His father is actually Tamiya because the info dump in Yakuza 3 was him making up for lost time with his son
@suckassmork29723 ай бұрын
No way! It's Masayoshi Yokoyama's alt account. Where's my Judgement 3?!?
@aic88013 ай бұрын
His dad is keanu reeves
@zubankesari74643 ай бұрын
@@aic8801 why does this make sense?
@phantomaigis22913 ай бұрын
Yakuza 10: kiryu finds out his parents are secret Koreans
@AdApT3Rx3 ай бұрын
😂
@JacopoBerzeatti103 ай бұрын
Im surprised this wasn’t a plot twist in yakuza 2
@icedmilkteaa3 ай бұрын
they could have been a part of the jingweon... 😭💀
@muhammeterdemakbulut3 ай бұрын
Yakuza 10: Kiryu finds out his father is turkish mafia guy and his mother is a yakuzas daughter (Y3 Kiryu looks like a %100 turk genetic dude fcked a peak japanese yakuza women, yes im talking about big asf eyes while still looking japanese, THIS IS THE ONLY WAY)
@moroxian89203 ай бұрын
@@muhammeterdemakbulut The idea thay Kiryu is a half turk is very funny to me, thanks for that insight.
@arturogabriel68633 ай бұрын
I like the fact that he is just an orphan and we know nothing about his parents, it helps make an emphasis on the bonds of the yakuza and the way he learned to understand what it means to have a family.
@CidGuerreiro12343 ай бұрын
Yeah, there's simply no need to expand on his parents. They were regular, unremarkable people who got involved with the wrong guys and ended up killed. That's it.
@GoodTato3 ай бұрын
Like a Dragon 13: "Kiryu... You too have the blood of Sparda"
@PotatoVoid2553 ай бұрын
Bruh all those punks saying he’s a demon is becoming true
@odin96283 ай бұрын
I would genuinely kill myself if this happens
@Yanramich3 ай бұрын
@@GoodTato considering that sparda fucked right off for milk and never came back, it's possible
@SalesmanWave3 ай бұрын
@@odin9628 Way to take away all the fun away from a comment.
@MikeJr92843 ай бұрын
The world may never know why Kazama killed Kiryu’s parents.
@HanzoHimemiya3 ай бұрын
the lore was how Kazama killed Kiryu's parents, probably is was more an incident than in purpose.
@pixytorres71173 ай бұрын
@@HanzoHimemiya nah, he's parents were probably involved in gang activities or either they didn't pay the loans they took from Yakuza family or sth like that.
@jeangreffsbp3 ай бұрын
@@HanzoHimemiya Nope, the orphanage was created explictly for the kids of people Kazama killed, he was a known Hitman for Dojima
@nazarcool52003 ай бұрын
if kiryu has parents, then what about suzuki and joryu? do they have parents tho?
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
That's worth looking into for another video, thanks for the idea!
@CapybaraLord753 ай бұрын
Hi Niko
@weedGato3 ай бұрын
Joryu is a little too mysterious since he only appears in one game
@harmansingh951003 ай бұрын
Don't forget about Kiryuin either
@DeathCrunch3 ай бұрын
@@nazarcool5200 What about his secrect twin brother that speaks English and works with Mi5, John Yakuza .
@dsagent3 ай бұрын
His dad is Kenshiro from Fist of the North Star. After the events of the anime, Kenshiro travelled to another dimension and married some woman. The woman died due to Kazama and Kenshiro was forced to go back to his own dimension so he put the child up for adoption. That is my theory and I don't care about facts.
@RafaeL_1373 ай бұрын
Screw fact-checking and doing my own research, I'm gonna start believing people
@alihorda3 ай бұрын
Facts don't care about your feelings. And your theory is in fact true according to my delusions.
@PK.RWL173 ай бұрын
Yh, and Raoh is Ryuji's actual dad (he bears more resemblance with him than Jin does)
@irsyadiaryadiva94303 ай бұрын
It's funny that Kiryu was born in Yokohama and the second half of his part in Infinite Wealth is set in the said town and we don't get any information or clues about his real parents.
