Why didn't the Kingdom of Hungary have a king? (Short Animated Documentary)

The Kingdom of Hungary was reestablished after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. But despite its name no king ever ruled over it. So why not? To find out watch this short and simple animated history documentary.
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[@DualTheEggist]

My favourite quote from Horthy is when Mussolini asked why Horthy was still called the admiral horthy even though his country was landlocked, to which Horthy responded "Why does Italy still have a finance minister".

[@131alexa]

Touché!

[@kemarisite]

Woah, sick burn.

[@viditsinha9707]

The large coastline of Italy must have helped Mussolini extinguish that burn

[@Sewblon]

I don't get it.

[@dominicguye8058]

@@Sewblon Italy's economy was in shambles

[@Quin_Ram]

The Kingdom of Hungary, an admiral without a navy and a kingdom without a king.

[@dimamatat5548]

Horthy simply got promoted before Hungary lost its coast.

[@thomasdevries8628]

And a part of the EU without sharing it's values

[@whateverbro6818]

@@thomasdevries8628 good

[@G0TIMAN]

@@thomasdevries8628 good

[@ulfskinn1458]

A truth without a voice, one song left to sing.

[@TheDarthbinky]

In case you're wondering, Horthy was an admiral in a landlocked country because he had been an admiral in the navy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (which did control coastlines in what's now Italy and Croatia); towards the end of WW1, he was promoted to overall commander of the navy. When the empire dissolved in the final weeks of WW1, Hungary was left without a coast or a navy, and Horthy resigned. When he got involved in politics, people still referred to him as an admiral, as we often do with former military officers in the English-speaking world. Another point - that "last king of Hungary" was Charles Habsburg... that's not a mistake. The Austrian (and previously the Holy Roman) Habsburg Emperors also happened to be the Kings of Hungary going back for like 400 years or so (a story for another time). That's why everything in the Austro-Hungarian military is listed as "k.u.k.", which comes from the German "kaiserlich und königlich", or "imperial and royal". So as WW1 was ending and the empire was collapsing, Emperor (and King) Charles issued a proclamation that said (paraphrasing) "I'm firing my entire Imperial government and I'm not going to have a political role anymore". He was careful to word it so that it wasn't an abdication... but everyone just basically took it as an abdication anyway. Austria immediately became a Republic and abolished its aristocracy, but as this video notes, Hungary (eventually) decided to remain a kingdom. Charles insisted that since he hadn't abdicated, he should still be the king, but as this video explains, that didn't quite work out for him. He eventually went into exile in Portugal and died of pneumonia in 1922. His son and heir Otto died about a decade ago, and Otto's son and heir is James Bissonnette. Just kidding, his name is Karl and he's a politician in Austria.

[@potatogod975]

bosnia also has a bit of coastline too

[@Zachomara]

Was the Captain in the Sound of Music based off Horthy? (I know the Sound of Music was Austrian, but there are tons of similarities)

[@hydrationboi8861]

@@potatogod975 also montenegro

[@gavinjones3933]

And Slovenia…

[@gavinjones3933]

And Slovenia…

[@mrterp04]

Three suggestions from a loyal Patreon supporter: 1.) Why does Monaco exist? 2.) How did Thailand avoid being colonized? 3.) How did Portugal hold on to Goa and Macau so long?

[@nilsp9426]

Not a Patreon supporter (sorry) but I have another one I would love: Why does the US have an electoral college?

[@redkraken6516]

Tapakapa did a pretty good video on the first topic.

[@Unknowngfyjoh]

Why did Britain decide to hold on to the colonies it still has? Bermuda, Grand Cayman, etc.

[@jmwh9654]

@@nilsp9426 already made

[@ArthurCSchaper]

And two more suggestions: Why were the Revolutions of 1848 unsuccessful in Germany and Spain? Why do people drive on the left or the right side in different countries?

[@douglasboyle6544]

Fun fact: because it had wound up in Austria at that point, when WWII ended the US Army took the actual Hungarian Crown (bent cross and all) back to the US to keep the Soviets from getting their hands on it. The crown and other related regalia were stored in the Fort Knox Bullion Depository until 1978 when they were repatriated to Hungary. This was only done with a guarantee that they were to be returned as property of the Hungarian people and not the government, fortunately that promise was kept and they have been displayed in the Hungarian parliament building ever since.

[@justcallmehaterik]

It's funny cause in older Hungarian history books this event was described as "the greedy Americans ofc took the treasures from Hungary as mean of war reparation just like the Soviets" and it's never explained from the US side of the story.

[@domsjuk]

That fun fact is fun indeed, well done, thanks!

[@humorpalanta]

Yeah, no. Correction: The crown was kept in the National Museum because the communists/socialists thought it cannot be stored in the Parliament since the power is from the people while the crown actually represents power from a greater power (God) and since socialists don't support the latter idea (for obvious reasons) the crown and other symbols of the kingdom were kept in the National Museum where they were guarded by crown guards. Then after the end of socialism a certain Viktor Orbán emerged to power and spent a shitton of money to get them out of the museum, put them on a boat, ake them up to the Parliament and store it there ever since... Because... reasons... So in the old times they could be easily visited by anyone meanwhile now you have to enter the Parliament to see it. Ofc it is only possible in small groups in certain times. Cause f*ck the people. Also there is a legend floating around that Orbán actually did try it on when it arrived to the Parliament. Another fun fact: Orbán also renovated a building in the Castle on the Buda Hill so that he would move there to rule over the land. This building is called the Sándor Palace and the renovation finished just after Orbán lost the race to renew his position as the PM. So the socialist government took over and handed the building to the president of the state as they thought it was a place for formal meetings and it wasn't optimal for the entire government to move into the Castle. However after Orbán won again he renovated the building next to the Sándor Palace and moved in there to rule over the country.

[@febopennyficari8716]

@@justcallmehaterik it’s told like that because that’s what happened

[@jeffbenton6183]

@@febopennyficari8716 That doesn't make any sense. Fort Knox is a secure facility where few people are allowed in. The US probably lost significant amounts of money taking and storing the artifacts. If the US took them only because they were "greedy", then Fort Knox is one of the last places on Earth that they would've taken them (it'd be like taking them to Area 51 or Antartica). They clearly didn't expect to profit off of them, otherwise they would've put it in some kind of museum.

