Why RED BUBBLES are impossible… or are they?!

Take a look at a bubble and you’ll see all the colors of the rainbow... right? WRONG. Bubbles are actually missing colors!
Check out Self-Evident on PBS Voices: • How Musicians are Soun...
My Patreon! / physicsgirl
If you liked this video, check out:
Only some humans can see this type of light: • Only some humans can s...
How rainbows with NO COLOR are possible: • How rainbows with NO C...
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Creator/Host: Dianna Cowern
Editor: Levi Butner
Production Assistant: Hope Butner
Thanks to
Ben Ryder for the amazing footage of wave interference from his KZbin channel: / @benaryder
The awesome folks who shared their bubble pictures with me on twitter!: Andy Callaway, Philip Palermo, lifewithjess, Danny Thomas, Cate McCleery, @SbastienAndrie4, and so many more that didn't make it into the video.
Special thanks to our Sally Ride level patrons: David Cichowski, Fabrice Eap, Henning Bitsch, Kenneth Hunter, Margaux Lopez, Patrick Olson, Vikram Bhat, wc993219.
Join the Physics Girl Patreon community! ►► / physicsgirl
Sources:
Wave interference video footage provided by Ben Ryder's KZbin channel: / @benaryder

[@laurenzkofler9317]

Diana: "Why it’s impossible to make a red bubble… or IS it?!" *Vsauce Theme intensifies*

[@younlok1081]

hey vscause micheal here

[@daphenomenalz4100]

I thought the same

[@xeno4162]

I wanted this comment

[@gab.lab.martins]

hey michael vsauce here

[@caribbeanman3379]

Yes! What about Fox News? There's a red bubble!

[@braincraft]

Dianna, you've always been so bubbly. Excited for your next videos! YOU GOT THIS 🔭

[@jawad9757]

Indeed

[@deepakjoshi823]

Correct!

[@deepakjoshi823]

Me too awaiting her next video!

[@enriquebuitroncruzalegui5951]

You two girls were my favorite pbs content creators

[@jefferstangier]

rule of thumb: only describe a girl's personality as bubbly(?) -otherwise it means something else

[@alanwelch9216]

8:32 where it cancels out and enhances over and over is frickin awesome good luck with independence!

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it......

[@foolo1]

If two lasers cancel each other out completely, where does the energy go?

[@dag_of_the_west5416]

@Olof Andersson I really want to know as well. Since no one has answered you in 6 months now I will guess. My guess is it goes to imaginary space, the place when you take the square root of negative numbers.

[@ewewew7599]

@@foolo1 the energy is converted to other form of energy

[@ErlendBarkbu]

I enjoy the “in the moment” explanation. It would probably NOT be better in an animation. The way you do it is easier to abstract. Great video

[@KaliTakumi]

I personally disagree but I understand your point

[@aok76_]

I agree.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it....

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

It would be better but it wouldn't be ~better~

[@aqueousone]

Jumping over to Patreon to do what I should have done already.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it.....

[@daniela.valadez8870]

Diana: "Why it’s impossible to make a red bubble… or IS it?!" VSauce: Finally, a worthy opponent! Our battle will be legendary!

[@srgscience]

Congrats! You was faster than me 😍

[@julescpp]

Or, will it?

[@TheCimbrianBull]

"First we need to define a battle..."

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it....

[@Waterdust2000]

She has the scroll then? lol

[@FeierLin]

Honestly Diana is the only thing keeping me going towards my stem degree at this point

[@ChoralAlchemist]

You got this. I’m also working towards a stem degree too. We can do it!

[@tobi_versace]

@@mohammedimaad4454 you realize that's a pic of lady gaga right you creep? Lmao

[@Thanhnguyen-pu5se]

Im a senior in highschool, taken AP physics 1, AP Physics b and now im taking c. Im aiming for a mechanical engineering degree in the future (I mean next year)

[@FeierLin]

@@Thanhnguyen-pu5se you got this!!! I survived AP physics so you can too :)

[@FeierLin]

@@ChoralAlchemist ayyy let's goooo! Maybe we'll work together sometime in the future!

