Why Black Hole Environments Are a Lot More Complicated Than We Thought

[@anttam117]

I want to congratulate you. Yours is one of the few cosmology channels on KZbin worth anyone’s time. I like how you respect both the viewers’ intelligence and the subject matter. No bombastic background music, no movie-trailer style voice over. Just the science, the mystery and the awe of it all. Please, keep on the great work you’re doing!

[@christophermullins7163]

Agree 100%. I recently found astrum and I feel like I fell off the cliff of knowledge with no one around to pull me out. So much wonderfully created content on this channel to grow someone's understand of this universe.. it's simply astonishing.

[@melchezediek]

I second that. There was a channel whose name I can't remember, possibly the one that inspired your post, which I assume because I woke up to a video of theirs playing and it was guilty of all the sins you just described... And I remember, with that being my first impression of the channel and first waking thought that morning, just rolling my eyes. It was just so corny. All the melodramatic metaphors they kept dropping to describe celestial phenomena with equally melodramatic classical music in the background really started to wear on me.

[@flexico64]

I completely agree with this!

[@novobeast3146]

It's not that serious, ant

[@ephemera2]

Except a lot of it is wrong and therefore contradictory and therefore no true understanding

[@morris0429]

Been a longtime fan. You’re what makes youtube great. Thank you!

[@astrumspace]

Thank you so much and for sticking around!

[@sausage6984]

@@astrumspace Here's an idea. Perhaps the action of a black hole is like a tampoline the mass forces the tampoline to it's farthest point. In a black hole perhaps time can never get to absolute zero. The fabric of space like a tampoline maybe elastic. So in a nutshell, perhaps many of black holes have already exploded but the time dialation means the result of the explotion can only be seen in billions of years... from our perspective. What do you think?

[@itsamemario_yahoo]

@@sausage6984 insane, but also really realistic. Could be possible indeed

[@astrumspace]

The supercut of the Black Holes series! All the episodes were written in a way that this supercut could happen once the series was over. I hope it works and it feels like a seamless, epic Astrum episode :)

[@i-am-evil-morty6710]

love you bro!!!

[@wingflanagan]

Yay! Welcomed and appreciated!

[@insane7718]

You commented Very information

[@chriskelly6574]

Sir, in the words of my generation: Dude, you rock!

[@BlackHattie]

Oh. It does feel like it. I hope for more. You are great.

[@AkiraN19]

The ability to condense information and present it in such a way that even someone with no prior knowledge of physics can understand is incredible.

[@cyrileo]

Nice work. 😎👍

[@Mobri]

It isn't entirely correct. Be wary of KZbin teachers.

[@4iMRyan]

If you think you understand physics you don't understand physics

[@testimonyoftime]

Wow has it already been an hour? The amount of professionalism and passion put into this content is nothing short of amazing. Thank you! New sub

[@frankdimeglio8216]

​@christyli8016CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE, AS WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

[@RS250Squid]

I liked the video at the start for the simple reason that the guy expressed a hope that he'd earned a like. It's a rare, and pleasing change from every other youtuber who spams you for ten seconds demanding likes.

[@JohnJones-tx6rt]

@@RS250Squid Right from the start he didn't know whether a black hole has size or not so he used the empty platitude "infinitely small" which could be either or none.

[@ianyboo]

You and Isaac Arthur are the only two KZbin creators that have me gleefully watching hours and hours of content while everybody else is worried that their 3-minute video might start to bore people lol. Well done! Thank you for trusting your audience to have the attention span to match your amazing videos!

[@sonic4331]

You should check out John Michael Godier 🤞🏽 his videos are usually ~20 minutes, but I bet you’d like them if you like these space vids

[@MattHanr]

All hail JMG, the king. If you want something just like this check out Cool Worlds.

[@jonbayuga3238]

Check out SEA.

[@saraschneider5797]

check out the history of the universe; that’s my favorite channel right now!

[@varsityathlete9927]

Anton Petrov channel too.

[@michaelmacdonald2907]

The Universe isn't stranger than we think . . . it's stranger than we Can think. - Werner Heisenberg -

[@stevenmoore3480]

you'd have to be able to define thought for that to be true.

[@kx7500]

@@stevenmoore3480 realize.

[@idontwantahandlethough]

@@stevenmoore3480 I don't think that's actually true though, is it? I believe it's actually more that we would need to define 'thought' to be able to PROVE that it's true. It very well may be true regardless of whether or not we have the tools to prove it or not.. it's not like our understanding of reality has any real effect on reality itself, ya know? (although I suppose then we'd have to have a philosophical debate about what 'true' even means. Is something true because we can prove it's true, or is it true because it just so happens to have the inherent value of being true? Is there an objective truth? Is there any point to considering realities/scenarios that you could never prove completely? Beats me 🤷‍♂)

[@idontwantahandlethough]

