IIRC, ancient navigators used landmarks to navigate, which was a major reason that they had to stay within eyesight of the coast. As an aside, there were long trade routes already in the Bronze Age, bringing tin from Britain to be mixed with copper from the Caucus region. Given the quantities involved in trade, lots of people must have traveled 100s if not 1000s of kilometers back then.

No, the gladiator diet did not provide a lot of protein and the protein that it did provide was not nearly as bioavailable (absorbed by the human body) as animal protein but it enough to fatten up and strengthen up the gladiator that worked out as hard as the successful ones did. This protein myth is particularly held dear by modern day vegans that believe (mostly ideologically) that humans can deny their genetics and eat only plant based proteins and thrive - but human bodies are not fooled by ideology and the facts remain that a proper HUMAN diet is based highly in bioavailable animal protein and the healthy fats that it provides.

You turned left at the big tree…. Whats the problem…?

lmao 🤣 I was expecting a full anime action scene for some reason at the end of the video when you said you animated a display scene from Arian's descriptions. it's perfectly fine though

Wonderful video, thank you ! Surely though, there would have been ancient tracks from prehistory, criss crossing Europe? My understanding is that early modern humans trekked, over generations, all through Europe. They traded, raided, and mated. So the Romans, and Eutruscans and Greeks would have had some knowledge of other lands, other cultures and other geographic features. They were probably better at remembering the spoken word than we are today, as there was less writing than today.

I highly doubt they didn't have maps...I am CERTAIN they used a standard measurement. Their construction is so much more advanced than ours, that assuming they didn't have accurate measurements of their land is pathetic. I am sure they just guessed and that is how they invaded half the world. right? Just some guesswork and navigating by the stars...GTFO.

I was about to say on 14:30, wait a minute but then the CLC character was Lucius Caecilius Iucundus. Nevertheless, anyone else who took latin using Cambridge Latin Course books?

roman empire archive

@11:28 Your example of a person that did not have a map is holding a MAP!

Cato, you had better leave now or youll hit market day traffic 3 days from now

Tabula Peutingeriana (Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula,[1] Peutinger tables[2] or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the road network of the Roman Empire. Tabula Peutingeriana (section of a modern facsimile), top to bottom: Dalmatian coast, Adriatic Sea, southern Italy, Sicily, African Mediterranean coast The map is a parchment copy, dating from around 1200, of a Late Antique original.[3] It covers Europe (without the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles), North Africa, and parts of Asia, including the Middle East, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent. According to one hypothesis, the existing map is based on a document of the 4th or 5th century that contained a copy of the world map originally prepared by Agrippa during the reign of the emperor Augustus (27 BC - AD 14).

I have a sailboat and never use charts. I can see where I am and where I wish to go.

Australian aboriginals used maps for at least 40,000 years. Chances are that other cultures did too.

The ancients used landmarks (hills, forests, rivers, distant mountains, etc.). They also used their "mental" map. Imagination and experience played a big part. Standing on a high place to scout out the land was helpful too. Just like what hikers/trekkers do today.

I ask KZbin how in ancient warfare the 2 belligerent armies find each others and they meet in a given place did they agree or was it a coincidence i got no answer

Well, it's not really too insane to travel without a scale map. It would tell you general direction/ and it would usually point out something of note where you could go left/right when walked upon. You would need height to get scale on something so from any high point you could get a general understanding of what you're looking at.

re - 14:50 Love the image here!!! Is that a Censor? The one holding the Fasces?

I'd like to know: What were the equivalent of police officers, in those days? For example, if I were living in Athens, or Alexandria and I decided to murder my neighbour for shits n giggles, how would justice be done? Was it up to my neighbour's family to find out what happened and then kill me in response? Were there dedicated police investigators who would investigate such crimes? What if my neighbour's family had decided to mob me, in response to my murdering their father - If there were 12 of them, trying to break down my front door and lynch me, were there city guards who I could send for, who would race to my house to protect me from being lynched? Or would I have needed to have hired my own private group of guards to protect me from potential consequences?