[@christurner6330]

As a Hungarian myself, I never learned about these candidates, like that British prince, who wanted to be named Béla V. apparently? And then the king of Romania? Truly forces you to think about those 'what-if' situations. Interesting!

[@peternemeth4073]

You don't heard is beacuse "history matters" made many mistakes in this video. The post ww1 borders of Hungary were made in the dictate of trianon 1920. Before that romanians, czesks, serbs occupied large parts of Hungary 1918-1920. There was an option is some hungarian politicans in 1919 Hungary and Romania made a personal union style monarchy but it reamained a plan.

[@christurner6330]

@@peternemeth4073 Doesn't explain why it's not talked about. Sure, he made mistakes on the treaty and the wars that preceeded it, but it's a complicated story anyway. One that doesn't have much to do with the fact that the plan was still laid out.

[@ReaperCH90]

@@peternemeth4073 found the Orban voter

[@rca4788]

It's ironic how both Hungary and Bulgaria wanted a romanian king as monarch and an union

[@deutschermichel5807]

Sadly, Orban aint no Horthy （◞‸◟）

[@ygma1460]

This man had a bunch of adventures worthy of episodes of their own. Sailing around the world, saving British diplomat from Ottomans, his naval action during WWI, the political turmoil during civil war years, the gamble on marching to Budapest despite what Little Entente had said would happen if he did, allowing Poles to escape through Hungary when Germany invaded, helping jews escape German persecution, etc. Granted, they're not always tales of epic overcoming of great difficulty with absolute triumph, it was amazing how many times he was in a situation of "pick your poison".

[@Jeznyve]

Horthy had 13000 Jews exterminated in Kamenetz-Podolsk by the Germans, and the Hungarian army massacred 3500 Jews in Novi Sad in 1942. Don't talk about Horthy's protection of the Jews, you anti-Semite.

[@duskpede5146]

i mean he was definitly not pro jew, given how many Hungarian jews were killed during the white terror by his followers

[@ISCARIOTSHIELD]

@@duskpede5146 that is because 90% of the communist Ieaders in Hungary were jewish

[@furerorban11]

The Fascist elements in Hungary enjoyed broad popular support and Miklos Horthy’s dictatorial government concluded an alliance with Nazi Germany. Antisemitic legislation was passed and more than 100,000 Jewish men were mobilized for forced labor, in which approximately 40,000 perished. After several years of preparation and planning, from May 15 to July 9, 1944, Hungarian gendarmerie officials hdeported around 440,000 Jews from Hungary. Most were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where, upon arrival and after selection, SS functionaries killed the majority of them in gas chambers. Thousands were also sent to the border with Austria to be deployed at digging fortification trenches. By the end of July 1944, the only Jewish community left in Hungary was that of Budapest, the capital. When Hungary joined the war against the Allies, nearly 20,000 Jews from Kamenetz-Podolsk who held Polish or Soviet citizenship were turned over to the Germans and murdered. The extermination phase in Hungary began in March 1944. At this time there were more than 800,000 Jews living in Hungary, as a result of annexations of regions from Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. In May 1944 the deportations to Auschwitz began. In just eight weeks, some 424,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. After October 1944, when the Arrow Cross party came to power, thousands of Jews from Budapest were murdered on the banks of the Danube and tens of thousands were marched hundreds of miles towards the Austrian border. In all, some 565,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered.

[@vorynrosethorn903]

He wasn't personally involved in that which meant his subordinate largely picked who to target himself, with those largely being communists and socialists. It should however be mentioned that the reason he wasn't personally involved was almost certainly for the sake of plausible deniability and not out of any screamishness over the methods or sympathies for the victims.

[@Snoflakes_1]

If anybody's wondering: the cross on the Hungarian crown is bent because it's also bent irl. When I went to Budapest, I saw the old crown jewels and our guide told us some story about it being looted and not handled with a lot of care (idk the entire story anymore). Nice attention to detail

[@barni695]

Kossuth buried it in Transylvania after Hungary lost the 1848-49 war of independence to Austria and Russia, it was in the ground for like a decade without much harm. Incredible historical artifact

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

Actually, the cross isn't bent, but the arches of the crown are broken. It was ruined sometime in the 16th century, when it was hastily buried to hide it.

[@RedXlV]

I was looking it up, and apparently the cross got bent in the 17th century, due to somebody being careless when putting it into storage and slamming the iron lid of its box against the cross. When this was discovered the next time the crown was taken out of storage, the Hungarian king of the time decided to keep it that way rather than repairing it, as a symbol of their "miraculous" defeat of a Turkish invasion.

[@christopheraliaga-kelly6254]

I heard that there was another story. When the Mongols under Batu Khan defeated the Hungarians at Mohacs, they entered Uj-Pest and demanded entrance to the Royal Castle. But when Batu took the crown of St Iztvan to crown himself, he had a seizure and dropped it, causing the bent cross. Taking this as a sign from God, Batu and his men left the castle and camped nearby, trying to forget the incident. The Hungarians did not, and decided not to repair the cross, so as to keep it as a permanent reminder.

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

@@christopheraliaga-kelly6254 Well, it's not called the "Sacred" Crown for nothing! Anyway, it was the Ottomans who defeated the Hungarian army at Mohacs in 1526. The Mongols won at Muhi in 1241. Also, the Crown was not left behind, it was taken to the island of Trau, Croatia where King Bela IV found refuge. I never heard of this legend about Batu, it's likely not the Sacred Crown he touched.

[@aidanfedorochko3728]

You should do a video about the coup against Miklos Horthy by the Germans. It was such a crazy story.

[@deutschermichel5807]

Well it was not this crazy, considering that most axis states betrayed Hitler when realizing, that the war was lost. When king Victor Emanuel III. of Italy dismissed Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister and inprisioned him, the Germans freed him from captivity and installed him as leader of a new Italien Republic. As the Italiand ruled Albania, the Germans even re-installed king Zog. of Albania instead of Victor Emanuel III.

[@elemperadordemexico]

@Charlie yes

[@danielgorog2646]

@@deutschermichel5807 Well, Horthy was abducted and taken out screwed into a carpet at the age of 70. This is something crazy.

[@deutschermichel5807]

@@danielgorog2646 oh I newer knew the Details

[@varana]

@Charlie He didn't "work in the Israeli military", he _probably_ had some contact with Israeli secret services, but nothing substantial (like most of Skorzeny's exploits, it got massively blown out of proportion).

