Dali Sets Sail | NTSB Finds Loose Wires | US Sues Owner | Ship to be Repaired in China

[@wgowshipping]

🚨In the latest development, the FBI boarded Dali's sistership - Maersk Saltoro in Baltimore. I suspect they are trying to see if this ship has similar issues and jury-rigging as Dali to see if a pattern emerges for the owner and operator.🚨 www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/09/21/fbi-boards-maersk-saltoro-baltimore-bridge-collapse/

[@OneUglySquatch]

What ever the Gov can do to improve their case. The FBI has really been pushing the limit of the law the last few years. I'm curious on what ground they got their permission to do this.

[@WTF2BlueTiger]

It will always be funny to me that the media portrays this as some foreign entity ship (Grace Ocean) not adhering to US regulations/standards when in reality its just a foreign subsidiary (likely to do with work regulations and wages) of a Ohio based investment firm with an american CEO, Phillip Kane The media is truly going the extra length to hide this information, its absolutely absurd

[@ThatOpalGuy]

I would not be shocked if it has the same issues

[@More_Row]

Why haven’t you talked about the Ruby this week.

[@maryeckel9682]

Glad they're having a look

[@philhatfield2282]

It's funny that my wife asked me the other day why I listen to you. She said "is it for a game or do you know they guy or what?" I said I listen and watch for news, as Sal talks about things that you cannot find mentioned on news channels. Things like the looming ILA strike, like the Dali, like the lack of effort being put towards stopping the Houthi from controlling shipping lanes. Sal, you may not get everything correct, but you are WAY more accurate and informative than national news when it comes to things involving shipping.

[@maryeckel9682]

Shipping affects the world economy and reflects world tensions. It's so important!

[@timsmothers8740]

@phillp Hatfield. Well said, Sir ! Sal gives us the meat and potatoes, so to say,from everyone else, media wise, we are lucky to get a 10-second sound bite that might make sense to those who ride the short buses.

[@TobyCatVA]

All of which should be in the A block of real news but, all we have are propaganda channels now.

[@MarttiSuomivuori]

There's such a thing as "The pleasure of finding things out." Feynman wrote a book about it.

[@desireegoulett69]

Plus he sounds cool and every episode is a play along drinking game😂where you can actually learn something.

[@Sjoerdwm1981]

With these kind of ships, they use direct reversable engines. This means propeller rotates directly depending on the engines revolution and direction. These propeller shafts do normally have a shaft brake (in order to keep engine zero revolutions when moored on current) ..when the generators trip, autoshutdown on main engine is immediately (safety) . Thus when engine stops / prop stops, then the propeller effect will be active, depending if the propeller is left or right handed which will induce an immediate "steering response" from the prop drag (when the ship has forward momentum, the propeller will steer the ship, even with a working rudder...the rudder can be hard over but it will have zero effect) bowthrusters dont work above 3 kts. Keeping breakers in for the bowthrusters is normal and wont load the system that much, since the the motor isnt energised intill commanded. Former master and ships engineer here.

[@nonenowherebye]

From a ship that I work on, I know the shaft can't be stopped if they're doing more than about 7 or 8 knots or so, meaning that they can't go into reverse above a certain speed.

[@major__kong]

I come from an aviation background as both a pilot and engineer. I also did some OOD'ing on a cruiser in the 90s. What I find odd and disturbing is that there's no way to maintain propulsion during critical periods like maneuvering watch. If you're in a channel and it takes 45s for limited propulsion to come back online, game over. In aircraft, there would be redundant systems for safety critical functions. I believe the F-35 has a battery for emergency power to run the flight control computer and actuators. I'm pretty sure I heard they don't put a fuse or breaker on that thing because even if the wires are melting you want to keep power on those systems, at least until the pilot can eject. I wonder if ships are now going to be required to have systems to maintain propulsion without interruption.

[@JHe-f9t]

Aviation doesn't really translate to cargo ships in that way. You're not going to dramatically alter the propulsion systems just because 0.0138% of the time you *might* need it. It'd be like adding plane parachutes and ejection seats to an airbus a380. The Dali was a freak accident where the swiss cheese lined up. If the power had failed 2 minutes earlier or later, it would have completely missed the bridge. Additionally, the US bears some responsibility as well. If there were sufficient dolphins around the bridge structure, this would have been impossible no matter what shape the Dali was in. After the disaster in Tampa bay, Baltimore was given 44 years worth of early warning and never acted to protect it's bridge piers.

[@major__kong]

@@JHe-f9t Yes, but they can get away with it because they don't have real liability. Make them pay for their contribution to the mishap (and the government theirs), and you'd see ship owners demand true backup systems. BTW, there isn't any rocket science here to add redundancy. It probably isn't even that expensive, especially when done in the design stage.

[@sbkr4906]

the ship rudder works only if water flows over its surface, like airplane with the air. the is a limit of speed below which the rudder has zero effect. that is around 3, or 4 knots. go below that, and you can tunr the rudder as you please with no effect

[@jimsvideos7201]

What boggles me - coming also from aviation - is that the main engine doesn't have its own mechanical pumps to keep it running no matter what else happens on the vessel.

[@ronblack7870]

@@JHe-f9t yup baltimore didn't want to spend the money to protect the bridge better

[@natopeacekeeper97]

If I had read all the reports, I probably wouldn't have understood a lot of what is printed. Sal takes multiple, complex maritime issues and breaks them down so if you never owned anything bigger than a 14-foot aluminum boat (like me!) it's easy to understand. Thanks once again Sal, for bringing us this important update and analysis-always much appreciated!

[@Patrick-n8m]

I sailed as boatswain on U.S. flagged container ships and tankers. It was standard operating procedure that when we sailed for sea, after letting go, I would stay up on the f'o'c'sle head, (usually with the chief mate) to stand by the anchors. The devil's claws were OFF, the riding pawls were UP, and the anchors were OUT OF GEAR, being held in position by the brakes, which could be released by loosening them with a large wheel wrench. At a certain point, about when the pilot was leaving the ship, the anchors would be placed IN GEAR, the riding pawls DOWN, the devil's claws ON, and the brakes ON. In the case of Baltimore, this would have been done well past the Francis Scott Key Bridge heading to sea. So, it sounds like they were wasting time getting the anchors "ready" to drop when that should have already been done before they left the dock.

[@iwaswrongabouteveryhthing]

but this is an Indian crew l think..

