Your Daily Equation #29: Repulsive Gravity, Dark Energy, and Accelerated Expansion

Episode 29 #YourDailyEquation: One of the greatest surprises in the past few decades is the discovery that the expansion of space is speeding up. Join Brian Greene for a discussion of our best explanation: gravity can be repulsive and can thus drive the distant galaxies to rush away ever more quickly.
Monday - Friday at 3pm EDT, Brian will offer brief and breezy discussions of pivotal equations. Even if your math is a bit rusty, tune in for accessible and exciting stories of nature and numbers that will allow you to see the universe in a new way.
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[@MrBitterman75]

These almost daily videos are the best thing COVID brought to the internet.

[@jlo3349]

totally agree

[@briangreene6975]

@@jlo3349 Thanks to you both.

[@modidhyanish5944]

Right buddy

[@Valdagast]

These and Sean Carroll's videos on the Great Ideas in physics. Both great series.

[@simonrigac8201]

well said

[@rickmorrisrigar]

Dr, Greene, you are a very good Educator, now I have to go lay down before my head EXPLODES !!!

[@csleuthone6385]

I'm a big fan. Thanks for your great work Brian.

[@platonicdescartes]

Take as much time as you have, Dr. Greene. It's more important to be clear than to be concise.

[@jcughan]

Wish I knew Calculus, I’d probably love this so much more. I still watch it all and love it.

[@airsearch9192]

Dear Professor Greene I have a tremendous respect for your intelligence and for your promotion of science. Even though I don’t understand the math I’ve watched your Daily Equations and from them I feel that I know something about you. For this reason I’d like to share a powerful experience I had, from January 1st - 3rd, 2005. For three years I was a student of Paramahansa Yogananda at the Ashram in Encinitas, CA. On New Year’s Eve I left a party near UCSD at 10pm, and drove to the ashram to celebrate in a more spiritual fashion. During the hour-long meditation I fell asleep, and when I woke up I was very upset that I’d come to the ashram instead of partying with my friends in La Jolla. At midnight I left with the other devotees, but walked to a dark area so I could sit on the curb and smoke a cigarette. While I was there I considered whether that spiritual path was right for me, or whether I was wasting my time. But when I awoke the next morning something had happened inside my head. I sat up and instantly felt an awe-inspiring connection to all the objects around me. Furthermore that powerful sense of connection, which you could describe as almost as tiny strings spreading out in all directions, connected me to every person, every plant, and every other physical object within several blocks of my bedroom. Furthermore I was aware of the immediate condition of every one of those objects. This amazing perception lasted for three full days, and I have never before felt such a complete sense of joy. Joy because instead of a physical separation I was immersed in an infinite, and intelligent, field of energy. An energy that my guru Paramahansa Yogananda had so often described as an “ever new joy” that is perceived “ when a person’s “third eye” has opened. Due to this experience I strongly believe that your string theory is as close as science has ever come to describing what would otherwise be called a “religious” experience. My sincere thanks, and best wishes - Robert Marcos Video producer, La Quinta, CA.

[@Dr10Jeeps]

Very interesting....as always. It will be a shame when these daily episodes come to an end.

[@Archaeometal]

Thank you again, Prof. Greene! Hello from Halifax, Nova Scotia. Would love to climb that beautiful tree in your yard. Take care.

[@robertprobel6153]

Dr. Greene....I am amazed by your vocabulary and your commitment to science. You are inspirational and I hope younger people realize your commitment to truth.

[@gedlangosz1127]

Excellent lecture. I know you've not gone into the rigours detail of the maths, but you have presented an intuitive feeling that has gone way beyond anything I've seen before. Please continue with this excellent series for as long as you can....

[@rocioaguilera3613]

Wow. You explain complex concepts in a very understanding way. Thanks

[@shubrajchuckowree5670]

Brian Green's approach is motivational and inspirational, great Prof, thank you.

[@paulc96]

And Hello again from West Wales Prof. Thanks for another great episode.