@LightNoteHouse3 ай бұрын
There's one thing I wanna add from this info I collected from Tv Tropes Wiki: Considering Shintaro Kazuma is finest hitman of Tojo Clan, It's implied that his parent were apparently dangerous enough to justify sending the aforementioned finest assassin in the Tojo Clan after them. I guess the badass is apt word for Kiryu's deceased biological family. It's just a theory though as we, players don't know much until RGG studio decide to throw in some lore in future.
@Yanramich3 ай бұрын
considering that kiryu is a tank it probably was partially genetic so that's not far off the mark
@VascoLorde3 ай бұрын
@@Yanramich I’m guess kiryu’s mom or dad, or even both, were prodigies, but just couldn’t compare to Kazama, as, in y0 in others games, in his youth he was a BEAST, or, kiryus parents were just average people, but kiryu was the start of the Kazuma bloodline to start the renown strength.
@TheOverlordENDАй бұрын
@@VascoLorde I like to believe the former, and because they're that dangerous they send an Assassin to silently killed them without confrontation.
@Demonxsmit3 ай бұрын
We don't even know who majima parents are but I seen a little rumor on reddit that they were librarians
@Mel91883 ай бұрын
The fact we know Kiryu's father was a Yakuza thanks to the movie being lore-accurate is just, mind-blowing. Could be a reason he regrets joining the Tojo after the first games, it opens discussion for so many interpretations, both in terms of his personality and emotional temperament.
@stefanavious3 ай бұрын
I have no insight today because I'm still watching the video but the videos cutting to Guntaro Kazama when you said, "skilled as a fighter" and then the footage sorta lagging during the bowing entrance scene was peak Cinema.
@SasukeUchiha5DX3 ай бұрын
I think it's perfectly fine to leave that a mystery. I think it's good to leave a characters backround up to your imagination at times. We literally don't know anything about Majima prior to him being 20 and I like that. Tho watch the next game reveal that Majima's parents were pirates and they just yeeted him off at Tokyo bay as a baby.
@elijahfyffe51763 ай бұрын
We do know that Kiryu is a decedent of Musashi at least. This also gives a bit of an idea as to why his parents had to go. Kiryu’s dad probably was a monster to fight and most likely served as a threat to the Tojo.
@GreymanGaGotoku3 ай бұрын
Glad you talked about this and mentioned the Prologue movie. It’s pretty good for a glorified advertisement for the game.
@Reviel18993 ай бұрын
I'm loving these video essays and theories you've started making. Please do more of them.
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
Thank you for the wonderful feedback ❤
@zachataxxii71263 ай бұрын
You mentioned it as another topic already, but Kazama was taking out targets, putting their kids in his orphanage, and said kids would idolize & end up joining him in the Yakuza with Kiryu never doubting Kazama's intentions until all the way to a Gaiden substory (I know he never wanted Kiryu & Nishiki to join, but he still let them even though with his resources, there must have been a better alternative and we don't know if there were more kids like those two who felt & maybe did the same thing). That just sounds real manipulative to me, and I feel like it's too late to really give anymore context to that (Unless they make a prequel, and I will admit, a Kazama prequel is probably the only other prequel I'd really care for in this series) Anyways, Kiryu's parents. I never watched the movie so I didn't know any of that. It's interesting, but I don't know how to feel about them being Yakuza as well. To me, I always figured they were just people at the wrong place at the wrong time, which I feel fits Kiryu's character & tragedy of how such small mistakes made in the moment have life-changing consequences. Having them also be Yakuza feels kinda weird & sorta undermines his idolization of the Yakuza if he were to know that (Kiryu moves past that anyway, but one of the main things in his series-wide character arc is realizing how terrible the Yakuza was even then and how it's a shadow of its former self now, which leads to him personally help dissolve it) Just some rambling thoughts, hopefully it's cohesive at least (TBF it's been a while since I played these games now, so there's definitely some details I'm forgetting lol). Good video!
@cerver67653 ай бұрын
Kazama basically runs an orphanage full of the kids he had orphaned due to killing their parents. Which, got me thinking…if Ishin is anything to go off of, it makes one wonder what Kiryu’s real father was like? Anyone in Kiryu’s bloodline is just built different by default. So, I imagine Kazama probably didn’t have an easy time taking out Kiryu’s biological father. Not to mention, Kazama is usually sent to high profile individuals, Kiryu’s dad was definitely no skinny salary man. a Yakuza hitman wouldn't take out just some random salaryman, whoever Kiryu's father was, he was someone important. Someone who could threaten the Tojo, somehow. So, there was reason to believe...Kiryu's papa was a Yakuza.
