Why Bronze is Fascinating...

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Bronze may be an obsolete material for swords and other blades in the presence of high carbon steel, but it still holds up aesthetically. It's also a versatile material with a rich history. Let's have a nice, casual chat about it, with some education and technical information thrown in. For instance if you didn't know what work hardening does and why it matters in the making of bronze swords, here you go. :)
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#Bronze #Blades #History

[@Brinta3]

1:25 “You can harden bronze.” I think bronze hardens him.

[@handsomebrick]

"This jewelry is something I can get behind."

[@scotsbillhicks]

TheFilthyLiam Copper and tin produce bronze. Bronze produces wood.

[@dylantaylor7416]

@@scotsbillhicks Aluminum, manganese, and phosphorous all make much stronger bronzes than tin ;)

[@noobpro9759]

@@dylantaylor7416 wouldn't aluminium make it more brittle though? Just curious since tin is pretty soft and malleable in comparison. Though I'm not too familiar with phosphorous or magnesium.

[@dylantaylor7416]

@@noobpro9759 It does make it considerably harder, but not brittle. Aluminum bronze is one of the overall strongest bronze alloys.

[@gabebarber5813]

I want a girl who looks at me like Skall looks at that bronze sword

[@BaronVonQuiply]

Have you considered having yourself bronzed?

[@gabebarber5813]

@@BaronVonQuiply Why yes I considered pouring molten bronze on my body

[@BaronVonQuiply]

@@gabebarber5813 I think they use salts instead of molten metal. It's done via elecroplating though, so I'm gonna need to you hold onto this wire..

[@currentlyeatingpies1274]

I want a girl who looks at me.

[@ur2c8]

A large chopper helps.

[@jaymiddleton1782]

“The way the colour changes, when the sun sets,” he said lovingly to his bronze sword.

[@AndreasR86]

Get yourself someone that looks at you the way Skal looks at a bronze sword.

[@user-jy2sj4ed4i]

The most touching love story.boy meets blade

[@JesusIzAPunkRocker]

I remember as a kid thinking Bronze in the Olympics seemed aesthetically superior to Silver.

[@maxwillsch2938]

This is 15 minutes of Skall fanboying about bronze. It's good content

[@ethanrice1102]

Find yourself a man who looks at you the same way skall looks at bronze

[@KickyFut]

I think he needed some lone time with the sword after this video...😅

[@otimo144]

Kind of like Shadiversity and Gambeson XD

[@armokgodofblood2504]

More like 10 minutes of him talking about bronze and a 5 minute ad...

[@oliversmith9200]

Was not kidding he likes bronze. I expect to see him at the market selling bronze after that presentation.

[@pricklydingus8604]

Knowledge is so *metal.*

[@OriginalName-xy5eb]

LADS, LADS, LADS, LADS!

[@pricklydingus8604]

That pun was *sharp.*

[@MichaelHopper]

Skaal

[@jonsnor4313]

He SHINES a light on the use of bronze.

[@AMRAMRS]

Yeaah, I *TIN* you are right mate!...

[@emmabarlow7284]

As a metalworker, bronze is one of the sweetest metals to work with. It just sort of...wants to do whatever it is you are doing, like a big golden retriever. Humanity is the way it is today because of dogs, and bronze.

[@desmondmurphy449]

Gold and silver are better.

[@reynoldmichael1348]

My goodness. That’s an amazing statement. So awesome

[@reynoldmichael1348]

Great thought

[@TuesdayShark]

are u bronze

[@kurbis4694]

@@desmondmurphy449 not for usability. it is too weak even if bronze is soft silver and especially gold are waaaaay softer

[@sheriffthiccos9595]

Fact of the day: Staring at bronze swords gets you into a better mood (confirmed)

[@quantumratio4311]

480 BC... A Spartian: My Lord, the Persian are comming now, they are hundreds of thousands! By the gods, what should we do? Leonidas: *silence* - Stares enraptured at his bronzen sword for a long time, which is gleaming and shimmering in the rising sun... Then stands up with a bright big smile and shout: They should come, I feel GOOD !!

[@Nocraza_Kram]

I read your comment the exact same time Skall said that lmao

[@SavageHenry777]

@@quantumratio4311 No doubt as they reportedly were beautifying themselves before battle at Thermopylae according to their custom, they made use of reflective polished-bronze surfaces for minute corrections.

[@Tape30]

Reason #1: It's shiny.

[@Tounushi]

It's not just shiny, it looks like golden ice made slick by an early spring stream of meltwater.

[@Gin-kz5ss]

Tounushi Like dawn through a lens of tanned flesh

[@krillin6]

Reason #2: it's shiny

[@Gin-kz5ss]

krillin6 Aye that too

[@atmo-sphere6799]

like a treasure from a sunken pirate wreck

[@martinhanke1670]

Bronze is so badass it has its own age.

[@juanpablogonzalez8528]

So does iron, steel need to step his game up

[@neinoff6030]

@@juanpablogonzalez8528 so does stone.

[@juanpablogonzalez8528]

@LowModulation yeah, but we are not calling it "the steel age"

[@gunther6677]

@@juanpablogonzalez8528 We will after we advance, lol

[@WillcraftAnimations]

@LowModulation I've heard arguments for us living in the plastic age. It would be interesting to see what future generations will refer to this age as, given all the materials we're using currently.

[@Alias_Anybody]

There's so much sexual tension in this video.

[@katatonikbliss]

skall x bronze

[@purschannel1155]

Check his onlyfans account for xxxclusive bronze content 😂🤣

[@jacobitewiseman3696]

Get your mind out of the gutter.

[@chineseboxingstylekanye7147]

more like sexual relief

[@LJ-ej3fv]

I ship

[@vadimsemko2627]

You sounded like Solaire of Astora: "at last, i have found my very own sun" XD

[@ahmadtarek7763]

My thoughts exactly.

[@currentlyeatingpies1274]

Me: I don't like bronze. Me after watching this video: Wow, bronze is pretty groovy.

[@Brajany]

Me: I don't like sand. Me after watching this video: It's coarse, rough, and it gets everywhere.

[@Fiskie666]

Are you trying to tickle some likes out of the comment section?

[@tsumikiayato1560]

Yeah boi, 666

[@currentlyeatingpies1274]

@@Brajany You forgot iritating.

