I had 4 weeks off due to a patella fracture. Guess that means I'll be getting twice as fast as you. 😎
@chowzisiong78004 жыл бұрын
At the risk of sounding cliche... wise move. Many people think that discipline is about doing more. But sometimes to get better, discipline is also about doing less.
@hellopsp1804 жыл бұрын
Discipline is about self control, and self restraint. Sometimes it means pushing yourself, but other times its pushing away the urge to keep training.
@raphaelbartolome22654 жыл бұрын
bro, i just wanna say your face looks amazing. its crazy how clear it is compared to your earlier videos. im still going through the whole acne phase (college blows) so i appreciate anyone who keeps up the fight against acne
@anemlachhomebrewing36903 ай бұрын
Sure does. At 44 years old with adult onset acne I’ve figured out how to clear it up completely. For me, that was to quit the booze indefinitely, which made a huge difference but took a good 6-8 months. The final piece of the puzzle was an antibacterial wash daily with cold showers. For me, this combo has completely cleared my skin. Won’t work for everyone but that is my experience… haven’t had a warm shower for over 6 months, and having gone through the winter months (Australia) cold showers have, at times, been a real challenge but now it’s normal. Ride on
@spectre2564 жыл бұрын
Backwards-hat Dylan really coming on strong this episode
@jeffreythree4 жыл бұрын
Strange watching this nodding my head because I do this while my running friends are all bragging who's 100+ day run streaks are the longest on social media.
@PatrickvonMassow4 жыл бұрын
"Uhm ... yes!" - "No", LOL. Never argue with BHD 😃.
@ElonMuckX4 жыл бұрын
Nobody says No to BwHD!!!!!
@KOMHuntTV4 жыл бұрын
7:19 Now... that is a *GREAT IDEA FOR A CHANNEL* 🤩😎👏
@PierreAlainMaire4 жыл бұрын
Who would do that ? 😂👍🏆👑
@stevemurray7104 жыл бұрын
I'm 67 years old. I love to hear that rest is the key. I only seem to be able to do a 53 mile ride on Sunday and a 5 mile run on Wednesday. I feel like death in between, I just lie around watching KZbin and tell my mocking wife how important recovery is.
@TheMerckxProject4 жыл бұрын
Welcome to what those of us who discovered racing in the LeMond or Indurain (or even earlier) eras always did. You ride until lack of daylight in late September forced you to shut it down for a few weeks until you worked up the motivation to join the gym for 4-5 months during the winter. 😎
@ChauffeurCarsEssex14 жыл бұрын
love this channel.
@ronm71142 жыл бұрын
Adaption is key: U have starting point from where u reach and reach. U keep reaching from that point until your body says: u know what, im done with this. I cant reach anymore. From there u rest: the starting point can move to the reaching point. Once recovered ur starting point moved al the way up tho where u reached. This is now the second time i do this and im actually tired in my legs all this time while doing absolutely nothing (figuratively speaking)
@trbeyond4 жыл бұрын
I’m always amazed how terrible I feel when I take a week or two off and equally amazed how quick the fitness comes back after a break.
@rafaelfranco70414 жыл бұрын
Thanks Dylan, just what i needed to hear after a really bad ride. I mean i was too tired after the ride and debating what to do next.
@saynotothegreatreset4 жыл бұрын
Loved the the little dig @Tyler.
@facediaper094 жыл бұрын
Lol
@mrnobody98214 жыл бұрын
Tyler is a different kind of animal though. He has to do things the way he does or he wouldn’t have the time in the day to train the way professional athletes do. He’s not professional and he runs a day job and a family plus release KZbin content. He’s mad, but fair play to him for managing to do it.
@oceanman42824 жыл бұрын
I missed it. Time code?
@CBMaster24 жыл бұрын
@@oceanman4282 5:15
@oceanman42824 жыл бұрын
@@CBMaster2 I think it was 7:20 but thx
@tgoods50494 жыл бұрын
Dylan, once again my hat is off to you for fabulous performance cycling expertise. I’m just about to start my own two week break and this video is just what I needed to rest comfortably knowing I’m doing the right thing for my long term fitness.