@sanriobraincell3 ай бұрын
@@cerver6765 *puts out cigarette and swigs a Premium Malt* _Yakuza..? Always has been._
@DMAN993 ай бұрын
@@cerver6765not necessarily. Sure, narratively having Kiryu’s parents be nobodies feels like a wasted opportunity and it’d be hard to imagine some randos as the parents of Kiryu but realistically it could’ve just been some dude who learnt to much or tried to steal some of the Yakuza’s money or what have you. We’ve seen before in the series and definitely in real life that the Yakuza can and will be ruthless to anyone that steps in their way even for small scale stuff. All it takes is one dude screwing the numbers enough to steal some of the Yakuza’s cash flow or Kiryu’s dad could’ve just been so low level no name Yakuza who managed to piss off the wrong family and ended up dead.
@aronsurakh17473 ай бұрын
when I watched it, the fact it was lower budget actually made it wholesome, tends to make it feel less like a movie imo
@Saiyef963 ай бұрын
Due to Kazama’s confession, I always assumed that he killed Nishiki and Yuko’s parents by causing the gas leak that killed them in the Like a Dragon: Prologue, which is especially striking for Kazama, even as a legendary hitman, to kill them in such a rather cruel and horrible way when Yakuza 2 showed him trying to be merciful to the Koreans; I have to assume either Kazama or Nishiki’s parents caused the gas leak while they were asleep so they didn’t die a slow horrible death by asphyxiation. But I guess going by your interpretation, Nishiki and Yuko’s parents ended themselves feeling cornered by being chased by the Yakuza, Kazama presumably being the one who was pursuing them and blaming himself for their resulting deaths. After all, he similarly blamed himself for the deaths of Yumi’s parents for being bystanders caught in his shootout even though Kazama himself wasn’t the one who killed them.
@Joex0f3 ай бұрын
video right on time for breakfast
@tattoprism496gr3 ай бұрын
Personally, I'm more curious about Majima's childhood than kiryu. He is mentioned in the mouth of Majima himself as an orphan by birth in yakuza 4, and his childhood is shrouded in mystery. I'm very curious about how he got into the tojo clan and how he got Shimano as his big brother.
@Handlelesswithme3 ай бұрын
Shimano saw Majima’s potential so was molding him into the mad dog Which was hinted in Yakuza 0
@vibing_dragon993 ай бұрын
Considering how strong Kiryu is I know his dad (or mom) was a MENACE. Maybe not a bad person since Kiryu has always naturally been good hearted and has good morals and intentions (you can also discuss this is because of Kazama) but I know they were really strong at least
@Ozvkro3 ай бұрын
in yakuza 20 we'll be able to play as Kiryu's father back in 1950~60, mark my words
@tomaszbartkowiak1573 ай бұрын
Nice vid! And yeah it's one of those interesting topics that we will probably never get a canonical answer for, at least in games. Still, interesting that there's a movie that kinda answers that question. Up to this point I only knew only about that one movie that covers Y1 story. Good stuff, mate 😊
@sniper7123 ай бұрын
Man thanks for those little lore drops, maybe one day RGG will give us some real answers
@wtfthisisntminecraft35013 ай бұрын
I had this theory prior to the release of Infinite Wealth that this would be the game where we would find out, and how Kiryu would be indirectly related to Ichiban, in that they're cousins or something of the sort. Like Akane would see Kiryu and say something like "Hold on... you look just like someone I once knew" before revealing that she knew his parents. I did the math and it roughly adds up that Akane or Masumi Arakawa could be of a similar age as Kiryu's parents. If we assume that they were both 18 at the time Kiryu was born (1968), then that would have meant they would have been only 7 years older than Arakawa, who was 11 at that point. Which sounds like a somewhat believable age range between siblings. Or cousins, for that matter. We also don't know Akane's exact age, making this scenario even more believable. After all, Arakawa didn't say anything about Kiryu's parents when they met, so the revelation would've had to have come from Akane instead. Honestly, I'm a little bummed out it didn't happen, I feel like it would've been a nice touch on Kiryu's last game (for real this time), but that's probably for the better for each of the characters involved. Just underlines the reoccuring themes of a "found family" in the franchise.
