When Animals Learnt to Bite, the Evolution of the Jaw Bone

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This video shows how fish learnt to bite, one of the most important developments in vertibrate evolution that allowed fish to dominate their habitats and paved the way for land vertibrates also.
Sources:
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
www.nature.com...
www.researchga...

[@mothlightmedia1936]

Ok hopefully this upload has no major mistakes, thanks everyone for letting me know.

[@ScottHebert604]

Your vids are great man

[@Ozraptor4]

MrNahual2099 not impossible, but highly unlikely. Close relatives of Dunkleosteus from Gogo are preserved with excellent soft tissue preservation. There is no evidence of substantial soft-tissue masses over the biting surfaces.

[@opposumness3107]

69!

[@truedragondraig5372]

Learnt--------learned

[@businesschicken8699]

@@truedragondraig5372 Lol fr though.

[@gustavgnoettgen]

That fish's first statement afterwards: "HA, SUCKERS!"

[@thanhvu2377]

You suck

[@ED11169]

Succ

[@nekrosis6560]

**Ba-tum-psss**

[@siberiusthesleepingserpent312]

Excellent joke sir

[@xl000]

said no fish

[@ambergris5705]

Something amazing about the Dunkleosteus' jaw is that its bite is not only impressively strong, its opening (contrary to crocodilians) is maybe one of the strongest ever. This means that it probably hunted using a combination of extreme sucking, and then a crushing bite. The stuff of nightmares.

[@ldarm]

I had an ex like that

[@awrench1512]

@@ldarm LMAO

[@Nickster147]

@@ldarm nicee

[@playernotfound9489]

@@ldarm so she was short and stout?

[@jemase7931]

​@@playernotfound9489 with a handle and a spout

[@opposumness3107]

Me: Scrolling through KZbin, bored. Sees this video on jawbone. Me: ok, I'll bite.

[@blue_kobolt1785]

This is an underrated comment

[@myrinsk]

Now it’s higher rated

[@crazydave9735]

Stop, please.

[@Sheepskin501]

See yourself out please

[@opposumness3107]

@@Sheepskin501 I'd like to try, but I'm afraid I'm hooked

[@regular-joe]

I've never heard anyone else address this issue - an answer before the question was asked! This was fascinating and enormously thought-provoking, thanks so much.

[@mothlightmedia1936]

Thank you for watching

[@clanwaddell5628]

This is a good channel. I like PBS Eons and other channels like this and he has a way of making videos that just suck me in

[@GeneralCalculus]

I don't know why "jaws are older than trees" gave me a chuckle, even though it's what's seen.

[@myrinsk]

Jaw eat tree

[@alephkasai9384]

It's what it's

[@laxfich_gecko]

Laughing is an ancient memo strategy. Funny stories get retold many times.

[@oscarstaszky1960]

my dumbass literally thought of this as "the ability to give head is older than the first trees." AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHA

[@Sheepskin501]

My mind was truly blown

[@aidanharrison3888]

Amazing to think that my arms , legs , lungs . and jaw are a gift from a 300m year old fish . Called Brenda Bella Psis . I wish I'd met her . Just to talk about the good old days .

[@Lisa-dv1xn]

Born in the wrong generation:(

[@Gasmaskmax]

go grandma

[@orangensafttee4598]

atheist moment

[@dayoki8091]

@@orangensafttee4598 what if like god made the earth as is, no support whatsover just some updates and patches

[@qqqqq187]

She'll most likely try to bite your face off

[@kadenherzog9727]

Anyone else spend the whole video trying to "bite" as hard as they could with their lips

[@AllosaurusJP3]

yea same

[@poopcock4357]

nah but now i do, thanks

[@feykro4152]

Did anyone cheat without thinking by shoving your lips between your teeth and bite?

[@noyeadjohnson2531]

@@feykro4152 yes lolq

[@matrixarsmusicworkshop561]

XDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD no shit hahahah

[@erikagibbs3488]

3:57 I'm not willing to admit how long it took me to realize this wasn't a squid named Daniel Carter

[@myrinsk]

I’m pretty sure that if a comment has a reply then there’s a higher chance of getting seen so I’m just trying to help out lol

[@feykro4152]

@@myrinsk Maybe a second will boost their chances even further!