@acem824 жыл бұрын
So, I was hoping for a study with a control group, but I see there seems not to be one. I wanted to be proven wrong. I don't take a "break", not really. I train for 8 months (pretty much like everyone says I should do) and then take 4 months of about half volume and 60% the high intensity I would normally do in the training season. That sounds insane, but there are a few things that allow me to do this: 1. I have (functionally) infinite motivation to train. What I mean is my body will give out long before my mind. Actually, even 3 months into the "off season", I'm chomping at the bit to increase the volume and intensity. 2. I have never successfully "peaked" in my life (my dad is the same way). If I train more, I get stronger. Taking a full break seems odd when I'm still gaining fitness. (There's more to this, but this post is too long as it is.) 3. I am somewhat shocked at how quickly most training plans expect me to increase volume and intensity during the training season. I increase both very slowly and my body seems to adapt fully. Also, it's not really necessary to increase these quickly when I'm in really good shape in the off season. Which brings me to #4... 4. I'm 3 months into the off season and I'm hitting PBs in every power zone. Potential reasons: 1. I got my power meter in May, and I've never seen power in the off season. It's possible I "peak" during the off season and lose power when the volume and intensity rise again. I kind of doubt it, as I'm doing the same thing I did last year, and my power kept increasing as the season went on. 2. I'm a genetic freak. 3. Normal people don't have the motivation to train like this so people don't do it. In reality, I'm not doing anything "new", I'm basically doing what Merckx et al used to do and compete in 6 day races in the off season. Maybe they were on to something, or maybe I'm really, really weird. Either way, I'd really, really like to see a study on this and see if this full break stuff is scientifically sound or if it's an example of group-think.
@LarsRR4 жыл бұрын
I have found out for myself, that I need a rest week more psychologically than physiologically. I usually get into the „end-of-season slump“ after the time is shifted to winter time, which usually makes it impossible for me to ride outside after work. That confines most of my riding to the turbo, and with not races to train for, usually my motivation dwindles into no-man‘s Land. I really need 2-3 weeks of in early December to keep my hungry for bike riding.
@dougduchateau4434 жыл бұрын
This video is a nice mix between the science based arguments and your personal input on the topic as well. Thanks!
@JibbaJabber4 жыл бұрын
'Tis the season to be lifting'
@morganma804 жыл бұрын
Just what I needed to hear👍
@kevinc13154 жыл бұрын
You hit a homerun with this video! Great job!
@stevecrabb14 жыл бұрын
Another great one. Thanks. I Broke a femur last weekend so a video on recovering from a big injury or a long layoff would be very interesting.. If your looking for inspiration. Another one would be a comparison of training software like TR, Xert, Sufferfest etc.. Keep up the great work, still streets ahead of the rest.
@giacomomerli91914 жыл бұрын
1:32 article of infamous Dr.Ferrari and Dr.Conconi, the knew a thing a thing about hemoglobin
@Cookefan593 жыл бұрын
This concept is the Gods Honest truth. Just finished a 10 day break after a reverse triathlon and had an absolutely gorgeous brick ride and run this morning. Never felt better. Have three more triathlons this fall and then it’s on to boxing. This concept of taking breaks becomes more important as you age as well. Now in my 60s, I look forward to the breaks and recovery weeks because I come back in much better shape and do well at races. Also, decreases rate if injuries. Listen to this young man. He will help you stay fit as you become an older man!!
@petayV84 жыл бұрын
This video just popped up after I'm taking a 1 month break for the first time in like 6 years. Glad to have confirmation it wasn't a bad idea
@jerrydixon9865 Жыл бұрын
He is absolutely correct, I was training nonstop for like 10 weeks never really taking off a day because I was young and stupid when I was involved in a crash during a race. I tore the skin off from the top to bottom of my body and didn't touch my bike for like 10 days. On the 11th day I rode in a local organized ride and my fitness had gone through the roof. After this I never looked at training the same way again.....
@JoshuaParks4 жыл бұрын
Unfortunately, I’m one of the ‘my “season” never really got started people’ - I did get 1 good ‘mega block’ around June and that fitness carried me through some nice social rides. But no need to take a break, since 2020 has been a break in and of itself. Still, this discussion is an important one. Thanks Dylan...maybe you should take more fortnights off = more videos for us!