@zahariaspage94133 ай бұрын
Wow replaying Yakuza 3 in the moment and in the chapter where Saki (Nakahara's daughter) is kidnapped Kiryu tried to cheer Nakahara up. In that moment he tells him that he has no memories of his birth parents. I didn't remember it but it's cool that it was actually brought up in a game .
@Boyzby3 ай бұрын
I think I would've really wanted this answer like 10 years ago, but when I got into Berserk, the same question came up for Guts. Some comment on a video said whoever Guts's parents were doesn't matter and is actually counter to the story, and I think that's just as true for Kiryu. Who his parents were or why they were killed didn't influence who he is now-it was Kazama, it was Yumi, it was Nishiki, it was KUZEEEEEEEE, etc.
@Hordon7433 ай бұрын
Kiryu’s parents are Batman and Fred durst this is canon
@soulslight14963 ай бұрын
I think it would be nice to have a game with kazama in his younger days
@sarahcivilization99053 ай бұрын
True yakuza negative one lost gaiden judgment
@lucette55553 ай бұрын
This would give an opportunity to have a Yakuza game set around the 60s or 70s and I'd fucking love it
@JacopoBerzeatti103 ай бұрын
That would be so cool, but too difficult rn because Kazama voice actor died 😢
@Hiroakiarai883 ай бұрын
@@JacopoBerzeatti10he's younger though just get a different guy
@hello_nishiki3 ай бұрын
I’ve been wondering ‘who is nishiki’s parents’
@Shy_Abi3 ай бұрын
10
@ashton73083 ай бұрын
Years
@whotookmari3 ай бұрын
In
@komisan57573 ай бұрын
the
@zaink70373 ай бұрын
Joint
@TMac8173 ай бұрын
Nailed it with this vid bro!
@lizdevilz72713 ай бұрын
Maybe Kiryu’s dad was KYODAIS we had made along the way…
@SilverBld3 ай бұрын
Man, I want a Kazuma stand-alone game that would be incredible I'm kinda surprised there's not a lot of requests for this
@irtazakhan22433 ай бұрын
Imagine a Kazama prequel game where the final boss is Kiryu's father or smthn, that'd be cool!
@EdoloChannel3 ай бұрын
YOOOOOOOO YOOOOOOOOOOOOO
@dominadaemonisociopataenpr64983 ай бұрын
You don't find intriguing all about Kiryu been born in Yokohama as source for theories? It hasn't so much interes when it was revealed in those blogs as now that we know more about that city since LaD7 and 8 happened.
@zizoplays3343 ай бұрын
God, if kiryu's father had an actual Yakuza family, then the kiryu family is actually a real thing
@thegoatishere50793 ай бұрын
A yakuza game were you don’t know if your kiryus dad would be insane
@sanriobraincell3 ай бұрын
to think this is essentially "How I Met Your Mother: Gaiden" is killing me
@bigbruh3073 ай бұрын
plot point for yakuza 12 🙏
@onionbrotm5703 ай бұрын
The Father of the Dragon.
@Milty20013 ай бұрын
I remember having a fever dream that rgg made a spin off yakuza game where we play as Kazuma pulled a itachi move where he wiped out the Korean mafia but found out that among them were kiryu's parents and Kazuma didn't want kiryu to watch him take out his parents because he didn't want to traumatize him so instead he fabricated a story and adopted him
@mr.frenzy370920 күн бұрын
If Kiryu is actually a Taira clan descendant, that would be so poetic
@djmexicanodetx21953 ай бұрын
Interesting video!
@tonyc.04513 ай бұрын
Hi, Leon. The Playstation 2 launch game Summoner and its sequel also had protagonists who had unnamed parents. Just wanted to throw that out. Anyway, I, too, sometimes wondered who Kiryu's parents were. Now I wonder if Kiryu considered reuniting with them in the afterlife now that the events of Infinite Wealth happened. I also wonder how Kiryu's life would have happened differently if he still had his parents or if he never joined the yakuza in the first place.
@Szymon789763 ай бұрын
Hey Leon, i just wanted to say that I really enjoy the lore videos!!