[@gaminawulfsdottir3253]

3:11 The thing shown as an example of a "coating, like of paint," is not a coating of paint; but it IS a coating. That's a naturally-occurring crystalline form of bismuth. The iridescence on the surface is oxidation.

[@josh34578]

Try sneezing with a nosebleed. :(

[@uhohhotdog]

Josh lol true

[@TheCimbrianBull]

Blood mist!

[@xavier9480]

Fff

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@firstname405]

I sneeze through my mouth 😬

[@angelalewis3645]

“Suspicious, huh?” 😂 Dianna is adorable!

[@thecaptain8539]

"If you don't trust me" I wouldn't be here if I didn't trust The Physics Girl.

[@SonOfFurzehatt]

It's the mark of the intellectually honest person though - telling your audience not to take everything on trust.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it.....

[@shelldie8523]

I'd be here just because the lockdown is depressing and it's nice to see someone who's chirpy

[@BraskHouseConcerts]

Dianna has Severe long-term covid. Share and support her please

[@Lyander25]

6:47 Is that shade being thrown in a discussion about how wave interference can result in the cancellation of certain colours? Meta. EDIT: Oh wow, your lead-in hinted at it but that announcement at the end actually caught me off guard. Wishing you loads of luck and oodles of fun with the channel moving forward! That would explain the animation budget :P

[@bdpusztai]

My daughter insisted we send you a compliment. She says: thank you for teaching us science and I can’t wait until I understand it more. And I hope you make more science videos. Bye!

[@WouterVerbruggen]

This same phenomenon is used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a solid/crystal. The field is called diffractometry, and it can be done not only with photons (light) but also with, for example, electrons or neutrons

[@DFPercush]

I remember seeing on one of the physics YT channels, a lab with a nuclear reactor where they used a neutron beam to see inside an internal combustion engine, that was pretty wild.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@WouterVerbruggen]

@@mr.knight8967 and this is relevant to my comment why? lol

[@epiphanyy146]

All the very best for the future Dianna!!! Thanks for inspiring me and soooo many other children to persue there passion for physics....

[@MamguSian]

I was so relieved when you said you were still carrying on your channel. I thought we were going to lose you and that would have been awful. All the best.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@sadiqmohamed681]

Excellent explanation. Understanding bubbles and colour helped when I encountered dichroic filters. That is a whole other madness! Good luck with your solo venture.

[@btrswt35]

It's really PBS's loss. She's one of those presentators who's enthusiasm and sense of wonder makes others interested and they, themselves, ask why things are the way they appear. Glad to hear it's not an end but rather the beginning of another chapter.

[@donnasummer6285]

What’s wrong with PBS?

[@PhysicsPolice]

@@donnasummer6285 I'm wondering the same thing.

[@NanaIsMyNickname]

I'm so glad you're continuing your youtube channel even though you're no longer with PBS, I love your videos

[@polloman29]

I'm sure we are all going to love your newly independent channel, good luck!

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@hipzipper1]

I love your stuff and look forward to any new vid you bring out. I make it a habit of showing them to my grandchildren. Very intertaining, informative, and yet easy to understand. Please keep up the awesome content. Good luck.

[@Enn-]

I wonder how many times she said "string theory" in the outtakes.

[@a-bela]

Love you girl! showed us again something what is in front of our eyes, and we didn't see/remark it! i saw so much times bubbles, and didn't remarked the red missing! Vow! have to check it....

[@IronmanV5]

If only you were my physics teacher in high school, you would have been one of my favorite teachers!

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@twothreebravo]

Okay, the part at the end with the striping because of the varying thickness of the bubble that caught me off guard. Very cool!

[@orfeassiozos1575]

If you guys want to have some fun, try watching the shadows of bubbles when you shine a flashlight on them!