[@bobbyrayofthefamilysmith24]

When I was senior seamen master chief comander of Charlie force we had dragon claws up bum in the cabin after dark every night for hot action 😊

[@oldschoolman1444]

​@@iwaswrongabouteveryhthingwhy does that matter?!

[@Heike--]

You're not on a flag-of-convenience ship nor crewed by incompetent third world crew. Night and day difference.

[@tomriley5790]

Yes I was going to say my experience was that anchors were always ready to go when the ship was leaving port.

[@veramae4098]

I'm a retired librarian and pride myself on knowing a little bit about everything. You have to know *something* to ask questions and evaluate topics. But this is a whole new field for me. I'm glad I found this channel. If it's going to be repaired in *China* I sure hope someone else inspects the repairs.

[@revpgesqredux]

My daughter is a librarian and with the same spirit as you express vera

[@stevenwilliams9359]

Ah, so that explains why the backup generators never kicked in. Makes perfect sense!

[@NRZ-3Pi10]

I’d assume you’re referring to this detail wrt fuel pump for the diesel generators (with DGR2 and DGR1 being the backup generators at this time). If I understand sections 9 & 10 of the US claims (Base 1: 24-cv-00941-JKB Document 82) correctly, this `flushing´ pump appears not to be a proper approach, at least not `fail safe´ since it doesn’t automatically recover after blackout. To me that seems to be one of the most important, systemic weakness of this incident. Btw, “starved of fuel” - would this also explain the heavy (black) smoke observed once power came back online for the first time which puzzled a lot of us - ?

[@pmfx65]

In German we call such a ship a "Seelenverkäufer". Don't know if this translated it means anything "soul seller". That are ships where the owner wants to get lost at sea and does not care about the people on it.

[@JimWhitaker]

"Soul", I think.

[@pmfx65]

@@JimWhitaker Thanks!

[@JelMain]

Plimsoll called them coffin ships. Sargenschiffer. Getting on for 150 years ago. IATA has closed International airspace to aircraft from certain nations known not to maintain their fleet, perhaps the IMO should do the same, to get rid of flags of convenience and get real about keeping your ships truly seaworthy. Perhaps the answer's to start seizing and scrapping dangerous tubs, much as cars can be.

[@mickkelly-e9i]

@@JelMainget rid of flags of convenience, inspections, employ competent crews? Get a grip

[@Oops-IMeantToDoThat]

Personally, just like with airlines, I feel anyone associated a financial interest in the vessel, including the owner, all mid-level shells/ entities like the leasing co, lessor, and operator, should be liable. As bad as the crew might have been, or the operator - they’re usually doing what the higher management requires, or should be monitoring.

[@ehsnils]

Locally in Scandinavia we keep our eyes on MV Ruby with the ammonium nitrate. It's being towed into the Baltic Sea, but is still outside Norway. 20000 tons of Ammonium Nitrate is about seven times the amount in the Beirut explosion. So if hypothetically it goes off under the Öresundsbron then it will cause damage in half of Copenhagen and entire Malmö.

[@stevenlee92833]

My Dad is from Denmark, such a beautiful country, I'll be praying the fertilizer has a safe voyage so the farmers can grow their crops.

[@Robbo-fu5fm]

here in Australia we had an incident on 30 August 2024 when a semi-trailer loaded with 42 tonnes of Ammonium Nitrate collided with a 4WD, caught fire and eventually exploded. the sound of the explosion was heard more than 54 km (33.5 statute miles, 29.1 nautical miles) away inside an air-conditioned office in the City of Gladstone. Imagine the effect of detonating 20,000 tonnes?

[@ehsnils]

@@Robbo-fu5fm Hiroshima level.

[@PhysicsGamer]

@@ehsnils Not quite, but worryingly close. The Hiroshima device was rated as being equivalent to 15 kilotons of TNT. Straight ammonium nitrite only has a relative effectiveness of 0.32, so the projected result would be something close to 6.4 kilotons of TNT. That's still, of course, plenty to completely annihilate a single bridge.

[@johncooper4637]

@@Robbo-fu5fm While not that tonnage, the Texas City ammonium nitrate explosion in 1947 was far more deadly.

[@CrustyOlSalt]

Thx for your service I was stationed on 4 ships over a 20 career in the Navy. We could not do what we do without underway replenishment. You do make a great points about restricted maneuvering. If the ship does not have enough weight or speed you can swing the rudder all you want and the ship will not turn. Stop by going into reverse take lots of time and sometimes many miles. Dropping an anchor, normally held by the brake and pelican hook. The issue is there is a good chance you will lose the anchor and 100 shots of chain and not stop the ship. Last but not least, I would not get underway on that ship in the condition ship is in.

[@okbeinglast]

Your explanation is priceless The amount of detail you go into to explain and the way you explain only qualifies you as a teacher of the subject thank you for your in-depth analysis Sal you're the best.

[@manythingslefttobuild]

Great update video Sal, thanks for posting them. I'm shocked they didn't scab on some plate steel over the holes in the bow.

[@wgowshipping]

You and me both!

[@Davemte34108]

Looking at the way they left it, there is is likely contamination from hazardous material in the area. They are going to let China deal with that, as Sal said by cutting off the bow. 😎

[@robinvonderwache6872]

I think they have sealed the interiour bulkheads. To seal the outside it will take pre-formed steelwork to be welded in place. The interiour will only need flat plates so is easier to make watertight. (i'm not a shipbuilder but just thinking what is easy)

[@joshuawilson7201]

im a welder, never been on a ship like this but id say they had to. I dont know, just my thoughts.

[@lazygardens]

From the TV helicopter's video: the larger damaged area was trimmed away, the bottom squared off and you can see what looks like a plate covering the bottom of the squared off area. And sealing interior bulkheads (if any survived) would be easier than fitting the contours of the hull.

[@achilleos1]

How many people in here working on a cargo ship right now? As a Vet I sincerely thank you for keeping the world moving. Has to be dystopian and whimsical experience sailing across the oceans on a steel mountain for years. Salute

[@wgowshipping]

She has a crew of about 22.

[@iwaswrongabouteveryhthing]

"you're an animal doctor"?

[@achilleos1]

@@iwaswrongabouteveryhthing lol

[@daveseibert9390]

Excellent Review of findings! Thank You Sal!

[@ahoannon5711]

Indeed, also a big thank you from me. In particular I like your comments about the anchor and the bow thruster. Both seem to me like Hail-Mary actions that you do when you are out of options that you think will actually help. Hmmmm... O.K. The anchor would have an effect eventually if it is actually deployed, but not in that short a time.