[@matik0701]

Fun fact: Charles (Von Habsburg), the last emperor of Austria (which he became after his uncle Franz Ferdinand was assassinated (heir) and his grand-uncle Franz Josef died) had a son named Otto, who has a son named Karl, which is technically the heir to the Habsburg monarchy and the Austrian- Hungarian empire is still alive and is a politician in Austria. Although he can't call himself Karl von Habsburg, he is now known as Karl Habsburg-Lothringen.

[@RedXlV]

It's kinda crazy how desperate the Entente was to erase the Habsburgs, to the point that they weren't even allowed to call themselves "von Habsburg" anymore.

[@eljanrimsa5843]

@@RedXlV While there was a specific law for dealing with the Habsburgs, the loss of the "von" was not part of it. That was a general reform. All priviliges of the nobility and the use of such naming particles were abolished in 1919.

[@hc8719]

Given that the Entente promised “self-determination” to the former lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Hungarians wanted to keep the Hapsburgs as their kings, it’s pretty cruddy that the Entente then turned around and was like “Ohh no, only self-determination that we approve of”

[@mohdadeeb1829]

@@eljanrimsa5843 Is it true to have ‘von’ title is now outlawed and illegal in Austria? I see Germany still have people with ‘von’ title but not Austria.

[@javieraravena5345]

And Karl has a son, the next in line. He is a relatively famous race car driver. So, at one point, the Heir to the Habsburg throne will be racer

[@nickmacarius3012]

Its impressive that the land-locked Hungary was able to exile Charles Habsburg by sailing him to an island with a dreadnaught. Most impressive, Hungary. 👍

[@danielgorog2646]

You know, he left the country on the Danube river...

[@nickmacarius3012]

@@danielgorog2646 The Joke------- (You) ------>* Let's not be pedantic about such things. My comment was merely in reference to the animation.

[@Clone-up2ge]

@@nickmacarius3012 woah, the joke fucking stabbed him?

[@lightgreen3479]

The Hungarians detained him, the British later came up the danube and collected him (the Hungarians didn't request this as far as I'm aware)

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

A monitor, not a dreadnought.

[@notsoawake1915]

The casual reference to the civil unrest in Ireland in this video is one of many reasons why I love this channel so much! 😂😂😂

[@brigantinewaves]

So glad I wasn't the only one who noticed!

[@JR-gp2zk]

It was so casual I had to watch the whole video again to catch it. Thanks for the heads up.

[@Kaiserjerry]

@@secretname4190 Nope it would be Scandinavia only tbh, Spain was in the mist of a soon to be civil war and i believe their economy wasn’t all that great, Britain wasn’t doing too hot with all the debt and losses it took. Portugal was mostly fine i think except the losses in africa

[@Jotari]

@@brigantinewaves It's not that hard to notice. We're talking literal animated flames.

[@Jotari]

@@secretname4190 Ireland being on fire wouldn't count as unrest for Britain?

[@ferencjenoerdei2893]

As a Hungarian, I appreciate that you used the interior of the Hungarian Parliament at 1:07

[@LMB222]

Why is there an eagle?

[@ferencjenoerdei2893]

@@LMB222 that is the coat of arms of the House Jagellion. The coats of arms of the most important former royal houses of Hungary are all presented on the wall behind cartoon Horthy.

[@kamilgesikiewicz8223]

@@ferencjenoerdei2893 I could have sworn that it was the Polish emblem from 1920. Anyway I'm glad that the Jagiellon dynasty is what we Poles and Hungarians shared.

[@neonach3885]

@Morer R I think is a Wittelsbach coat of arms(Bavarian Monarchy) It's still present in modern Bavaria. Also Fun Fact:The Bavarian royal fammily after it was forced to abdicate, started making beer.

[@kapitanfoxy2762]

​@@kamilgesikiewicz8223 Well, It was

[@michaelman957]

Actually, Karl's army WAS willing to fight, but he wasn't willing to cause another civil war, so when it became clear that there would be serious resistance he called it off.

[@9wowable]

It was also because Czechoslovakia literally started to mobilise their army when they heard he had returned with an army and threatened swift and immediate action.

[@elemperadordemexico]

@@9wowable the eternal czechs

[@mnxs]

@@9wowable if I heard a Habsburg was mucking about in my backyard, I think I would too

[@lightgreen3479]

@@mnxs If I heard a Habsburg had returned, I would send my congratulations, a volunteer army to fight for him, food and shelter, and give him any territory of mine that he wants.

[@knezmislav04]

@@mnxs I would just say to those Czechs to remember what Wilson said. Selfdetermination. So if Hungarians want a king, they get a king.

[@jesseberg3271]

Wait a minute, wait a minute, wait a minute! If the Brits had sent their second Prince to Hungary in 1918, that would have been Albert, the future George VI, and Queen Elizabeth's father! The Prince of Wales was Edward, later Edward VIII. He was the one who abdicated. That means he wouldn't have been sent, as Crown Prince. So Albert could have been sent to Hungary, and Elizabeth could have been Queen of Hungary (presumably Queen in exile for 45 years) instead?

[@KengCo7]

The flames in Ireland are a great attention to detail, given that Trianon was signed contemporary to the Irish War for Independence in 1920. As an Irishman who loves history it's fulfilling to receive the nod.

[@Trofusky]

I’d love to see a video about Spain’s reaction to the French Revolution seeing how both Spain and France had the same royal family

[@hc8719]

Yeah we don’t hear about the Spanish reacting to the revolution, just the Austrians (presumably because Marie Antoinette was Austrian)

[@talltroll7092]

In the kinging business, family aren't friends; they are competitors, because they might have pretty legit claims... The Spanish royal family and aristocracy in general were horrified by the French Revolution. Spain was pretty Catholic, and pretty conservative at the time (and arguably still is both of those things to some extent), and they certainly didn't like the trouble they had with the more radical elements of Spanish society. Although quite a lot of Spaniards fought the French when they invaded, there was a small but quite devoted pro-French movement too, partly because the Spanish upper classes were doing a truly appalling job of running the Empire (not that there was that much of it left at that time), and partly because they genuinely believed in liberte, egalite, fraternite

[@kgw4683]

Suggestion: why wasn’t the Kingdom of Asturias conquered by the Umayyad caliphate?