[@michelcolman314]

Hi, Dianna, I love your videos but I just can't help correcting you on this one. Separate waves of light do not interfere with each other. Interference is only possible between waves that belong to the same photon. A lot of people get this wrong: unlike sound or water waves, light does not behave like a vibration in some medium. You would not be able to let two lasers cancel each other out (though I would love to see you try). What you CAN do, is send one laser beam through a beam splitter and let those two resulting beams interfere with each other. That's because each photon will be traveling through both beams simultaneously (in the form of probability waves) and those pairs of waves will interfere just like in the double split experiment. Watch Richard Feynman's QED lectures for an excellent explanation of how this works. So what's happening in the soap bubble is that individual photons are bouncing off BOTH sides of the bubble surface (just like photons going through both slits in the double split experiment), and the waves associated with those two paths of the same photon are interfering with each other. If those waves cancel each other out, the probability of observing that photon becomes zero.

[@IAmTheAce5]

"where was I?" You were being adorable

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@champnessjack1154]

I don't think this is correct. You're saying that because the light destructively interferes, you will only see colors resulting from subtracting pure colors from white light. But the light will just as often constructively interfere, and along those viewing angles, you would see the pure color. Also the blues and greens look pure to me! Here's an alternative explanation: thinking of a bubble as a spherical shell, those shells tend to have smaller width than the wavelength of red light. So the red light doesn't interfere as much and you don't see the red. Could check this by making bubbles out of stuff with thicker walls.

[@0xEmmy]

Me: the math behind this is awesome and surprisingly useful. Also me: colors pretty! (Sidenote: here's an idea, try this with 2 wavelengths, one at half of the other.)

[@SCEmissary]

Your enthusiasm and playfulness is so contagious and delightful. It's always a joy to watch your videos, especially for me as a physics teacher. I wish you so much success and joy for your future! :)

[@sogerc1]

9:45 Diana, you scared the bejesus out of me for a second there.

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@AdrianaTufaile]

Wonderful !!! I'll show it to the students in my class. I made a video showing this effect on the wings of the morpho butterflies. The blue on these wings is an interference color. You can see shades of green as well.

[@johnlannon87]

:O whoa congratulations!!! How can we support you outside of financial contributions on patreon?

[@physicsgirl]

Like comment subscribe! Haha no, you’re already supporting by watching. Thank you Jannerius :)

[@tree_carcass_mangler]

It also helps (slightly) to sit thru as many pre and post adverts as you can tolerate. My limit is usually 60 to 90 seconds total.

[@jimsvideos7201]

@@physicsgirl If you want to premiere videos - on perhaps an hour's notice - then people who don't use patreon can make donations through youtube.

[@sciencedoneright]

@@physicsgirl wait, his name is John Lannon, diana

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it...

[@lazylizard6705]

I'm pretty sure that the striping effect is not due to the thickness but rather due to the angle difference. This is similar to (or opposite of be more precise) (x-ray) diffraction. In diffraction light is only diffracted when n*lambda=2*d*sin(theta), aka bragg's law. Here light is cancelled out when n*lambda= "odd number"*d*sin(theta). The difference is that in diffraction you have basically infinite layers instead of just one for the bubble.

[@DANGJOS]

@ Lazylizard It's not one or the other; it's both. The angle, and the thickening bubble contribute to where the light interferes constructively or destructively. You'll see the bands in a non curved soap film too. It's just that you don't have to worry about the angle as much when calculating where the bands should be.

[@lazylizard6705]

@@DANGJOS Of course thickness can be of influence, there is a d in the equation after all. I'm just not convinced that the thickness plays a bigger role than the angle in the regular striping effect. The thickness of a newly created bubble or an oil spill will probably be quite inhomogeneous, which gives the chaotic colors. Ps. The angle of reflection of a non curved film is not uniform, seeing bands there does not mean it's not due to the angle.