[@jimf671]

Good work Sal. I used to write operating manuals for merchant ships and was particularly familiar with electrical systems and breaker sequencing. Sounds like these guys had removed several layers of protection from the ships systems.

[@deansawich6250]

Thanks Sal. I'm in South Africa and this is storm season around the Cape.

[@CapitalismSuxx]

Monsoon in SE Asia. Seems a deliberate choice of weather window for the owners to claim insurance due to weather.

[@David-fj5lz]

How tall are the sea troughs

[@paterr.p.3258]

EXCELLENT presentation of information! You explained it well and the context was helpful in understanding for non engineers like me without taking down to your audience. Again, excellent work and thank you

[@janjager2906]

Thanks for your expert explanation and opinion. The only thing I kind of disagree is the readiness to drop anchors. As you mention it is part of the procedure when approaching the port. This starts about two hours before the pilot comes on board (I sailed as a marine engineer for 8 years). You are right that when the command is given, it does not mean that the anchor drops immediately. But I think that it would be unacceptable if it took longer than 20, maybe 30 seconds. As far as I can remember, it was an extensive procedure to prepare the anchor for use, including emergencies during a power failure. And that, if necessary, it could be done quickly. And then I am talking about a delay expressed in seconds, not minutes.

[@FrankBarnwell-xi8my]

Good that Ron Burgundy wasn't the anchorman and understood the gravity of the situation regarding the bridge.

[@donnyleeisfree]

Perhaps he has many leatherbound ships.

[@ImieNazwiskoOK]

On why the other wasn't also connected I have 2 possible reasons: 1) In order to connect 2 transformers in parallel they must have very similar parameters(which can differ even in pretty much identical transformers), failing that can create power losses and even be dangerous. 2) Having 2 transformers at 50% gives more power losses than having 1 at 100% (of course in practice some margins are needed)

[@ronblack7870]

previous information said there was some electrical issue that prevented them from tying the 2 transformers together.

[@johncooper4637]

Ah, yes, inspections. People miss things in general and I doubt any inspection would have caught the loose connection - can you imagine going wire by wire through that entire power system?. I was a tech inspector for the Sports Car Club of America for 15 years. One incident stands out: a car with its welded in roll cage had been built and raced and inspected yearly in Florida for 5 years and then moved to my region. Here it had been inspected yearly, too, for several years. I looked at the car and found 8 incomplete welds in the roll cage. The car was not allowed to race until they were fixed. The car should have never been allowed on the track with the incomplete welds but everyone missed them or thought they did not matter.

[@steveturner3999]

Great breakdown of this report. It is so good to hear a review based on real world knowledge and experience. Thanks Sal.

[@additudeobx]

Sal, thanks for the update. Always great to listen to you, even if you are only Human.... which reminds me, It's always great to exercise professional and respectful banter and opinions with people of sufficient and intelligent caliber. Unless a person is already of an educated intellectual level, it's just difficult to find those kinds of discussions.

[@jason6919]

This is the perfect example of the swiss cheese issue. All the holes lined up to create a devastating event. There are too many failures on to many sides of the equation.

[@pduderocker]

You say “we file law suit, BUT”…. No, it should be “we file law suit AND! 2 wrongs don’t make a right and negligence is negligence regardless of how slim the likelihood. Thank you for bringing us all of this great information, Sal.

[@rinrat6754]

Former corporate enviro guy here. I have dealt with lawsuits and government accusations, and much of this is just standard initial statement of claim BS. Dump in every accusation, sue everyone, to make sure nothing is missed. Then look for a judge who does not understand maritime operations, so will be easily convinced. Absolutely not saying it is wrong or bad, just standard legal tactics. Great episode.

[@billl9273]

Very true just because something is mentioned in a complaint does mean it will ever see the inside of a court room.

[@ZealothPL]

I love how normalisation of deviance is somehow a defence. "Waaah the judge doesn't care for how insanely dangerous our procedures are its unfair waaaah"

[@45KevinR]

Yeah, from following news on other significant but niche legal cases it seems like the best bet is for them to throw every possible thing in the initial suit and hope that some of it sticks. Also each claim will be cast in the worst possible light. Unlike TV dramas (from Perry Mason to Alli McBeal) you have little scope to add things in later, or have a gotcha moment right before the end.

[@edwardt8519]

Yep...sue if you can ...see what sticks...try to bargain them out for whatever is cheaper. Standard shakedown

[@certaindeed]

@@billl9273 in the US civil suites are usually try it and see...then pay out to get away. Even the government does it. It's a huge factor in what is killing the country. At least 20% of everything in the US is liability cost, regardless of what any "government studies" say. Industry Basic insurance companies charge 10% of gross sales and it just skyrockets from there. It's more for shipping and trucking etc and for manufactured product liability

[@gregoryschmitz2131]

Both sides of the distribution were not powered up because it was not required. That is a regulation problem. For this type of area (narrow waters and bridges) , both sides of the bus should be separated, all 4 Gen sets running as well as the Emergency on its mini bus (which would power the 3rd though slower rudder drive). Steamman has stated that running even the standby Gen once a month is a pain. Read that as too much to do with too few crew. We ran our backup gen systems 30 minutes every WEEK. Many problems were found doing so that were remedied before we depended on the backup (or standby) Gen systems. And no, short of a significant failure, you would not expect to find a hook bracing a transformer and only then at sea. If seen by an AHJ (authority having jurisdiction, aka CG) the ship would have failed inspection and had to correct that. Clearly the DOJ has some tech issues (Bow Thruster ops though it might have helped) but the bottom line is if that hook is an example of the condition of the ships systems, they had huge problems. I suspect that each of the main engine pumps (fuel and coolant) have at least two redundant systems in parallel and power on a split bus would provide one of the two sets of pumps with power. Of course you would also have to mandate that redundant pumps were on. Its all about cheap operations.

[@major__kong]

Welding a bar to equipment doesn't really solve the problem. It doesn't provide any damping and may worsen the problem by shifting the frequency and amplitude of the energy and vibration nodal points elsewhere. An isolation mount would have been much better given that the ultimate solution - eliminate the source - is probably not possible.

[@ronblack7870]

the isolation mounts broke. you are on a ship at sea . you do what you need to do at the time.

[@jawadad73]

isolation mounts still dont protect from rolling and pitching, they might dampen a litlle or they might amplify.