@unclepauliestl4 жыл бұрын
Gospel Dylan!! Keep speaking it 👍
@sandrost42434 жыл бұрын
Strength athlete here, agreed. There are a number of studies that show strength athletes that take off completely or do another sport entirely for fun (essentially active rest) for a three week period, twice a year, leads to better overall gains. The hardest part is the mental aspect, it feels so wrong to take weeks off. 😬😂
@superstrada6847 Жыл бұрын
Family events, travel & work obligations are always competing with my training. Sadly my fitness seems to move mostly sideways (on my PMC). The only thing left to do is retire (from work) to get more time to train (not possible)! Thanks Dylan for the video.
@XEinstein3 жыл бұрын
Hey! Why has YT stopped recommending me your videos? I just today realised I used to enjoy watching your training advices and wondered why I hadn't seen any for a few months. Looked you up and noticed I missed a bunch of your videos. Darn YT
@waynesmith45894 жыл бұрын
Excellent video as always Dylan . I think your most important one so far , very good !! Problem is most cyclists are hyper active by nature and find rest weeks etc so difficult , much worse than a hard week , i personally find rest weeks mental torture and because of that i've dug some seriously deep fatigue holes which ironically cause me to take 3 weeks off anyway so.................
@cbyod4 жыл бұрын
Can you do video with BHD as the coach. So you reverse the rolls. Might make for a funny episode.
@williambob1114 жыл бұрын
i just did the same after watching a vid of yours that was about a year old.
@Ultegra10SPD4 жыл бұрын
Look forward to your work in ‘21. Ideally ill be back on the bike, not hurt, and lifting (if only bc im doin more home improvement but not too much that the wheels come off again like this yr). Stay safe and have a good holiday. -U10
@Knud4514 жыл бұрын
Thanks. I really needed to hear this. I'm one of those who can never take rest periods and thinks that I need to train full gas all year round.
@Cypress19834 жыл бұрын
*crossfit athletes have left the chat*
@CycoWarriorx4 жыл бұрын
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🙌🏽
@dpstrial4 жыл бұрын
Last year at this time I did six weeks of very low intensity training, which was too long, giving me a slow start to the season. This year I will keep it at two weeks.
@Supergremlin7814 жыл бұрын
Good job Dylan.
@MaxRothFitness4 жыл бұрын
I’m 5 weeks off so far after a torn tendon in my hamstring.. guess I’ll be fast when I’m back 😉😂
@Obey11364 жыл бұрын
How did that happened?
@goldenretriever62614 жыл бұрын
I broke my collarbone a month ago and took three weeks off. Probably a good thing as I never take time off between cycling and xc skiing. It was actually fun to not worry about riding the bike.
@GOLTEB3 жыл бұрын
Having breaks from riding is honestly hard, since riding is a form of stress reliever alone time for me but there are times that my legs are so burntout that it aches even at the first 5mins of riding.
@HandfulOfHypercubes4 жыл бұрын
Is it ok to have a recovery month-two instead of a rest week? I decided with my coach to try to stay at 300TSS/week (very low for me) for 5 weeks instead of doing a complete rest week, because I feel like I really need some time outside for mental health (covid times). Will the effect be the same if my CTL becomes low enough (in my case from 110 to 65)? I don't need to hurry as I am not planning to race that much next year. Your video made me rethink my strategy... Btw I had low hemoglobin concentration for 3 years straight and I read that might be from increased plasma volume, not from decreased total red blood cell mass - it's an adaptation to exercise. This is what a sports doctor told me and after 3 months off bike this year because of an illness (I still don't know what it was, it was like a long infection with months of muscle pain, but in January, so most likely not Covid) the HGb values returned to normal... Now I am starting to think that I might have been ill because of chronic overtraining!
@sharpcsc9984 жыл бұрын
Excellent review as always.
@patrickfisher20134 жыл бұрын
Priceless information and as always, so funny. Thank you.
@kimrice3944 жыл бұрын
Was just having a mental battle of Don’t be lazy/Take a break the other day, even knowing it’s beneficial. It’s OK😉🤣
@ernie12man4 жыл бұрын
The struggle is real.
@Piklzzz4 жыл бұрын
the biggest gains I got in the last two years were when I had to go on a busines trip for 15 days and our hotel's gym didn't have anything, just a treadmills, so I ended up doing just some lazy runs from time to time, and when I got back home I saw my whole power curve just straight jump up like 10-20 watts, crazy shit
@CowneloAlvaroid3 жыл бұрын
It was the RUNNING that added those watts my guy
@MaximusGlutaeus4 жыл бұрын
Top vid as usual. One point however is that you made it sound like the lifting and lower intensity rides should be incorporated after the mid-season break rather than the end-of-season break. Maybe differentiate between the two? It's a small gripe I know.