[@AlicevonHindenburg]

If I remember correctly, it’s more of they can’t reach Asturias in the first place, and the fact the they’re just a tiny kingdom makes them think they can just ignore Asturias, which of course a big mistake on their part.

[@tkraccoon1368]

The north part of spain id very cold witch the muslims werent used to, also mountains

[@dominicguye8058]

Look at a topographical map of the Iberian Peninsula and you'll discover why

[@SocratesAth]

The fact that all the above replies are different shows that this is a good idea for a video.

[@alexandrub8786]

Look at topography,mountains have the tendency of not being very fertile (low output) and hard to conquer. Basically each war for gaining that part would have been like Verdun in WW1 or maybe Vietnam for America or rather Afghanistan for USSR.

[@SirVic42]

Personally, I think James Bissonette would have been an excellent King of Hungary. He is certainly well versed in the finer points of patronage.

[@qr8440]

He could've funded the Hungarian war machine to defeat the little ententé as well.

[@kenziemostyn8395]

Sub to unmaskedwolf

[@kenziemostyn8395]

@@qr8440 sub to unmaskedwolf

[@AnaIvanovic4ever]

Personally I support Boggeli Woggeli's claim to the crown of Saint Stephen.

[@olayemichayah466]

@@AnaIvanovic4ever why are so many tennis fans crazy about Ivanovic?

[@balazszsinkai9665]

As a Hungarian, I'm so happy you made a video about Hungary too! Great work as always!

[@afdalridwan3813]

You should taken back Vojvodina and North Transylvania

[@ded93x66]

@@afdalridwan3813 they are on it

[@porphyry17]

@@afdalridwan3813 Voivodina, Slovakia and Croatia yes. assimilating the slavs. but leave Tisza to the Romanians. they apready moved from their homes in Urals. what bad does calling the Szeklers back to Pannonia and relocating to other areas?

[@richard-li1ll]

@@porphyry17 they moved from urals before settling in pannonia and transylvania for nearly 1000 years. transylvania was a core part of hungary for centuries, and the only reason romania owns it is because france was the scourge of the earth. furthermore, after years of szekler mistreatment by the hands of the romanian government in more recent history, it becomes even harder to simply forget and move on. the fact that hungary remains an EU and NATO member despite all of this is proof that the hungarian people did not deserve to be carved up and displaced like they were.

[@porphyry17]

@@richard-li1ll the Eastern Carpathians were not a "core part" to Hungary. you just liked the mountain range protection. the Szekler settlement was created in the 12th-13th century with s tribe of magyarised turkic people moving from Slovakia to Bihor to where they are today. they were named after their role-occupation: "szekely" that is "frontier guards". we did not mistreat them. at least half their numbers are magyarised romanians anyway. "the only reason Romania owns it" yeah. so if a bunch of people on horses that surpress you and keep you weak for 1100 years can only be defeated with the help of European powers/superpowers... well... i do not see a problem with that.

[@matthewshipley739]

I knew about Miklos and the whole situation surrounding his regency, but I had no clue whatsoever that Prince Albert (later King George VI) was considered as a potential King of Hungary!

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

There was a time when Russian prince Paskievich almost became King of Hungary, in 1849.

[@sergeanttentacles1359]

Transylvania was not majority Hungarian in the early 20th century, but around 30% Hungarian.

[@Tovalokodonc]

Also, Hungarians didn't "attack Romania", but retaliated against Romanian aggression

[@andrashorvath6300]

There are several inaccuracies in this video, so I try to sum up the topic. 1. Transylvania wasn't majority Hungarian. According to the last Hungarian census, about 54% of the population was Romanian, 35% Hungarian (incl. Jewish-Hungarians), and the remainder was mainly German. Northern Transylvania might have been majority Hungarian (or at least having Hungarian as the largest population group), though this is up for debate because surely the Hungarian censuses show a slight Hungarian majority and the Romanian censuses show a slight Romanian majority. 2. Making Ferdinand of Romania the King of Hungary was mainly a Romanian idea and it didn't have much of a support in Hungary. Horthy himself was very much opposed to it. 3. Nobody except for Charles and later Otto von Habsburg was seriously considered to be elected king, they were also the only ones who had some actual support amongst the population, though Hungarians were still divided on the issue. 4. Horthy couldn't be a king for several reasons but power was none of them. Initially he had less power than the kings before him. He gradually gained more or less the same power as the kings during Austria-Hungary had except for giving out nobility titles but his power never exceeded the power held by the last Habsburg kings. 5. So why did Horthy never become a king? There were two problems. Firstly, he was protestant, so the catholic church (who held serious informal power and also carried out the coronation ceremony) wouldn't support him. Secondly, he had a lower nobility background, so neither would the aristocracy (who also held great informal power) support him. 6. So why did interwar Hungary never have a king? Because as the video said, Horthy didn't want to give up power, the population was fine with him being in charge and because there was no serious candidate for the throne except for the Habsburgs (who couldn't return to the throne because of the Little Entente and also because a lot of Hungarians didn't want their return).

[@Bob-ck4dl]

The annoying thing about the population oercentages is that the germans were invited into transylvania by the hungarians to populate lands that nobody lived. These germans were notorious for adopting hungarian culture (swabs) and assimilating into hungarian. They were essentially first gen immigrants, however a modern day census would count them as hungarian (if citizenship existed)

[@xerxen100]

Az nem volt hiteles népszámlálás... Nem is kérdeztek benne nemzetiséget sem... Egyébként meg Románia kétszer akkora területet kapott, mint erdély amekkora. alig 30% volt román a lakosságnak....

[@peopledepp6531]

@@xerxen100 I see that you guys are buthurt all the way

[@Theopops.]

🤓🤓🤓🤓

[@michakoniecpolski5677]

cope and seethe

[@sskuk1095]

1:19 Props for coloring 3 out of 4 nations blue!

[@carador9286]

1:27 - Promising your army to be greeted with cheers but then actually be greeted with bullets. Damn... what does that remind me of?!

[@0subsWith0vidsChallenge]

Contrary to popular belief the kingdom of Hungary actually did have a king. The reason why this is a little known fact is due to the king of Hungary James Bissonette being very low key.

[@jasonclayton4470]

I came here to say this, knowing in my heart it had already been said.