@@kx7500 I feel like "fathom", "imagine", or "conceive" is closer imo. To me, it seems like you'd need to understand something first to be able to "realize" it. But... we *_don't_* understand the physics. So it's not only that we can't realize the full reality of the physics, it's that we can't even fathom what they could possibly be. One "realizes" a clock works because it has gears inside of it that turn the machinery. But now imagine it's an alien clock with weird alien tech instead of gears. Even if my bro Wuxnerzp described the clock to you, you wouldn't be able to 'realize' anything at all. First you would need to _imagine_ how such a device might theoretically work, and *then* you could "realize" the full workings of the alien clock. Idk, maybe I'm wrong but "realize" seems to basically be the "final step" of understanding, whereas imagining is one of the first steps.Learn a tiny bit --> [fathom] "hmm, maybe it works something like this!" ---> learn a bunch of stuff --> [realize] "ah, it _must_ work like this because that is the only configuration in which the device functions"

[@quantist4266]

This is a Terrence Mckenna quote, I'm amazed I'm the first to comment this. much love ❤️

[@jhaz89]

Another great video. Appreciate it, Alex. Love the 4K 60 fps. Will donate more in the future and hopefully this comment gets others to throw you a few bucks.

[@astrumspace]

Thank you so much!

[@andrew24601]

I watch a LOT of space videos, and I’ve seen a lot of videos about black holes. I think this one has gone the most in-depth that I’ve seen without being an actual university lecture. Love it!!

[@PaulWillisJr]

This is one of the most digestible and followable simplified explanations of the foundational principles of QFT I've ever heard

[@monasty187]

I am so attracted to space stuff but have to admit it’s always pretty complicated to get a realistic grasp on the information however it’s still interesting even though I don’t really understand it. I have seen countless videos on black holes and in your first 5 minutes you were able to present the information in such a way that I feel I finally have a good understanding of the basic situation now! Thank you so much you definitely have my like, follow, and share! Can’t wait to see the rest of the video

[@yourdreams2440]

Nobody has a realistic grasp on the information. The more you know the more confusing it gets. No one has anything close to definitive answers for this stuff. Enjoy the ride! It's at least extremely interesting.

[@russelpattison124]

@@yourdreams2440 for real though the more I feel like I'm starting to understand some of these concepts the more I feel that it makes no sense and that reality breaks it's own rules on a whim

[@kamakaziozzie3038]

Very few humans have the intellect to grasp these concepts. Humanity is almost to the point where our computers will be able to crunch the numbers that will explain much of quantum mechanics

[@rickyparry7472]

Everything is on such a mind blowing scale it's so hard to get my head around it but now and then I feel like grasp it slightly

[@djuanbenjamin9149]

It’s probably a simulation.

[@lordyharim466]

Physics videos trying not to give people existential crisises challenge (impossible)

[@bloodmoney88]

stupid people cannot understand you.

[@cyrileo]

"Impossible tasks make for the best challenges - even for physics videos." 🤔

[@PfizerBioNTech5G]

never had one, but I admit these topics always fascinated me despite not being able to understand it properly

[@hyliadreamer]

"Crises", not "crisises".

[@lsswappedcessna]

just makes me wanna explore space smh

[@tangodman]

This has to be the most comprehensive and detailed explanation of Black Hole and its properties anywhere in a single video. Enjoyed every single bit of it, even though it will require basic understanding of many concepts of Physics. You have cleared many of my doubts. Exceptional video and keep making such top-quality content specially in these 1 hour long formats.

[@johnkean6852]

No such thing as a black hole don't be fooled.

[@Aegis23]

@@johnkean6852 not sure if you are that ignorant or just a troll.

[@hollowmass738]

did you know black holes are so dense not even light can escape :^)

[@AshleySmith2-lo7oq]

This is, by far, the best explanation of these cosmic concepts I have ever come across. I don't even think this is the first time I have watched this video, but for the first time I am, so far (19:37) understanding it - I think! Certainly, I feel I have a better grasp on these mind boggling ideas than ever before. This channel is incredible! BTW I am not a physicist, I didn't even study physics past GCSE level. I just find it fscinating in my middle age.

[@JohnJones-tx6rt]

Explain "infinitely small" (his words). Is it something with size, no size, or neither? It's a stupid phrase. Also his word "bounce", that was stupid too. Does he actually know what he is talking about?

[@AnthonyGoodley]

26:56 "Space tells matter how to move. Matter tells Space how to curve." - John Wheeler Such a profound quote that helps to make clear such a complicated subject such as Black Holes.

[@friedpicklezzz]

Your work is phenomenal, monumental and important. So much better than what commercial cable channels were pushing out not too long ago. Where were you, dear teacher, when I grew up? You bridge the KZbin audience with very complex topics. Even if 30% is understood on an average, that’s an amazing feat considering the abstract concepts discussed.

[@donaldwellman7516]

Hogo

[@officialkam7892]

Thank you my child, Your spiritual being is a cockroach.

[@varsityathlete9927]

the problem with this type on content on tv, it assumes the audience is new to this type of subject so you get the same stuff repeated show after show, and it rarely brings updates into it. The other problem is they are typically swallow and have to work as if the audience is new to the subject. channels like this can put more detail and take the subjects further. i'd recommend a lot more channels, like Anton Petrov who covers nearly daily updates with science and research.