[@jorgec.a3123]

Just imagine how would it be to see an entire army equipped with bronze armour and weapons with the sun reflected on them, just imagine the shines

[@Anino_Makata]

Army of the Sun.

[@willmfrank]

Imagine the bards recounting this tale: "The enemy came upon us, and their wrath did burn with the fury of a thousand suns."

[@johnpeterson2987]

You should listen to the Iliad translated by Caroline Alexander on audiobook

[@michaelmccoy1794]

@@johnpeterson2987 why would i do that when i could just pull my copy off the shelf and read it myself instead? Homer did like to wax poetic about the glare of the sun gleaming on the bronze swords and armour, though--you are right about that.

[@johnpeterson2987]

@@michaelmccoy1794 Because it's hard to find a bard that has it memorized in English that can stand there and recite it to me while I feast ;) I vote listen to it.

[@atklm1]

Sounds like a good material for mass producing spearheads. It doesn't matter much if it is weaker than steel and after a battle faulty ones can be just melted and poured into molds again and only the tip really needs to be sharp.

[@simtexa]

I can assure you, that the ancients did exactly that on a regular basis.

[@Dell-ol6hb]

I think that’s basically how China operated for millennia, unlike most civilizations they had access to both copper and tin and didn’t need to trade long distance for it

[@gunhedd5375]

I forgot all about the non-sparking aspect. That was a very important feature for a lot of our manual tools when I was in the Navy (USN). Fire control on a ship is a HUGE(!!) concern. Using bronze in this scenario makes perfect sense.

[@pirobot668beta]

Just about every wrench used in my welding shop was bronze. Acetylene, oxygen and solvents abound; no sparks please! Even had an aluminum bronze tool.

[@misanthropichumanist4782]

​@@pirobot668beta Aluminum bronze?

[@jira6423]

It’s not the same type of “bronze” the ancient used though. They used copper and tin bronze. Modern non sparking tools use, aluminum, beryllium, titanium, nickel, zinc, lead or any other metal other than iron.

[@Ch-thalassa]

An archaeologist of the future will find your bronze sword and be confused.

[@pewdiepieisking1454]

Why?

[@Ch-thalassa]

@@pewdiepieisking1454 They will think why did someone have a exceptionally made bronze weapon in the 21st century, then they will say "wow look at the great condition its in, bronze is fascinating..."

[@Eldariur]

There will be no archeologist for our era. The thing is since internet appeared, there will be no loss of everything we do right now. (Except for a large scale disaster of course)

[@andredulac4456]

Well, to use internet, you need energy, to have energy, you need ressources... Who knows what will remains 1000 years later, maybe we will find solution, maybe not :p

[@CityKanin]

André Dulac If there are no resources, there will not be archaeology. I felt this first hand in the last depression in Europe. Culture and social sciences were the first ones to lose funding... even the National Board of Antiquities lost heaps of employees... so yeah, culture is the first one to go, when it gets rough financially for a state... Edit: grammar.

[@ApothecaryTerry]

"If you're not fascinated by [Bronze], perhaps that's simply because you don't know enough about it yet." Well perhaps, Mr Skall, it's because it's actually not very fascinating at all! 15 minutes later...nope Skall was right.

[@Dowlphin]

I like to claim the same about the color pink. Many people don't realize what an oddity it is, being a vibrant color that fits into the color wheel but does not exist within the rainbow spectrum but only as a mix of wavelengths. (I.e. it is weirder than violet which does exist as a single wavelength that triggers both blue and red cones.)

[@robertnichols2283]

I’m imagining a Bronze Age Army- a mass of soldiers armed with shiny bronze weapons. What a sight that would be!

[@Mikebumpful]

Problem is, in the bronze age, only the rich fighters could afford metal weapons. The rest had to make due with wood, stone and bone. That's one reason the iron age took over. Suddenly you could cheaply equip a whole army with metal weapons (even if those weren't nearly as good as the best bronze weapons).

[@HamsterPants522]

@@Mikebumpful framed from that perspective, it seems obvious that bronze was still valued over iron in the iron age.

[@Mikebumpful]

@Fidus Achates I think you got a few things wrong here. First: Written sources from the Bronze age describing materials and technology basically don't exist. All we have is the archeological record which shows bronze weapons were not mass produced. Second, iron weapons instantly became cheap and readily available once new technology brought coke furnaces hot enough to smelt iron. Why? Because iron ore is everywhere, while bronze is alloyed from two semi-precious metals that have to be separately sourced (in the late bronze age hundreds of miles apart). Third, the iron age started after the bronze age collapse when bronze had become rarer and more expensive than ever before. The early iron weapons were crude and brittle indeed since the smiths hadn't learned to control the carbon content yet, while bronze technology was mature at this time. A testimony to this is how nobles and officers of the early Roman republic often carried bronze swords, while the legionaries always had iron.

[@HamsterPants522]

@Fidus Achates Bronze is both harder to obtain and functionally superior to iron. Have you ever actually used an iron blade? It's trash. Iron armor is similarly bad.

[@Mikebumpful]

Fidus Achates Yes, that’s what we are suggesting. Because iron became extremely available and cheap very suddenly. I’m willing to concede defeat on all your other points, except the supposed superiority of early iron as a material. The idea that the iron age came to be because iron is a superior metal is widespread, and it’s this myth I’m trying to bust. Iron didn’t become materially superior until much later, when the blacksmiths and artisans had learned to control and exploit the carbon levels in the iron, creating steel. Also I apologize for my aggressive and dissmissive retoric last night. You clearly know your stuff.

[@aaronaaron8604]

"I'm generally not into wearing jewelry"...says the guys wearing earrings lol 😂

[@Ublivion01]

Thats his power rings so he can wield the beautiful bronze without orgasm.

[@kjellringstrom6217]

@@Ublivion01 Na, it´s a +5 dex ring so he can use the sword.

[@juliuscaesar6660]

@@kjellringstrom6217 Nah, it's both, but he doesn't actually needs the plus in dexterity, because the vikings alrredy have that pluss from the racial trait.

[@lemmingscanfly5]

Simple wrings of metal are not jewels.

[@aaronaaron8604]

@@lemmingscanfly5 definition of Jewelry-personal ornaments, such as necklaces, rings, or bracelets, that are typically made from or contain jewels and precious metal.Example: "she had silver hair and chunky gold jewelry" Any precious/ornamental metal. I would say twisted wire is ornamental and would fall under a broad category of jewelry.