[@Harry_Gersack]

Shifting the frequency is not a bad thing per se. I think you should have worded it differently. Also however you mount something, you'll never get rid of all the vibrations. It's always about managing them. Should the cargo hook have been a permanent fix? Probably not. Was it better than just doing nothing and watching it rattle itself to pieces? Most definitely. What else are you going to do if something breaks in the middle of the ocean?

[@neilkurzman4907]

@@ronblack7870 Then you fix it when not a sea.

[@Hakainokami]

​@Harry_Gersack Except the DALI had been docked and then left so they could have fixed it.But were probably told not to

[@rjmjr410]

Great update Sal, thank you!

[@pierheadjump]

⚓️ Thanks Sal 🌈 best practices do not include ‘Tighten ALL wiring terminals at reasonable intervals’ in my experience that interval would be at most five years. I sailed harbor tugs for 25 years … talk about vibration!!! Air compressors, HVAC, deck machinery, engine room ventilation, water pumps, alarm sensors… this is just a good start. All that equipment is critical for continued operation. A tripped control… that’s the FIRST THING CHECKED!!! ⚓️

[@artt3165]

Thanks for the input, Sal! Everybody should remember when you read a court document from any of the parties in the case that document is generally written in the light most favorable to the party filing it. The Prosecutor is going to shade what they present/say to make the defendant look as "guilty" as possible, for example. What is said in filings is bound to be exaggerated because you're trying to sway the court in your favor. That does NOT mean what's presented is the truth. It's the best *argument* that can be made with the known (perhaps disputed ) facts.

[@indylovelace]

Excellent update. You are correct, the lawsuit will have issues. I hope you are correct in that it opens the eyes of our leadership on what the costs and risks are in the name of cheap goods for the US.

[@marionnadeau8457]

Yes, there will be issues with some parts of the lawsuit, but it's not uncommon to throw everything they can think of into the suit in order to get SOMETHING to stick.

[@ThatOpalGuy]

@@marionnadeau8457 prosecutors usually OVER charge in order to get a plea deal.

[@Oops-IMeantToDoThat]

And why only suing for cost of incident cleanup?) Why not for the cost, or at least a prorated amount, of the replacement bridge plus economic delays during incident and for economic impact during ultimate rebuilding? Not to mention the ambulance chaser personal injury lawsuits (I read early on somewhere they were expecting this to be at least 100 million, if not more - don’t get me started on how our legal system has turned into a lottery :().

[@Mr424242424242424242]

@@Oops-IMeantToDoThat Those lawsuits belong to other entities. They didn't own the bridge, nor are they the next of kin of the victims. So those other entities need to(and some have already) file their own separate lawsuits.

[@john1703]

Jury rigged and knowingly unseaworthy. The ship's master lied to the US Govt (pilot). Stick the Master in jail until someone pays up. Only $103 M? How much bridge does that buy?

[@Rdimbus1957]

As a former Mariner (CE Unlimited Steam & Motor) and Aumni of NYSMMA....your observations are SPOT-ON

[@kentslocum]

Glad to have Sal providing level-headed and insightful analysis of these events. 😊

[@nfr3416]

Thanks Sal, was born in Baltimore, keep talking ...

[@pibbles-a-plenty1105]

No, it wasn't negligence. It was incompetence. Many, many ocean going freight, bulk, and fluids vessels are operated by untrained, inexperienced, warm bodies. Shipping out for months to years at a time is not for the educated and skilled technocrats who understand how engine and electrical systems work an how to maintain them. Most of the spot repairs are done in port by marine maintenance providers and with today's short port turn around times it's a wonder that anything gets fixed properly.

[@Bob1934-l6d]

Truly sad situation. The owners get the cheapest crew, do the cheapest maintenance, and penny pinch the ship. The government is not interested in hiring more true inspectors instead we get more bureaucrat jobs so someone can polish a seat with their backside. Rather surprised this does not happen more often

[@ThatOpalGuy]

well, one party in government isnt interested.

[@fortusvictus8297]

@@ThatOpalGuy Nether party is concerned, don't kid yourself. This ship is owned by a company that itself is owned by the CCP. The whole farce of 'US prosperity' in 2024 is an illusion propped up by debt to China, no one is calling anyone on this.

[@joshuawilson7201]

neither party cares enough when they are paid to stay silent. corporations run this country

[@ronblack7870]

an inspection that would spot the problems on this ship would have taken days . there is no way the coast guard would ever have the resources to inspect every ship in detail . i mean you would have to open panels and check that all wires are tight? so it could take a week to do all that. like Sal said this ship is actually pretty good compared to most. they all have problems cause ships out on the ocean take a brutal beating.

[@user-player2727]

Got to cut that red tape

[@lgude]

Great analysis. You make it clear why these things aren’t settled without being tested in court.

[@MADHIKER777]

Thanks for the great insights into the details of this whole ordeal, Sal!

[@DavidCranston-hk4lf]

Those cargo hooks you referred to are lashing turnbuckles, for securing containers on deck.

[@NRZ-3Pi10]

Thanks Sal for keeping us posted with updates and details in condensed & comprehensive manner; highly appreciate! Great to provide proper references. Quite some interesting stuff for reading over the weekend. Need to digest all this but very curious to learn about the findings. Quite ironic the initial fail obviously was caused by an issue in a protection circuit. Intended for safety, adding more complexity also might come along with additional potential fails. Plus this detail wrt fuel pump for the diesel generators. If I understand sections 9 & 10 of the US claims (Base 1: 24-cv-00941-JKB Document 82) correctly, this `flushing´ pump appears not to be a proper approach, at least not safe since it doesn’t automatically recover after blackout. “Starved of fuel” - would this also explain the heavy (black) smoke observed once power came back online for the first time which puzzled a lot of us - ?

[@charlesyoung7436]

Agree about the quality of this video. There is one item that I haven't seen discussed here or anywhere else, though. Was the Dali's speed before the collision excessive? Was there a speed limit imposed for the Baltimore outer harbor? It seems to me that eight knots for a ship that size would kick up a wake that could adversely erode the shoreline or endanger small boats.

[@NRZ-3Pi10]

@@charlesyoung7436 I don’t recall any video mentioned about MV Dali exceeding speed in confined water. Judging from local pilots from Baltimore harbour have been aboard and in control, I’d also assume they are not keen on getting a speed ticket 😉. Seafarers & pilots to comment (landlubber here 😅), but appears like 8 - 10 knots still seems to be OK. There’s been video from Sal recently (“Containership loses power entering Tampa bay”) where I’ve also noted they went with ~10knots even through the channel and only slowed down later. However, 15knots like the MSC Michigan VII on her `Charleston Ride´ obviously have been a bit too fast wrt wakes created by this. On the other hand, I wonder whether currents and turbulences created by the propeller might be desirable to certain amount to keep the trench (like e.g. Fort McHenry Channel in Baltimore) free from mud & silt.