[@hayleyxyz]

@@varsityathlete9927 They are also tied into strict time limits, and have to work around ad breaks, and have to consider people tuning in halfway through, or people who have not seen previous episodes. The KZbin format has been incredibly liberating for educational content.

[@varsityathlete9927]

@@hayleyxyz all good points.

[@thomass.586]

I'm always amazed by the quality of your content, it's just a pleasure to watch despite the highly complex topics. Btw congratulations to Anton Zeilinger et al. for being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 for their contributions to quantum theory!

[@chriskelly6574]

I too prefer scientists with class over confused apes with tinfoil hats and a dodgy compass.

[@JB52520]

​@@chriskelly6574 The implication is that there are only two options. I'd like to think I'm not an ape, but this tinfoil hat is great for blocking CIA mind control.

[@joebowl8315]

Only seeing two options means you are the ape you see others as. Lol.

[@chriskelly6574]

@@JB52520 I am human and harbour many biased but I insist we are all of us apes well, at least those of us whom can use digital watches, rolls of tinfoil and such. There are always more options it's just that people, nowadays, refuse to use spectacular language infected with style and panache; we are far too serious for that now. How heavy my heart is at the strength to which we hold on to the bitter things, the polarizing things. How fast we lash with hate that I can not but help try - to be an awkward flower in a sea of wet kelp...oops, I'm sorry. I work long hours at things I dislike very much this is all just a coping mechanism. I don't mean your wet kelp...I think my roommate is having that for dinner....

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

@@JB52520 We are apes anyway, kladistically speaking. Apes with very special skills, of course.

[@steadfastwolf2159]

what I learned from 1 hour of this is that black holes are effectively a giant battery that are also incredibly dangerous to tap into.

[@DrJackJeckyl]

Not even salt can escape!

[@Xogroroth666]

It cannot be tapped into. For a plethora of reasons.

[@idontwantahandlethough]

@@Xogroroth666 this is a science channel sir. Plz stop acting like your faith that it's impossible means diddlysquat. It doesn't mean anything. All we know is that it's obviously currently impossible. Is it physically impossible regardless of understanding, time, and resource constraints? Nobody on earth knows the answer to that question (with any real certainty). Unless you are not from earth, then you do not know either. You could add "according to our current understanding of the physics" and that would make it more accurate, but even then I'm not sure that's actually true... and I don't think you do either ;) (if you *are* from another star system, well then.. greetings traveler, welcome to Earth! I hope you come to enjoy living here 🤗)

[@Xogroroth666]

@@idontwantahandlethough Oh, please, do tell me how to overcome all the obstacles, mr science?

[@Xogroroth666]

@@idontwantahandlethough My reaction was to the poster above, for the record.

[@buggalo]

I am so grateful for these fantastic videos. You can break down incredibly complex, mind-blowing topics into bite size pieces, and put those pieces back together to make the bigger picture. and to top it off, you make it all not only cohesive but genuinely interesting!! beautiful work. thank you for making space facts so accessible to people like me. :)

[@joannecunliffe8067]

Alex, your documentaries are amazing - easily as good as BBC Horizon, Equinox or similar series. You should have far more visibility even on TV maybe. I work in IT but am an amateur astronomer and love science documentaries about cosmology, particle physics or similar things. I always scan your channel for new things to watch 🥰

[@mikem.s.1183]

Excellent video. As a Physicist myself, I can only be grateful by the thought process that led to it.

[@jeffmac9642]

There is no such thing as black holes. They are spheres like earth with a surface. Obviously if uranium is the heaviest element in nature on earth , gravity can create something more intense in a dying super giant . Obviously it's too far away to reach such objects and Obviously you couldn't retrieve anything from its surface.

[@johnkean6852]

Physicists should stop lying to people.

[@Aegis23]

@@johnkean6852 oh, and 6ou hold the supreme truth? Phahahah...

[@Cannabinova]

My favorite KZbinrs are uploading long-format today, and I couldn't be happier.

[@ElSolCelta]

The best video/documentary I've ever seen of black holes.

[@JanaiaC]

5:24 -“light can no longer leave, so there’s only darkness” - such an odd thought. Darkness or blackness is always taught to be the absence of light. However, here it’s the confinement of light.

[@TayWoode]

You’ll see all the trapped light and it’ll be too bright when you cross the event horizon as it can’t get out Like pouring water in a well, it’s there but you won’t see it until you get really close and look over the edge

[@ponponpatapon9670]

​@@TayWoode the light ahead of you is indeed stuck at the horizon from afar - but when you fall in, that light (and therefore event horizon itself) just moves 'forward' as you overtake the position that light once was. you don't see anything special once you cross the event horizon

[@TayWoode]

@@ponponpatapon9670 you do if you look behind, you see the universe shrinking and sped up relative to what’s happening to you

[@denissavgir2881]

Your voice sounds like youre constantly smiling

[@TayWoode]

So long as it’s not the tiktok American girl voice that sounds like she’s so annoyingly cheerful

[@vincentcornejo3759]

Good observation. I agree. His voice has joy in it.

[@powasjington4262]

Probably very well endowed and gets with a lot of women

[@PittsPics]

Watched it all, amazing content that I hope you know we all appreciate making it available for us.