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
Aww thank you! Very happy to hear that
@ttilah___3 ай бұрын
i was obviously really surprised when it was revealed why sunflower orphanage is a thing, but that lead me to be super intrigued about the lore behind it. like its disappointing that we will never know how kiryu, nishiki and yumi’s parents were tied to the yakuza and what they did to be killed by kazama. i honestly wouldnt mind an entire game based around this plot hole.
@walderoni98653 ай бұрын
Love your lore videos
@klaus.sfc01official303 ай бұрын
Imagine for the 20th anniversary of yakuza/RGG/LAD "Like a dragon gaiden: the man who killed kiryu's parents"
@RodgerSkelton3 ай бұрын
Given How close the name Kazama and Kazuma are there’s always a part of me that thinks he is Kazama’s son. Hidden to not draw attention but close enough to keep an eye on. Probably having a similar story to Ichiban.
@Rafe-ignacius3 ай бұрын
Well, Kazama is the last name and Kazuma is the first name. Not impossible, though
@suckassmork29723 ай бұрын
That's the only reason the eng dub of Yakuza changed Kazama into Fuma.
@hammerdmx9823 ай бұрын
Ngl, the movie with its setting and low budget, makes most of the scenes "feel like home" it has its charm cuz of it, places you could spend your everyday life
@JohnnySilverhand-wd3rz3 ай бұрын
What about majima
@NarwhalRoger3 ай бұрын
Cmon guys, we will see Kiryu’s parents as bartenders in Yakuza 12: limitless breth(ren)
@cm61383 ай бұрын
I want to imagine for shits and giggles that his dad’s name is somehow Joryu
@realzekrom26683 ай бұрын
His father must have been a beast, or maybe his mom
@staticyba13 ай бұрын
ALMOST AT 100k SUBS BABY!!!!!
@0p_leon3 ай бұрын
Imagine game where you play as kiryus father and you find out all thease questions
@ThijsVanAmstel3 ай бұрын
So close to 100k
@gianncmedina78053 ай бұрын
I like to believe hes actually part of the Amon Clan and Shintaro Has Honorable Battle with His Dad( a High Ranked Amon family Member lets say like So's Cousin Brother but is ill) and he gives him to Shintaro Kazama to hide away since lets say they wanted to leave that life behind (Kiryu's Dad and Mom). Kiryu Needing a new name is given well... Kiryu :).
@Dragonfury30003 ай бұрын
A story about finding out his parents would be sweet.
@bjhale2 ай бұрын
It's a little strange to me that the games have made a far bigger deal out of Kasuga's parents than Kiryu's, despite Kiryu having been the main protagonist for far longer. But at this point, I don't think I'd want them going back that far into his past for a game in the present era.
@SoPe_003 ай бұрын
1:44 he had what? like infinite?
@faeronix3 ай бұрын
They honestly should make a Yakuza -1 (not literally name it that) where we can play as papa Kazama, maybe kuze, and maybe Kiryu's actual dad? It'd be neat seeing Japan being restored after WW2 as the yakuza historically helped and also flourished after that time.
@sandorbence20673 ай бұрын
His parents are totally irrelevant and they have to be. If they were even a least bit good it would contradict the Kazama being a saint angle. Especially considering that Kazama single handedly filled up a whole orphanage, that's a lot of dead parents overall and a lot of women too. And for a series that tries to avoid violence towards women (at least by the good guys) it's pretty hard to explain that role model and master tactician Kazama just casually killing (probably mostly civilian) women.
@senhorpoposheipado3 ай бұрын
Another set of parents that would be nice to know, would be Yagami parents and its murder, can be plot If any Judgment series game will be made in the Future
@abdullahgamer75753 ай бұрын
Another video already? Bro is cooking
@Nix_Abyss3 ай бұрын
Yakuza 9: The Rubber Bullet Family A Kazuma Story
@SarmInTheHat70303 ай бұрын
Nishiki sister is with nanba brother they are both daidoji agents lurking in the shadows Seriously this topic 8 never thought about as its never delved much into it while bonds are common them themes they are bonds of friendship or love chosen family as it may i think outside of ichiban we don't really know of other protags parents tanimura dad get mention but he dead and same goes for Yagami parents
@kamarocho3 ай бұрын
Kiryu is actually my and Chitose Fujinomiya's son.
