 800 lb. gorilla in the room, in a manner of speaking. Once the SMBH finally forms and the gravitational field becomes much more compact in size, the rest of the cloud settles down, and more 'normal' sized stars begin to form. Maybe?

[@MJT.Roofing]

Awesome you’ve gotten up to 1.3 million subs. Love the content, I always learn something

[@walternullifidian]

I love it when we find out that we don't fully understand something, because that means we have something more to learn!

[@phiend2248]

It’s amazing how much we don’t know…

[@Kevin-hb7yq]

This.

[@davidhoward4715]

@@phiend2248 It's also amazing how much we do know.

[@Rishi123456789]

>because that means we have something more to learn! We always have something more to learn. Life would be boring otherwise.

[@another3997]

​@@davidhoward4715 Perhaps more accurately, it's amazing how much we THINK we know.

[@luudest]

amazing that so many go from super nova to black hole

[@Bob1934-l6d]

What amazes me is the idea that this happened about 2.5 million years ago and we are seeing it today.

[@AxionSmurf]

That star finally got to use its PTO.

[@bcubed72]

Power Take Off? Paid Time Off?

[@JdeBP]

​@@bcubed72Please Turn Over.

[@lethargogpeterson4083]

​@@bcubed72Paid Time Off. It saved it up never vacationing for a looong time.

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

And then it will run through any available sick days.

[@jimcurtis9052]

Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 🙂👍

[@rezadaneshi]

The only thing that makes it bearable to not having been born 500 years from now, is Anton!

[@mynamejef7963]

And penjamin

[@fariesz6786]

imagine we learn to predict exactly to the hour when Betegeuse is going to expire.. and then, while everyone's watching, it just just fizzles out like an old lightbulb 👀

[@JustInCase_007]

Just imagine billions of these little guys running around our galaxy without care. Terrifying.

[@axle.student]

I don't know, If one came close I would be tempted to jump in for a look inside lol

[@jm131719]

very interesting, Science contiually surprises us...Thank goodness. Well dne and tjanks, wonderful Antion!

[@mw-th9ov]

The implication of the disappearing stars collapsing into small black holes is that there are more black holes than previously expected making BHs possible dark matter candidates.

[@Reiman33]

Not even close. The mass disparity is far greater than you realize Dark matter outnumbers regular matter to such a high degree there would have to be more balck holes than hydrogen atoms in the universe. Dark matter must be something else not discovered yet.

[@NullHand]

Black holes as dark matter has always been a candidate, because they fit the profile so well. But they do have a "tell", and that is gravitational lensing. In short, if black holes of traditional stellar size are a large dark matter component, our surveys should be seeing a LOT more gravitational lensing events than they do.

[@lasarith2]

@@Reiman33I’m leaning toward the Sterile neutrino or some other form of neutrinos.

[@BishopStars]

Dark matter is simply 4d entropy

[@rickdeckard4213]

The bulb in the spotlight has burned out and needs changing, you know, like in the film The Truman Show. 😁

[@loneIyboy15]

I really like the outro for these videos.

[@tylerdurdin8069]

Nov 2nd I seen what had to be a supernova in the night sky yet I couldn't find any thing online about it. My friend even got a picture of it. Lasted an hour then disappeared. How many we miss because we ain't looking.

[@Rauschgenerator]

I always wondered more about how a supernova can even have a black hole as a remnant. Especially since it was discovered that you need that shock of the neutrinos, echoing from the dense but inert inner core and pushing all that material outwards, hence getting that explosion. And when the inner core collapses to a black hole, how would it even be possible that a supernova explosion can take place, wheren there is no inner resistance at all that could prevent the immense pressure from just collapsing inwards.

[@DavidPaulNewtonScott]

The material heading outwards is exterior to the event horizon.

[@Flesh_Wizard]

The neutrinos being emitted before the horizon takes form is the only explanation I can understand for this

[@hangender]

Its not reapers. Its always not reapers.

[@annapierce8666]

It's *Reapers* 🧟‍♀️

[@WhoisTheOtherVindAzz]

Until it is

[@sneeringimperialist6667]

Or so the Reaper agents would have us believe!

[@dephenistratordephenistrat8510]

ASSUMING DIRECT CONTROL! (star dissappears)

[@undertow2142]

Sounds like something a reaper would say.

[@infinitumneo840]

Whenever I see 137, as in 1.37M subs, I think the fine structure constant, which is 1/137. Without this number, atoms wouldn't exist, and our physical laws would be totally different. This fact is a bit of mystery to physists.

[@edwardneilsen2139]

The fine structure constant. A fun read.