[@sharpestbulb]

Skal: "Oh Bronze, shall I compare thee to a summers day..."

[@gorkhawarlord4943]

Hehe, Shakespeare reference

[@cmoneverybodyitsachoochoot5427]

It's better to have loved and lost, than never to have loved.. at all.

[@PrypeciowyHovnozer]

Come cheer up my lads

[@cmoneverybodyitsachoochoot5427]

One, seven, three, four, six, seven, three, two, one, four, seven, six, charlie, three, two, seven, eight, nine, seven, seven, seven, six, four, three, tango, seven, three, two, victor, seven, three, one, one, seven, eight, eight, eight, seven, three, two, four, seven, six, seven, eight, nine, seven, six, four, three, seven, six, lock.

[@handsomebrick]

What's in a name? That which we call bronze By any other name would shine as sweetly.

[@silverhand9965]

Alright that sponsor segment was very well implemented,and was on topic Gotta appreciate that

[@Guanjyn]

Hopefully they won't mind that he said their jewlery can stain your skin.

[@seven_sixtwo]

@@Guanjyn It's not like it's an anomaly for jewelry to do that.

[@Xbob42]

@@Guanjyn I'd hope they'd appreciate their consumers being fairly informed about both the positives and negatives of their products so they can make a decision they don't regret.

[@CasMullac]

Agreed, so much so I've actually purchased something.

[@christianmartinez3899]

Ya thats how id imagine its supposed to br done to win both parties!

[@Elurin]

I work with brass, bronze, copper, iron and steel, and I agree, bronze is my favourite! Not only in armour and weapons, it has really nice acoustic qualities; hit a bronze coupling with a piece of steel = really nice pure tone.

[@Elurin]

Should have mentioned that the bronze I work with is for plumbing fittings. Good stuff!

[@Radiodragonofdoom]

The journey of getting into ancient weapons and tools starts with "oh hey that looks cool!" And ends with "okay lemme geek out about metallurgy for a bit."

[@WillcraftAnimations]

I can see the headline before me right now... "Weapon youtuber posts video of him staring longingly at his sword while talking about 'bathing everything in red'. Potential threat to society or distasteful 'joke'?"

[@manuelschurig2266]

You really want to show us how SHOINY it is don't ya?

[@michaelharder9737]

Soooo preeettyyyy.....

[@tophatminion.7558]

isn't the symbol on the ring the same one from Samurai Jack ep were he fight a viking trapped in stone

[@manuelschurig2266]

@@tophatminion.7558 you know which ep? Then I could check it

[@tophatminion.7558]

@@manuelschurig2266 Episode X: Jack and the Lava Monster Samurai Jack. its on the stone that tells the story of the viking

[@manuelschurig2266]

@@tophatminion.7558 so you mean on the thing holding his cloak right?

[@TheRealBoof]

Hey, Skall, move your pop filter a few inches away from your microphone. They're made to diffuse plosives and hence are more effective at larger distances from your microphone.

[@claytoncolgan2881]

I primarily work with raw minerals and the iron specimens I find seem to hold up to oxidation a bit more than copper. They're ores of course so not really like the alloys were talking about here. Another note about bronze: The amount of tin and copper are important in creating a strong alloy. This is why our Liberty Bell cracked. Too much tin made it brittle. Too much copper, and it'd be too soft and probably wouldn't resonate very well. Bronze is much prettier than steel, that's for sure! Just harder to acquire. Iron and carbon are just so darn abundant! Surprisingly how bronze isn't as prized as you would think.

[@morrigankasa570]

There is a legendary bronze blade found in a Chinese tomb that was still perfect despite a couple thousand years, still so sharp that you run it gently on your hand you would be cut

[@isectoid9454]

What's it called?

[@platinumnib4443]

@@isectoid9454 The sword of Goujian, dated 8th to 5th century BC, perfectly preserved. The sharpness seems to owe to differential tin to copper ratio depending on what part of the blade is examined (notably, almost 30% tin right on the edge, fairly high for bronze). Also the sword was apparently found inside a very tight fitting lacquered wood scabbard, inside a casket, inside a tomb underground which likely contributed to fending off tarnish and preserving the intricate decorative patterns. Cheers.

[@isectoid9454]

@@platinumnib4443 Thanks.

[@vitriolicAmaranth]

Chinese tombs are weird like that. Look up Lady Dai to have your mind blown.

[@arthas640]

@@vitriolicAmaranth its partially because China has a wide range of natural resources and partially because some of their tombs were equal parts well built, well preserved, and had good natural conditions that alot of their burial artifacts are in amazing condition compared to places like europe where most tombs were either raided or flooded and rusted everything to sludge.

[@BraninT]

Oh bugger! I'm so sick of hearing about bronze. BRONZE BRONZE BRONZE BRONZE. What's wrong with stone? Does stone not work all of a sudden? Stone was all my old dad needed to feed a family of as many hands as I have and then more than that.

[@PobortzaPl]

Stone? Ha! You lucky filthy rich person! What's wrong with bone I ask, hmm? Not only you can you make ALL stone tools from bone, but you can create needles from bone, which is not possible with stone.

[@garrett7518]

You disgusting bourgeoise pastoralist! What's wrong with wood may I ask, hmmmm. Seems all you care about is bone which cant do much compared to our glorious wood homes, you filthy caveman.

[@SilverTemplar]

@TheT34Tank You wretched hunter! Why use the guts and meat of a dead camel when you can pick berries and sleep outside exposed to the elements?

[@federicotondolo1794]

@@abramelinomago516 You repulsive hominid! How dare you waste away your life wallowing in riches and luxuries you have no earthly need for?! My great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandpappy swam around without consuming oxygen of any kind! What's the point of an opposable thumb I ask you? A jaw will catch your food, chew it up, and scare off competition at the same time! Nothin' better than a good ol' mandible, that's what I sssssssay.