[@iancork9721]

Hello neighbour 😂😂

[@sunnicivang1093]

I have the lowest-level knowledge of calculus, and I really tried my best to stay on track with this video. I doubt I did, but I tried and I liked it.

[@onderozenc4470]

Universe is not only expanding but partially diffusing towards the voids in space-time.

[@enriqueboeneker]

Thanks for sharing all this!

[@jackkiperman6866]

One of the best explanations of the negative pressure question I have seen. Thank you!

[@danielbachour9987]

Thanks professor for all the time you have shared with us!! This series is the best! .. I had heard that gravity in some regime could be repulsive, but I didn't know why! This clarify my mind a lot!

[@lightclock9761]

Thank you very much. Your explanation is very attractive and of down-to-earth. I am a layman of science, but I am attracted by the lecture.

[@venustus100]

Thank you again Dr Greene..

[@ansumanrout7689]

First of all, thank you Prof. Greene for these videos, these wonderful insights on our best theories of physics in the face of a pandemic. They're really simplistic and wonderful. In this daily equation video, when you covered the Friedmann equations for laying out the picture of dark energy and repulsive gravity, the ground base assumption was that Lambda or the energy density remains constant, based on experimental observations of type 1A supernovae as the reference cosmic candles. But in a recent paper on Nature Astronomy titled "Cosmological Constraints from the Hubble Diagrams of Quasars at high redshifts", Risaliti and Lusso claim that the energy density may not be constant and infact maybe increasing, by taking the tracking ratio of UV/X-ray spectra in the X-Ray corona of Quasars as the cosmic candles and applying the Concordance model to the results of CMB Radiation. I would be glad to hear your opinions and views on this in one of your future episodes.

[@sara1989art]

thanks from Iran❤️🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻 I really enjoy these daily equations🌸🥂

[@Jason-gt2kx]

The universe is alive and growing stronger everyday!

[@shiitakestick]

maybe I wasn’t listening..

[@junyan9260]

I love you Greene, you are as great as feymann

[@gonzalorendon5111]

Thanks a lot !!

[@DumyMaiden]

Hello Dr. Greene! This series is very enjoyable to follow (as well as your books) and has made me get into more in-depth books on relativity. I have a topic in mind for one of your future videos: Fermat's Last Theorem. It has a very interesting backstory as well as being an equation that connects several areas of mathematics. In case you want to stray away from relativity at some point, I think it would be interesting to cover. All the best, Adrian :)

[@ryguy9664]

I love the super weird font you do with you first letter in every word being 30 sizes to large haha

[@anuragvojjala548]

i have seen multiple videos on dark matter but this video helped me a lot understanding the expanding universe

[@TheMorpheuuus]

Great episode professor, thank you 👍! Would be great if you can discuss rational behind Inflation Theory. Thank you

[@suhasdeshpande8466]

thank you professor Greene on wonderful lecture about Repulsive Gravity and getting us know the sense behind the universe acceleration of expansion. can you mention in further episodes about of having pressure to be greater than zero i mean is such a case possible in space in due course of time, i hope i'll be getting it known soon. Thank you professor.

[@hawzhinblanca]

VERY useful Thanks.

[@tomsmith4542]

nice vid Dr. Greene

[@priyanshushukla1334]

Sir your explanations are awesome..You are my ideal Physicist....thank u professor...

[@laaradee]

This mind travel is sure helpful when solo isolated, thanks!

[@banajitbarman44]

Fabulous dr. Greene

[@peterwan9076]

Prof. Greene, can you make an episode talking about where that negative pressure comes from physically? You mentioned that it has to do with the math in Einstein equation. But is there a way to see where it comes from apart from using math?