[@glentorn5362]

The radical time displacement at or approaching an event horizon is proving to be a challenge for theoretical physics.

[@frankykomeau2803]

Agreed, for sure

[@cyrileo]

👍😊 That's fascinating! It's an exciting time for theoretical physics!

[@mekman]

Wow, that was epic! A fascinating deep-dive into the mind-bending physics involved in black holes. Thanks bunches for doing what you do.

[@johnkean6852]

Star Trek science ie phantasmagorical / fiction.

[@oobrocks]

Who agrees: this channel never disappoints 😊

[@Yongle96]

the best divulgative (yet accurate and rigorous) explanation of black holes i've watched on youtube so far

[@taloweryus]

I always enjoy your content. It's clear and presented in a way that avoids the "gee wiz" tone of so many science channels. Yet, I don't feel like you're talking down to me or that I need a degree in physics to understand you. This was an excellent series on black holes. Thank you for putting it together. I can't wait for your next video!

[@cyrileo]

Nicely said, thanks for the kind words! 🙏 Also, looking forward to the next video too 🤩

[@itisimatadvc]

By far the best, most informative black hole documentary I've seen. It goes into way more depth than so many of the others. But it does so in terms we can all understand 👍

[@gavrifalcao]

Can we just appreciate the beauty in 3:06? Like, understanding each layer of an exploding supernova is awesome.

[@Paper-lj7et]

I'm taking a year 1 astronomy course because I loved everything in these documentaries (and other youtube documentaries) and I have yet to encounter anything that I haven't leard from these documentaries yet. It's pretty cool that these free documentaries are more complete than the expensive course I'm taking.

[@rav8149]

Great. I was feeling that the concepts covered in the video would also apart from being in astronomy, extend into Quantum mEchanics and General Relativity

[@horatiohuffnagel7978]

Ask for your money back. Lol

[@CursedImagesEveryday]

I have a theory about black holes: If you go close to the event horizont of a BH time slows down and eventually stops and if you go further, instead of going inside, the entire black hole starts to shrink not allowing you to cross the event horizont. Why? There are two possibilities why. First is the hawking radiation that shrinks the BH in an obscenely long amount of time. But since time passes normaly for you as a guy "stoped" at the event horizont for the outside observer, it wouldn't take long from your perspective. This means you can leave the BH in a very distant future once the BH stops existing due to Hawking radiation decay. The second possibility is that once you are at the event horizont the time actually starts to go backwards which means you witness the black hole shrinking due to watching it go backwards in time and losing all the mass it had collected over the eons. This means it's impossible to use it to travel into the past because you will get destroyed by a supernova imploding on top of you...

[@Rationalmethod995]

I like your first theory but i think its more likely it gets smaller and smaller but it never goes away fully and you could never catch it... Eventually the universe just collapses due to old age or whatever and then your dealing with that too

[@ibelieveingaming3562]

It doesn't "appear to get smaller". Assuming it is a supermassive black hole, the moment you cross the event horizon nothing would appear to happen, however at this point you are trapped. The apparent horizon would begin to rise, eclipsing your vision and becoming concave, like falling into an actual hole. Then the night sky would coalesce into a single bright point above your head, and then appear to begin receding from you. You now live in blackness. Until you eventually get ripped apart by tidal forces.

[@wulfheort8021]

Please, get more informed on topics such as these before coming up with theories. This is not even anywhere close to how time dilation works and what it is.

[@jettmthebluedragon]

Well the issue what you say as just like spin this video says black holes Are NOT made with anything so how can some hawking radiation form if theirs black hole 🧐? Within the first seconds it clearly stares black holes are NOT made with anything but they have gravity but that’s misleading 😐in order for gravity to exist you Need size shape mass and composition 😐and unfortunately space and time have no gravity that’s because NOTHING creates space or time the way the universe works is like magnets if you put magnets on a table no matter how many times you take them apart and put them together the table does NOT change 😐that Means black holes may or don’t exist that also means space and time do NOT warp or change 😐

[@wulfheort8021]

@@jettmthebluedragon What nonsense is that? The video never said black holes are made from nothing.

[@jenesisjones6706]

I understood about 5% of that, but it was fascinating!

[@RingoBars]

Incredibly well done and brilliantly simplified explanations + thought process of this content. I’m an avid watcher/reader of science & space news/explainers, and this is genuinely one of the most (if not THE most) well put-together pieces on black holes I’ve seen. Really great work. Been a subscriber for awhile and just wanted to say you’ve really hit your stride! Enormously impressed - thank you for the content!

[@chriscohoon8688]

Wholeheartedly agree with this opinion. As a layman I expect some science to be inexplicable and I deeply appreciate presenters not grinding the knowledge to digestible pablum. Some ideas require further investment in study to digest. This was a really good balance and whets the intellectual appetite.

[@markbooth9147]

Solid effort

[@SuperUltimateLP]

You are really skilled at making difficult to grasp topics really digestible to the lay person! Thank you!