[@kuronikou2586]

*sees the the comment section* *sits down with a cup of tea* Don’t mind me lads, continue on! *sips tea*

[@theburningman5047]

Whenever people talk about bronze and the bronze age, it does something with my heart that I can’t explain. Feels oddly familiar, have been fascinated by this alloy ever since I was a child

[@canisjay]

same

[@juliogalvao7560]

bronze is also perfect for musical instruments - the most remarkable in modern age probably being the cymbals on drumkits. also, bells. it is a science in its own right, with variations of the copper-tin ratio defining different types of cymbals (B8, B20, and so forth). in cymbal-making, hammering is also one of the most important parts of the process. it literally defines the tone and pitch of the cymbal (together with the material itself, shape, size, etc). I think it's interesting to note how cymbals (and therefore bronze) are defining of modern pop music. when cymbals were introduced in blues and jazz during the 20's-30's, they were just one more piece in the drumkit. quickly afterwards they had already taken over as the driving rhythm force for most of pop music, and especially during the 60's-70's with rock and disco and whatnot, we sometimes don't give enough props to how much bronze is basically omnipresent in pop music. even with the advent of electro-pop and contemporary pop music, samples and recordings are still based off bronze cymbals, or imitate them in one way or another. great video! I also love bronze. such a beautiful, old and adaptive alloy. cheers!

[@MisterSiza78]

Seawater and brine pump on board ships are made from bronze specifically for their resistance to corrosion due to seawater.

[@Mongolenfreak]

Or Aluminium alloys Well in that cases they might be Aluminium Cooper alloys maybe with tin wich IS a bronce Aluminium alloy...

[@jonskowitz]

Um... as someone who dabbles in aircraft I can tell you that you do NOT want aluminum/ copper alloys for corrosion resistance.

[@Tuberuser187]

@@jonskowitz Pretty much this, Aluminium, copper and Steel causes Galvanic corrosion and rots faster than unprotected steel. So much so that sacrificial plating, anodes are used to make the rust goes elsewhere first.

[@blueviper8622]

Chlorophyll more like borophyll

[@klevdud]

Now that you mention it, i spent a week on a boat that is 50 years old or so, and almost all the metal looks bronze or brass

[@Ranstone]

Dear Skall and V.K.N.G Jewelry. This partnership is a perfect example of how ads should be. I loath ads, yet I was actually interested in this. Seeing an ad that distracts from my content makes me avoid the person the ad is fore, yet this I was actually interested in. It added to the experience. If we all can learn a lesson from this, it's that strategic ads are a _MAJOR_ win for everyone.

[@SirBlackjack010]

Well, I am not so sure about that, they have some nazi symbolism in their inventory (and I am not talking about runes, I mean things like the Black Sun), so that sponsorship might turn sour fast.

[@Ranstone]

@@SirBlackjack010 The black sun pre-dates Germany it'self. it's important to remember that the 3rd reich thrived on taking well established icons (Like the swazika) and corrupting/appropriating them.

[@SirBlackjack010]

@@Ranstone Does it though? Do you have sources for that? There are sources for sun wheels, but that specific design seems to be exclusive to nazi germany.

[@Ranstone]

If you're genuinely interested, here's a revised, online version of a peer-reviewed paper. contern.org/cyberproceedings/papers-from-the-1st-international-conference-on-contemporary-esotericism/eva-kingsepp-the-power-of-the-black-sun-occultural-perspectives-on-naziss-esotericism/ _TLDR: Yes, you are correct, it's highly affiliated with Nazi Germany, but its previous use as a symbol of the occult was what drew Himler to use it in the first place._ In short, its a satanic symbol first, and a Nazi symbol secondly. After checking my sources for the above paper however, I think what you said makes more sense than I first thought. A lot of people affiliate the black sun with the SS, and it could be misconstrued. P.S. Never trust wiki. I had to use academic-search-complete because this topic has so many rumors along with it. P.P.S. Nazis suck. In case anyone thought I was supporting them in any way, I wasn't. Death to Nazis!

[@gilangadichandra4790]

As Asian we don't really care about nazi, heck we love japan now, the country that enslave most asian

[@darkranger116]

It's interesting how in so many fantasy settings, Bronze is seen as being anti-magical, or very effective versus magical creatures.

[@simtexa]

Often true for a variety of non-ferrous metals like silver and gold too. Probably derives from historical beliefs that various undead and "evil" creatures feared rare metals.

[@Bronze_Age_Sea_Person]

What's more funny is how when we see how copper smithing from a layperson would look completely magical: I mean, bros go to the underworld, bring the blood of the earth with slight, magical tints of green, smelt them into liquid fire and pour it into moulds, making it into a material never seen before. Also, it's not like you can come unscathed in this journey, as arsenide from the pranks of our little old nick and those pesky kobolds will destroy your health. Old Nick and Kobolds even get honoured with the metal names Nickel and Cobalt. No wonder there were such things as shaman-smiths in places like Croatia in the Bronze Age.

[@soaringblackbird4431]

I knew it! I smelled that you where educated in either anthropology, archeology, or history. I must admit that I am astounded by your gift for didactic content you provide us with. Thank you for your work, cheers from anthropologist from EU.

[@blaf55]

Skall looking at bronze sword " my true mentor, my guinding sunlight "

[@sanguineregis5354]

He really does look at it like that

[@Lttlemoi]

my Preciousss

[@vedymin1]

You were at my side all along.... :)

[@kalvinchester4068]

*Opera music starts playing*

[@korstmahler]

I once paid for a local guind. He turned out to be a fishman who tried to sacrifice me to his star gods. Bugger didn't even guind me to the temple I was looking for first.

[@CaptainMacOfCalhoun]

13:39 - Skal gazes lovingly at his sword

[@Nillaferilla]

If I recall correctly, I have watched an Alec Steele video where he basically heat treated Bronze in the same manner he would Steel. After he did that he tested the tensile strength and it ended up being insanely springy! They never did more with that information after that though and it drives me insane to this day.

[@darrianweathington1923]

I like Bronze because its a pretty metal also its almost gold, so from a distance it looks like gold.

[@Pepe-pq3om]

It's gold the one that looks like Bronze

[@mar-mole-ade4797]

Bronze is much prettier to me because it's darker.

[@MegaWizard79]

You have boarded my horizon. I had no idea that bronze was such an interesting metal. I also never considered just how useful it could be as a material for crafting weapons. Thank you for this insight.

[@naverilllang]

All aboard MegaWizard79's horizon!

[@cxx23]

@@naverilllang Exactly what I hoped the only comment would say. Hello 7 months later.