[@rabaaquest5787]

Indeed

[@ETLee-db6cn]

So... the answer isn't 42 ... it's 137!

[@TicTac2]

why is the fine structure constant more significant than say the gravitational constant? Is it because the fine structure constant is dimensionless and we might expect it to equal 1?

[@darylbrown8834]

Natura naturans doesn't own any measuring devices and does not care about numbers.

[@anthonyalfredyorke1621]

Thanks Anton, another MYSTERY!! You have a wonderful week. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.

[@RichieRichJPN]

Back in 2017, I was staring at the night sky and was looking at random constellations. One of the stars suddenly became a starburst and disappeared all of a sudden. Went outside every night for the next week and never seen the star come back. Was in the Camel constellation.

[@nigeldepledge3790]

If you mean Camelopardis, that's a giraffe.

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

@@nigeldepledge3790 Camel leopard - of course!

[@ElecTrev]

Fascinating as ever Anton (wonderful person), thank you so much!

[@sshhii]

Petition to rename failed supernova to wimplosion

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

Not signing on. I back Nonova.

[@DamonNeri]

The expression of an explosion is alwasys dependent upon the external environment it occurs in.😊

[@Mr.Ekshin]

Have they tried changing the bulb? Or it could be a breaker... someone check the fuse box.

[@another3997]

I imagine it's expression was one of disappointment... it had been building up to a huge firework display, and then the fuse went out.

[@Voltastik]

You inspired me to make my own Science YT channel. Thank you! 💛

[@davidgiffordsr.930]

Off topic, but just thought of it again. When I wad very young saw something in the sky that amazed me. I yelled out that I saw a bird with it's tail on fore. My brother told everyone I had seen a meteorite. I think he was likely correct.

[@joearnold6881]

That was a pigeon with its tail on fire.

[@davidsault9698]

I think most disappearing stars disappear because they are comprised of too much heavy elements from previous stars, elements that do not fusion and so when the star does collapse, the outgoing shock wave has nothing to fusion to continue the explosion and as a result the star collapses to a black hole. They do not consider that stars, on forming have a varying density of previously formed heavy elements and that that varying density of heavy elements alters the collapse potential of stars.

[@chaosopher23]

Another type of stellar collapse discovered, way cool!

[@brrrayday]

Pretty sure something like this happened in Helldivers 2

[@davidripley2916]

I'd tell a Neutrino joke , but it would just go right through your head. . .

[@MorganBrown]

In one ear and out the other 😂

[@RobertGriffith9]

There's a dark matter joke here, but you wouldn't be able to see it

[@Mr_Glenn]

This is just a whole string of bad puns.

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

@@Mr_Glenn That’s just your theory.

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

01:00 Dyson spheres would dim the star gradually, I think. It takes a lot of time to build the structures which then absorb ever more of the visible, UV and so on, replacing it with infrared (actually, a Dyson sphere should be bright in the infrared).

[@yomogami4561]

interesting thanks anton for the video mind i'm hoping for at least one dyson sphere or swarm

[@MCsCreations]

Unnovae? Fascinating!

[@steveschunk5702]

Subternova

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

Nonova

[@noelstarchild]

So pleased to hear this super-neutrino flux answer. No trying to imagine the sheer amount of neutrinos needed and it is mindbogglingly huge. Thanks for the info Mr. Petrov.

[@FrancisFjordCupola]

The mystery of all the missing socks ever? They suddenly collided with a star and merged into a black hole?

[@EdwardGatey]

Washing machines need a serious grinder to shred those lost socks. Better solution, put your socks in a mesh bag before washing.

[@another3997]

​@@EdwardGateyBut then if a black hole forms, you lose all your socks AND thr mesh bag.

[@DawnDavidson]

According to Dave Barry (IIRC), socks are the larval form of wire coat hangers. Think about it ….

[@erika8357]

Someone didn't pay the electric bill and all star power was gone.. 😆 There is a workaround for the missing sock syndrome: buy several identical sock pairs and since one single sock leaves our spacetime during every wash, you just have to wait until after next wash and you will have an even number of socks again 🤪

[@yvonnemiezis5199]

Fascinating, thanks Anton 👍❤🐜

[@harleyjanev7119]

thats it, im writing my own theory of everything, damnit! clearly this is a matter of "spacetime is not distributed evenly". if the space is compressed and the time advanced, or the time is compressed but the space advanced, then you have completely different results to what we have in the local area. honestly, i dont believe there is a theory to everything, i believe all the forces are basically measured by a spectrum and thus almost infinitely applicable to any desired number of outcomes from a large set of universal functions. i believe there are more forces than just the currently termed ones. and the number would be pretty high considering the vastness of the universe itself, regardless of any potential for things outside/other universes.