[@MrSwarupsengupta]

Great Videos ! I am a physics graduate from India ! Your videos are awesome! Great Sir! Salute from India

[@injunsun]

Questions: 1) Why is the Universe always described as being **on** a horseshoe, a plane or surface of a sphere? 2) Is there no mathematical way to describe our spacetime as being the **insides** of an expanding sphere? 3) Isn't regular gravity just spacetime pushing against matter/energy, as water does the edges of a soap bubble? If matter/energy behave as soap bubbles in a liquid medium, they would be pushed together if within a measurable distance constant, while if beyond that distance, they would instead be forced apart. We're living as bubbles, like a foam. At to what initiated the Great Expansion? Perhaps something like a Matrioshka Brain arising within the original Singularity? Given essentially infinite time, the idea of self-perpetuating harmonic waves eventually happening isn't far fetched. If such patterns emerged that self awareness happened, the Great Expansion could be the result of deciding to try something new on for size, to experience what it was like to feel as if It was uncountable numbers of separate beings. It didn't create Mathematics, nor the laws of Physics, but did decide how to put a spin on things, such that self-replicating patterns could emerge and evolve within the new system It was making of Its own substance. Just my random ramblings on Cosmology.

[@iancork9721]

Hello from Ireland 😊😊

[@celiogouvea]

I think that by compressing spacetime, it's possible to generate repulsive gravity. Therefore, if there are two contracted areas in space, they will push away from each other. Additionally, I speculate that the rotation of galaxies induces a frame-dragging effect, causing spacetime within the galaxies to contract and push away other galaxies.

[@ginocontestabile8775]

When this guy speaks my ears start to cheer

[@martijn130370]

Wonderful lesson. I would like to know what pressure would mean in astronomy, though.

[@brandonholloway69]

Replace the word pressure with the word density and see if it helps to understand better.

[@ishubist221290]

It's seems out of context but could you please enlighten us on the recent event in Antarctica where the traces of parallel universe is found.

[@aurelienyonrac]

Great video. It confirmed my thoughts. Gravity is the force of the vacuum. Thank you. Though experiment: Take a rubber membrane to simulate space time and a vacuum cleaner to simulate quantum fluctuations and at large scale, to simulate gravity. The membrane inflates into a balloon. Like a Harbottle Apparatus. From in front of the balloon a force (we call gravity) is sucking spacetime. But from the inside of the balloon, that same sucking force is inflating the balloon. For people inside the balloon, it would appear as if a dark energy is pushing the walls of the balloon. It's a question of perspective. Yes it implies that the big bang is an implosion, that it is happening now. And that gravity is the force of the vacuum From our vintage point a black hole ends in a point "V" But from that point space is infinite and so infinite pressure is divided by infinite space = weightlessness, zero gravity, like at the center of a planet 🌎 or a star 🌞 or a blackhole 📀. Question: to those in the balloon, what would it look like if 2 mouth of vacuum cleaner collided? An immense generation of matter and space, like a big bang?

[@asitdash2142]

Ahyee..😍

[@gonzalorendon5111]

Hi from COLOMBIA

[@meenakshiagarwal376]

Sir, I had a question in my mind..... On earth if we try to create vaccume then we are not able to because of gravity as it will crush that object.... But then why is it not so in space where gravity and vaccume both are present..... Sir pls do reply..

[@robbujold7711]

Cool

[@tubesfolletto]

Great video ... is it possible that repulsive gravity acts between matter and antimatter? In this case the initial matter and antimatter split following the only force existing at that moment ...

[@luda_c]

Another brilliant lecture. THANK YOU! One of many grateful viewers and admirers 🙂

[@a.ielimba78]

I think most thing's are just like convection and of dynamo effects, always a energy going one way and another the opposite way, it is usually these dynamics, that are in a system. Their is usually cycles, or intervals like alternating current, it is what holds thing's from atom's to life form's and in which planet's and sun's together, without these force's thing's tend to fall apart and loose form. It makes it a little easier but the higgs field and its theories are cool and could give reason why thing's can be charged positively in one way and negatively charged in another way. IF one force is applied a equal opposite force is applied, if the kinetic energy increases, the potential energy decreases, and if the kinetic energy decreases, the potential energy increases. This could explain why things are the way they are from atoms to suns and everything is like convection.

[@ManWhoUsesComputer]

Thank you Dr. Greene. What's the status of Daily EQN #24? I'd like to watch it again.