[@TheEnabledDisabled]

love this joke

[@jamesbissonette8002]

Sounds plausible

[@FortyTwoification]

@@jamesbissonette8002 A blessing from the lord!

[@LMB222]

It was Spinning Three Plates, you silly.

[@joec9693]

"A very well respected Admiral named regent of the landlocked country" Is a line I did not expect to ever hear lol.

[@slurky3992]

history matters today is my bday and the fact i’m hungarian and you posted a video about hungary just made my bday even better. i thank the universe for willing you into existence

[@131alexa]

Happy birthday!

[@Magyarosivatuvaluk]

Happy Birthday 🥳!!!!! 🇱🇧 💖 🇭🇺

[@sido-1706]

Fun to know that the Habsburg took refuge in Switzerland, because of it’s independence and neutrality, while the Habsburg family tried many times in the past to keep control on it as part of their territory.

[@yankee3875]

Horthy: I’ve installed myself as regent and brought back the monarchy Charles: so I can reclaim my title as king right? Horthy:… Karl: right??….

[@timothychivers7324]

Thank you for your efforts on your videos I enjoy each one that you produce or create excellent work

[@remrem8503]

0:00 loved the detail of the angels holding up the seal in your artstyle thats cool

[@PopeLando]

A real live "Steward of Gondor". Good call on the famous crooked-crossed crown of Hungary, as seen in the Useful Charts video about the crowns of Europe.

[@GuildsmanPirate]

If only they had chosen the Swedish king path, they still might have a king today

[@MajorMlgNoob]

Kings suck smh (though so does Orbán)

[@downfall9830]

Except for the whole Soviet takeover and forced installation of communism thing

[@MajorMlgNoob]

@iMakz if selling out Hungary to China is what you called based than sure

[@MajorMlgNoob]

@iMakz or killing Democracy in the country and attacking the LGBTQ+ Community

[@reichtangleanschluss509]

​@@downfall9830 If Hungary would have become constitutional monarchy, they would most likely joined Allies, which could have saved them from communist takeover. (Edit): I never said that Hungary joining Allies would have 100% saved them from communist takeover. While Soviets installing puppet goverment right after war is still the most likely scenario, there is still option that after the war, Hungary's (democratic) government-in-exile returned and maybe if they were lucky (and/or competent), would have avoided the same fate as Czechoslovakia, which got couped by communists in 1948.

[@danieleyre8913]

This is probably the most interesting video this channel has put out for a while.

[@Manlings]

0:00 i loved how you added your blocky characters instead of the angels

[@alexandrupopa1570]

One thing I would like to mention is that Transylvania was majority Romanian during this time period.

[@mrrecordaa6564]

Agreed, this is very important

[@addemup8645]

I love how Ireland is on fire at 0:53.

[@BuzzinVideography]

Thank you. I have severe memory loss and constantly learning something is a great way to help with it. Your channel is great!

[@LichsuhoathinhDrabattle]

Amazing video. Videos of channel helps linking so many little historical anecdotes together and interesting✨😎‼

[@mikaelengstrom6639]

Somehow it feels like I've seldom heard about a country and a certain time period where so little worked out in a good way, like it did for Hungary in this case.

[@icemachinebeast8342]

Basically the entire history of Hungary after 1000 AD.

[@19Szabolcs91]

@@icemachinebeast8342 Nah, Hungary had many good times. But 1914-1989 was a continuous, terrible shitshow. Which we should have behind us now and look to the future, but Orbán and 53% of the population who support him make sure that the suffering is back and will continue.

[@dominicguye8058]

@@icemachinebeast8342 that's basically the entire history of Hungary since it became Christian. As the other commenter stated, it had some very good times after that Christianization (read up on Louis the Great and Mattias Corvinus for example)

[@icemachinebeast8342]

@@dominicguye8058Yes I know, they teach that in our schools. It was just a meme comment. We like to make fun of our own history.

[@salakiadam24]

Hungary was a regional power for most of the time before 1500,several big campaigns against the Ottomans,Matthias Corvinus etc.I think that period is underrated as I rarely see that period covered or people talking about it. After that it went downhill mostly.

[@galatheumbreon6862]

I like the little moment in the video that showed Ireland on fire in reference to their civil war, I really do enjoy those small details

[@oliversherman2414]

I love your channel keep up the great stuff!!

[@bg1052]

Even more questions answered that I never knew I had before hand. Thank you History Matters.

[@Edmonton-of2ec]

There was actually a third reason Horthy never became King, and it’s because his wife Magdolna was implacably opposed. She wasn’t even thrilled at being the “First Lady” of Hungary, an rarely appeared in public before 1935

[@hunyadijanos2353]

"Transylvania majority Magyars". Good one.

[@gergelyhangodi9008]

He says while having a Hungarian as his avatar.

[@lucius_cursor]

"Habēmus regem” slayed me. Golden! And well done as always!

[@LayllasLocker]

I LoVE the way you are narrating these videos and the lil people and their animations. XD 🤍

[@williamxii4343]

Pretty sure he was a royalist so taking the crown from his king was pretty bad. He was for a Habsburg to the throne. Although they were impossible thanks to the political situation around

[@hosseinramez3293]

I was literally searching this a week ago👌

[@kingkong1554]

Extremely exciting, thank you

[@Baello999]

My question is less about history, although I do love it, or the sarcastic humor, also lovely, but is something else entirely. Is there any topic that is "too recent"? I would love to see videos about the collapse of the USSR, but would you consider covering topics that recent? A lot of post-Soviet Conflicts are still ongoing, so would you be willing to make videos on them? Places like South Ossetia and Abkhazia, or the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. I love your channel, and I am fine if you don't, I have just been wondering.

[@sergiocd6]

A short video answering why Brazil is no longer an empire would be nice since many people didn't know it was once an empire and many brazilians don't understand/care how we become a republic.

[@ricardokowalski1579]

Plus a full length video on Barão do rio Branco. The man left quite an imprint in geopolitics.👍

[@dominicguye8058]

The princess imperial abolished slavery and the slaveowning class overthrew the empire in retaliation

[@sergiocd6]

@@ricardokowalski1579 and gave us a land with dinossaurs

[@sergiocd6]

@@dominicguye8058 Well there is more than that like the rising power of the army after the paraguyan war but it's pretty much what you've said

[@psychokinese]

Hello HM I just have one simple question that you could answer to : At the end of WWI, why did the first austrian Republic kicked their monarchy despite not beeing order of the Entente ?