[@GeneoftheWorld]

we are free to critically question and still remain a wonderful person. Although this word u use --- "theory" requires evidence based methods, do you alternatively mean hypothesis which is testable, or conjecture which is yet to be testable?

[@stevenrn6640]

As we see more and more of the universe, the simulation loses a bit and it gets lost in the bit bucket.

[@axle.student]

Sometime I find it perplexing considering the short geological age of the universe that we have got through enough star collapses (considering how many end up black holes) and the time for those compact remnants to get broken up into pieces that we have such an abundance of heavy elements.

[@doltsbane]

Just the time scale should tell you it's not aliens building Dyson Spheres. A Dyson Sphere is a megastructure the size of the Inner Solar System, that's not the sort of thing you can knock together in only a few years.

[@robo5013]

Just fact that they are BS SciFi crap and not real would tell you that wasn't what happened.

[@Reiman33]

You would be surprised how fast Von Neumann probes can theoretically dome over or cloud over a star with solar collectors

[@robo5013]

How about the fact that Dyson Spheres are SciFi make believe to clue you in on that's not what's happening.

[@fakestory1753]

Dyson sphere should still emitt infrared light?

[@SubLordHawk]

​@Reiman33 It's essentially the grain of rice doubled every day for the month. As long as the technology and resources are there, speed is the easy part.

[@tomholroyd7519]

Density slowly increases as fusion happens ... then a phase transition occurs

[@steffanreichenbach3124]

Just a Question, when this coverting to a black hole is correct, shouldn´t there been a gravity lense effect , that can be detected ??

[@huanhoundofthevailinor2374]

Once again we think we have something figured out the universe is like your puny little mind will never understand me

[@osmosisjones4912]

The fermi paradox is our own rule its never aliens

[@sarahnachtrose]

The whole mass does not become a black hole at once. It has probably been a black hole for some time, and what was still thought to be a star was the accretion disc of the last remnants of the star's outer shell. The images are quite pixelated. At this resolution it would be hard to tell if there were jets to prove it.

[@Jack-xc2ys]

Maybe it started moving quickly when the red frequency increased. Redband can give clues the stars direction and speed in relation to our own. Maybe it sprouted a solar jet or found a gravity gradient that changed it's motion and state. Maybe the light path had obstruction and its image can return?

[@petercole4573]

You would think that if the star was rotating that the formed black hole would create an energetic accretion disk that creates forceful jets that could easily be seen. Perhaps if the star wasn't rotating then no energetic accretion disk resulting in nothing to be seen. Was the star rotating?

[@stargazer5784]

All stars do rotate, but an accretion disk requires a source of incoming material to maintain itself. If the majority of the star's mass collapsed, that doesn't leave much behind to form a disk from, and what might still be there would be rapidly consumed.

[@memyname1771]

If there is a problem understanding supernovas or supernovae, might that also indicate that they might not be the ideal constant to measure the universe?

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

A not-so-standard candle.

[@stevenkarnisky411]

Our theories always get modified over time. The fewer the ways to make black holes, the safer I will feel. Thank you, Anton.

[@CC-gg4oj]

A wise person said; "It's never aliens."

[@MephiticMiasma]

imagining stars disappearing like the last doughnut in the box somehow makes me happy

[@nursejim2129]

The mystery was solved quite a while ago. The washing machine, along with eating random socks, has been eating random stars as well.

[@Jefuslives]

That star was only one sock mass short of becoming a black hole.

[@Jah_Rastafari_ORIG]

Or...OR...what you end up with is a King Crimson album cover (6:43)...

[@scottdorfler2551]

Careful mixing weed and Crimson. It's been known to leave young people in semi-catatonic states that can last for weeks. The 73-74 Crimson is especially dangerous. "Larks' Tongues in Aspic," "Starless and Bible Black," and "Red." Stole a year from me in my late teens.

[@rwesenberg]

Could their visibility be due to gravitational lensing, but after a time, the gravity field changes (because of mass movement?), so that the star dims until it is below the observable threshold.

[@Jefuslives]

If the collapse absorbed the shockwave, we should look for measurable reverberations around the object. Could provide valuable info

[@jameshattingh]

Imagine our star just turning into a blackhole 😰😰😰nightmare fuel

[@MarinCipollina]

Our sun lacks enough mass to ever turn into a black hole. You should sleep peacefully.

[@another3997]

​@@MarinCipollinaThat's the theory, but then the universe is forever reminding us that we get things wrong all the time. 😂

[@mike74h]

Since the T Coronae Borealis nova prediction hasn't panned out, there's clearly room for improvement in understanding supernovae. So much is mere theory.