@Norrabal3 ай бұрын
I like the implication of a mr and mrs kiryu
@joshuabrien29703 ай бұрын
Im suprised they have never made a scene showing why kazama killed kiryus parents
@yoloberto10253 ай бұрын
Lore video = peak video 😎 🔥
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
Yoloberto comment = peak comment 😊
@static7593 ай бұрын
Somehow someway it’s Heihachi
@derrkadurr4733 ай бұрын
We need a RGG -1
@ArcadeFanatic993 ай бұрын
If we were to go with what the movie claims about his parents being yakuza, then all the people (both jokingly and seriously) asking for a prequel with the top Dojima lieutenants in their prime, and Kazama as the protagonist, are heavily missing out on what would be the best Yakuza game ever made. Fuck the tojo clan, I want to see the story of the absolute monsters who created the genetic freak called Kiryu Kazuma.
@XWhoeverX3 ай бұрын
if that's what happened to Nishiki's parents that would make him far more tragic than he already is
@memerboi71283 ай бұрын
They spent 10 years in the-
@Quantum7223 ай бұрын
The Kiryu's Billy Butcher to Ichiban's Hughie Campbell
@slickfinisher1233 ай бұрын
Did u know that his actual name is Smiryu Smazuma?
@cman89953 ай бұрын
RGG needs to make a series out of Kiryu's father, just like how MGS made Big Boss into a secondary series protagonist They can easily make post-war'kuza with him thanks to that part of the lore being completely blank It's much better to milk Big Boss Kiryu in his prime, than continue milking 60 year old cancer patient
@manukau52713 ай бұрын
I thought they were dragons
@PsychicGirl3 ай бұрын
If I know anything about these games it's that the answer is always secret Koreans.
@MrJedroi2583 ай бұрын
His parents are James Yakuza and Jane Like a Dragon
@katakuna1853 ай бұрын
Wat bout uncle Joji(yakuza 3)?, we gon just slap him as just an “evil” twin?
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
He's just the cool uncle 🤣
@suckassmork29723 ай бұрын
That evil twin has a private sr-71 black bird. He's cool in my books.
@bruhmoment50833 ай бұрын
They were secretly Korean and so was killed by Kazama.
@lonniecfireillbemayorsomeday3 ай бұрын
Honestly I always thought you was going to be a secret Korean
@MadDogSolo3 ай бұрын
One thing for sure is we don’t know shit about them, besides the fact that Kazama killed them and all of the parents of the other kids too.
@themomiuss3 ай бұрын
Kiryu is related to Yuta
@Max-qb5ui3 ай бұрын
Have you seen the theory that Kashiwagi is Nishiki’s dad?
@CallumsArmy3 ай бұрын
theres no way he's old enough to be nishiki's dad tho surely
@devilleon73 ай бұрын
I think I may have heard it somewhere once but there's no proof to it at all from what I know.
@imbored20063 ай бұрын
@@CallumsArmy20 year gap
@Max-qb5ui3 ай бұрын
@@devilleon7 it’s just a theory but basically it’s about Kashiwagi being a target of Kazama and that’s how he got his scar, but for some reason Kazama spared him and let him work under him and took his kids (Nishiki) in to Sunflower. Kashiwagi was the one pushing for Nishiki to get his own family, he only appears in the Judgment cinematic when Nishiki is there, and he takes an immediate liking to Ichiban who resembles him. Probably not true at all but definitely interesting
@robertbernard78443 ай бұрын
I forget where, but I somehow remember in one of the games Kiryu saying that he didn't even remember the faces of his parents, and that Kazama was the only father he knew. He must've been around 5 by the time, so whether or not his parents were good to him, he never bothered remembering as a child.
@MrIsaac953 ай бұрын
I’m Kiryu’s dad
@Moveset-Mastery3 ай бұрын
Kazama was based
@jeanguimaraes55273 ай бұрын
Could have yakuza -1. Kiryu’s dad saga
@BOAHBOAH2403 ай бұрын
@necus643 ай бұрын
The only way to finally see Kiryu's parents is if RGG makes Ya-Kuze (or Like a Demon) and makes a substory where Kuze meets young Kiryu along with his parents and we learn more about his dad, precisely the probable reason why Shintaro had to kill them both
@Sputnik_Man3 ай бұрын
Kiryu's dad is John Yakuza and his mom is Jane Yakuza, both died by falling off of a *ruff*