[@cyrileo]

👍 Great insight! 😊

[@Hokay01]

You are the first that’s been able to explain these theory’s in a way I am able to “begin comprehension”. Very well done and your examples are great! Thank you very much!!!

[@davycard760]

This is without a doubt my favorite videos on black holes, especially because it has accurate closed captioning! Just wanted to say thanks for making your videos accessible :)

[@masterluc]

This is by far the best explanaition of black holes i have seen. I'm not a scientist though. There is one small typo in the magnified quote of the Hawking "letter", where the "-6" would have to be superscript, as it means an exponent of 10.

[@marcovallejo3]

Hey, Alex, not sure if you've already answered this question, but, have you already considered doing a series on the different Soviet missions and programs? I recently learned about Soviet missions to Venus and the Buran program, and it blew my mind! It'd be great of you consider it. Thanks for all the great content.

[@Talon0524]

You have such a great voice narrating describing these videos. I love watching these videos to wind down my day and relax watching the universe being explained by Alex. Keep up the great work. ❤

[@evolutionaryadvantage]

So interesting. I often wish I had been smart enough to go into a field of physics, having a passion for it just isn’t enough.

[@JackDenn]

“I hope that at end of this video to have earned your subscription.” That was the kindest way to get a new subscriber. Can’t wait to learn new info about space from you. Thank you for being happy about what you do and teaching us so much at the same time.

[@peanutnutter1]

This video should be given to new entrants to university astrophysics courses and probably theoretical physics courses. Best explanation I've seen for particles in quantum fields. Great work!

[@mxb2432]

Should be introduced even earlier than Uni, imo. If the education system wasnt as bad as it is atm. (Here in Canada)

[@i-am-evil-morty6710]

1 HR ASTRUM??? YES PLEASE

[@stephendempsey]

I'm too dumb to understand the maths but I am fascinated by these objects. I was the only person in my social circle excited by the event horizon telescope results back in 2019.

[@thomass.586]

Me too but I made sure all my indifferent friends and family were at least made aware of that event ^^

[@stephendempsey]

@@thomass.586 It was fantastic to not only learn about the endeavour of creating and using the virtual planet-sized telescope by the huge team of scientists, but actual evidence that these things really exist, and not just educated speculation and inference.

[@thomass.586]

I agree and I'm pretty sure Webb will provide us with many more reasons to be amazed.

[@JohnD6280]

I've been watching uTube videos for years and rarely sat throughout the whole video without getting up to walk around (seat is too worn to sit on for long time) but i've sat the whole 1 hour and 5 minutes of this video just to fill my brain with this enchanting phenomenon. My out most fascination; The Nothing.

[@mj6962]

Amazing content ALWAYS. And thank you for noting that the graphics are mostly CG.

[@Baldevi]

This is an amazing SuperCut! It is quite seamless, Alex, you've made a wonderful program here, with so much information to enlighten anyone about Black Holes and their attendant parts, and even some better understanding of physics and how the world we are experiencing in Relativity works. I will definitely share this with friends who often have questions for me as the Physics Fan of the group. I also am fascinated by weather, mainly tornadoes, which believe it or not, we really do not know as much about a is assumed. Spinning things in nature still hold mysteries for the Human Mind and Imagination to reveal! Black Holes, the Great Red Spot, Saturn's Hexagon, Tornadoes on Earth and Mars, spinning away while we do not know how or why they are doing what they do. I am loving this Supercut, but wanted to gush a bit, and it is not even completed yet! This is such a fascinating watch!

[@iamgroot4080]

This is a perfect example of amazing video! You have explained many difficult topics in a very simple way. Great job!

[@xliquidflames]

I watched all these videos when they came out. It was a pleasure to rewatch them all like this. Black holes seem, to me at least, like a glitch in the universe; in reality. Like getting outside the playable boundaries in a video game or an error in a program that just breaks one button while the rest continues to work fine, black holes seem to be some kind of functioning error in the universe. It's like the universe popped into existence, all the rules were set by physics, all the forces of nature emerged, particles came into being, and everything was fine. There. That's a perfectly working universe. Enjoy. And then some cosmic speed runner or data miner comes along and, without breaking any of those rules or forces, causes the universe to do this strange thing that was never intended. "So, this universe runs on gravity and time, right? What if I put a whole bunch of that in one spot?" So, this cosmic hacker tinkers with the programming and discovers planets. "More," he says. And there's the first stars. "More." Now the stars get bigger and heavier. "More, more, more!" Suddenly that spot goes dark. The code of the universe breaks down and there's a spot that technically obeys the laws of the code but ...just doesn't make any sense. And even though this glitched spot now exists, the rest of the universe keeps functioning just fine around it. I need to stop before I write a whole novel.

[@bigguy2419]

excellent comment, i've thought along the same lines for a while but never actually put it all together. enjoy your day!

[@paulinefox5381]

no, no, keep going

[@thedoublek4816]

I've always said that Black Holes are the real world result / consequence of dividing by zero, but your point of view is way better and more on point.

[@420troll4]

they're what happens when god divides by zero.

[@kx7500]

There are no glitches in reality, there are only edges of reality, which cannot be crossed by definition because there’s nothing beyond reality. Black holes are literally holes in reality.

