Xylem and Phloem - Part 2 - Transpiration - Transport in Plants | Biology | FuseSchool

Xylem and Phloem - Part 2 - Transpiration - Transport in Plants | Biology | FuseSchool
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the aerial parts of a plant (so the leaves and stems).
By water evaporating out of these parts - mostly the leaves, a suction pressure is created which draws water up through the plant. This is called the transpiration pull.
Water passes in from the soil by osmosis, passing down the concentration gradient, and into the root hair cell’s cytoplasm, and then on to the xylem vessels.
Water moves through the xylem vessels from the root to the stem to the leaf. As well as the leaf cells needing water for photosynthesis, water also keeps the cells turgid which supports the plant. Inside the leaves, water is drawn out of the xylem cells to replace the water lost through transpiration.
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[@steezmonster92]

Notes Evaporation from the leaves creates a negative pressure which draws water up the plants: called the transpiration pull. Roots have "root hairs" to increase the surface area for water absorption. Osmosis allows the water to enter into the root hairs. Enters into the xylum vessels and travels from the root to the stem and leaf. Because water is cohesive, when it evaporates it pulls water up the vascular system. In addition, water keeps the cells "turgid." This means that the cells are full of water and have some structure. Water is drawn out of the xylum to replace water lost via transpiration. This also allows minerals to be delivered to the leaves. When the rate of transpiration increases, so does the rate of water absorption by the roots. If we need to slow down photosynthesis, then we need to slow down gas exchange via the stomata. There are guard cells surrounding the stomata openings which accomplish this. The guard cells surround the opening and during the day, when there is sunlight, sugars are made in the chloroplast (site of photosynthesis). When you make sugars (or any solute) you increase osmotic pressure and this draws water into the cell. This swells up the guard cell making it "turgid." The swollen guard cells bend like hot dogs and open up the stomata to allow more gas exchange. When the stomata open, this allows water loss. At night, we don't have sunlight and photosynthesis slows down. There's less sugar being made and the guard cell uses up the available glucose. This loss of glucose decreases solvent concentration in the cell and there is a decrease in osmotic pressure. The guard cell loses water via osmosis and it closes on the stomata opening.

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Xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant. It is responsible for replacing water lost through transpiration and photosynthesis. Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs. Best EVER TEACHER!

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Hi. I see that you used the Starch-Sugar Hypothesis to explain the mechanism of transpiration in plants. Can you also do the Potassium-ion Hypothesis? Much appreciated. Thank you for your excellent videos. :)

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