[@naverilllang]

@@cxx23 hello friend

[@kasperbolding18]

Hi frend, I'm having troble boarding my horizon. How did you make its work?

[@cxx23]

@@kasperbolding18 It seems that your issue is that you're trying to board your own horizon. MegaWizard79s horizon is the only horizon for you! Please board soon, as MegaWizard79s horizon will depart... eventually.

[@cals.8221]

Never once in my life did I see and hear a sponsor being better integrated into a video than right here right now. Good job!

[@jzarfos]

I'm so happy to hear you talk about dislocations & cold working! All of this is spot on.

[@petercolivet]

Holy poo, first time in history I've ever paused a video to go check out the sponsor, lol. That ring was beautiful.

[@baldrickthedungspreader3107]

That’s the fist time in history I’ve ever seen anybody use the words holy poo

[@KalaamNozalys]

I think bronze/copper has a better color than gold. More red, more lively. imo. I hope someday i'll get a bronze sword. historial or not. (bronze broadsword °3°)

[@lorekeeper685]

Gold goes well with purple

[@Skallagrim]

Red gold looks a lot more similar. No surprise, it's got copper in it. :)

[@SonofSethoitae]

If you use aluminum instead of tin, it produces a very gold coloured bronze, and harder too! Edit: gold, not good

[@Ezekiel_Allium]

Bronze Flammenscwert?

[@ElmarDylong]

You know there is white gold (alloyed with silver, palladium or platin) and red gold (alloyed with copper)? Of course gold does not have the nice patina bronze develops, but the colour of those gold alloys is true metal. ;-) I wear a ring made of white gold (585), because it looks better than silver and does not get a black oxide layer like silver does. Did you also know that bronze is a lot heavier than steel? A broadsword may be impractical because of it's weight, but it will be pretty. :-)

[@jackjohnson6044]

13:15 DOCTORS HATE HIM! LEARN HOW TO CURE DEPRESSION EASILY WITH THIS SIMPLE TRICK!!!

[@acerbicinspirations5978]

Bronze gazing, the pancea of our time.

[@gabriel300010]

Dont listen to him he has been bribed by the big bronze industries to say that kind of stuff

[@lanaz375]

I thought Skallagrim had cracked his addiction ... but all that hard work seems to have gone for nought

[@flocksofravens]

Awesome video Skall 🤘 makes me like my bronze jewelry even more I love the unique shine of bronze

[@zachwilcock6199]

Copper is my favorite metal. Bronze is my second favorite metal. This is strictly because they’re beautiful metals. I love their color, and their sheen, and the way they make me feel. Thanks for the great video, man. Keep it up.

[@nasserfirelordarts6574]

"bathes everything more in red" considering the fact that it is a sword... I c u

[@dylanspence3874]

I'm reading through the comments while listening to the video. I read your comment, wonder what you are talking about. Not even a second later those words come through my headset and I'm like "ah, neat". perfect timing

[@Descanlin]

It looks like a sun? Praise the Sword!

[@yumanoid5753]

\《T》/

[@DeadMeat991]

That was incredibly educational about bronze's properties. Thank you, Skallagrim.

[@patricioansaldi8021]

This is so awesome! I was waiting for a legit video talking about bronze weaponry fairly and realistically. I hope to see another video on bronze armors cause I imagine the weight to strength ratio would make an interesting sudy

[@Megatron_95]

I always been fascinated by bronze weapons ever since when I was a kid. Don't know why though

[@Megatron_95]

@Borderguy342 last time I checked, I am half German and Dutch. But who knows

[@lorekeeper685]

its human nature

[@joeyberg5765]

Bronze is pretty unique in the family of combat applicative metallurgies, it's got a very subdued golden shine that's super appealing and it ages a lot better than almost any non alloy metals. In general there's just a lot to like

[@user-fk1we3gs4d]

@Borderguy342 so are Hugin and Munin...

[@scottmacgregor3444]

@@user-fk1we3gs4d You know, I've used the ravens in writing several times, and every time I do, someone feels the need to correct me on the spelling regardless of how I spell their names.

[@Bluecho4]

From a fantasy perspective, that bit about bronze standing up better to salt water is interesting. Might be a good option for merfolk. Now, aquatic races are always going to have a disadvantage when it comes to any sort of metalworking, for obvious reasons. It's why you'd more expect merfolk to wield equipment made from bone, coral, or wood salvaged from sunken ships. But if they had a way to work around the limitations imposed by water - building forges on islands, using volcanic vents, or even just magic - they'd get a lot more value out of bronze equipment than any kind of iron or steel. The salt water would even serve to give the weapons a coloration not unlike seafoam, which I think they'd get a kick out of.

[@mistakenotou7681]

H1 stainless steel or titanium

[@Bluecho4]

@@mistakenotou7681 Granted. Though unless your fantasy setting is going all the way up to an industrial tech level - or you get really creative with alchemy - Bronze weapons are much more likely.

[@mistakenotou7681]

@@Bluecho4 why thech level in most fantasis is low? I mean there are like several thosound years old civilisations especially fire arms it wont take long for people to figere them out

[@Demonrifts]

@@mistakenotou7681 I think the typical reason for fantasy settings to have low technology is that they usually have magic. When a civilization has powerful wizards to both build cities and bolster armies, there's less of an impetus on developing new methods of doing those things that don't fall under the purview of magic. Why would you need a gun when you can throw a fireball?

[@mistakenotou7681]

@@Demonrifts reliability. everyone can use it and get mass produced imagine. The defenders had bombers in that lotr siege

[@WhiteCheddar.]

Finally!! Ive been looking for a good video on bronze and brass... hopefully brass will be done next

[@walkerboh39]

I like how you take your time and do not rush. Thank you for this awesome lesson!

[@roberttauzer7042]

God dammit now I want that Ring. And I hate rings.

[@Ranstone]

I hate wearing them, but I wear one around my neck on a chain. Best of both worlds really.

[@asii2672]

Go to 'Pakabone' on Etsy, the original jeweler from Ukraine

[@happywolf6804]

God dammit now I want that scallagrim. And I hate scallagrim

[@sohamsengupta6470]

I normally dislike the concept of jewellery, but that ring really is awesome. Skall manages to get the best sponsors on the internet.

[@benevolent6705]

Sorry but Skall is lord of the ring.