[@psychokinese]

@Morer R But why did it became a republic

[@Leo-uu8du]

@@psychokinese It's because the country that emerged out of the German speaking parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire did not see itself as the successor of Austria-Hungary, but rather as a new country (hence the original name German-Austria, as a shortening for German-speaking Austro-Hungary). It was a similar situation to Czechoslovakia, which also wasn't a continuation of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary or the Empire of Austria, but something new. It just so happened that the Entente had to force the name "Austria" onto one of the new countries in order to have someone to blame and get reparations. "German-Austria" was the best option for that since southern Tyrol, a piece of land promised to Italy, as well as the area of the old Archduchy of Austria / Vienna (the capital city of Austria-Hungary) were claimed by it. So in conclusion: The Republic of (German-)Austria was not a continuation of the Empire of Austria and hence didn't really consider using a monarch as their leader, but instead any form of nobility got even forbidden by law.

[@solsunman383]

@@Leo-uu8du In addition, German Austria didn't even see itself as a country. Rather, it saw itself as a temporarily independent piece of the new Weimar Republic. It was always their intention to unify with Germany to try to mitigate some of the devastating effects that the loss of resources and internal trade that the fall of Austria-Hungary had caused. Having a monarch was unnecessary, as the plan was for Austria to cease to exist very soon (and would eventually happen in 1936).

[@largezo7567]

Two kingdoms of Hungary! This channel keeps getting better and better.

[@animalanimal7939]

Really pumping them out

[@archerdark7524]

2:30 Actually there was a third reason. According to the tradition, an apostolic king of Hungary must be a Catholic Christian. . . Horthy was lutheran. . .

[@adamus1342]

He was Calvinist.

[@eman-Ali760]

00:42 The most respected military figure in the landlocked country is an Admiral This guy can spot the irony like a trained police dog spots drugs

[@justahobbiest]

I love that every time he says "as you all will know" I usually do not.. ..but indeed, soon will.

[@TheMightyMosher]

Great video

[@florinamariei9355]

Cool video and all, but Hungarians were not the majority back then. Other than that, I think it'd have been cool for Hu amd RO to unite. Even today it might work. Hu is close to Central Europe, while RO has the Black Șea and Danube Delta. Aside from Orban and others, Romanians and Hungarians get along pretty well. As one country/kingdom things might've ended up looking a lot better.

[@unwarym1190]

Suggestion: How was life different in Polish-speaking regions of Austria, Germany, and Russia? (1814-1917)

[@retrigot2207]

great video

[@nik65stgt60]

Wonderful! Thanks!

[@savagedarksider5934]

I feel so sorry for poor Karl;He would have made A great Emperor in A different time.

[@AntoniuDraculea]

The Habsburgs had plenty of changes to turn their empire around and make it less-hated-by-the-majority-of-its-inhabitants. They should have taken the romanian suggestion of turning A-H into the United States of Austria where each people had its own state/autonomous region. Instead, they allowed themselves to be bullied by the hungarians and what happened we all know.

[@savagedarksider5934]

@@AntoniuDraculea This comment was related to Karl;Not his Habsburg ancestors.

[@lightgreen3479]

@@AntoniuDraculea But the comment was about Karl, not the family as a whole. And Karl definitely did NOT have plenty of chances, he basically had no chances at all. Karl did plan to federalize as soon as the war was won. Btw, many people didn't mind living in the empire, especially Hungarians and Croatians. It was better than it could've been if they were independent (for the smaller ethnicities like Slovakians). Many Croation soldiers had "fallen in service of the king" engraved on their tombstones.

[@AntoniuDraculea]

@Morer R Tried =/= did it.

[@AntoniuDraculea]

@@lightgreen3479 I refered to the Habsburg dynasty of which Karl was a member. Yeah Karl couldn't have done much at all at this point, I agree.

[@valentin9826]

1:56 Transilvanya was majority Romanian but Hungarians were and still are the biggest minority there tho i agree a union between the two countries would have been cool.

[@riziq30]

Also Budapest and Bucharest being in the same country because of the union

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

Tell me, if Transylvania is majorly Romanian, then why doesn't it have a Romanian name? "Ardeal" is merely a bastardization of the Hungarian name "Erdély", Land of Forests.

[@D.A.R.89]

@Nem a Tolvajkergetők How about you give us some numbers then?

[@wallachia4797]

​​​​​@@nematolvajkergetok5104 Because before Hungarians arrived, the lands of modern Romania were collectively called Dacia by everybody from the Byzantines to the Franks. We had no need for a specific name for Transylvania because it was just a normal piece of land we lived in with no special political importance. Macedonia used to be part of Bulgaria before the Ottomans arrived and was just another normal piece of Bulgaria. Later on it was called "Sanjak" because that was the unit of administration installed there. Turks were never the majority in Macedonia, but they were the ruling class and so the specific region took their name. The Sudetenland also didn't have a name until it became politically important. You THINK you're smart but you're really not.

[@nematolvajkergetok5104]

@@wallachia4797 Ah, you and your fabricated history. Descendants of the Roman Empire, huh? Make me laugh.

[@alparslankorkmaz2964]

Nice video.

[@lmaocetung]

Could you please do a video about the Hussite wars and Jan Hus?

[@timspring2757]

James Bisonett was offered the crown but refused on the grounds he had too many financial commitments abroad to focus his attention on Hungary's post ww1 recovery.

[@dopo8333]

I wonder where the author got his info for this video. First of all, Hungarian monarchy did have periods, but not just two. After the battle of Mohacs (1526) Hungary disappeared. The Habsburgs claimed the crown, but given that the Ottomans sieged Vienna in 1529, this is more a pretence title. One should also consider that in 1540 the Hungarian nobility elected a Zapolya as king (a title recognized by the Ottoman emperor, provided he remained a vassal). Some time after, Habsburg conquest made the Habsburg claim real. But, all in all, 1527 saw one Hungary end and another one starting to be built, in a transformation of the same magnitude, if not greater, than the one in 1918. The apostolic kingdom that peaked under Matthias Corvinus and was the basis for most of the Hungarian constitutional construct (the crown of St. Stephen) was no more after this date. The second false claim here is that in 1919 Transylvania was majority Hungarian. It's funny, even Hungarian ethnic maps and published census (just before WWI) show that Hungarians were not even a plurality. Even after the magyarization efforts that took place, mostly after the Ausgleich (1870).