[@briangreene6975]

I am going to do it again---it is the one video in the series that I wasn't fully happy with. Maybe I can get to it this weekend.

[@MaheshSharma-fo9lj]

Respected sir, at 21:00, you said that negative pressure means which is sucking inward and then you gave examples of a rubber band and a balloon in which you explain how normal pressure inflates the balloon but negative pressure contracts it a bit. But sir, if the inside pressure is inflating the balloon then the outside air pressure is also contracting it( which is also a normal pressure). And let's suppose there is a ball inside a water tank and all water molecules are applying pressure on the ball from all sides and there is this inward pressure from normal matter. So, negative pressure can be applied to normal matter, how can i differentiate with repulsive gravity material? If there is any misunderstanding, please tell me. But, great lecture sir!

[@mohammedalmuiz6894]

Hey professor greene, can you make a video about infinite series 1+2+3+4+...=-1/12. A explain how such a result can be used in physics.

[@briangreene6975]

I was thinking about doing that...just wanted to find a good and accessible way of explaining it.

[@numankaraaslan]

In the earlier episodes he was more carefull with his writing like a udemy course or something. He became more natural through videos and he writes as though having thoughts on paper. And i actually find it more engaging. It's like he is sharing this information one on one. Not like a paid class to lots of people. I guess that is what makes the later episodes more intriguing for me. Thanks for all the lessons :)

[@briangreene6975]

Good to hear. Many thanks. I was not aware of a shift in my approach--interesting that you can see one.

[@tomlakosh1833]

There may be an explanation for repulsive gravity if the working fluid for space-time viscosity and gravitational propulsion is the same quantum dipole gas and the propulsive mechanism develops an increased quantum friction in lower density space. The Higgs field would have to be directly attached to the lepton or baryon and act as a sail capturing the momentum of the dipole gas in opposition to the acceleration of the gravitational propulsion system that acted similar to an ion thruster accelerating the gas as it passed through the particle. Where the strength of the ion thruster was in part dependent upon the electromagnetic contribution of the gas itself, the reduced gravity flux in barren space would diminish the response of the propulsion system relative to the Higgs field sail effect and gravity could then act as a repulsive force where that gravitational flux was weak and below the threshold of the weakened ion thruster, et voila dark energy that increasingly accelerates particles toward less dense space in ever less dense space.

[@sebastienracaniere2385]

Amazing video! I have a question: the assumption that a(t) is a quantity that makes sense is based on some splitting of space-time into a well define space and a separate time. This feels very Newtonian to me, and not very General-relativistic. How strong of an assumption is it that such a splitting exist and is meaningful?

[@terriemartinez9989]

Alrighty then.. Thanks Brian..

[@area78]

So how many 1000w hoovers do you need to suck out the smallest possible black hole? And if there already is a complete vacuum what does negative pressure act upon? Virtual particles?

[@palashpratimbhuyan5992]

i am a 12th std student but i watching ur videos on daily basis i hv learned more things from u

[@hrshah8260]

sir , is time an illusion. I guess it is it is well said by thr episode in the genius series of Albert Einstein (please do approach this in one of your q and a sessions)

[@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos]

As far as I know, time (proper time) is not an illusion in GR and in the standard model of particle physics. But the global objective partitioning of all events in time into past, present and future is an illusion. This partitioning is highly observer dependent. Furthermore there are theories (nothing falsifiable at the moment) that time is an emergent phenomenon like temperature.

[@naimulhaq9626]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos Illusion is defined as 'false belief' or deceptive appearance. Time is not a false belief. Our objective is to arrive at a rational understanding/belief. Dan Dennett is wrong when he believes consciousness is 'magic' (falsifiable). Penrose's belief about 'unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics (not falsifiable and not provable also), establishes that 'belief' is part and parcel of science. To believe that we can understand/comprehend everything, is being 'stupid'.

[@hyperduality2838]

Time is dual! The future is dual to the past. Absolute time (Galileo) is dual to relative time (Einstein). My absolute time is your relative time and your absolute time is my relative time -- Time duality! Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.

