Year 1 Organic Chemistry Mechanisms Explained | Ultimate AS & A-Level Chemistry Guide

[@alishanamakula]

I am so so happy you exist man❤ I'm sorry you don't have a million subscribers because this is content that is actually making me understand Chemistry and im so grateful for that because falling behind can be really painful But you're that person that is able to pull people out of that place of not understanding and someone people can depend on to understand a topic Thank you ❤

[@chemistrytutor]

I really appreciate you taking the time to give this feedback. It means a lot to me that people are finding it useful. Well done for keeping working at it! 😃

[@alishanamakula]

@@chemistrytutor Thank you so much for responding and the support too! Hopefully I get out of this rut and get the A* I need😁 best of luck for your channel to grow tremendously!

[@simonghostriley6561]

thank you so much man im currently in y13 and i got absolutely horrible grades in y12, DUU however this year is a come back arch for me im going to get AAA

[@chemistrytutor]

Glad I could help! Best of luck 👍

[@xtrasss]

Thank you!!! This is so in depth and explained so well

[@chemistrytutor]

Thanks for the feedback 😀 I'm really pleased it's useful!

[@sairagul7700]

THANKS DUDE this was so helpful!

[@chemistrytutor]

@@sairagul7700 excellent 👌

[@gracechen2412]

A big thank you to you, sir! This video is so so helpful! I was so confused with all the reactions in each group. Now I know how the homologous groups are related to each other through these reactions. The table comparing substitution and elimination of halogenoalkane is extremely helpful! Just one thing to be added on to this video: the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkane with NaOH/KOH to produce alcohol. I know it's very similar to halogenoalkane with KCN and NH3 but it will be great to included in this video.🙂

[@chemistrytutor]

Thank you for the lovely feedback... its really clear how it's helped you 😃 I'm planning on releasing some shorter videos about y13 chemistry after the June exams. Hopefully that isn't too late for you?

[@ByeBye-r2u]

This is so good! I was looking for videos to make a poster and I came across this. You explain it so well and presented it so clearly. Thanks!😊

[@chemistrytutor]

That's such lovely feedback, thank you 😊

[@aaryanmahmood2234]

Very helpful. Thank you!😊

[@chemistrytutor]

😃 👍

[@alisalis1568]

Man… I love you 🫶

[@chemistrytutor]

😃 I'm pleased you've found it useful 👍 Good luck!

[@almondblossom4819]

Hi sir, at 26:46, why is one of the products for the right hand pathway H+, and not H20 like the left hand pathway? Thank you!

[@chemistrytutor]

Typo! It would be H2O Good spot!

[@almondblossom4819]

@@chemistrytutor thank you :)

[@ImranAwan-n9s]

In nucleophilic substitution, in the reaction with cyanide, why does the I become I- (minus) and 2 electrons, and not just I-. As iodine has 7 electrons, but 1 of these electrons is bonded with the carbon in the bond, if it just gains the electron from the chlorine, should it not be I-? As well as this, why in the reaction with ammonia is there a positive?

[@chemistrytutor]

Great questions. When the C - I bond breaks the I takes both electrons. The I becomes negative as you say. We often don't need to show the electron pair from the bond, but if we do choose to show it, we don't normally worry about how we show the electrons. This usually means we choose to show them as two dots (rather than a dot and a cross). For the Ammonia substitution, the intermediate needs to be charged for a couple of reasons. Firstly, the two reactants were neutral, and the halogen leaves as a negative ion, so the other thing needs to be positive to conserve charge. Secondly, the Ammonia has lost full control/ownership of its lone pair, and its now shared. So it effectively has now got 50% ownership of the pair. A net loss of 1 electron

[@Josh_J23]

9:49 why is the carbon positively charged though? i dont understand

[@chemistrytutor]

The carbon in the carbocation is positively charged because it has lost one of its own electrons from the double bond. Before the reaction, this carbon has 8 electrons in 4 bonds (2 single bonds and 1 double bond), sharing electrons with the atoms around it. During electrophilic addition, the other carbon "takes" both electrons from the double bond-one from each carbon. This leaves the original carbon with only 3 bonds (6 electrons), meaning it’s short by one electron from its usual outer shell. This electron loss is why it becomes positively charged

[@simonghostriley6561]

real quick question could you explain in electrophiles the part where you said about the C+ being on the right hand side i dont get it 11:10

[@chemistrytutor]

When I talk about the carbon on the left or right, I'm referring to the two carbon atoms that began with the double bond. The purple pathway shown on the right of the screen has the H from HBr joining the right hand carbon of the double bond to produce a primary carbocation, whereas the red pathway on the left adds the H to the left carbon of the double bond and produces a secondary carbocation

[@AishaM-kk7mg]

Can you please do a similar video with Year 2/ Year 13 mechanisms - it would be really appreciated ?

[@chemistrytutor]

They're on the way now. Electrophilic Substitution out first... kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJY

[@chemistrytutor]

nucleophilic addition: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnvRYZZnp8h0rtE

[@chemistrytutor]

Last A2 mechanism kzbin.info/www/bejne/aaXTZIhrrNmdkM0

[@aisha.mospah4571]

Can you please do a video like this for year 13 mechanisms ?