[@enriquegarcia2790]

Stone age/ non metal weapons revisit? I loved your first video on non metal weapons and I'm curious on what you've seen/learned since then.

[@naverilllang]

I know from my time playing minecraft that it only takes 2 cubic metres of stone and a single stick to make a sword

[@uthoshantm]

What a story teller. That's what makes your videos so appealing.

[@ThePopsers]

I like how knowledgeable you are about all of it. Everything from history to engineering and material science

[@The1Helleri]

9:00 A bit of an elaboration here for those interested... The idea that a welded spot on a piece is a weak spot is something of a half truth. It depends on the type and quality of the weld. For the kind of welding Skallagrim is talking about this would absolutely be the case. During the bronze age there were really only two processes by which pieces were welded. One was a primitive form of resistance welding (whereby the sudden and forceful, mutual indenting of metals into each other causes them to fuse together at the point of impact). The other was more akin to a solder (whereby a molten metal is effectively used as a glue to join two metal pieces). Sometimes these would be used in conjunction. However as far as I'm aware this isn't something we see used on weapon grade artifacts from the bronze age. We see it on boxes, jewelry and other items which would not be placed under tremendous stress. But it wasn't really strong enough to make weapons serviceable again and they would have known this. Now by the middle ages in Europe we see forge welding come into full swing. When done well this can be strong enough to return a weapon to usable state and so was used sometimes. But in many cases it would still constitute a weak point. One would definitely have been taking a chance on such a repair. However it likely would have been good enough vs. the cost of a complete reforge or new weapon entirely to risk it in some cases. Once we get into modern welding (which starts up in experimentation at least around the early 1800's) and especially gas welding, as it is very much an additive process. The weld actually becomes the strongest spot on a piece if done correctly. The only problem here is that while there are plenty of people who technically know how to weld. There are not nearly as many who do it very well. So in theory at least, where it regards modern welding, welds no longer constitute a weak spot.

[@Ranstone]

This is why Tolkien simply said the Elves used magic to reforge Narsil. There's reference to hammering the steel, but it's core explanation is magic. I was thankful for this, as nothing pulls me out of immersion like when an author gets something this esoteric wrong.

[@acerbicinspirations5978]

Even with a well done modern weld wouldn't it alter the flex of the blade? Could it make a blade more prone to further breakage either behind or in front of the welded spot?

[@The1Helleri]

​@@acerbicinspirations5978 While metal around an area to be welded is typically preheated (depends on the exact process) and while this temperature varies based on the exact type of steel. The preheating never really exceeds 400°F. Annealing temperatures (the minimum temperature where if let to air cool or cooled in a controlled way, the result will be a softening of the metal from re-arrangement of it's crystalline structure) for a strait carbon steel are all well over 1000°F. Even if quenched, there is no weakening or loss of temper/hardening that can physically occur. However hardening temperatures (which would require quench cooling) can be around the 400°F range depending on the exact formulation of the steel. Thing is, it's not really a through heat. The concern is mainly with the surface being at temperature so that it can fuse well with the metal being added. So at worst what you get is something of a case hardening on either side of the weld. Which doesn't effect the toughness. So the metal on either side of the weld at worst might become a bit stiffer. However for a blade to function properly, the desire would be to have everything smooth and flush. Therefore grinding and polishing would take off any excessively hardened material as necessary for preserving performance. The end result should be no noticeable difference in flexibility. and no net change in strength of the material on either side of the weld. But this is all based on doing it properly. which includes using the right materials and process based on foreknowledge about the specific alloy in question. If not done well there will be a rather large heat affected zone with significantly deep penetration into the piece. However even these areas can be mitigated with appropriate cooling processes and even reheats and cools applied. So basically it's good to have someone who doesn't just know how to weld. But also knows how to spark test, acid test etc. and is something of at least an amateur metallurgist as well. The one thing that might be noticeable to the old arm at swinging a sword is a balance shift in the grams. At least with gas welding processes one is adding material and that material tends to be denser than the original material. But something to understand about a weld is that it is not soldering. This isn't a simple fill in of molten metal to act as a glue. the metal on either side of a weld fuses (like the interlacing of your fingers) with either side of the weld itself. for all intents and purposes it makes two or more pieces of metal one, with a gradation in exact composition and properties, radiating out from the weld site. The thing of it is, it's still a half truth modernly because unfortunately most people that learn to weld do so from a book or instruction by someone else who knows how to weld (like myself, lol). There are not nearly as many vocational school, certified welders as there are complete amateurs who think that they are better at it than they are. A large part of that is vocational school for welding and fabrication can cost $20,000-$40,000 out of pocket (there isn't really such a thing as financial aid for this sort of schooling in most cases). These schools are well worth it. But unfortunately not an option for a lot of people who need the skill. I have a friend who attended one. He said it was more book learning than anything else. And he brought home all of his test pieces to show off (the guy makes damn beautiful welds. Which I attribute to his decades of painting miniatures). Because formally educated welders are tested constantly. They have to not only be able to technically weld but do so from the most inconvenient of angles (including directly over head) and their pieces have to survive 90° and up bend tests. As well as make good judgment calls on process. These schools make sure that they know what they are doing. And if they don't to satisfaction they wash out or have to take courses over again. His class started with something like 20 individuals and ended with something like 6 or 7. of which I think (if memory serves) 2 had to retake some qualification or another and he graduated top of his class. So even out of those who went to school for it. There are not as many as one would hope that are naturals at it or were even among the best in their class. The problem with a failed weld is far more often the welder and not the process.