[@DANGJOS]

@@lazylizard6705 Look up thin film interference in soap films. It is definitely because of thickness. That is the main effect. All angle does is shift where the constructive interference will occur. It doesn't fundamentally change anything. The order of colors is the same regardless of angle of incidence. Bragg's diffraction is a different effect. I actually graphed all of the colors from triphosphor fluorescent lights and how they would interfere in soap films, based on the film thickness, refractive index, and phase shift of reflection. The math I used assumes the light comes in the film normal to the surface. The colors I predicted from this match surprisingly accurately to the observed colors out to 1500 nanometers or so. It even predicts the colors repeating beyond 1600 nanometers. The colors show that the film greatly thickens from the top of the film to the bottom, when the film is oriented flat and vertical, just as one would expect from gravity.

[@UltimatePwnageNL]

So eyes with different configurations of receptors see soap bubbles differently? If you're an animal with many more than three color receptor types, bubbles must look even more amazing!

[@nwimpney]

well in more detail, colours that are almost in phase or almost out of phase add or subtract to a lesser degree. So really, it's not a specific blue being subtracted to make magenta, it's a bunch of near by colours kind of putting a dent in the spectrum. If your eyes have different wavelength receptors that are still somewhere kind of close to ours, they'll look quite similar, though different parts of the rainbow would be very subtly brighter or dimmer. Where things will drastically change is if their receptors are much shorter wavelength (think 1/2, or 1/3, etc) the less saturated pale colours where the rainbow repeats further down on the bubble could look very different to them. But if your eyes were that different, everything else would look completely different too.

[@TheCimbrianBull]

If I remember correctly the Mantis Shrimp has the most sophisticated sense of vision in the animal kingdom. I wonder how that creature would see the soap bubbles?

[@andrearicci9189]

Really interesting video, as always. you could even talk a little bit about Rayleigh scattering and why sky is blue and sometimes it appears reddish.

[@suzannestrickland1586]

This video is well timed. I was just looking at oil sheen on the ground yesterday and thought about asking you to explain why oil sheen looks rainbowy Now I don't have to

[@TheCimbrianBull]

What a strange coincidence. But a good one.

[@david203]

The interesting thing is how oil sheen =doesn't= at all look like a rainbow.

[@mugwamp]

That was very cool, especially with the strings, but I think there is an error in one of the asides. It is suggested that the light crests of waves of a given frequency aren't all aligned (in phase), but that cancellation can happen in two-layer reflection between pairs that are. However, let's apply essentially the same argument to the case of single-layer reflection: the light crests aren't all anti-aligned (180 degrees out of phase), but cancellation can happen in single-layer reflection between pairs that are. That would imply almost no light is reflected from a single layer! So, one has to either explain double-layer reflection in terms of a single wave solution (wave picture), or interference of a photon with itself (particle picture).

[@justie1220]

You’ve led me down a rabbit hole I’m not fully prepared to travel down... 😂

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@Incandescentiron]

We use the thin film properties of constructive and deconstructive interference to create anti-reflective coatings on camera lenses and eyeglasses. You found a great way to present this effect. Thanks for posting.

[@SuperVstech]

Pause screen at 0:32 and look at the pattern on the bubble. A cute heart is in the center upside down

[@david203]

Humans can recognize patterns really easily.

[@manuelrodriguez5293]

Always excited to watch your videos. They are always extremely clear and easy to follow :)

[@FrancescoDiMauro]

8:40 those are called Newton's rings! 🤓

[@nwimpney]

Wow. I had seen those in pictures in the context of telescope building before, but had never put two and two together. :)

[@TheCimbrianBull]

I think I learned a new thing today. Thanks! 😀

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@cristinaalexe7454]

I recommend your videos to my students, they're so fun and well explained. Looking forward to many more of them

[@donaldhobson8873]

"so much light that some cancels out with others" This isn't quite right. Even if you had a really dim source of light, such that 2 photons never touched the film at the same time, you could still see the colours in a long exposure photo. What is really happening is that each photon is being split into a superposition of bouncing off the front and back of the film, and going through. And light waves can destructively interfere with their own superpositions.