[@haimyehoshuaradin8039]

Thank you for the magnificent lectures. I was just wondering if all these calculations take into account somehow a "curvature" of TIME ? If there is such a thing. I feel we look at the colossal scale of the Universe with our small measuring sticks . Is there an answer to this ?I read that Godel once pointed out to Einstein that time may be somehow convoluted and past future and present exist simultaneously . To which Einstein remarked that he had already thought about the nature of time but it became too much of a hassle (quoted from memory from Isaacson"s book on Einstein).

[@BenjaminJosefChainZ]

Thanks for the video! I have a little question: Is there a 1:1 relation (mathematically) between the metric tensor and the Einstein tensor? In other words - The Einstein tensor is made upon multiplications of the metric components and it's derivatives, so a simple relation between the two doesn't seem to be obvious. Would it be possible for two different metrics to generate the same Einstein tensor?

[@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos]

Yes, it is possible for different metrics to have the same Einstein tensor. Not only locally but also globally for a fixed differentiable manifold (i.e. fixed topology of spacetime, fixed differentiable structure). For example K3 has infinitly many different (not isometric, not rescaled) metrics with vanishing Einstein tensor (catchphrase "Einstein manifold").

[@BenjaminJosefChainZ]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos Thanks!

[@bernardmcgarvey4169]

Are the equations for da/dt and d2a/dt2 independent of each other?

[@djdrocco]

Thank you for explaining this for free. Why is your handwriting the Disney font?

[@babyUFO.]

How are you getting pressure and expansion variables solved without even having observational data in the equation?

[@davet3500]

It will be a sad day when you have to end these lectures, Mr. Greene. If there's time, is it possible to go over the math that Peter Higgs used to postulate the existence of his namesake particle?

[@briangreene6975]

Ah...yes...I should do that. Will try to get to the Higgs field.

[@debray-kingbomatthieu5579]

It's just an affair of acceptance : Tachyon exists. They grow, being faster than light and share their force together : expansion and acceleration. Negative energy exist because it can't have 0, dot, things, neither positive energy without a lot of power behind. Unlimited energy dimension, our spacetime created our universe, but the positive energy and matter in which living in. Gravity is just a local difference of dark energy, by mass application, slowing down locally the things.

[@Valdagast]

A good scientist is always ready to change their mind when new data come in.

[@dannyb2816]

Where and how in the universe do you get this negative pressure?

[@A.K04]

How to learn differential geometry and tensors?

[@woocash2526]

Maybe at the end of the universe when positive energy will reach zero because everything will froze similarly negative energy coexisting would reach zero and froze And then when energies will reach equilibrium Somewhere in one particular spot in the universe Another Big bang will start Infinity Never ending possibilities arises

[@MrElvis1971]

Can the big bang be a local phenomena in single universe such that expansion is localised.

[@paxwallacejazz]

I've had this completely unfounded absurd notion for years ever since (the elegant universe) that because Ed Whitten via "M theory" supposes that Gravitons are not bound to our Spacetime Continuum..I thought that Blackholes especially supermassive ones might function like hyperspace pillars in a building creating a stabilizing effect regarding our Universe or Brane in the multiversal loaf and other universes. Such that so long as our universe is sufficiently youthful ie organised ie unexpanded then these plentiful blackholes sprinkled throughout the Cosmos would form a kind of failsafe against the (next bang). Repulsive Gravity in Hyperspace? I like the idea of "Welp no lingering heat death for our Universe!" Instead "breathing" Krishna playing hide and seek with himself.

[@obes8]

Quantum Bands possible for flight?

[@loren-emmerich]

mP=(hxE)I(G*xM*)

[@johnstfleur3987]

I AM A PROFFESOR IN THE FUTURE AT COLUMBIA.

[@neonblack211]

So has repulsive gravity been proven an observed and measured or is it a theory derived from GR that can help explain dark energy?

[@schlengbryzl]

Still don't understand how we know the expansion is accelerating. The galaxies that were moving faster were doing it billions of years ago. Slower moving galaxies have been moving slower more recently. That seems like the opposite of acceleration.