[@phillipsandgren3094]

A third

[@joshuhigashikata9201]

Jaime chirinos

[@alicorntrash1262]

SHAME

[@111jkjk]

So wierd to think that the jaw evolved from gills. I'm touching my jaw now and tripping out a little

[@martinbiehl4596]

I think our ears also evolved from gills, but probably after the trees came around...

[@eertikrux666]

The innsmouth look

[@Erminestreet]

Actually it makes sense if you look at embryologist development

[@theokrisna]

@@Erminestreet Evo Devo?

[@askellabsalon7737]

You are the king of youtube paleomedia mate. I can't watch PBS Eons anymore cause you're so much better lol. 10x quality with x/10000 budget.

[@yoshihammerbro435]

:( but they both talk about cool things :(

[@rileykorte]

It’s so amazing to think that just by chance a couple a fish said “ Hey let’s make our gills work a little better” and now we have jaws

[@TheSkullConference]

There was no choice involved in this change. Very bad analogy.

[@rileykorte]

@@TheSkullConference oh come on I was just making a joke

[@daleicious1528]

@@TheSkullConference Adam, you may be Bright, but your humor is shite.

[@trueredlucky954]

More like, il just nibble at this thing with my gills, survival of the fittest kicks in and bam jaws emerge.

[@rileykorte]

@@trueredlucky954 yeah, evolution doesn’t have a set goal I do know that it was more just satire

[@BertGrink]

Not only is the content on this channel deeply fascinating, but it's also incredibly well presented; I love your videos, Moth Light!

[@eliscanfield3913]

The dunk model at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History is one of my kids' favorites. Granted, that's partly because there's a cheeseburger in its open mouth, lol

[@cheeseycrouton]

Bryan McGucken Theres a cheeseburger in its mouth?!

[@cheeseycrouton]

I want my mom to take me there

[@eliscanfield3913]

@@cheeseycrouton Yep, in the model hanging from the ceiling, not the fossil. CMNH has about a dozen things like that scattered around throughout the museum's main collections. There's a VW bug in with the beetles downstairs, lol. There are memes of that one floating about.

[@tlam3028]

Lmao imagine not having a jawbone -This post was made by Post-Silurian fish gang

[@myrinsk]

I’m pretty sure that if a comment has a reply then there’s a higher chance of getting seen so I’m just trying to help out lol

[@wolfegangmsg452]

Dam bro that made me CHUCKLE thank you.

[@agni_oh]

Also replying to increase reach

[@danielquinonez2735]

darn dang bro you got the whole squad laughing

[@nickkorkodylas5005]

Lampreys literally suck.

[@corneliusmcmuffin3256]

A though that I've often had is, what if the earlier jaws were just made of cartilage or another softer material that doesn't fossilize?

[@heinrichfuhrmeister1244]

We know that’s not the case because we can use chemical analysis to determine their food source. If there’s no need for a jaw, they probably dont have them

[@juanausensi499]

Unlikely. We still have jawless fish today, but not cartilaginous jaws. Jaws need to be strong to be functional. Even in cartilaginous fish, like sharks, the jaws and teeth are the only part that is heavily calcified (ant that's why you can find lots of decorative shark jaws but not complete shark skeletons)

[@JayManty]

@@juanausensi499 Chondrichthyes have cartilligous jaws, though. Cartilligous doesn't mean soft, cartilage has several morphotypes, including the hyaline cartilage, which is very hard and absolutely hard enough for jaw bones. The only bone chondrichthyes have is on the base of their scales, everything else is secondarily cartilligous.

[@juanausensi499]

@@JayManty Thanks for the clarification. I knew shark jaws aren't bone, but they are distinct than the rest of the skeleton. My point still stands, i think it's very unlikely that an animal would have a hardy skeleton and a soft jaw.