[@amokjok]

Interesting! Is it possible to see black holes against the background of relic radiation? Is the vacuum next to a sleeping black hole colder than the relic radiation?

[@mureebe1]

The disappearance of low mass stars is really intriguing.

[@dexterisabo3137]

It's the difference between stepping on a balloon and stepping on a whoopie cushion. I bet you'd hear the difference if sound worked in space.

[@getreal2977]

Those Nova farts are probably connected to a tight range of (min to max) conditions to make them fizzle out instead of a big boom. Reminded me a bit of nuclear bombs which acted not as expected and fizzled out or were stronger then expected. I am sure that with the better tools there will be a range of different novas discovered until they get their own categories like stars of different sizes.

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

It is interesting to compare the resolutions of Hubble WFPC2, the “star” Andromeda shot with its replacement, WFC3/UVIS of the “no star”. I would guess around a 4X improvement.

[@lennartlopin2276]

Could still be a tech signature: “Yes, stellar manipulation is arguably the most efficient and far-reaching method, particularly when aiming to eliminate all life in a star system comprehensively and indiscriminately. “

[@Sutairn]

Wait does that mean there are even more blackholes out there?

[@Sutairn]

Doesn't it seem we keep finding more and more blackholes out there?

[@stargazer5784]

Yup.

[@Nat-oj2uc]

It means there's more handwaving by so called scientists

[@PlanXV]

Cold be dark light super nova with dark energy shadow and some other quantum property 😌 A higgs maybe 🤔

[@dirtywetdogboatsandsailing6805]

Losing entire stars must be a bit embarrassing - it's bad enough when I lose my house keys........now....where DID i leave that star ?

[@NancyRode-u9i]

🙋🏽‍♀️anton everyday

[@bart2019]

Imagine that there was an inhabited world orbiting a star that just went black hole.

[@kaptainwarp]

I clicked because you did not mug the thumbnail

[@dontactlikeUdonkno]

Maybe this solves dark matter lol if we're seeing stars blink out quite often, that means over 13.8B years, it's been building up a lot of invisible mass...

[@MetaPhysStore0770]

Impotent Nova 😮

[@myaschaefer6597]

What if blackholes are responsible for all disappearing stars? Either direct collapse or wandering blackholes? I would love to see the ratio of disappearing stars to visible as it might shed light on how many blackholes are out there?

[@another3997]

What if they aren't responsible for stars disappearing?

[@myaschaefer6597]

@ Yeah…what if it’s the hungry hungry hippo 🦛? 😆 It’s just a hypothesis…and a rather logical one for the moment all things considered, that we’re currently aware of…unless you have a better explanation? I’d love to hear it?

[@kjanttigvu6887]

Are they able to detect warped space in the vicinity of where an object is supposed to be? That's what I'd be looking for if that tech is available.

[@wyzrdly]

Maybe some process leads to the formation of a black hole within the star, before it collapses. As a result, confining the star and even a supernova, within the evet horizon of the black hole.

[@stalbaum]

Are we going to call it a black nova?

[@reamoinmcdonachadh9519]

Yep, this is it, the first signs of Vogon Activity, the Hitchhiker's Guide is turning out to be NOT a work of Fiction!! LoL

[@VioletSilence]

Humanity: discovers a way to harvest a star's energy with utmost efficiency and even gives it a distinct name Also humanity: never attempts to do so

[@lightningrod1063]

Why mention the fact that the star's mass started out much greater when it was younger? It's like you were about to suggest the star had been shrinking over time, and had finally disappeared. However, if the explanation for disappearing stars remains mysterious, I hope we hear more about it.

[@petepanteraman]

this would make a great star trek episode. wouldn't this be a star fizzling out, like a match head? basically creating a brown dwarf? hmm... this is super cool but it needs confirmation on creating Black holes, imo.

[@Hiddensecret9]

This observation challenges the conventional understanding that massive stars end their lives in supernova explosions, dispersing elements into space and leaving behind neutron stars or black holes. The direct collapse of M31-2014-DS1 into a black hole without an explosion suggests that some massive stars may bypass the supernova stage entirely.

[@another3997]

So, you've just regurgitated what Anton said in the video. Well done, 10 out of 10 for your powers of comprehension, but 1 out of 10 for originality.

[@jamescomstock7299]

Isn't there an unexplained mass gap between neutron stars and black holes? Does this explain that?

[@wheresjaneD2]

Thank you so much

[@philochristos]

It's too bad we can't capture it on video.

[@johnsmith-zy7xg]

More confirmation that what we definitely know, is that we know nothing...