[@johnstfleur3987]

I AM A STUDENT OF PROFESSOR BRIANE GREENE

[@ranapratap9230]

Sir It was mount Wilson not mount palomar observatory

[@Oscar-vd4cv]

These are great but they'd get more views with better thumbnails. I ignored them for awhile because the phrase "your equation" plus a thumbnail that looks like graph paper makes it seem like we're about to get some math homework. 😅

[@ksifilms3115]

Perhaps. But Brian Greene doesn't need to maximize the number of views. That is not a goal he is either seeking nor needing. There are actually people whose purpose is not driven by inflating their own popularity.

[@minedminemind5656]

If when an explosion occurs within gravity and it slows due to the gravitational forces that it exists within. If Our Universe is not slowing, surely therefore we must suppose that Our Universe does not exist within a gravitational environment or it does exist within a Repulsive gravitational environment. Can not a curved line through space not resemble the bottom of a bottle when viewing through it? Can the distance therefore be obscured by any warp in the fabric of space that we may be viewing it through? So, can anti-gravity be based around an equation combing mass and pressure? If you can calculate a result from what is gained from equation factors, why is it impossible to work in reverse from the answer that is required for true anti-gravity, to find the factors that are required to make it happen? At the very least, you would have a list of possibilities that are required by a... craft... within the atmosphere. OR IS THIS ASKING TOO MUCH OF A YOU? - I CHALLENGE YOU. At least in this way engineers would have goals to strive towards. To create a craft with an outer shell that can meet the specifications stipulated by your calculations. Surely, there are only so many formula that apply... I often wonder whether "mass" may be reduced in some manner by synthetic forces produced within the craft. And in this way, the gravitational forces acting upon the craft, would also be reduced.

[@BenKrisfield]

If I went back in time, say 10 years, would I be in another present... I saw an article about parallel universes. Didn't understand it, but the way I see parallel universes is Anti-Time and Time ie . | is the present. perhaps the Anti-Time is being squeezed into nothing, and Time is expanding

[@ManWhoUsesComputer]

It's likely not possible to back in time.

[@harshiljain2368]

Can it be possible that when a star's core has enough energy that it smashes the particles at such energies as that before the higgs field turned ON, (then according to the same theory) the particles were massless, all 4 forces were unified and therefore the star collapses to make a black hole. Thus, light cannot escape from the black hole as the forces are combined, and light is overpowered. This also verifies that most black holes need to have a high mass, density in order to cater to the energy needs. And because the higgs field is the PROBABLE reason for asymmetry between particles and anti particles, with the higgs field off, there is perfect symmetry, the particles annihilate each other, leaving nothing detectable with the STRONG unified forces on top. And because all the mass, particles have been converted to energy, energy bends spacetime, therefore we experience a "gravitational" pull. Classical physics does not account for a unified force and thus our physics breaks down at the blackhole.

[@merlepatterson]

One would think that measuring the wavelength change of redshift over a period of decades from a single distant galaxy might reveal the ratio of acceleration at the time the photons left their emission source? Say photons in the frequency of 500.0nm changes to 500.8nm (for instance) over decades which shows an increasing wavelength Doppler shift for that spectrum. But if photons in the frequency of 1000nm increase to 1001.6nm from the same galaxy as a common factorial over the course of decades, what does this say about speed or expansion? One would think the 1000nm wavelength would increase to 1000.4nm (or something lower than 1.6nm) since the wavelength is twice that of 500.0nm? Or am I missing something obvious? Multi spectrum wavelength common factorial redshifts for spacetime expansion or wavelength common length redshifts for emission source speed?

[@merlepatterson]

To add to my question: Does the Doppler red shift from different light spectrum wavelengths increase symmetrically or asymmetrically over time from the same emission source?