[@JayManty]

This is entirely possible, however the current research shows that the (admittedly paraphyletic but still fairly well understood) clade of agnathan fish-like vertebrates called ostracodermi had a large armor-like structure covering a big chunk of their body made of primitive acellular bone. Since this group did not have jaws, we conclude that neither did their ancestors, and it is unlikely that ostracidermi would develop a non-bony jaw from their extensive bony head structures, only for them to return to a bony jaw again. Is it possible though that there was some small stem group of vertebrates that had some kind of a jaw-lite and went extinct? Yes. But unlikely, though anything can happen in paleobiology.

[@DaveLeoBaker]

I know this is a science channel, but channels like yours are responsible for some of my music. I'm inspired by nature, and you do a great job at describing it.

[@ReptilianAnusWizzard]

I imagine the first Fish with a jaw going around and biting everybody "look i am biting you, bet you cant do that"

[@YouSoRusso]

Your videos take me to an entirely different plain of thought. I get lost in this complex but yet simpler world of our past. Never stop uploading dude, I'm here for every one.

[@Ja_Mes]

You blowing up! Found you a few days ago at 17k! Shows if you put in the work success will come!

[@mageovoid9145]

i hope you enjoy making these videos as much as we enjoy watching. i really like the straightforward presentations you give

[@wraith4978]

i recall theories of the armored fish dying out since the boney fish were able to store calcium and use it when it got scarce, along with that they also had kidneys to help regulate water in not-so-salty waters, unlike the armored fish who again had the armor to regulate water. i forget where i read this but if anyone can then i would like to hear your take on it.

[@siyacer]

All that calcium probably acidified the oceans when they died

[@alexanderofrhodes9622]

I've always heard that they mainly died out because faster, bigger predators could crush their armor without much trouble. Bony fish speccd into speed and flexibility on top of a mineral-storing skeleton

[@WaterShowsProd]

It's amazing when the discovery of a species manages to flip our understanding of how things are related.

[@aaxl8326]

That fish learned the TM ‘bite’ 🙈

[@chopsticks7751]

I guess people aren’t cultured

[@thephantommasquerade8241]

It's super effective.

[@Respect.13.]

🤣🤣

[@r_____________________]

Pleasantly surprised to rediscover this channel after watching the convergence video 8 months ago, this content deserves way more attention.

[@mothlightmedia1936]

TitanFallout welcome back

[@matrixarsmusicworkshop561]

,,Meaning that jaws are older than trees" XDDDD That came out of nowhere!

[@geefreck]

1:10 when you meant to put sand in your snakes terrarium but accidentally poured cocaine

[@Gintaras64]

Dude you're the best on youtube with these videos.

[@Atari11000]

This is so cool, science is always changing and that’s what I love about it. Yet it can hold a basis of imperial data from simple induction deduction to go off of. This will help me study Oceanography more, and thank you for putting the names all written down.

[@Rise876]

As always, fascinating video. Love your content!

[@mothlightmedia1936]

Rise thank you

[@diabl2master]

These are my favourite videos of yours - descriptions and explanations of the evolution of features

[@JessicaSanchez-pq7fh]

Moth light media you are my new fav youtuber!! Youre like Ben G Thomas or pbs eons. Amazing work, thank you. Much love and stay healthy.

[@aethelred3766]

Your videos are perfect in every way conceivable

[@katherandefy]

Wow this lecture was incredible.Bravo!!!!

[@williamjordan5554]

Need to replace all the "first animal to have" with "first animal we know of to have."

[@camsterdam3896]

Why? it means the same thing, until proven otherwise.

[@notapplicable6985]

@@camsterdam3896 Future proofing

[@sploofmcsterra4786]

6:00 "earliest known.... Was probably"

[@LeeLonnieLove]

But you knew what he meant

[@himarik4609]

The Blue Wave I knew what he meant, however not everyone would. Many people would actually take it as fact. That’s like if I tell a toddler that dogs are the first mammals to walk

[@danielmaylett1710]

Indeed, jaws are e-fish-ient

[@nathansykes9267]

That's enough out of you

[@benallen7704]

Groan

[@manleeman5212]

Love this channel. Great video as always

[@briankleinschmidt3664]

I learned that sharks aren't as primitive as we thought. Stunning.