Before watching the vid: waypoint connectivity or waypoint lists, and between waypoints, advice of locals on how to reach the next waypoint. If there is a major road between important wapoints, it would also be marked with signs wouldn't it. I would expect maps to be approximately cost scaled, so how much time a particular route takes. Some roads will be lower quality and slower, some will have a lot of elevation changes or occasional obstacles and hazards, these types of things. This can produce maps that are unrecognisable when you're used to bird's eye view maps, but perfect to plan travels with. Except sea and flight. Mhm i wasn't too far off was i.

Excellent video! Very informative.

they picked a direction and hoped they got lucky

Great video. Thanks!

Make video Nanda Empire Sorry my English Bad

Never thought of this before, thanks for the cool video!

It was very simple, rds were few and far between. U just asked the inn keeper which way , every morning.

Go to the big tree... Walk to the sea. Then wait for help. Ask strangers.

What makes you think they had no maps? The Phoenicians invented Alphabet as well as navigation in the Bronze Age. So they could definitely chart their travels and trade.

all armies had their followers. everyone from their moms to merchants with rolling brothels and just plain hangers on. battle fields got picked clean..

Thank you so much for posting this! I suspect that land cartography couldn't be realized in scale until the late 1700s, because until that point, there was no concensus on the actual distance of a mile or the span of a minute. Any information about distance had to be relative to one's way of going: on foot, by horseback or mule or donkey, by wagon, by military march. The miles were approximated, but even the walk of different people might give them differing rates. I adore this stuff, this sort of minutiae. You have a lovely site, sir!

So they didnt have maps, but they did have MapQuest

A good and well organised fake retreat to trap the ennemy's front line is like crack to me

This is fascinating, I think about this on a regular basis

We guys cant get out of the accusations cant we?

I wonder if child rape is going to be a part of this presentation?

No

What the hell kind of garbage are you presenting, of course there were maps, true not everyone had one but a quick search will show maps ancient and accurate of land and stars

I read once that Hannibal used scale maps which explains why he was so successful in surprising the Romans.

Free Palestine 🇵🇸

The reason they didn't have scaled maps was not because it was less practical, but because a massive amount of maths is required to accurately map large areas

Simply by knowing place names in sequence

I think one factor here is just how difficult it would actually be to draw even semi-accurate maps from scratch at that kind of scale. Even in the 19th century it took decades to map out one country in any kind of detail (you can sometimes see locations on the same atlas depicted from different decades) and that was with centuries worth of prior knowledge of geographic features and older maps to use as reference, and with at least some access to flight (via balloons) It would just be so much work for so little pay off (considering everybody else was in the same position anyway, it's not like it was necessary for a competitive advantage) Although that would be less of a problem with smaller scale maps. But then again, the smaller the scale the less you really need the map in the first place

They used gps duuuhh🙄🙄

beautiful and interesting topic. well done

The church mosaic map is at St. George's Greek Orthodox church in Madaba, Jordan. It's pretty cool and I recommend visiting

There is a hiking trail in Scotland called the West Highland Way. It's an old route that was used by highlanders to move their cattle to the lowlands to sell in the city markets. The reason I bring it up is because you don't really need a map to travel the 100 miles through the mountains from Glasgow to Fort William (or vice versa). All you do is get on the trail, walk for a day (roughly about 10 - 15 miles), and a village magically appears with facilities for washing, sleeping, eating. Next morning, walk for a day and another village magically appears. And so on. These settlements existed a days walk between one another to service the old cattle drovers who almost certainly didn't have maps either. I'm sure Roman travel was pretty much similar. Stay on the road, walk for a day and you'll end up somewhere to rest and then move on to the next stop until you get to where you wanted to go.

Tabula Peutingeriana some say it's from Augustus time.

In prehistoric times the stars in the sky provided their land map and calendar too so journeys could be timed and distanced!.

at 09:27, wouldn't the indirect route be faster because of the mountains? Even today, Google Maps suggests a route from Parma to Rome that goes via Cesena, and it doesn't suggest the "direct" route via Pisa.

In "Songlines" Bruce Chatwin describes how aboriginals described the appearance of the landscape in songs passed on for generations, so descendants would be able to travel across the continent merely by following the songlines. Maps without a physical representation.

Not me just now realizing a milestone was a literal stone every mile.