[@chemistrytutor]

They're on the way now. Electrophilic Substitution out first... kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJY

[@chemistrytutor]

nucleophilic addition: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnvRYZZnp8h0rtE Electrophilic substitution also released last week: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJYsi=M2RxqpaP-c5VZl7R

[@chemistrytutor]

Final A2 mechanism... Nucleophilic addition elimination kzbin.info/www/bejne/aaXTZIhrrNmdkM0

[@mariiiaammmmamamama]

Can you do an A2 version as well

[@chemistrytutor]

I'm working on that for this week 👌

[@chemistrytutor]

nucleophilic addition: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnvRYZZnp8h0rtE Electrophilic substitution also released last week: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJYsi=M2RxqpaP-c5VZl7R

[@yaramahmoud3477]

thank you so much for taking the time to make this video! It really helped out alot

[@chemistrytutor]

I'm really pleased it was useful 😀 I have some walkthrough questions already, but yes... planning on doing more!

[@KyraYang-g1t]

11:27 Does it matter if I draw the purple arrows but drawing a secondary carbocation intermediate? It's a bit confusing to differentiate the two kinds of drawing (of the arrows).

[@chemistrytutor]

For A level you can draw either of the colour types of arrow. I drew them the way I did to highlight where each atom could go to give the different products. What matters is which carbocation and product you draw. You'll get the information for which from the command in the question... they'll ask you to show the mechanism for producing a specific product and you'll need to deduce which carbocation it forms from, or they'll ask you to draw the mechanism for the major or minor product. So you have to unpick which mechanism is needed

[@KyraYang-g1t]

@@chemistrytutor wow, that's truly a spontaneous response. That's the first time I got replied on KZbin within one day. Thanks Sir, I would take that into notice in my upcoming chem test.

[@sarahj8053]

I love you thank you so very so very so very much

[@chemistrytutor]

You're welcome! More year 2 videos on the way 😃

[@PatelHarnisha-g9j]

Can you make video on nucleophilic addition

[@chemistrytutor]

Yes, I'm doing that next. Electrophilic Substitution out first... kzbin.info/www/bejne/h2eakppmdreCnJY

[@chemistrytutor]

nucleophilic addition: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnvRYZZnp8h0rtE

[@taiju5462]

30:26 why is there a lone pair on the oxygen? Since it is in group 6 shouldn’t it be stable since it’s already bonded to the carbon and hydrogen?

[@chemistrytutor]

It's stable, yes. But it still has a lone pair. Two of them in fact. It uses 2 of its electrons to make the 2 bonds (one to C and the other to H). So 4 of its outer energy level electrons are unbonded

[@gymwniamh]

Can you do a video in Born Haber diagrams I’m getting confused when to x2 or not for some of the values

[@chemistrytutor]

I've done a couple of BH Cycle question walkthrough videos... kzbin.info/www/bejne/oovUdpR6hr-nq6M

[@chemistrytutor]

And this... kzbin.info/www/bejne/j5TEhXqQiZqIi5Y

[@thee_pauline]

Sir at 25:04 isn't that a primary haloalkane (meaning it undergoes substitution only) so why is the end product a alkene? Shouldn't it be an alcohol or is the end product based on what OH is dissolved in? Please help I'm so confused

[@chemistrytutor]

Yes, the solvent for the NaOH is one of the drivers, along with the high or warm temperature. In reality you'll get a mixture of products. Usually though, the solvent is the key indicator as to what is happening

[@thee_pauline]

Ok thank you sir

[@Masowe.]

thank you big time

[@chemistrytutor]

Enjoy, and good luck!

[@Masowe.]

@@chemistrytutor thank you a lot

[@chemistrytutor]

@@Masowe. 👍 you got this

[@Masowe.]

@@chemistrytutor thank you

[@MariamNuhu-fc9vz]

sir, in 28:30 isnt the product nitriles and amines not jot alcohols?

[@chemistrytutor]

That section highlights the differences and similarities when using NaOH. I hadn't meant to imply those were the only products

[@machacooling]

Is this for CIEs too? Or edexel? ocr..which board is it?-

[@chemistrytutor]

Hi, yes, this video will be suitable for any exam board. I teach AQA so I always make sure it covers everything needed for AQA. All exam boards are at least 95% the same though. The main differences between them is not the content they include, but rather how they structure the course, what topics are on each exam and the question style

[@chimpu-ls5fg]

my gcse chem is in 3 days and I'm bored so Im watching this lmao

[@chemistrytutor]

Good luck for Tuesday!

[@thee_pauline]

Sir at 30:02 where did the H+ come from?

[@chemistrytutor]

It comes from the concentrated sulfuric Acid

[@thee_pauline]

@@chemistrytutor ok thank you sir

[@Michael28pc]

29:23

[@chemistrytutor]

😀

[@asianboy0666]

i am cooked

[@chemistrytutor]

Hang in there!

[@lol.1296]

with that mindset you might be! dw you can definitely pull through!