[@frozencryst4324]

I must say, thank you for these educational videos. They help a lot when I feel sick.

[@kieranfar9923]

Love your channel keep up the good work👍

[@impendio]

I need a full video on the evolution of fish, jawed, cartilaginous, divergence points common ancestors, the whole package

[@squoosetiel]

0:29 🎶 it's the Cambrian explosion 🎶

[@johnwilliamson2276]

I am very happy that I stumbled onto this channel! Thanks for the in depth information that is absent elsewhere.

[@austinmccormick8952]

Thank you so much for mentioning the Sea Scorpion

[@marisolizawesome]

Narrator: "And were unable to push their mouth together with anymore force than you can push your lips together" Me: *starts smashing my lips on my finger*

[@Vypren]

As a fisherman, I can’t watch a video about prehistoric fish without imagining catching one on rod and reel.

[@beneficent2557]

There is a lot of really great freshwater fish that retain archaic traits. Alligator Gars have amazing skulls.

[@Vypren]

@@beneficent2557 Yup. Just like sharks and crocodiles, they hardly evolved at all these past millions of years.

[@ZayZoot]

@@Vypren, If you fish in bodies of freshwater that are known to have a lot of freshwater non Teleost ray finned fish (Like Gars, Bowfins, Sturgeons, Paddlefish, Bichirs, and Reedfish), Teleost fish that have bony tongues (such as Arapaima or Arowana), or lungfish you will be able to fish so many prehistoric fish that it will be near impossible to catch a fish that isn't a living fossil.

[@Keigo_88]

Jaw bones: *exists Large theropod dinosaurs, crocodilians, and sharks: It's free real-estate

[@KapiteinKrentebol]

1:08 Talking about surprised Pikachu face.

[@wcdeich4]

Very well made :) I agree, the placoderm jaw & the bony fish jaw & the cartilaginous fish jaw are not just convergent evolution! They definitely share common ancestry! But what if the armor on the placoderms was convergent? Like you said, they were incredibly diverse. And they were all under extreme selective pressure from ammonites & sea scorpions & even each other. So then heterostracans, osteostracans & placoderms may not be very close related. And the placoderms certainly have a preservation advantage. Whereas, with cartilaginous fish, sometimes all we have are a few placoid scales & we don't know if it was a shark, shark relative, or something else. So, the placoderms could have inherited their jaws from a cartilaginous ancestor that did not fossilize well.

[@wcdeich4]

However!!!!!!!! Let me be fair --- the idea that modern bony fish are placoderms that lost their armor & cartilaginous fish are placoderms that lost their bulky armor & lost the calcium phosphate from their bones, does have the advantage of being most in line with the fossil evidence. It's just many experts think placoderms inheriting their jaws from a cartilaginous ancestor that did not fossilize well is more parsimonious - and that view point is certainly possible given the "poverty of the fossil record" - and the fossil record can be especially limited that far back in time. I am not an expert - I just study this stuff as a hobby & I try to appreciate both viewpoints.

[@wcdeich4]

Also, you're absolutely correct, the end Devonian extinction was what did in the armored fish, not just competition from other fish. Part of that may be that all the giant sea scorpions went extinct so the, so they were no longer under so much selective pressure to be armored. And that does lend credibility to the idea that surviving placoderms lost their armor & gave rise to other fish. Whether placoderms passed down their jaw to both bony & cartilaginous fish, or only bony fish descend from placoderms & cartilaginous fish got the jaw from a common ancestor, or whether all 3 got the jaw from a common ancestor - I just don't know. Like I said, I am not an expert, so I just try to appreciate all the options.

[@teamrredball]

Should be ".. animals LEARNED to bite". Other than that headline error, the piece is, as always, excellent.

[@regular-joe]

Both acceptable and in common use: learned/learnt, leaped/leapt, dreamed/dreamt. There are others.