[@revpgesqredux]

Been amazing to see the growth of your channel since the good old 1700 subscriber days!!

[@getx1265]

Thanks for the update, Sal.

[@they-call-me-mister-trash847]

I only found this channel because of the Dali incident and honestly I'm surprised you don't have a larger following despite having something of a narrow focus. Then again, I worked as a deckhand aboard a towboat on the mississippi for a short time so I may have a bit more interest in the topic than the average person. That being said, in instances like this involving the damage of critical infrastructure, the vessel owners absolutely should be bankrupted. How many hundreds if not thousands of people have suffered immense economic distress, to put it diplomatically, as a result of this incident? The knock on effects are literally incalculable. These companies should absolutely be scared shitless of accidents like this if for no other reason than to incentivize better maintenance of the vessels operating in the U.S. Not only that, but we seriously need to find some way to plug the 'flag of convenience' problem that also contributes to incidents like this by allowing owners to skirt all sorts of laws and ship substandard crews.

[@patrickjames1080]

Exactly - why get a warning for a speeding ticket, what's the point.

[@zadrik1337]

You always get better information when you get it from an expert rather than the news, or god forbid, a lawyer. Thanks Sal for providing excellent information in a format for us non-mariners.

[@chuckboyle8456]

Thank you Sal for the update, greatly appreciated! M/V Dali will be restored and made a mystery vessel. She will receive a new name, new owners, new flag, new crew, new colors and sent for the China - Africa/Middle East route NEVER to be seen again in the USA. Carry on!

[@Atmatan]

Nope. Cute propaganda though.

[@carlmorgan8452]

Can we all have Some of that smoke 😉🙃🤪🔔😉🤣

[@Heike--]

@@Atmatan The previous poster is experienced in maritime affairs and knows exactly what will happen, an excellent prediction. I get you calling it propaganda though, because it reeks of antisemitism.

[@bluikkso]

@@Heike-- Antisemitism, really?? Where exactly please point it out.

[@milt7348]

Stay safe and keep them coming.

[@timkohchi2048]

morning Sal! first time this early, great stuff as usual.

[@wgowshipping]

I finished it late last night

[@timoliver8940]

Sal, will be interesting seeing how the ship handles the adverse weather and huge swells around the Cape of Good Hope and Natal. I’m sure she will be weather routed as a condition of class for the passage but there aren’t many diversion routes on that passage to avoid bad weather!

[@gordonrichardson2972]

The weather around the Cape has improved significantly since mid-winter. Swells should have minimal effect on an empty ship.

[@they-call-me-mister-trash847]

@@gordonrichardson2972 Don't worry though, with those gaping holes it shouldn't be empty for much longer.

[@timoliver8940]

@@gordonrichardson2972 my 47 years experience at sea , 20 of them in command of very large containerships , point to the exact opposite - flying light in big seas is not great and leads to the prop being exposed with main engine over speed trips 3-4 times a day or more meaning the ship looses way and often ends up beam on, GM’s that are in 14-15 meter range so the slightest rolling causes a whip lash reaction and with a weakened bow section any pitching with such a light forward draft will cause pounding forward that the crew needs to avoid at all costs

[@phillipdavidhaskett7513]

The NTSB let the ship leave US waters with a $130M suit pending? WTF, over.

[@wgowshipping]

The ship was not arrested by the USCG.

[@phillipdavidhaskett7513]

@@wgowshipping Impounded seems more appropriate, but my question still stands. Why was it allowed to leave US jurisdiction, with so many legal issues outstanding? Six deaths and a billion-dollar piece of infrastructure destroyed? Like that shell company won't be bankrupted and ownership of the vessel transferred before sundown tonight.

[@ahoannon5711]

I guess the relevant authorities believe that they are able to collect from the Dali's owners - or whoever is actually liable - even without having physical possession of the Dali herself. With the Dali's owner being a big company that wants to continue doing business in the USA that doesn't sound too unreasonable to me.

[@phillipdavidhaskett7513]

@@ahoannon5711 The international shipping business is riddled with hincky, untraceable entities that hide true ownership from regulators and the Courts. The court filings say it was owned by "Grace Ocean Private LLC" registered in Singapore, which doesn't sound particularly credit-worthy. I guess we'll see.

[@wgowshipping]

@phillipdavidhaskett7513 Ships are arrested and held liable for any claims against them under admiralty law, vice impounded.

[@chrisstoltz1617]

One thing I do not understand is why the fuel pump and cooling water pump is NOT on emergency power. I think in this case having the engine running might have helped. I served in the US Coast Guard as an electricians mate. I have worked on and served on different cutters that had emergency generators. Everything from lighting to governor control to air compressors in the engine rooms is on emergency power. The ship can still move under its own power if main power is lost. I guess it costs too much money or it's too hard to make this change...

[@RobertStanovich-mn9go]

Thank you Sal

[@karolskakes388]

You do a great job of informing us!! I have followed many Dali reports - Yours by far is the best explained and understandable to me - a true flatlander!!! Thanks

[@timsmothers8740]

As Juan Browne over at his aviation KZbin channel Blancolirio, as he says, when talking about investigation of an aircraft accident and how the holes in the swiss cheese start to line up as mistakes are made leading to an accident . Thanks again, Captain Captain Sal, for keeping us informed.

[@Starsnu1]

Sal, I love your analysis of maritime issues and how you explain complex systems so well. Keep up the great work.

[@kennethwarburton177]

Brilliant channel

[@mirror452]

I love that it makes more sense for this ship to travel for 46 days than trying to repair her in US shipyards. A sign of a bright future for mankind :)

[@michaelgautreaux3168]

Makes plenty of sense when Dali is @ the bottom... it's an insurance thing.

[@mirror452]

@@michaelgautreaux3168 Nah. US just doesn't have any shipyards that can do the job.

[@SavingMaverick55]

​@@mirror452We used to lead the world in shipbuilding... Now look at us.

[@SonicPhonic]

@@SavingMaverick55 ...buying used computer chips for fighter jets from China; the Ford-class aircraft carriers also use Chinese chips. Is that not unwise when your potential enemy is making your secret weapons?