[@charliemorgan5287]

Anton=Consistency

[@haroldhahn7044]

When stars were recorded on film, bubbles in the film emulsion would look like stars in the print.

[@For_What_It-s_Worth]

I was wondering about those prior being false positives, cosmic rays exposing spots on the old plates before developing, etc. I certainly hope they did their due diligence by having independent confirmation of the stars thought to now have disappeared. I can hardly imagine multiple cases of failure to catch such slip-ups. There being infrared remnants is an example of the cross checking in science which prevents most screwball one-off “explanations” from getting traction. Your favorite hypothesis may fit one observation, but not explain the presence (or absence) of another that is logically entailed by the first. One statement of Occam’s Razor is to prefer the simplest of any proposed explanations which equally well fit all the conditions, if there are more than one of apparently equal explanatory power. Even if the flat earth hypothesis, to pick the elephant in the room, could ‘explain’ just as much about all we know as the Newtonian/Einsteinian dynamics do, it would require a horrific number of special case ‘laws’, whereas the gravitational/orbital/etc. model has the (hypothetically equal) explanatory and predictive powers encased in far simpler form, as inverse square equations and such, even if the outworking (e.g. 3-body problem) is still not simple.

[@Iv_john_vI]

if the universe is infinite, there is a small chance that somewhere atoms combine into another Anton Petrov who doesn't smile at the end of his videos.

[@Tom-ru2kv]

So are these extra black holes? I wonder if they contribute to supermassive black holes growing so fast so early

[@gasdive]

I haven't watched this yet, but direct collapse to black hole?

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

If there is not enough energy in a type II's core rebound plus the massive neutrino flux to overcome the star's gravitational binding energy then it can collapse into a BH.

[@another3997]

​@@douglaswilkinson5700 I'll let the universe know that you've unlocked all it's secrets and that it can stop trying to impress us now. I'll let all the physicists and astronomers know too... they can stop looking for alternative explanations and get proper jobs instead. 😂

[@seditt5146]

What would happen if the core rapidly got poisoned but elements heavier or equal to Iron such as a collision with a large planetary core might cause. As fusion kicked up it would eat the energy instead of creating more energy like lighter elements do.

[@entropybear5847]

Starkiller base sucked up the stars.

[@MarkYoung-l8f]

Type 3 SN. E=MC2 + MEV 10*64 / KM3 Which means Matter including Light Cannot escape a strong Nuclear Force Field above a certain level.

[@henrythegreatamerican8136]

Okay, you can blame me for the stars disappearance. I made an evil wish for something to happen to my neighbor and the star was punished by the cosmic star gods for making that wish come true.

[@MAGAWillSaveTheWorld]

Lier!!!! I took it last week to give to my daughter for her homecoming dance.

[@rebeccabasiel1509]

Uh… what happened to your neighbor? 😅

[@henrythegreatamerican8136]

@@rebeccabasiel1509 A U-Haul truck showed up and he seemed to disappear never to be seen by me again.

[@Vernon-gn9wb]

Must have been the star that he named for his wife... o.o

[@MichaelMarko]

Hahaha!

[@LiamRedmill]

Is there more than one photograph of the original diapearing star?if it was real science you could see the evolution of these event's from multyple photo's and brilliance levels,and build a picture,,otherwise this science is incomplete maybe based on anomolies misinterpreted as stars,maybe(not stars,blackholes swallowing things/colliding star remnants)

[@chattywalrus8485]

Completely star engulfing Dyson spheres are the most absurd and ridiculously impractical idea and I can't for the life of me figure out why it has such traction.

[@Aim54Delta]

The rate of formation and decay of these stars would be far too high to neglect the macroscopic impact. We should see black holes nearly everywhere if both stellar formation models and this theory were summarily correct. I will point that I have been consistent in my statements that most stars are black holes in stages of evaporation - we have the entire concept inverted and energy moves from its point of high concentration (black hole) to low concentration. There is a caveat as enthalpy favors the condensation of energy in the form of hydrogen rather than going straight to iron and radiation (or some other forms). We will find this phenomenon to be quite common and that some black holes will begin forming a star around them. It would be the minority of stars, if any, which form from the condensation of gasses.

[@Novastar.SaberCombat]

The Universe is ALWAYS going through all sorts of changes. Stars collapse. Black holes change the cosmic landscape. Suns lose "power" (and grow), or gain it (and condense). And so on. Happens every day, essentially.

[@unvergebeneid]

Haha the Dyson sphere explanation is great. Did the aliens prefab the sphere and just move it in place or how are they supposed to do this so quickly? 😄

[@absalomdraconis]

Gotta admit, I'd been assuming that direct-collapsars were only an early-universe thing.