[@gigikontra7023]

These are not innocent mistakes ... Thy are meant to create the impression of a strong, ancient and brave Hungary, an honorable nation that deserves to rule over those Romanians that are just "invented people". Also Hungary "had some injustice done to it". Do you already see where things are going? Is there so similarity between this and Putin's ideas about Ukrainiane?

[@norberthiz9318]

@@gigikontra7023 Your ideas about hungary and transylvania could be compared the putin just as much mate. Hungary IS a 1000 years old country and transylvania was always an integral part of it. Hungary also had injustice done to it, we lost 2/3 of our territory and 1/3 of our ethnic hungarian population. Many parts of the lost territories were completely hungarian and had no connection in any way to romania or the other new nation states. You can't possible think that after that treaty the hungarians should have just shut up. Also what gives the romanian people more right to rule over the hungarian people. Romania don't have any more legitimacy to transylvania then Hungary, there was a large number of romanians living there for centuries, but transylvania was always a historic integral part of Hungary and the romanians living there had more rights then any other ethnicity in any other country in europe. Also the magyarization is mostly a myth, even if it is real it was useless, because assimilation only happened in big cities and the ratio of hungarians to other ethinicites barely changed between 1848 and 1914, and what changed was mostly becasue of emigration(which effected hungarians less then the slovaks for example) and the passive assimilation of the jews and germans in big cities. Stop faslifying history just because you think that threatens your country

[@HarvestStore]

Great video.

[@Peacefulearthw]

Cool video

[@zacksung11]

Future topics: - Why was Burma part of India and why didn't the two reunite? - Why did The Netherlands and Sweden lose their American colonies? - Why was Indonesia Dutch and not Portuguese when Lisbon was the first one to get there?

[@cm275]

The Dutch ceded their claims to their North American colonies to England as part of the Treaty of Breda after the British had seized them in 1664.

[@BartlomiejDmowski]

Charles was I, III and IV. He was also a king of Bohemia. I don't know why, but he was such a nice person that even on this animation he makes my heart warm Horthy was a great ruler actually. But I believe that he didn't wish to keep regency. He was scared of Little Entente invasion and when they were defeated, installing Otto von Habsburg sounded like an option. But Hitler was his enemy as Otto was in favour of Austrian independence from Nazi Germany. Because he was against nazism and because non-independent Austria couldn't restore its monarchy and he wanted to become a next Kaiser. So I think Horthy was like "Let's wait until we are safe". Eventually he would have resigned only as a very old and tired man to keep the power as long as possible

[@Pigraider268]

Isn't Charles like an actual catholic saint?

[@BartlomiejDmowski]

@@Pigraider268 he is a Blessed. Maybe they will make him a Saint. I hope for it. He is one of the great authorities fot me His wife has a title "Servant of God", it's like a one-level lower than blessed. But I think they can make her blessed Fun fact, a Pope who offciially made him blessed was from former Galicia-Lodomeria, his parents remembered Austria-Hungary very well. His first name was Karol (Charles), after Charles I. His second name Józef (Joseph) was after Franz Joseph I. When he met Karl's wife Zita de Bourbon-Parma on an official ceremony of announcing Charles I blessed, he greeted her with words "It's a pleasure for me to meet the Empress of my father"

[@Pigraider268]

@@BartlomiejDmowski I know about Pope. I'm Pole and Galician as well :)

[@Darkfawfulx]

@@Pigraider268 Jhon Paul II?

[@Pigraider268]

@@Darkfawfulx Ye John Paul II

[@JP-297]

The angels of the flag in your animation style tho

[@jwil4286]

Suggestion: What did Aaron Burr do in exile (I know it wasn’t literally exile, but it’s close enough)?

[@antodessin5679]

Questions: Why does Lebanon 🇱🇧 exist? Why Italy 🇮🇹 wanted the Dodecanese islands? Why didn’t Portugal 🇵🇹 try to keep Brazil 🇧🇷? Why didn’t it fight for it? Why Brazil became independent peacefully? Why Didn’t the Portuguese try to claim Morocco 🇲🇦 since it was in their zone according to the treaty of Tordesilias?

[@Tom-2142]

What? You think Portugal didn’t fight for Brazil? They didn’t accept independence immediately, there were battles on land on sea before they accepted defeat.

[@antodessin5679]

@@Tom-2142 Oh I didn’t know that. In my history book though they say that Brazil 🇧🇷 became independent peacefully

[@tepesobrejac4360]

1:55 "Romania now controlled Transilvania which was mostly Hungarian" The Romanians were 60% of the region's population.

[@georgeamesfort3408]

Just about to comment that, thank you for pointing that out🇷🇴

[@georgejudge6437]

Well... no. Mostly was Hungarian. Romanians falsified population data to lay legitim claim to Transylvania. I know. My ancestors lived there until the Romanian Authorities decided they should pack up and move to Hungary. I wouldn't be born if they didn't do that , but still. My grandparents were robbed of their land by Romania. That is why I really dislike comments like this.🇹🇯🇹🇯🇹🇯🇹🇯🇹🇯 🤮🇷🇴🤮🇷🇴💩

[@mr.metamovies2419]

Sékés would disagree.

[@ceoofuzbekistan4025]

@@mr.metamovies2419 tf is a sekes? At leas call them correctly

[@mr.metamovies2419]

@@ceoofuzbekistan4025 Székely Land: Hungarians form a large majority of the population in the counties of Harghita (85.21%) and Covasna (73.74%)

[@ricardokowalski1579]

2:44 "Everybody loves power" Otherwise known as the Bissonette's historic constant

[@xJungz]

As a Hungarian speaker, for further reference, the letter is is actually pronounced like a 'sh' sound so its pronounced Miklosh. The English 'ess' sound is produced through the letters sz together. Hence why Hungarians say budape'sh't, hope this helps

[@gbow6182]

Cheeseburgers

[@raulpetrascu2696]

Sean Connery is a true Hungarian

[@NomenFugazi]

😂

[@simple.citizen4013]

One big mistake at 1:57. In 1910 the majority in transylvania was romanian with 53%. In 1919 the romanian population was 57%.

[@deciboo189]

And due to magyarisation romanian were forced to adopt Hungarian and the census was based on spoken language.