[@The1Helleri]

@@Ranstone Tolkien's universe is well acquainted with steel. I'd suspect they would have forge welding at least. Which is done (effectively) with hammering. An interesting thing is that in many cultures historically smithing and smelting was considered a type of magic. This is likely because of the elemental nature of the work and that smiths often worked in apparent secrecy. Though the reality is that they worked under necessary conditions. An ancient smiths shop would often be set up something like a dolems seen in Skyrim (though not necessarily made of stone). Which is is to say a corridor whose entrance is juxtapose to the entrance of the inner structure. The temperature of any metal can be discerned by its color. Whether it's a mild or high carbon steel, whether bronze or brass. All metals radiate consistently. That is to say that cherry red hot copper is the same temperature as cherry red hot iron. In order to see these colors accurately it's important that their light be the majority light being given off. So smiths often worked in dark or dimly lit conditions that blocked out natural light. It wouldn't due to have a costumer enter and let in the sunlight just as you were checking the color of a reheated piece. Layout of a shop is also very important to a smith. For time constraint concerns on heating and working they need to minimize unnecessary movement. So needed tools have to be within arms reach, the anvil height has to be right so as not to hurt the back during long hours. Where it sits and it's orientation in relation to the forge has to allow a smith to turn 70°-90° from one and be positioned with the piece over the other. So again it doesn't due to have people who don't know what their doing loitering in the work space. Natural air flow prior to things like forge blowers was important as well. so being on the upper end of a hillside is good for ventilation. So your ancient smith might retreat to an on high, ceremonial looking structure, that by nature of it's layout blocked out natural light, and where only him and his apprentices were permitted entry. Then after hours of the damned ringing of metal and bellows of smoke he would emerge with seemingly miraculous end products from having been brought only pieces of crudely refined earth. Furthering the mystery around it would have been the fact that smiths make a variety of job specific implements that only they understand the purpose of. In addition to this guarding one's secrets excepting those who might one day replace you when you're old and nearly deaf/blind was job security. All that taken together... One can easily imagine how to the uneducated mind that this appeared to be some manner of magic being worked. So I think a satisfying hand wave for the author's lack of knowledge regarding the subject. Is that the exact process was so obfuscated. That even the author cannot fully relate to the reader it's inner workings; That even the author imagines it to be some sort of magic for not understanding the process by necessity of the process being done well.

[@acerbicinspirations5978]

@@The1Helleri Thanks for your exhaustive reply at putting my concerns to rest.

[@Chatedh]

wait a goddamn minute!!!! Did you just get over a million subscribers?? Congrats man! You deserve it!

[@Skallagrim]

Thanks, but that happened over half a year ago. :)

[@danielcrawford7315]

@@Skallagrim , O. M. Gosh! Lmbo. That's too funny sadlytoo funny. Blessed days sirSir, Crawford out

[@ancienttechnology7337]

Man I love your videos, you often bring in just enough depth to a topic so as to get me to read more about it without keeping me here for an hour to hear every detail. This is probably the most difficult aspect of the vlog format to manage and you do it pretty masterfully in my opinion. Thanks for another great video.

[@Skallagrim]

Glad to know, thanks for the positive feedback.

[@charlesq7866]

What a great video! So informative! Such enthusiasm! History of bronze, it's properties maps and graphs and then last: your personal opinion. Excellent!

[@VANZ1111]

Bronze, brass, copper, and gold are my favorite metals as far as looks go. They’re just so warm.

[@darkwyngraym]

Does that mean you like rose gold?

[@Eralen00]

I've always loved the look of green/blue oxides that form on copper and bronze/brass

[@furrytrash7917]

I dont think brass oxidizes.

[@famousbowl9926]

@@furrytrash7917 yes it does....

[@quixotiq]

It's beautiful. And some of the reasons you give are also why I've been reading and writing more about bronze, and the Bronze Age, of late :-)

[@thomaslienert4225]

"Vegvisir" is really close to the German "Wegweiser" (way-shower), which is any signpost.

[@cometthegreat8750]

Isn’t vegvisir just how you pronounce wegweiser in German

[@Eyebrows842]

When I look at the word I can see the english Way and Vision. English being such an influenced language is so cool to me as it is both Germanic and Romantic especially When you look at the evolution of letters like G making the Y sound

[@hr473]

@@cometthegreat8750 Unfortunaly no xD

[@robinpohl2702]

@@cometthegreat8750 well if you pronounce vegvisir like an American or English speaking Canadian would it would sound a lot like a German pronouncing wegweiser. If a German pronounced vegvisir it likely wouldn't sound like wegweiser.

[@Bruh-hq1hx]

@@robinpohl2702 in german it would sound like weg Visier

[@s.e.n3264]

You got a sponsor! That's awesome!! That will definitely help since KZbin is being stupid

[@darkdaegurth]

12:54 He said sunset with shiny eyes. That was so nostalgic! lol

[@Ianochez]

That's very interesting, I really like this video, it pushes me to want to know more about it, and how the different metal used evolve within millenia, and how mixing metals impacted their value.

[@JessZomb]

So basically I need a bronze sword because if it breaks I can just... recast it and have the same sword as before. Sold.

[@GallopingWalrus]

I've honestly wanted a bronze folding knife, or smallish EDC fixed blade. It'd be much less practical, but hella interesting and would be a hell of a conversation starter with other blade people.

[@dymytryruban4324]

However, I would like to point at what is most likely misinformation in chemistry. First: silver tends to tarnish as well and seemingly more often than bronze. Good thing is that you can easily clear silver tarnish with some toothpaste. Second: copper oxide (II) is black. Copper oxide (I) is dark red. Green discoloration usually seen on copper roofs is in fact copper (II) carbonate.

[@BaronVonQuiply]

@@dymytryruban4324 Oh, I think I was under the impression that the green was an oxide.

[@dymytryruban4324]

@@BaronVonQuiply It was Skallagrim's who called green discoloration "oxide". I accidentally posted comment in the wrong place and couldn't retrieve it. Also Skall mentioned bronze's safety in volatile environments because it doesn't create sparks. This property belongs to berillium bronze.

[@TheAmbientWarrior]

And people wonder why it was the most popular metal for 2000 years...

[@thelegendaryklobb2879]

One extreme example of how well bronze can be preserved is the so called sword of Goujian, an ancient chinese sword. Check it, it's a really beautiful piece

[@speckledjim5402]

Taking me back to my tool makers apprenticeship. I enjoyed learning metallurgy the most.

[@joeyfive5245]

It really does put you in a good mood. My bronze Vajra always makes me smile

[@ginganu1234]

I really liked this video. Super informative. I swear every video i watch i learn so much, and has helped me be more objective and realistic with not only my goals but with Historical analysis and of course HEMA ( which i will be looking into a local school for when i can get a moment) so just a big thanks to you Skall, and all you do.

[@Servano2143]

Just an FYI but lemon juice is perfect for cleaning jewelry of tarnish. I have a copper bracelet given to me by my uncle who is a Jeweler which I soak in lemon juice for 2 minutes and it shines it back up to its original pinkish shine. And if I wanted a tarnished rustic look to it I just wont clean it for a week or so.