@MZ-oz5ms4 жыл бұрын
Hey Dylan, again a good video. I suggest you fix your handlebar tape. The exposed section under the shifter is annoying:)
@mattiasandersson34444 жыл бұрын
"The bodys "supercompension allways work. First deeep downtrained and then rest a week with just spinin your legs easy 2-3 days, after those 2-3 days you have temporly gained your performance. I have used that plan 25 years and it has allways work very very well every time👍👍👍👍 .
@clrbrk91084 жыл бұрын
Great timing to hear this. I have been training hard and consistent since April, originally for a marathon event in November that got canceled, but I found another in mid December that so far is still on. I'm either going to take 2 full weeks off immediately after the race, or I'll do a week of recovery rides after the race then take a week or 2 off. It depends on how drained I feel. What are your thoughts on recovery rides after events? Necessary or not? Thanks!
@jasonmccartney41674 жыл бұрын
Always top notch info Dylan, thanks 👌👍👍
@Mclovinthedank4 жыл бұрын
I did this in the middle of the summer because saddle sores...
@virtualadventures16954 жыл бұрын
Hey Dylan, have you covered breathing? How to breath in different situations such as different heart rate zones, stages in rides/race, training vs racing, long vs short etc. Cheers. Loving your clips as I prepare for my first 100k
@mikewilson04 жыл бұрын
Ugh. Here I am after more than 4 full weeks off due to an injury followed by an illness. I’m losing the last bit of decent weather!!! After this I’m never taking time off again!
@sytsedijkstra4 жыл бұрын
Hi Dylan, Great video once again. I have a question or next video suggestion about recovery and food. Does 'healthy' food post ride makes you recover more effectively then 'unhealthy' food? I think most people rather eat a pizza with chicken and a cheese crust over 2kg of broccoli and a lean filet of fish. Does it really matters what kind of protein-fat-carb you eat?
@MultiSingletrack4 жыл бұрын
Hey Dylan, Enjoy the videos I was wondering if you would do a travel video documenting your away race logistics. Do you drive/fly, hotel/camp, ship your bike, food on the road etc.
@billincolumbia4 жыл бұрын
Good idea.
@henriklarsson7835 Жыл бұрын
Sounds like a wise and simple approach. I’m curious. How long is a normal period of training then resting?
@stevencole73314 жыл бұрын
At almost 60 I ride 3 days a week with 6 hours on the bike . Tried 4 days and I did not like it . Lost motivation and desire quite quickly and some knee pain . The last 2 weeks I only had one ride per week and yesterday I went for a ride and felt really good Have a neighbor who goes for a ride maybe one or 2 times a week and he is always fast . Maybe motivation is the most important part as heavy training can reduce motivation When you look at athletes of all kinds getting injuries maybe from over exercising .
@mrnobody98214 жыл бұрын
I’ve just managed to borrow 130kg of plates and I’ve bought a wall mounted gym. I’m going to start a new compound exercise routine to build my strength as my sprints have gone from legendary tier watts to limp drip piss watts :(
@eduharms33644 жыл бұрын
Will do a 2 week break from any activity as i am going backwards rather than going forward
@broesph3 жыл бұрын
He’ll yeah! I’m doin that right now...
@GeoffreyDean33 Жыл бұрын
I wonder if taking time off is advisable for someone in their 60's. As performance dropoff quickens with every year, I'd think it harder and harder to get back where you left off.
@luizmcmesquita4 жыл бұрын
Another great video. Congrats on the channel as well. I'm learning a lot here. What about the diet during rest periods? I imagine that it is allowed a break on the diet as well. But should it be during the rest period or is it better while training?
@ltonetto4 жыл бұрын
So, you're saying that dropping my road/tt bike for a cx season isn't a good idea? Gyms where I live aren't an option atm, but I've been doing some elastic bands at home and I'm indeed feeling great.