[@GlimpseMaster]

Thanks for the mind-bending additional information :-)

[@AshiStarshade]

Are you sure this is really like the slit experiments? (like have gone through the math or something) or are you just speculating, or repeating what you learned?

[@gerrykavanagh]

I remember reading QED by Richard Feynman where he talks about this with his little clock analogy

[@DANGJOS]

@Physics Girl Hi Dianna! I'm glad you made a video about soap bubbles and color, which is one of my favorite things. But guess what. You *can* get red in a soap bubble with white light. You just need a certain light source. Specifically the common *triphosphor fluorescent* light bulbs or tubes. I actually used Kaleidagraph to graph the intensity of the colors in thin soap films, based on the mathematics of interference (adding sine waves together with a phase shift). I have actually been able to accurately predict the colors in the soap bubble all the way out to 1500 nanometers or so, and the colors repeat after about 1600 nanometers. This is assuming the fluorescent light illumination, and a refractive index of 1.35 for the film. At about *800-850 nanometers,* there is a spot where the 611.5 nanometer spike, and 630 nanometer area of the fluorescent light add together, and most other colors, except one peak at 488 nanometers, cancel. This creates a red-like color I like to call "interesting red". So there's actually no reason that you can't get red in a soap bubble. You just need a light source with *discrete* emission spectra (rather than the continuous incandescence of the sun and light bulbs). And as long as those wavelengths are in the right place, red can appear. It's really cool! Thanks for the great video, and talking about something I've found fascinating for a long time!

[@stevesedio1656]

Nicely done. One light wave. The surface of the bubble doesn't reflect all the light from a wave. Some reflects from the top surface, some from the bottom surface (2 beam splitters). The color is brightest when the film is 1/2 wavelength (1/2 in, half out, adds), dimmer at 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, wavelength, etc. as the second beam is attenuated by the bubble material.

[@noisycarlos]

Nice. I come for the jokes on the end card, but the videos are always good :-)

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

It's like a five-minute buildup to a dad joke. I love it.

[@qwertyTRiG]

That was excellent. You can do massive projects with all kinds of complicated equipment, or you can sit at a desk playing with soapy water and string, and either way you're engaging, entertaining, and very very informative. Keep on keeping on, and good luck with your new direction.

[@박준서-w7b]

THE MOST SURPRISING THING: WE LEARN THIS ON 11TH GRADE IN SOUTH KOREA

[@jollyjokress3852]

Really? Cool! It is so interesting specifically that you consider the inner and outer layer of a bubble.

[@jasonprime3574]

Okay. I’m usually really good at following your videos. But this one melted my brain!! Amazing video!! Me and my daughter LOVE your content!!

[@0Iive]

My face is full of red bubbles 😔

[@justingould2020]

We use this in spectacle lens coatings (and in other optics). The coatings are a quarter of a wavelength thick so the reflection from the back of the coating cancels out. We refer to them as anti-reflective coatings.

[@mohderaaf3896]

7:20 Oh so that's how iphone x got its wallpaper,😂

[@jeffwomack5821]

This is the second video of yours's that I've watched and had to sub. Love your energy and such a smile that I'm sure you could walk into a room of angry people and within minutes everyone would ne happy and smiling. The way you explain everything doesn't leave questions and confusion. So awesome channel !!

[@NewMessage]

Missed opportunity for a sponsorship deal on this one.

[@FLPhotoCatcher]

With redbubble .com?

[@GlimpseMaster]

Really enjoyed the presentation (including string manipulation); even the bits I already knew (e.g. oil bubbles) were compelling. I also wear anti-reflective coating on my spectacles which works the same way and STILL did not work out "why not red?" until your big reveal. I worked out a red laser would see a red bubble but I did NOT guess how interesting the result would be! thank you!