[@Servano2143]

@Benja Freeman 2 minutes at least. Put my bracelet in for too long at one point and it ended up too shiny for my taste. But the patina usually comes back after a few days of wearing it.

[@BaronVonQuiply]

How about silver? Side point, juice was used in the Americas to make pre-columbian statues appearing to be of solid gold. They'd make an alloy of gold, silver, and copper. Then they'd use sulfur to dissolve the silver, and citric acid to dissolve the copper, then they'd burnish the resulting top layer to spread the gold and make an impressive finish. The Conquistadors thought they were surrounded by pure gold when it was merely gilded copper-electrum.

[@TheSteij]

I always just soak it in cider

[@Servano2143]

@@TheSteij yes anything with mild acidity will work. Lemon juice is just a good cheap way, being a dollar at the dollar store.

[@WorldByTheTale]

If you want a more effective acid, put the lemon juice in a sauce pan over low heat. The heat catalyzes the acid and it will eat away at tarnish more quickly.

[@douglaskingsman2565]

Inspiring video this was. I now have my own Vegvisir bronze ring and my own bronze sword (Ewart Park style, made in Canada at Ogmios Forge). I openly admit that looking at the beauty of the shiny bronze sword always does considerably lift my spirits, every time.

[@brandonshere3]

a beautiful metal to be sure, and a beautiful vest as well. Well done.

[@matiassa7]

Made with the special ingredient tin, from the far lands of tin land.

[@tiberiu_nicolae]

Is that Finland but with a speech impediment?

[@BaronVonQuiply]

@@tiberiu_nicolae No, it's England but with an even worse speech issue.

[@samk522]

My dealer won't tell me where he gets it.

[@aranavenger]

Skall showing off his hand modeling talent. Totally got a future career dude

[@PeterSt1954]

After being involved with bronze artifacts for years as an amateur archaeologist I saw my first high-quality and authentic reconstructions of bronze weapons at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. It was a revelation, and I suddenly realised what they were all about. Since then I have regarded the ragged remains of bronze weapons we find as only a tiny part of the real story. No Bronze Age person ever saw such a thing (except as scrap). The real sword is the one we can infer from the remains - an intellectual appreciation - not the remains themselves.

[@cyrilgigee4630]

Woah, I hadn't even thought of how bronze was formed into blades. Wild.

[@giboranak]

Poetic Skall is interesting. I love bronze too. The history of it, the mystery of it and the beauty of bronze.

[@brianfuller7691]

Classic bronze was about 10% tin and Mild bronze about 6%. So versatile that it's still used for various applications.

[@themaidenlesswretch7819]

I'm currently trying to start up a foundry, and have been looking into bronze a lot due to the fact that this design can melt copper but not iron. This video couldn't have come at a better time

[@Cracks094]

What i enjoy most about Skallagrim is that he does all his videos with passion and love. He appreciates every little detail of his arsenal, from the craftsmanship to the material and the asthetics. A genuinely curious and intrigued swordsman born in the wrong age. Skål.

[@shawnwolf5961]

Bronze weapons and armor are some of the most beautiful historical creations, imo

[@wesleytarr6302]

Do more metals! I like this analysis into metal used in combat.

[@willd6515]

Subbed, just because you are so passioned about this stuff. I use bronze for liners in my slip joint knives, the patina after a while is gorgeous.

[@jspringer1978]

I've been wearing a bear claw version of that ring for 2 years now and love it.

[@DreadtheMadSmith]

I wonder if Aluminum Bronze would make a relatively good sword.

[@cvbpo]

i heard that it did but not flully sure.....may have to call my. cuz and get the smelter runing agin it somethimg to try

[@zetsumeinaito]

It's been used for ship propellers, so it's got the toughness. The only question is strength of the edge vs standard bronze.

[@atomiclizzard288]

aluminum bronze is tough as shit, I work as a tool and die maker and occasionally machine parts from aluminum bronze. I usually have to use feeds and speeds similar to that for A2 which is an air hardenable tool steel. it resists friction from other metals which is why it is often used for bushings etc. but makes it really hard to saw though. id say it would make a great sword but if I was going to do it, id make a short thick sword like a roman short sword or something. you'd have to cast it into the shape of your sword because it doesn't forge well. and since it work hardens id sharpen it with a peening hammer like they do with scythes.

[@DreadtheMadSmith]

@@atomiclizzard288 Cool. Thanks for the info.

[@ambuknight1567]

There is a tapping like Method for a bronze edge that makes the edge more stronger.. but would it be good still with any other metal?. I have the same I idea that bronze mixed with another like a Damascus like sword. Bronze can be the soft core as it has the harden steal as the edge. I know a way that could be a good basis but I'm not well know how to forge welled correctly and I may be worng for my knowledge about bronze is fairly young and not that vast just yet.

[@chrisencarnacion1692]

Love the ring.

[@colossusslayer1234]

huh. normally i skip ads, but yours was actually on topic and interesting. nicely done, man. Also wish i hadn't missed the window for the discounts that ring looks AWESOME.

[@candiedginger8729]

Your description of the symbol on the ring brought to mind the function of a a modern compass.

[@mr.kittysavestheworld695]

That ring is extremely cool. Ordered mine just now. I've never really been able to find a ring that felt right to me, I'm not usually much of a jewelry guy, but this one just clicked with me immediately.

[@leifeinaramundison745]

Did it ship? Is the website trustworthy, eg. they don't try to scam you?

[@mr.kittysavestheworld695]

As far as I can tell. It hasn't shipped yet, but the website said it would take 1-2 weeks. So nothing yet, but I see no reason why they would be untrustworthy.

[@leifeinaramundison745]

@@mr.kittysavestheworld695 hm. Well, thank you for the reply. I just completely checked out the website and I deem them trustworthy enough. I hope you'll get your ring in time!

[@mathewofborg7280]

The warm color And it’s softness makes bronze feel more friendly to me. If bronze was a person, it’d want to be your friend.

[@caseyhart9916]

I know it's a late response, but, you can't spell "bronze" without "bro."

[@mathewofborg7280]

@@caseyhart9916 I want to be bros with bronze

[@Sr_ECO]

He would be a dull person

[@ItzLegitEnough]

I greatly appreciate this man’s mind and demeanor.

[@karolinaj5045]

Nice explanation of plastic vs elastic deformation and dislocations