[@BobcatChE]

I love how astrum always has an analogy for everything it really simplifies everything

[@jck8888]

I have lost count on how many times I have watched and also only listened to it when its time to sleep. You should do a in-depth video on Multiverse theories.Thank you!

[@alexcastro7339]

Alex, you are brilliant. I can't stress enough how good your presentations are to the layman, amateur astronomer.... Your videos are a work of art, the excellent footage you obtain and the sublime editing., coupled with your interesting and informative plain language narrative... Perfection. 👽👽👽

[@goshbaby8531]

U explained him so perfectly frr

[@bearabendroth1852]

I mean this in a very kind way. Please accept it as a compliment. While I find your videos and information fascinating... I am also able to fall asleep while watching them because I find your voice very calming. Thank you for your time :)

[@randal_gibbons]

The video represents matter and his voice represents antimatter, they cancel each other.

[@quaiacka]

That image from the event horizon telescope is so humbling to look at, still blows my mind. the amount of science, engineering, hard work and dedication that went into capturing that image from such an unbelievable distance and through all that matter and light is such a monumental achievement, it makes me proud to be human

[@quaiacka]

@krys Cheers!👏

[@baddukappa8116]

@@quaiacka u both definitely alien

[@pjwright77]

What a great way to explain a complicated subject the metaphors make perfect sense & not overused, anyone could watch this video and get a good grasp on the physicis , but it still has the more seasoned folks like myself (applied science post grad) keenly intested , it just rolls into the brain nicley, this would be a great one for the kids learning science too, well done :)

[@juanangeles8211]

What is more amazing than the subject of this video is how "amazing" Astrum explains this very complex subject

[@Fretless99]

I've just discovered this channel, and I love it!Thank you so much for posting such wonderful content, I think you're really quite brilliant,and an excellent science educator.Thank you so much

[@VulpinetideCuteTimes0w0]

The more I learn about quantum physics and the universe, the harder it is to think that there is nothing after death.

[@EQ_EnchantX]

the odds of you being here now is infinitely small, however there is a chance it will happen again since it happened once already...

[@VulpinetideCuteTimes0w0]

@@EQ_EnchantX Exactly, If there is nothing after death and nothing before life, why am I here at all?

[@EQ_EnchantX]

@@VulpinetideCuteTimes0w0 Why is there something...instead of nothing?

[@ok0_0]

@@EQ_EnchantX same reason there is a lot of something in the universe. I think reality tends to lean towards existence rather than nonexistence

[@EQ_EnchantX]

@@ok0_0 But why... why is there anything....why is there anything instead of nothing? Why is there ...this... why have existence, like really, thinking deep deep deep down about it, why do we or anything exist to begin with. There could have been nothing and it would not have bothered anyone.

[@exia41gundam]

Thank you for this informative video!

[@cyrileo]

Thanks for the appreciation! 🤗 We still have a long way to go before we explore this strange phenomenon fully. 🧐

[@musicbro8225]

Ok, it's weird; I love your voice because it talks about information that has a footprint in my soul where it fits, which revives the wonder that used to be there as a child. So when you speak with such clarity, honesty and respect for that knowledge, it feels like you have that respect for my soul and that is pretty amazing!

[@azium3262]

Bravo! What a beautiful documentary! Love the full length format.

[@grahamnalepa4622]

Yes! Another upload from my favorite KZbinr, Astrum! Time to drop everything and dive in. 🤙

[@joshbourlas7936]

Hell yea Graham

[@grahamnalepa4622]

@@joshbourlas7936 Yeah, he's a bonified internet badass!

[@elleni-41]

Ur channel is phenomenal alex.. Very informative videos..👍👌💞💞

[@robcohen7678]

This is blowing my mind like it hasn't been blown for a while, thank you!

[@mahelaniarektbb]

I watched the originals and can tell you that you cut them together so well. Had you not included text with the episode number, I would have thought you made another video about black holes haha!

[@planetearth2249]

I absolutely love black holes. The fact that something like a black hole can exist in our universe is already enough to get me interested.

[@ccmcgaugh]

Thank you for taking time to create this series! Excellent all around....content, graphics... very articulate, easy to understand, adding a bit of humor. The best of any similar I've seen yet! 👍😜👍

[@3dgar7eandro]

Really Thankful that you uploaded this video cause it touch with great detail the most interesting concept of the last 💯 years on physics, from 'Hawking Radiation' to the Casimir effect and the 'Heisemberg Uncertainty principle' 😁👏👏

[@D_D2016]

Arguably one of the best videos on Universe that I have come across till date

[@waldevv]

That's the one thing about black holes that always blew my mind, the fact that you could technically see the entire lifetime of the universe in an instant. It's just such a difficult thing to wrap your head around

[@cyrileo]

Nice! It's mind-boggling 🤯.👍

[@thulyblu5486]

All while your head gets spaghettified and wraps around the black hole * mind literally blown *

[@sab1229]

This is something that’s bugged me for ages. If black holes evaporate, wouldn’t you also see the death of the black hole before you’re sucked across the event horizon?