[@stevenseta5312]

There is a slight inaccuracy with the date of the first appearance of complex multicellular life, the first complex multicellular organisms appeared close to 579,000,000 years ago during the Ediacaran, and later the first mollusks like Kimberella Quadrata would appear close to 558,000,000 years ago, also during the Ediacaran period, 635,000,000 years ago to 541,000,000 years ago.

[@lipton3120]

What's the animal at 3:25? Its seemingly large gills amazed me. I would like to check it out.

[@mothlightmedia1936]

Whale shark

[@abdulrafay8412]

I just watch ur videos for ur calming voice 🙂

[@randomconsumer4494]

Gettin' Learnt with MothLight.

[@injunsun]

Belissimo, as always. Bravo; please, continue. Yours is one of the best small channels I've found, where unlike so many others, I've never felt the need here to correct bad Latin pronunciations, or deal with someone's accent being so shite, one can barely tell what they're saying.

[@shadowraith1]

Thanks again.🙂

[@dreamcastboy1]

If this guy isn't careful he'll end up being an ASMR Saint.

[@atomspalter2090]

Cool video!

[@Evolved_Skeptic]

Makes me wonder how different things might have been had we descended from something marginally closer to *Dunkleosteus* (with it's extraordinary shearing jawbone extentions in place of teeth)..? Or if our body plans had been based round *Six Limbs* ( *Hexapodal* ) instead of *Four* ( *Tetrapodal* )..?

[@ltchugacast131]

Hexapod ecosystem is Pandora

[@ALV5252]

there would have been Angels and real dragons if the Hexapodal make-up was adopted.

[@RISKS_V]

If ‘we’ ‘evolved’ from something ‘else’, I wouldn’t ‘think’ that ‘we’ would be considered us ‘anymore’, do ‘you’ know what I ‘mean’?

[@Evolved_Skeptic]

@@RISKS_V Indeed. No more bipedal, dextrous, verbose, sociable, apes with hypertrophied brains... What other *Sapience* could develop to fill this niche? (Presuming that intellect & consciousness repeatedly develops - as the evidence suggests. Evolution has no end goal, after all.) We now know that at least 5 other cousin Primates developed both Sentience & Sapience - if profoundly different to *Homo Sapiens* *(Neanderthals, Denisovans* & another, as of yet unnamed branch of *Homo,* then our far more distant relatives, *Chimpanzees* & *Gorillas).* But then there are all the *_Sub-Sapients,_* organisms that are almost - but not quite - Sapient: *Canids, Felids, Ursids, Corvids, Orca, Dolphins* & (going back a ways) *Dromaeosaurs.* (Plus all those I've missed...) We were lucky enough to be land-dwellers, warm-blooded, bipedal, with the capacity to grap things with our hands, the metabolism that could handle such aa tremendously energy-hungry brain & our social structure that's stimulated verbal communication. *_If we could give some, or all, of these characteristics to these Sub-Sapients (through genetic engineering ⊚), what could we create..!?_* [ *_This concept is called "Uplift"_* ] ⊚ As _Scientifically Unethical_ as this would be...

[@JoelJernbergPalm]

@@RISKS_V shut up

[@Drakonus_]

Fun fact: The first KZbin channel had 'Jaw' in their name, coincidence? I think not.

[@jgr7487]

cue X-files theme

[@aryyancarman705]

jawed lmao

[@m3meses]

0:58 everything reminds me of her... 😔

[@MikiBreki]

Great video

[@LDrosophila]

Thank you for this content

[@joeshmoe6930]

The evolution of the geometry of life is such a strange subject to dwell on, thinking about it I mean. So odd to think about how it all came to be, why, etc. How did the DNA or genes, or both... decide on underbite or overbite, or noverunderbite etc.

[@MrT_Rex]

1:10 HOLLY JESUS, WTF IS THAT ?!

[@lirima-hirumi]

*the forbidden fleshlight* with extra *succ* power

[@ulink265]

The *succ* god

[@J05H241]

I was literally wondering this exactly and what do you know, Moth Light came to the rescue again.