[@gerryscully9248]

So when do we get the flying cars? The only question I’m intelligent enough to ask

[@nikhiltahalyani1133]

Pressure pushing down on me Pressing down on you, no man ask for Under pressure

[@hyperduality2838]

Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein Dark energy is dual to dark matter Curvature is dual, positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Repulsive gravity = negative curvature or hyperbolic geometry. "Perpendicularity in hyperbolic geometry is measured in terms of duality" -- Professor Norman Wildberger. "Reflections preserve perpendicularity (duality) in hyperbolic geometry" -- Professor Norman Wildberger. Duality is being conserved -- the 5th law of thermodynamics. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, energy is inherently immanent dual. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Waves are dual to particles = quantum duality!

[@brandonholloway69]

Gravity is caused by the high energy / density of space. Things made of matter have low energy density / pressure. The universe is expanding outward from any observation point. It’s infinite so it can always expand. The creation of new matter in the universe is what causes the expansion. The speed of the expansion doesn’t increase as things get farther away. The speed of the expansion of the universe depends on the amount of new low energy density matter created within it.Just like a bubble races up in water towards the less pressure of air. People race towards the less pressure of earth while in space. Things of matter in space could be like bubbles in water. Earth is 99.9999999999996% empty space right, so nothing but the .0000000000004% of matter of the atom takes the place of the more dense energy that fills space. Matter = Energy and Energy = Matter, matter must be the divided state of energy and energy is the compressed or combined state of matter. Whenever matter is in space then space pushes inwardly equally in all directions. That's why we have balanced from side to side because space is pushing equally inward from all sides and the force of its pressure is equal. Space is also pushing from the top of your head downward and applies more pressure because the large mass of matter of earth is blocking the higher pressure of space with the low pressure of matter causing gravity. I think space is not warped in the way they say. There is just less energy in matter, then there is in space and that means less atomic pressure. That's why all things are round not because of the surface tension effect. Surface tension is really there but caused by the pressure of space.

[@mydroid2791]

This one confused me. How can a negative pressure cause an expansion. Its counter intuitive isnt it? A ballon expands because it has positive pressure inside it. No? So why does a negative pressure in the Universe give rise to expansion (via repulsive gravity)?

[@brandonholloway69]

Replace the word pressure with density. Imagine water as space and a air bubble as earth. High density water is displaced by low density air. So…. Space is displaced by the matter created within it causing its expansion.

[@ausafahmad9384]

Please talk about predestination.... supposedly we are able to travel back in time so can we change it? Can we kill our own folks? or if we change the past, will there be an alternative world? Hope that you will make this concept clear! Thank you

[@fesimco4339]

This video blew my mind... I though all physicists had poor handwriting.

[@babylongate]

Is Bob Lazar's Repulsive Gravity Ufo Craft Story , Using Dark Energy? .

[@informationparadox387]

I think next Einsteins are sitting in the comment section!😆😂

[@inj1979]

What is Distance according to physics ? according to physicist ?

[@Godplayzdice]

Distance and time are related.

[@vaidikgheravada9471]

Hi sir.... I have many theories... Please replay😫🙏🙏

[@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos]

If you have ideas, I would suggest to make them precise (describe the idea mathematically and develop the empirical consequences).

[@vaidikgheravada9471]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos hi bro.. Who are you..

[@vaidikgheravada9471]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos ty for..

[@vaidikgheravada9471]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos Name please..

[@vaidikgheravada9471]

@@tofu-munchingCoalition.ofChaos I do.. Mathematically proof..

[@andresenpurelyraw400]

look at all them colored shapes and lines... I don't know what they mean lol Though words and pictures work for me. lol...Ok, so I have a "Theory of Everything" I can start at point pre Big Bang and bring it home! One thing it does is define gravity. Now what?

[@captainandthelady]

Then why do galaxies collide?

[@_John_Sean_Walker]

Next time you want your purple equations to level sir, ask your wife to iron your purple shirt sir.

[@briangreene6975]

If I asked my wife to iron my shirt, I wouldn't have a wife.

[@TheMorpheuuus]

@@briangreene6975 funny 😂

[@informationparadox387]

@@briangreene6975 😂😂👌