[@abc33155]

@@sab1229 Remember that time slows down more and more the closer you get to the black hole, so no matter how close you get to it, the event horizon will be even further, and therefore at a slower, not faster, time when viewed by you. You need to reach the event horizon and stay there just to be able to watch the black hole evaporate in real time (not slowed down, and not sped up either, from your perspective). I think that’s the theory anyway!

[@_BLACKSTAR_]

What people don't understand is that it would be impossible to fall into a black hole.Super massive black holes always have an accretion disc which would vaporize you long before you reach the event horizon.A black hole small enough to not have an accretion disc would have very high gravitational tidal forces that would spaghettify you hundreds of kilometers away from the event horizon.

[@cubeko1213]

Man I love this guys woice

[@cajunfire6290]

🤔

[@godhand73]

Amazing series. I loved your explanations. They're quite simple and easy to understand. Keep up the great work!

[@jeffrogers9312]

Without a doubt one of the best and easy to comprehend postings on the subject of Black Holes and tougher topic of Space Time dimensions. Nice job!

[@Branch_Vincent]

bro! I finally found a video longer than 3 mins long about a black hole! Thank you so much for making this video!

[@phdnk]

The photon sphere is not "Just outside" it is exactly at 1.5 * R for non rotating BH. Which is significantly outside,

[@randal_gibbons]

After making that statement he goes on to say ,"this is not what's happening." He then continues on to say that the particle outside is actually as far away as several times the size of the event horizon.

[@illustriouschin]

​@@randal_gibbons He shouldn't explain things wrong in the first place.

[@randal_gibbons]

@@illustriouschin he didn't. Watch that part again. He cited a common misconception and followed up with what was actually happening.

[@owlredshift]

You really, really are just slaying this, man. I mean shredding the gnar out of the topic. Killin it, in the best ways. Please keep going! Thank you for your efforts! Outstanding!

[@spanqueluv9er]

^Shredding the gnar out of it? Put your mom’s phone down, child.🤡🤦‍♂️

[@Ender7j]

I’ve always envisioned a three dimensional representation of a spinning black hole on space time being akin to a basketball spinning on the surface of a pool of water. The water right next to it gets ripped along through friction with the ball but move away from it and the water is less and less affected. It’s a model I use to explain to people about frame dragging.

[@Ender7j]

@Lizzie B the example in question was used as a way to help people who haven’t taken advanced classes in astrophysics. The water in the example is analogous to the fabric of space-time and helps people to envision what is happening to the fabric of reality as frame dragging becomes a ‘measurable’ effect. Do you know what frame dragging is?

[@Ender7j]

@Lizzie B another fun fact: space-time near a black hole doesn’t get consumed by the matter in the accretion disk and become more nothing. I get the impression you don’t really know what you are talking about. I don’t say it to be mean, just to be honest.

[@DennisSantos]

The Most Comprehensive video about black holes ever, I've seen. Well done!

[@matthewbartley2746]

Funny thought. Everyone making the Simulation argument has a point in the argument. If curvature if spacetime influences the mass.. then the universe, existence itself, is like a game engine.. and that's alot more, oddly possible, in retrospect. I find the similarity to be weirdly satisfying equal to the level of terrifying in implication

[@damaliamarsi2006]

Ton 618 is my favorite. I don't actually believe it exists because it is so big it exceeds the ability of my small mind to comprehend.

[@gameknight.thump1]

How can it be ur favorite if u think it doesn't exist? Please enlighten me to your ways.

[@damaliamarsi2006]

@@gameknight.thump1 I can explain in two words. Facetious Hyperbole

[@Quivernipple]

My first tattoo was an abstract half sleeve of a quasar. I have been ever drawn to black holes and to know they are the most beautiful and terrifying celestial bodies that harness the darkest part of the universe while yet, like yin and yang they are the most luminous bodies in our universe its perfectly poetic. TY for this video!

[@damienparoski2033]

Question: For this question we are going to assume that E=MC² is the perfect equation. If this is the case and mass must become infinitely dense in order to be equal to energy can we then stipulate that black holes, which are points of infinitely dense matter, are actually points of infinite energy?

[@illustriouschin]

The mass or energy is finite, singularity is infinitely deep.

[@damienparoski2033]

@@illustriouschin Let us assume that your stipulation is correct, then the question arises "If a black hole has infinite depth then is each black hole essentially equal to the radius of the entire universe?".

[@tonywells6990]

@@damienparoski2033 Infinite curvature, finite energy, finite mass, finite angular momentum.

[@markopecinovic4475]

The singularities represent some higher form of energy that manages to pierce the "quantum fields" of our dimension and essentially exist outside it.This diversion to the dichotomy, essentially avoids the potential for this infinite point of energy and mass to consume the whole Universe. What escapes the black hole as "hawking radiation" is essentially particles that are capable of existing in both ranges of dimensional constants. High energy particles seem to be able to do this, whether they themselves escape or are instantly created as a virtual energy particles/wave kicks it into existence. At least at this point in the history of the Universe, it tries to avoid infinities by opening dimensional gates of compromises. My monkey thoughts on the subject....🙂

[@damienparoski2033]

@@tonywells6990 Are not all spheres an infinite curvature object? If something has infinite angular momentum does that not mean that it is moving at the speed of light? If that is the case then the mass must also be moving at that speed. According to the general theory of relativity should the mass be infinite then?