[@mirror452]

@@SonicPhonic Just don't start a war and you'll be fine ;)

[@steveinla8963]

Thank you , Sal

[@timoliver8940]

It would be really interesting to read the last few years Annual Internal ISM Audits and the last external audit to see what comments there are in those with respect these mechanical issues with the main and emergency generators fuel pumps and that jury rig turnbuckle to reduce vibrations.

[@PatriciaBowser-y5j]

Great update Sal! Thanks again.

[@malcolm20091000]

One of the purposes, in fact the main purpose, of the US complaint is to include all of the allegations, whether factually based, conjecture, or just hyperbole. Once the claim goes to court and to the defendant, it is hard to add more allegations, but it is easy to dismiss those that dont hold water. So they typically throw everything in there, including the kitchen sink (lol).

[@bigcity2085]

Catastrophic Failure is what it's called : when a series of things go wrong resulting in mis-management due to too many things going wrong all at once.

[@interstellarsurfer]

So, we gave up custody of the ship, and then sue them? Big smart play that is. 🙄

[@IvanTre]

The company that runs or owns the ship won't be able to do business in the US if they ignore the lawsuit.

[@interstellarsurfer]

@@IvanTre The left hand will sell the company to the right hand, and nothing will happen.

[@julonkrutor4649]

​@@IvanTresolution: make a new company, sell it the ships on paper, done.

[@iwaswrongabouteveryhthing]

​@@julonkrutor4649100%

[@IvanTre]

@@julonkrutor4649 lmao. that'd work in Ukraine.

[@13699111]

Excellent work. America's government should be paying attention to the global research and information provided free. I'm 72 years old it's frustrating to say the least how far Americans global standing has fallen. Time to vote Putin's puppets out this November. Thank you for your patriotic support of America.

[@vernicethompson4825]

Also, thanks to "Putin's puppets," the US is not building ships like we used to. That can be blamed on the exodus of manufacturing after the passage of NAFTA, whose proponents claimed that open borders and free trade would be good for the US. Sal began his channel after the grounding of the Evergiven in the Suez Canal, but I think he could have started much sooner, given all the information that he could provide about shipping. He discusses a topic that you won't hear much about in the US media. I am grateful for what I have learned from him so far.

[@scottlewisparsons9551]

Thank you Sal for another very informative video, much appreciated. All the best from Sydney Australia 🇦🇺

[@jaynehall8533]

Thanks for the updates

[@MervynPartin]

I was waiting for your review of the findings, Sal, and I think that you are spot-on with your comments. I have seen some really bad standards on some ships (not my former shipping line, I would add) but even on the best run vessels it is sometimes necessary to jury rig equipment, or you can come to a standstill in the middle of the ocean. I would not wish to be on the Dali for its China run.

[@j03man44]

If these ships were fully liable for damages the insurance companies would do the inspections. We wouldn't need to count on the Coast Gaurd unless the insurance companies wanted to hire them to do the inspections, then funding solves itself.

[@ronblack7870]

they would never find a loose wire in a terminal block in an inspection. have you seen videos that show all the equipment in an engine room. ? it's massive with multiple floors

[@j03man44]

@@ronblack7870 the loose wire was the initial cause and was only disastrous because they had a jerry rigged fuel pump and a dozen other shoddy patch jobs that would have been easy to catch or prevent with regular inspections.

[@ZealothPL]

Wouldn't be our problem though, since they'd have to pay for not inspecting whatever they insure. Trust me, after having to fork over billions of dollars, the insurance companies would magically figure out a way without any delay

[@joebullwinkle5099]

Having followed this disaster and the initial NTSB report and now listening to this presentation I feel there should be criminal penalties for the first and second engineer and the captain for such reckless disregard for proper operational procedures and more importantly safety back up equipment availability & procedures. Six people have died, a multi billion dollar bridge has been destroyed and then there is the enormous inconvenience suffered by the local population that will endure for many years now. Accidents like this are a key opportunity for an industry such as this to have updated operational and safety procedures that are enforceable by law with criminal penalties. They should also ban the company that operated the vessel to the United States for many years to come.

[@RichardGeiszler]

Is the steel framework atop of the deck there to secure & stabilize the containers? Think this is the first time I've seen an empty container ship. If so, it is built up vertically as containers are loaded?

[@wgowshipping]

Those are lashing bridges to secure them.

[@timoliver8940]

Recently retired containership Master here with 20+ years containership experience - those structures on deck are called lashing bridges and the container above the 2nd their are lashed by long steel rods and huge turnbuckles. Usually the tops of the 3rd tier units and the bottoms of the 4th level containers will be lashed down onto these walkways which are only about 3ft wide and the full width of the ship - they also often contain the 440v power sockets required to plug in temperature controlled units and their monitoring cables (although most TC containers are remotely monitored using built in modems and a local GSM phone cell on the ship connected to a monitoring station ashore via the internet)

[@RichardGeiszler]

@timoliver8940 Thanks for the detailed reply. So as the containers are loaded, crew members are installing the extensions? Or waiting for the loading to be completed before installing?

[@brucelytle1144]

​@@timoliver8940 That is a good explanation! I used to sail as reefer and (mostly) Chief Electrician, I got very familiar with it all. The last time I sailed was in the late 90's. On Matson ships we had a monitor system that ran through the power cables for the reefers. The system you described sounds a lot better!😊

[@brucelytle1144]

@@RichardGeiszler I used to do that for a living. First is that the containers have power cords wrapped up in the reefer machinery "box", you have to pull them out and plug them in, hopefully without extension cords. If it is being loaded above where you can reach, the Longshore people will leave some dangling enough for you to reach and pull what you need out. As far as when? Well, I'm sure safety rules say you are supposed to stand clear of the containers being loaded/discharged. That being said, in reality, you try to plug/unplug them as close to the load/unloading of them. It can be a dangerous job, you have to have 4 eyes watching around you to stay safe. Loved that job!

[@maryjohansson3627]

Very good episode with lots of information not easily found elsewhere. Amazing how many systems were not operating up to par yet it continued to steam. Thanks for the video.

[@mickeyfilmer5551]

Thats going to be fun around the cape of good hope...!!!

[@wgowshipping]

That is exactly what I am thinking.

[@tonywhitehead3327]

The route around South Africa is quite benign, (except for the rogue waves) The Cape of Good Hope is off South America, wrong continent

[@JelMain]

@@tonywhitehead3327 South America, Cape Horn, easiest passage the Magellan Strait. Africa, Cape Hope.