@cameronALR6 Жыл бұрын
What’s the best protocol after a mid season break? 10:50 You mention the offseason here but not midseason
@MrBJPitt4 жыл бұрын
I follow this advice - involuntarily though.... I've had 3 years in a row that involved 3 trips to the operating theatre and time off the bike... #traininggoals
@KOMHuntTV4 жыл бұрын
😳😢
@MrBJPitt4 жыл бұрын
@@KOMHuntTV I see it as titanium frame upgrades
@mrnobody98214 жыл бұрын
Oh I love the theatre!! What shows did you see?
@PhiyackYuh4 жыл бұрын
@@mrnobody9821 he saw orthopaedic surgeon conducting surgery on his knees 😂😂😂 rotten tomatoes views 10/10
@isaacyoung18684 жыл бұрын
I tried to take two weeks.. but couldn't help but get out for a hard day half way through.... Sigh... but viewer beware, don't stress about it too much. It's just a hobby
@marckohler99944 жыл бұрын
Great video as usual! I would be very interested in a video about sweetspot training. Do you recomment it? How do you do it? When in your season do you use it? Thanks!
@facediaper094 жыл бұрын
Now is the time to lose stubborn body fat and get lean muscle from lifting and zone 1+2. You'll thank yourself on the podium later....if....there is a later!!
@DanielHernandezBC4 жыл бұрын
You are assuming that having somewhat lower hematocrit levels is bad and you need to reset it and make it higher, but our bodies lower it on training season for a reason: it is better for performance, as the blood circulates faster through the body. Take a look at studies showing this, kind of related to how effective is EPO (not much)
@DylanJohnsonCycling4 жыл бұрын
Good point.
@romanholzer68664 жыл бұрын
Is it better to train Base Training in the upper part or in the lower part? Some say you get more explosive when do base training super low...
@mhagen47484 жыл бұрын
Great vid D. These breaks helped me a lot over the season. You had mentioned your "numbers" will increase. Do you have any testing protocol to track these. Examples of maybe when to test FTP pre and post break (i took a test my 2nd day back and was expectedly low) and any other metrics that would be worth looking at (5 sec power etc.). Thanks!
@emmanuelnocete1354 жыл бұрын
This is a sketchy topic for me, since we don't have seasoned races, they're everywhere and almost always present. How should i approach an "off season break" or a "mid season break"?
@michaelbouwkamp62003 жыл бұрын
Should you cut out saunas and/or ice showers during the 1-2 week break?
@b_runs994 жыл бұрын
Hey Dylan, I don’t race but I love riding and find motivation quite easy. But I work at Costco, which is kind of a physical job, especially with an 8 hour shift haha. So when I want to take a week off, it’s not really a week off cause I’m at work running/lifting heavy things. In what time frame would you recommend taking 1 week off the bike? Like every 4 weeks? Every 3 weeks? I just wanna make sure I’m not destroying my body, which I don’t think I am. But I would love to hear your input? (I am 21 years old btw) If you don’t really have one that’s totally fine too 🤙🏼 thanks for the great content.
@benwoodland57864 жыл бұрын
I was wondering if painkillers such as paracetamol could improve performance maybe by increasing pain threshold? Is there any science to this?
@sapinva4 жыл бұрын
Acetaminophen is not a pain killer. Good way to kill your liver though, may as well drink and at least enjoy it for a while.
@investireocaminho334 жыл бұрын
The opposite!they slow you down
@benwoodland57864 жыл бұрын
Interesting! Though from what I’ve looked up liver problems only occur with chronic use or consumption with alcohol.
@sapinva4 жыл бұрын
Think it would be on WADA's list of banned substances if it did anything.
@samuraioodon4 жыл бұрын
I do a lot more work when riding with my son. Actually I'm carrying him in the trailer! I see the power go up but speed down. 🤣
@andreassiegenthaler95454 жыл бұрын
If you‘re not able to lift weights due to low back problems, what are your thoughts about high torque efforts (tractor pulls) on the bike as an alternative? Greetings from Berne, Switzerland
@davidking36994 жыл бұрын
curious what you think about diet whilst also in the fitness holiday... A carb loading week? or lean protein, some fasting or what else? what about supplements during this rest period, or tapering off from race season diets / supplements?