[@AsteroSSB]

Alex, you haven't just earn my like and subscription, but a sheer admiration. You are a national and a treasure of humanity mate. Live long and prosper!

[@artdonovandesign]

And yet another fantastic episode on my favorite subject!!! Thank you, Alex!

[@69Solo]

I have a question. Since a star continuously emits light and burns it matter. Then how come the black hole has more mass after super nova?

[@olivervaldes4223]

Black holes don’t super nova

[@MKRfootball2010]

Who says it does? That would be impossible for the black hole remnant to have more total mass than it did when it's a star. Unless it feeds, then it can get much much bigger.

[@jemoederjamal4414]

From what I understand, the black hole loses mass compared to the star that preceeds it. However it keeps slurping on matter in the universe. And because the more it eats the more mass/gravity it has, the further its reach. Its kinda like a snowball effect. Also because some black holes exist for billions of years (when the universe was more dense with matter) it had a lot of time and a lot of matter to eat up, resulting in some black holes being way bigger than all stars we know off. (I am no astrophysicist so correct me if I am wrong)

[@KGB.83]

It doesn't have more mass after it collapses. It just takes the mass left after the nova and shrinks to such a small point that a black hole is created. You can turn a marble into a black hole if you could shrink it enough

[@markopecinovic4475]

All the black hole needs is a certain threshold of mass to create a singularity that pierces our dimensions quantum field matrices and let's it exist outside it. At this point our understanding of how mass behaves outside our plane of dimensional existence, is weak... You have to rethink mass as being just a state of existence that once it reaches a certain "boiling point" of density, it simply exits our range of dimensional capacity into another where it can be free to express itself at that infinite range, where actual infinities are allowed to exist in some form or another. Otherwise an infinite point of mass and energy would simply consume the whole Universe. Our universe, or dimensional plane...tries to avoid infinite points of energy and mass...

[@SamuelTheCoello]

Can I ask where you get your info? You seem to put everything together so intrinsically. Trying to imagine how you accomplish uploading these quality videos is hard to imagine, with the specific animations. Everything seems to evolve so quickly, it’s hard to keep up on everything when sources are everywhere to find about something new that’s happened. Any recommendations for like a science hub or something?

[@SimplifiedFinanceSiFi]

Great content!

[@cyrileo]

Great content! 🤗 Thanks for creating such an interesting video!

[@jessiestar1081]

Thanks!

[@astrumspace]

Thank you!

[@MeesterG]

Amazing quality! A very nice supercut indeed! I was a bit surprised when you said: 'After all, this is just a theory'. In my opinion it feeds into the misunderstanding of the word theory. It was around the 30:00 minute mark :)

[@Estreka]

I had a strange dream last night that the universe was a balloon and black holes were little holes in the balloon, but instead of air escaping the balloon, air instead rushed inside, expanding the balloon further.

[@acebinko1]

Interesting to consider. The analogy falls short in a couple of ways, but that doesn't mean you can't learn from an analagy.

[@mutantryeff]

If it takes infinite time to fall into a black hole, then can we assume they are all at a distance of infinity from everywhere?

[@olorin4317]

You experience a seemingly infinite fall, but you are not traveling an infinite distance.

[@mutantryeff]

@@olorin4317 So what you are saying is that time is not fundamentally the same as space (aka distance)? If time goes infinite, then the distance does not go infinite.

[@tonywells6990]

It does not take an infinite amount of time to fall into a black hole. If you fall into a black hole then you will perceive time as normal and soon (seconds to hours depending on the size of the black hole) be destroyed at the singularity. A distant observer (infinite distance is a mathematical term but a few million/billion miles is far enough away for relativistic effects to be small) would observe the light you emit, or reflect, hanging just outside the event horizon, apparently frozen in time and that light will be redshifted until you cannot see it anymore. This is due to the light trying to 'climb' its way out of the black hole's gravity well and losing energy (redshifting) and being time dilated. You and any light you emitted towards the black hole would have long ago fallen into the black hole.

[@lewis7515]

No: we can't - and should not, at all - make that assumption. Much better to start with whose Time you're referring to, exactly - the Time of someone falling in; or the Time of someone outside, watching them go? You need to first be clear on that because, Time, is elastic - and relative.

[@gauribadukale2397]

The fact that this isn't sci fi but actually real is mind bending

[@cliftonsargent1572]

LEMMiNO was always my go to for space info, you have taken that position sir. I freaking love your channel

[@catalyst6313]

The Astrum Paradox...The more you learn the less you really know.

[@wesleyhobbs2332]

And thats how Hawkins broke physics.

[@johnkean6852]

He admitted before he died most of his theories were impossible. No such thing as black holes.

[@steven2183]

@@johnkean6852 Do you have a specific source? I'd like to read that.

[@shawncalderon4950]

The heavens proclaim the glory of God. The skies display his craftsmanship. Psalm 19:1