[@altdelet3778]

Thanks for the jawbone fish

[@Oscar-kp6ob]

great video, keep it up! :)

[@DesertScorpionKSA]

This is a good video. Thanks.

[@CJFreeza]

Hmmm now apply all of this to Helicorprion and see how that works. This video makes a great foundation for why Helicorprion is currently wrong.

[@1yearago491]

Can you do evolution of the backbone next? I think my husband missed that one.

[@MalcolmCooks]

girl get a divorce

[@kennethsatria6607]

Its so weird to imagine being jawless

[@kaiden7063]

Another great video

[@tsaszymborska7389]

5:14 If placodermi were the ancestors of the other two, shouldn’t their picture be on the ‘T-crossing’ in the right side of the picture?

[@pansepot1490]

Scientists never do that because there’s no way to be sure about direct ancestry. They think placoderm species they have fossils for were siblings or cousins of the actual placoderm that developed into bony and cartilaginous fish. For short we can say: “they were ancestors” but in reality the meaning is that “the actual ancestors (probably) were exactly or very similar to this species we have found”. That’s why they use that particular graphic format where the “ancestor” is not on the intersection of the branching.

[@semitendinosus]

@@pansepot1490 damn, that's actually a very interesting side note and explanation for this. thank you

[@lassebirkhenriksen]

Ah, Ye.. my favorite animal. THE JAW BONE

[@justsomeguygrowingabeard5897]

I used to own a big book of dinosaurs and other ancient things. And it went from era to era from the very first thing, and now I can't find it anymore.

[@spockamania]

Alternative title: Evolution of the Jaws of Life

[@Nomans_Nomen]

It’s really strange to think that this fish is our ancestor.

[@northumbriabushcraft1208]

Wasn't expecting that parrotfish to get nommed outta nowhere by that massive flatfish, anyone know what it was, maybe a wobbegong?

[@bucky145]

Some kind of angelshark I think

[@Bga1412]

If a time machine ever gets created I'm calling the name Cambrian fishing charters right now

[@mikel6668]

Just as interesting the second time as it was the first time

[@thefisherking78]

Fascinating!!

[@IanMott]

Well done

[@dantonwatson3297]

Can we just talk about how that fish in the opening of the vid looks sick

[@CreateCleverKids]

Very interesting. Love pre Mesozoic stuff.

[@claudekingstan4084]

One important take away is that prehistoric fish did not have many things: jawbone, pectoral fins, a powerful tail. Thus it is interesting to thing that our modern fish are also missing countless more advantageous parts that won’t evolve to be for several hundred million years as well.

[@vassa1972]

Interesting video

[@dougthedonkey1805]

2:59 OH NO

[@claudekingstan4084]

Due to convergence evolution, all alien lifeforms will also have a jawbone. The reason is all predators have to eat and without a jaw to grab on to a prey, it will not survive to make offsprings.

[@jextra1313]

It's still possible for them to have squid beaks, lamprey discs, insect proboscises, or something else.

[@stuckylar]

2:58 did anyone else laugh a little at this?

[@ameliacrasman9955]

Where do you get the songs in these videos? I really enjoy this one What is the name of it?

[@Mbderps]

who else busted a laugh at 1:12? lol that face.

[@monkeseeaction21987]

Thanks, jaws!

[@vassa1972]

Cool stuff

[@mansamusa933]

I taught it to my litten at lv15 shame it takes these Pokemon millions of years

[@jamesklark6562]

How did the tongue come to be?

[@pepesylvia848]

"Gibs me dat energy stored in ur body tissues, sheeeeit" - Entelognathus, circa 400mya

[@samsalamander8147]

We are all just modified fish

[@drjelly9089]

Modified bacteria

[@dani.lepore9410]

@@drjelly9089 modified Rna strands covered by membranes and proteins, that became two different lineages of cells, then one ate the other and they became a bigger cell that ended up bonding together with his siblings

[@Dattebayo04]

We don't descend from bacteria. We are Eukaryotes. Bacteria are Prokarotes. There is no ancestor/descendant relationship

[@jill3343]

Learned.

[@nevaeHlHello]

Jaws are older than Trees