@markankone93624 жыл бұрын
Super compensation
@shkreliacademy51764 жыл бұрын
Do a video on your hair and skincare routine
@Ridwanrl1 Жыл бұрын
I actually did this I took 4 weeks off the bike the first ride back on the bike I did feel sluggish and slow but on the second ride my average speed shoot up like crazy
@10ktube4 жыл бұрын
I need to peak 52 times a year, BHD you kill me.
@Di2huffy4 жыл бұрын
DJ turn it up!
@Kudla_24 жыл бұрын
How do you handle the increase in energy or lack of fatigue that helps drive sleep cycles during this period? I’ve found that a reduction of training volume appears to alter my circadian rhythm making sleep and overall recovery difficult during non-active rest periods.
@samuelmundula22164 жыл бұрын
Dylan, what are your thoughts on the Maximal Overload as proposed by Jacques DeVore? Of course DeVore rages on about how good it is but I haven't seen any study on the topic, would you happen to know? The principal is sound, especially if you're getting a cyclist who never went to the gym before into the gym. I dropped my MO workouts with the gyms closing in March and saw a massive increase in FTP with bike-only work, but not sure if that's standing on top of the MO work I did last winter or if that's because I focused more on bike work.
@AstroSquid3 жыл бұрын
Does temperature affect calories burnt during a ride? Example 30 miles in cold weather vs warm with the same effort, will the cold weather riding burn more calories?
@BulletJS Жыл бұрын
just finished 13 days off and did my first easy ride today. question - @ 10:39 did you mean to say "offseason" not mid-season?
@raphaeltiziani74764 жыл бұрын
My coach told me after 4-5 days completely off the bike I could go running a bit. And then after total 14 days we started to train bike agian. What do you think about that?
@novanis52294 жыл бұрын
Hey I am just out of my covid quarantine. Had Corona with medium symptomes and will at least pause for 3-4 weeks. Looking forward to do further medical checks before starting to train again. So looks like it will be about 4 weeks off the bike in total, so two more weeks. How much will be lost during that time or can I do anything to minimize the loss without exercising?
@LarsRR4 жыл бұрын
11:23 - the dude in the background squatting 405 for reps clearly isn’t a cyclist. Track sprinter maybe 😂
@yvestrembleau23964 жыл бұрын
I think it's Silent Mike. Look up Silent Mike on KZbin. He does powerlifting
@Robot-rocks4 жыл бұрын
I think you had very similar video a year ago 🤔
@jeffreythompson62824 жыл бұрын
Can you comment on the timing of taking the break right after you peaked? It seems like putting that peak fitness to more use first would be better - I mean to time the break when your very fatigued rather than relatively fresh. Actually I would guess freshness dictates the nessessary duration of the break.
@richardmiddleton7770 Жыл бұрын
Holding onto a peak can be disastrous. Don't wait for your performance to decline before you take a break. Knowing when you've peaked is key and takes years of experience.
@MrCoyotekiller214 жыл бұрын
So how would you handle peaking if you have a race series of 5 races over 10 weeks. So every two weeks. Should you aim peak in the middle?
@andrx0744 жыл бұрын
So deciding to have recovery or rest weeks and filling the time void with swimming or gym sessions was not my best idea?
@UltimateTuner104 жыл бұрын
I just took a 9 day break after 2 years without any breaks at all (I did take recovery weeks as needed) and my heart rate is like 10% higher than before I left. I don’t feel like I’m blowing up but I’m literally a zone higher in HR for any interval I do. How long until this normalizes again?
@Watch_ur_kicks3 жыл бұрын
What about max 1h spin in recovery zone ? Is it also harmful if u don’t take day off ?
@oscartassinari83974 жыл бұрын
I workout around 9-12 hours during summer season. And the off-season here in Norway is 5-6 months so then I do 4-8h a week. All year it’s around 4-5 workouts a week. No demanding schedule. Do you recommend the same rest week for me or is it just for hard core workaholics?
@griffin29524 жыл бұрын
It depends on the intensity of your workouts
@Sara-df8xp3 жыл бұрын
I have been doing long steady ride for 2 to 3 week, I been riding +600km a week. But unfortunately when I went to the gym I suffer from serious intense dome due to the lock down and so on... I haven't been able to train with weight. It's been 2 weeks of no bike and the third week was not ridding but insatnd I prefer to go to the gym to regain my gym fitness back but am also a bit sad, because am so worried if I will lose all my endurance base ride? Am I back to zero? Does the two to three base ride will go in vain?