[@kezzyhko]

Double-slit experiment? Nah, just make some bubbles and see the strips of light

[@mr.knight8967]

Math : polynomial Factor higher degree polynomial kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIaaXmNsdph-jq8 One time see it..

[@ShadowFoxSF]

Omg. Decades ago, now... I was in Gifted/Talented summer school and did a segment with bubbles. We focused on things like water tension and how you could actually pass things through bubbles so long as they has solution on them too. It was fun! Closest we got to red bubbles was by mixing some colorant (paint or some dye?) Into bubble solution and then blowing bubbles onto a bit sheet of paper. Made an art.

[@onthecover5042]

Fun fact: Your blood is red, and if you drink Coca Cola, it will stay red

[@sticktheok]

lol

[@david203]

Fun fact: if you drink Coca-Cola every day, your life will be shorter, on average.

[@daniriesgo]

Hello from Argentina ! Good luck on this new solo phase, we'll still be here. I love the videos, I can keep hours watching them, except I've already seen most of them so not anymore haha. I have a Physics question for you: 've had this question for a long long time which no one could answer me yet. I don't know if it is Physics or Chemistry, you let me know. But have you noticed how colors left in the sun just fade away? I'm not sure if all colors, outdoor furniture usually break before. But I've had like decorative bowls and drawings in paper left for YEARS outside, and they eventually end up all "white" (or whatever the object's base color was). Once it even happened with a drawing which was always inside but behind a window which got a lot of light.

[@emmanuelmahuni8163]

Seems like physics girl is turning into a woman 🥴. For a moment I thought she was going to mention that she's getting married🥴. Don't pay attention, just rubbish bubbling up my mind without red.

[@deano43]

The fact that you used string instead of animations helped my son immensely. He was fascinated because I have a rare case of colourblindness where I can only see red and he wondered how I see things. Thanks.

[@gaiaocracy]

Infectious and physics are two words not usually associated with each other. You, Physics Girl, make learning about physics infectious.

[@Rjkilcoyne1994]

Love many things from PBS despite not being American, but happy that you are able to forge your own path, look forward to what ever you do in the future and hope I can support your wonderful content in any way possible

[@Stella737E]

I knew this. But thank you for the very entertaining explanation!

[@anusmitaguria6549]

You are amazing Dianna and your experiments are wonderful and amazing....... Really this episode of making bubbles is also amazing........ 😍😍😍😍

[@AthAthanasius]

09:09 - Eeek! ... oh, phew! Good luck with the future outside of PBS! Here's to many more years of Happy Physicsing !

[@donaldwyant3483]

You go girl...ur doing a great job. Easy to follow, and understand. And you're not boring..your'e alive..if only I had teachers you in science..52 yrs ago..

[@bentoth9555]

Excited to see where things go from here. I love how excited you always are in these videos, it's what keeps me coming back.

[@juanvelasquez4682]

I hope your future ventures are everything you want them to be! You keep making the videos, I'll keep watching!

[@ButWhySci]

I've got a really nice animated video on my channel called "Why does diffract produce rainbows?" if you want to see the quantum mechanic function for this phenomenon. It's pretty decent.

[@david203]

The "But Why?" video on diffraction is one of the best physics videos I have seen. The graphics are clear and the explanations of QED are very helpful. I second the recommendation.

[@kalebjohns7715]

I have been watching for the longest time, I am excited to see you move on. And I love how enthusiastic and bubbly you are about every video topic, you have soo much fun with it!

[@TS_Mind_Swept]

And in this video, we see Diana attempt to explain why you don't normally see red bubbles using string theory

[@dag_of_the_west5416]

Enjoyed the video. As someone that grew many thin films in a former career I did wonder why you didn't mention refractive index? Also I used to be able to see whether 40 nm films were present or not based on the color change as viewed by eyes alone.