[@gergelyhangodi9008]

The only way Romanians could ever make themselves look like the majority was painting all the vast, uninhabited mountain ranges covered with steep forests as inhabited by Romanians. It's the trick they used on the Entente.

[@ceoofuzbekistan4025]

@@gergelyhangodi9008 the fun part of your comment is that usually 19th century hungarian maps of Transylvania labeled romanian-inhabited zones as unhabited wilderness to lower the percentage. Ironic, right?

[@AntoniuDraculea]

@@deciboo189 According to the language census 53.8% of transylvanians spoke romanian and 31.6% hungarian. Last I checked, 53.8% > 31.6% so no, hungarians were not the majority based on any census, ever. Not to mention that when asked about ethnicity (not commonly spoken language), 57.8% of transylvanians answered they identify as romanians and only 24.4% as hungarians. Why the big difference between 31.6% and 24.4%? As you said, because of magyarization. Loads of romanians, germans, slavs, etc spoke hungarian but did not identify as hungarians, similarly to how the scots and irish spoke english but did not identify as ethnic englishmen. So yes the video is totally off.

[@AntoniuDraculea]

@@gergelyhangodi9008 According to the hungarian official census itself, romanians were the absolute, uncontested majority with 53.8%. Please tell me more about how the hungarian authorithies used tricks to make the romanians look like the majority. No. No tricks were used. Romanians simply were the absolute majority, and together with the transylvanian germans, slavs, gypsies, etc they had had enough of Hungary's malice and oppression and decided to take the alternative, Romania,

[@vladandrewmanolache]

1:53 Transylvania WAS NOT majority Hungarian. In 1930 the Romanians were 57.8% while the Hungarians were 24.4%.

[@sskuk1095]

Charles the first is a fitting patron for this episode!

[@aleksapetrovic6519]

Suggestions: 1. Why was King Alexander of Yugoslavia assassinated 2. Why does Saudi Arabia hate Tailand 3. That time American kid hacked into Pantagon 4. That time kid flew over Berlin wall by accident 5. Why Bolivia has no sea

[@Blaqjaqshellaq]

Technically, Maria Theresa couldn't inherit the Holy Roman Empire crown because she was a woman. Her official title was just Queen of Hungary!

[@mysteriousDSF]

I can't even imagine what it was like to just get out of world war I after losing it, losing 2/3 of your territory and have three bloody civil wars. I'm Hungarian but I feel like the horrors of this period are vastly underestimated in retrospect

[@ginjordom6065]

Welp,that's what you get when you try to keep nations within you silent. If Hungary wasn't such a douche towards Croats,Slovaks and Romanians maybe today you would still have an admiral with an actual job.

[@angusyang5917]

If the British prince was to be called Bela V, I guess they're ignoring the Bela V, aka Otto III of Wittelsbach, who claimed the Hungarian throne from 1305 to 1307.

[@Hand-in-Shot_Productions]

I've found it quite curious that the 1920-1946 Kingdom of Hungary... did not have a king! In fact, I've even heard this "kingdom" be described as "a kingdom without a king, and an admiral without a navy". Now, I know _why_ Hungary went without a kingdom from 1920 onward! Thanks for the video!

[@talltroll7092]

Regencies weren't terribly uncommon during the age of monarchy, although it WAS a bit unusual to have a Regent being Regent for nobody, but rather in charge of finding a King

[@Hand-in-Shot_Productions]

@@talltroll7092 Now that you mention it, most regents I've heard of served because their kings are either too young, absent, or otherwise unable to carry out their duties. However, I have not heard of too many instances where the king is simply _non-existent,_ and the regent is the _only_ head of state! Thanks for the comment!

[@glassychap1141]

It’s kinda like Gondor from LOTR. They didn’t have a king for like 3000 years

[@131alexa]

"Gondor has no king. Gondor needs no king."

[@awc6007]

“What was Vietnam like after the Vietnam War?” For a future video come on.

[@Unknowngfyjoh]

I'll let you know I'm going there in 2 weeks

[@quanghuyvo6112]

get invade by china and pol pot, stay in cambodia in 10 years to root out the genocidal pol pot regime back by us and china, get hit hard by the soviet collapse the economy down the toilet suffer inflation, pull out of cambodia and enact reform, open up to the west and have chinese level of grow and basically capitalist now

[@laurentiuvalentin9118]

In WWII, Hungary had finally declared war on the USA. An envoy is sent to the US embassy, where they handed over the formal declaration, after which the following conversation took place: - What is your form of government? -Kingdom. -Who's your king? - We don't have a king, but a regent. - Okay, then who's the regent? - Admiral Miklós Horthy. - Admiral? So do you have access to the ocean? - No. - Okay. Do you have any territorial claims against the USA? - No, we do not. - Do you have territorial claims against other countries? - Yes, against Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania... - And are you waging war against them as well? - No, they are our allies.

[@areligaming6263]

Literally thinking to myself an hour ago I really want to watch a new history matters video lol

[@juann1400]

Would be nice to talk about when in spain after the first republic we had to choose a king and Amadeo I of saboy was the one

[@dellpcgamer6093]

They don’t have a king because someone accidentally chose “economic intervention” instead of “balanced budget” and got stuck on the wrong path of their focus tree.

[@daveb.4268]

(Playing Checkers) "You've reached the other side of the board, Admiral, want us to King you?" "No, but, thanks to all this popularity and power, I can jump anyone I want."

[@alexbrent6592]

Would you be able to make more videos about eastern history?

[@MMerlyn91]

1:56... Umm, no it wasn't. It was a majority of ethnic Romanians. What you wanted to say was that up until that point it was always part of Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire/Habsburg Empire.

[@norberthiz9318]

it still had a large amount of ethnic hungarians and I'm pretty sure that is what he meant to say

[@richard-li1ll]

thanks for giving hungary the recognition that it very well deserves. their modern history is quite a jarring and interesting end to one of the longest standing nations of europe, and i can do nothing but respect the resolve of the hungarian people despite their unsavory history. much love from the U.S.

[@ATTILA84]

American history is disgusting.What happened to the native Indians? Or the black Africans?

[@Numba003]

I know very very little about Hungary in general, so thank you very much for another interesting and fun video! Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you, friends. ✝️ :)

[@connorgolden4]

Huh. This is a question I didn’t think of but now want to know.