[@gordonrichardson2972]

The weather around the Cape of Good Hope has improved significantly since mid-winter, which was one of the worst on record.

[@vernicethompson4825]

@@tonywhitehead3327 I'm sorry, but you have the wrong continent. The Cape of Good Hope is in South Africa, and Cape Horn is the southernmost tip of South America. Its name derives from Cabo de Hornos, meaning literally "Cape of Ovens," because of the fires of Native Americans living there when the Spanish first encountered it. That said, the route around the Cape of Good Hope is not that benign. Check out videos of the Waratah and Oceanos. The Cape is where the Indian Ocean meets the Atlantic.

[@steveoak677]

Great comments Sal! You are spot on!

[@nextechsolutions5955]

What a ridiculously avoidable tragedy this was?!? 😒

[@ZealothPL]

So we should just let them do whatever, right?

[@stco2426]

Thanks for the update.

[@RichPober]

"jury rigged" or "jerry rigged"? In maritime transport and sailing, "jury rigging" is making temporary makeshift running repairs with only the tools and materials on board. Derived from: a "jury mast" is a replacement mast used after a dismasting. "Jerry-rigged" things, which are things 'built unsubstantially of bad materials'

[@tomrogers9467]

Sounds like both terms are accurate.

[@donalddehaven3229]

Thank you Sal for the update. Great information

[@scaleyardmarine]

Make it 200 million. Thanks

[@rearspeaker6364]

no, make it 20 billion, for everyone.

[@ThatOpalGuy]

make them pay for the bridge replacement

[@DadWil]

Rots O Ruck on correcting on the Raw suit The US will be lucky to get 1 cent on the dollar.

[@vernicethompson4825]

@@DadWil What's with the R's? That sounds like how a Japanese would speak, since Japanese lacks an L sound. Singaporeans speak Chinese, which has L's and only one R sound like the American English R. If you were trying to be funny, you failed.

[@AllNighterHeider]

Sal, you are a master of your craft, always delivering a worthy presentation of my time. This episode was exceptional and I thoroughly enjoyed listening. Thank you Sal!!

[@gigglingdingo]

Sal did you notice Dali when it left US had a new Foremast fitted. You are right on the US lawsuit it sounds like they are trying to prove intentional acts of negligence to avoid the Limitation of liability by the shipowner. However the port state inspections done including those by the US coast guard all don't point to any intentional negligence by way of lack of maintenance. If any, electrical fault is argued , it has to be proven in court ( cause NTSB reports usually can not be used in Court proceedings) it will probably be seen as an Inherent vice that was not foreseeable by a reasonable ship owner! I have not read the NTS reports in detail but it sounds like the US suit in conflicting with the NTSB report. NTSB is saying the "loose wire" could have caused undervoltage to trip the breakers (initially the High Voltage Breaker #1( HR1) and Low Voltage Breaker #1(LR1) while the generators kept running ) .... undervoltage of the HV1, suggest the the High voltage breaker tripped first trigging the subsequent under voltage trip of the Low Voltage breaker - for there to be a undervoltage trip there ought to have been an earth (from the loose wire) which would have left witness marks ( ie Burn marks where 6000 volts earthed to the ship - I have not seen any evidence of any Witness marks). Interesting the US suit mentioned the generator fuel pumps because the NTSB have not indicated that the second Blackout was caused by no fuel to the generators ( it was the generator's # 3 & 4 breakers to the HV bus bar that tripped), the generators ran continually - the breakers disconnected the electrical power so they were off-line ( I suspect the load draw on re-connecting the HR 1 and LV1 caused a slump in voltage which was detected by the generators HV breakers). Expect the owners to counter sue for contributory negligence .. for example the Port ( re Port procedures - regarding when tugs are released etc) and the government agency for the bridge (owners of the bridge) for unsafe/ out of date bridge protective structures etc etc. At present I do not see the US suit proving the required intentional negligence to get around the limitation of liability.

[@howardnielsen6220]

Professor Sal Very clear for this non-Marriner Thank You

[@whoever6458]

I can't believe they're going to sail around a cape with a vessel that's all messed up like that! Aren't the seas rough in those places? I hope it doesn't sink trying to get through those rough seas. It is pretty cool how they fix ships that get damaged like this. Wish it was that easy for other things. Interesting stuff to learn, though. Thanks!

[@stevemawer848]

Fixing anything is easy if you're prepared to throw enough money at it ..... Or find cheap labour to do it.

[@rearspeaker6364]

seems the expect it to sink...................

[@gordonrichardson2972]

The weather around the Cape has improved significantly since mid-winter. It's not rough all the time, and forecasting gives advance warnings.

[@jeebusk]

a little water in the hold may improve the trim 😅

[@chrisedwards2539]

Wow!!! Thanks ever so much for the expert comments and insights.

[@RichardGeiszler]

The problem with punitive damages will be those fines/damages being passed along to consumers from increased shipping rates. Now if a lawsuit required the firing of high level executives . . . .

[@CAW78]

Not really. Increased shipping rates will make them less competitive so it will hurt business either way.

[@Tathanic]

They going to need to take it out of long term profits

[@ThatOpalGuy]

yeah, since the wealthy keep getting away with it, it doesnt change until THEY are held PERSONALLY responsible for the problems THEY oversee.

[@ThatOpalGuy]

@@CAW78 not when they all collude to keep prices raised.

[@josephemidy8604]

great commentary again Sal, thank you for your insight. I would certainly believe the US government would have professional Merchant Mariner Masters assisting in the investigation and prosecution of the Dali owners...if the government didn't secure professional witnesses then how could they have the needed knowledge to move forward with a case. Again, great work and appreciate your expertise,

[@jawadad73]

if you gonna blame 1 electrician and his chief engineer for 1 wire that might have been loose or not before the collision, you first need to blame the system that allows a 360m steel contraption with 100.000 s of connections in a hostile maritime environment, continuously on the move; bending, twisting, rolling. And the irony is, the corrective measures suggested will include; more paperwork, more time consuming external expensive inspections and less time to get the job done proving somebody does have loose wiring somewhere.

[@45KevinR]

That channel 10 chopper was about the only footage of the starboard bow. It seemed very odd to me on my sofa that she was cleared to sail with that huge hole AND NO ANCHORS. So there are issues even if they want to shelter from weather along the way. And probably Suez would have rejected them as unable to anchor in any of the waiting zones, You pointed out they'd got Dali sitting bow high in addition to high in the water. Presumably that's to mitigate the damage to the bulbous and the gash. Surely it's going to leave the ship very sensitive to high seas and storms though? A cynic would be waiting for the vessel to sink around the Horn of Africa.