[@DELLISTX]

You are so much fun to watch. You make it fun to learn, and you should be on a new video every week, in every school science class, in the US. If you need help on anything, you know you can just ask and I am sure being one of the 1.7M subscribers, we can figure something out.

[@Geezimac]

It took me a few days but I finally got to finishing the video.....OMG! Congratulations and I’m excited for you! I look forward to seeing the first video of Physicsgirl Production studio!

[@mathyou9]

I love how you're always so giddy/silly in your videos! You should make a 2nd channel where you cover all of the same topics, but for which you'd be a tipsy/slightly-drunk in the videos. That would be extra fun to watch! :-)

[@craigthacker]

You are so brave to go at it on your own. Thanks for the great channel, I for one will definitely be sticking with you.

[@nomanmcshmoo8640]

Congratulations on your new independence!!! From your earliest work, through your partnership with PBS, you keep getting better and better. Whatever happens next, I know you will keep moving up.

[@aumtrivedi668]

PBS is a great community they have awesome channels but so do you... You are a legend good luck for your channel Diana👍🏻

[@TemporalRecall]

It's kinda cool that in the middle of one light demonstration (1:48), the Rolling-Shutter effect and the LED pulsing is shown in the horizontal lines in the reflected light.

[@DaBlondDude]

This was cool, and something I wouldn't have guessed ... also well explained and animated lol. Wow, you're making quite a leap, congrats and I'm looking forward to seeing what you do moving forward =)

[@paleo747]

Best of lucks in this new stage! we'll be here rooting for you and enjoying your videos as always.

[@ctakitimu]

You're like a cross between the teacher I always wanted (your passion for science is super contagious) and Alyson Hannigan from her American Pie days. And my science understanding is only high school graduate level, but it's enough to keep up....mostly. Thank you for sharing science with your gift

[@Scandium_quasar]

This video blew my mind, sooo cool!! I love how I now know why there are stripes especially in a bubble because it's so fascinating!

[@DANGJOS]

@Rocky Boyo And you can use those colored stripes to determine what light source someone is using, even if you can't see it directly!

[@fordsfords]

So, I knew about thin films and colors and such, but I am SO GLAD I watched! I've never seen the bands of red light. That was AWESOME! Thank you so much for doing that experiment!

[@AkukAkuku]

That part at 8:59 was especially illuminating where presence or absence of red matched the different colours in white light.

[@cristinaalexe7454]

I love your videos and, as a girl in Physics myself, find them really encouraging. Good luck in everything that you do!

[@jollyjokress3852]

I'm psyics girl too. Actually, natural sciences girl but it's the same ;)

[@christophermahon1851]

Speaking of light and liquid: cloth, paper, and my old, gray hair get darker when wet. On the other hand paint is lighter when wet, and dries to a slightly darker color. I think I understand the reasons for the first group, but definitely not the paint. I am an artist and a house-painter, so my interest is personal. Good luck going solo! You're wonderful.

[@WorkingHandsMakingStuff]

Congratulations and good luck in your future. Love watching your vids. Keep up the great work.

[@particles1101]

You make things really easy to understand. I love your videos.

[@patcassidyOutdoors]

Could you look up Aerogel? A synthetic, porous, ultralight material made from a gel from which the liquid component is replaced with gas. Extremely strong and thermally insulating, an aerogel block heated up to 2,200 degrees Centigrade can be held with the bare hands without burning the skin. Sound like fun. Thanks for a great series!

[@DirtyMort10en]

Wow bombshell! Congratulations and good for you! Great work as always Dianna!!

[@ulti-mantis]

Iridescence is an awesome phenomenon, I especially love it in certain animals that use nanometric structures to create color without needing to synthesize pigments.

[@Suburp212]

"Oh no. Pleh." Best of your video edits, thanks. Made me smile today.

[@godavarinarayanraobhusare1251]

Dianna, you are just so good . Keep doing . I wished you were my school teacher you increased my interest in physics which is more than an interesting subject .