[@cestmoi1262]

So, the Dali was Coast Guard inspected and approved. But no blame should be cast on the CG because of understaffing, lack of funding, no time. I suppose the Secret Service cannot be held accountable either for lack of protecting a person that they are responsible for. In the Dali instance of course we don't know how long ago the ship was inspected and what transpired afterwards. However, if the CG is categorily off the hook then let's save whatever money and time is spent for a meaningless inspection.

[@wgowshipping]

That is an apples-and-oranges comparison. The USCG is smaller than the FDNY and they have 11 missions. There are 80k ship visits a year and they inspect 10% of those. They don't have the time, resources, personnel, or requisite training to be as thorough as they should be.

[@josephpadula2283]

Please explain the role of the Classification societies To the public as most think the CG is doing it And how the Ships registry is really responsible ultimately ! Since most ships are flag of convenience Now only the insurance companies care And the classification society .. Many Airlines are Not allowed to fly into the U.S. based on how poor the nation state that regulates them is compared to the FAA, Implement a similar system here. Marshall Islands etc ? No go ! Phase in of course or we will shut down in a week here as most ships have never seen the home port …..

[@CAW78]

@@wgowshipping not only that as there is no telling what the crew of a ship might change or alter within minutes of the inspector leaving the ship. As you said, there is no perfect system to inspect even a fraction of the ships arriving and departing each day.

[@bigcity2085]

@@wgowshipping Had to check you on that stat, Sal. FDNY has 11,000 people and USCG has 43,000 plus reserves.

[@cestmoi1262]

@@wgowshipping The size of an agency is immaterial. The point is: whatever a person does is it effective to accomplish the mission. Ultimately there is a problem that needs a solution: is the crew doing everything they can or are they restrained by what upper management limits them to. Everything needs to be looked at including your beloved CG.

[@theoldman8877]

It makes no difference how much maintenance regulation they put on ships . Cheap operators will cut corners and not fix things they'll put it in the deferred category or falsify records. Unsafe unreliable ships will continue to come into our ports. Only one regulation can stop this kind of problem is require tugboats to accompany All Ships In and out of harbors and build better protections around all the infrastructure in the harbors.

[@daviddunn860]

Millions... that bridge will cost billions to replace. Who's paying for this.

[@wgowshipping]

The ship's P&I insurance covers up to $3.1 billion. But the litigation will take years.

[@AndrewRoberts11]

Unseaworthy ships aren't insured.

[@robertf3479]

The last estimate I saw was around $2 billion and construction can't start until they have a design and then the funding. 5 years or more until the new bridge opens.

[@AndrewRoberts11]

@@robertf3479 If a jury agrees with the assertion that the vessel was unseaworthy, in the City, State, or Federal fillings, the vessel is likely uninsured. If you then can't prove the owners knew the vessel was unseaworthy when it left port there could be no liability, on the owners, as they've likely already forked out more than the vessels scrap value on the salvage efforts, and refunds of the shipping fees; given the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 restricts their liability to the vessels scrap value, and shipping fees kept for the journey.

[@rearspeaker6364]

@@wgowshipping it costs 2.2 billion to replace the bridge, but it cost more to remove the remains of the old bridge.

[@garrockwaters304]

I love learning stuff.......Thanks for sharing this great information!

[@StevenPalmer-cs5ix]

I had enough high GM light draft trips to appreciate what a horrible ride the crew will have to the PRC.

[@wgowshipping]

It is going to be a miserable 40+ days.

[@elkabong6429]

I wish all of the other modes of commercial transport had a Sal giving us the scoop on what’s going on in their industries!

[@frednewman2162]

Owner should counter sue the US for not providing proper protection of it's infrastructure in the event of something happening where a ship loses power or drive-line failure, etc.! There is no getting around, that there should have been safeguards in place to protect the bridges or other infrastructures! Yes the ship lost power, but proper safeguards should be in place in case these events happen!

[@vernicethompson4825]

I don't think the owners have much of a case there. It is the responsibility of the ship's crew to know where there are obstacles and how to avoid them. Countless maps and charts are available to them for reference. Pilots are familiar with particular areas and serve to guide ships through them.

[@frednewman2162]

@@vernicethompson4825 oh they have a big case, it’s the responsibilities of the agencies to safeguard their ports and infrastructures! It’s been brought up by a lot of people how the piers for the bridge were not adequately protected, even by their own guidelines and regulations! The problem will be if the government puts pressure on court system to rule in their favor!

[@vernicethompson4825]

@@frednewman2162 True! But it comes down to money, as usual. How much should taxes be raised, or what else should be cut, to build and protect decent bridges? Is the Infrastructure Act sufficient to correct all the issues with bridges across the US?

[@SmallWonda]

Yes, it is very interesting to get some real-life understanding of things shore-bound folk would be quite ignorant of. Thank you!

[@nickjohnson410]

Is no one going to talk about how the Francis Scott Key Bridge was poorly designed, not properly protected, and the lack of proper tug escort was a nail in the coffin. If you have a bridge with ships like the Dali passing under it... it should be able to take a hit from one of those ships (with a safety factor of 10) no problem. That bridge was just a tragedy waiting to happen.

[@nunyadayumbusiness591]

I'm going to be generous to your intelligence and assume that you are unaware that ships the size of the Dali didn't even exist at the time the bridge was designed and built...

[@ronblack7870]

@@nunyadayumbusiness591 yes so you build a new bridge before there is a catastrophic accident. they replace bridges all the time to keep up with needs. or you build massive sea walls to protect the piers but baltimore would not spend the money because they were too busy spending it on politicians.

[@nunyadayumbusiness591]

@@ronblack7870 Hmmm, I have a feeling you either don't understand what an active shipping corridor is, or you don't understand quite how massive those "sea walls" would have to be to stop or deflect a cargo ship. New bridges on the other-hand, is a sensible solution , although prohibitively expensive. (I actually agree with that one, even though I understand why it wasn't done.)

[@lindacolaprete7324]

As always, a great report Sal. Ed C

[@josephpadula2283]

Inside joke : Too bad they did not have good American made Breakers ! Federal Pacific …..

[@Thesteamengineer]

Fire Pacific - I know a vessel still running them.

[@TheVigilant109]

Many thanks for the update Sal