10 F1 technical innovations that failed

Brought to you by Aramco: bit.ly/3MYX1mX
Formula 1 has always been about technical innovation. But while the landmark technological leaps are celebrated, the new ideas that failed tend to be forgotten.
Yet there are countless examples of concepts that were theoretically great on paper, but that didn’t translate to performance on the track and were quietly abandoned.
In this video, we’ll celebrate 10 examples of innovations that should have worked, but for various reasons - be it the technology not being advanced enough to exploit a fundamentally good idea, the concept being fundamentally flawed or the team simply not being able to make it work - failed.
#F1 #Formula1 #F1tech
00:00 Intro
00:43 Number 10
01:54 Number 9
03:05 Number 8
04:11 Number 7
05:16 Number 6
06:59 Number 5
08:01 Number 4
09:17 Number 3
10:16 Number 2
11:09 Number 1
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[@WeAreTheRace]

Brought to you by Aramco: bit.ly/3MYX1mX

[@purwantiallan5089]

@@oaz8 more like haramco for me.

[@namename3130]

We dont like aramco

[@roberthak3695]

@@namename3130 Yes u do. Your lifestyle is supported and enabled precisely by them and that type of business. Green energy, emancipation, whatever fake progressive belief u hold is just that, a fake delusional belief.

[@BootyT69]

F*** Aramco

[@alxpluto]

Sportswashing

[@mikklustmets4239]

Aramco innovations that failed… 1) Human rights

[@John_Ass]

No one care ffs, tell me do you care what is happening to rohingya people right now that are literally being massacre by the Myanmar government?

[@purwantiallan5089]

2) Technical Sponsor Deals.

[@sbatty65227]

Yet you'll watch Grand Prix's in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Azerbaijan, China (if it ever gets back on the calendar).

[@bennynagon9322]

Check out how Shell destroyed Nigeria, check out how Britain oil company and French petroleum company has Fed up africa. Check out how preem is robbing Sweden’s population. Well let’s go electric then... 70% of all wind turbines are from China so that route does not work either. Check out how Nike, HM, Zara is treating their employees in India and Pakistan. Not much human rights there either. Every single big global company has blood on their hands. It definitely doesn’t justify what Saudi Arabia are doing in Yemen but when the replacement are just the same what can you really do

[@roberthak3695]

@@sbatty65227 He also powers his iphone and car with energy coming from oil. All the plastic he uses is from oil. The food he eats effortlessly?... yes, all steps powered by oil. These delusional lil shits... lmao

[@Visual_Ghoul]

Aramco: Powered by blood

[@purwantiallan5089]

Or powered by Death and Hunger.

[@bennynagon9322]

That is all oil company

[@redbullsauberpetronas]

Yet you're fine with America 🤔

[@mazdaroadster-mx5]

@@redbullsauberpetronas America isn't currently snuffing out journalists and silencing opposition

[@redbullsauberpetronas]

@@mazdaroadster-mx5 you sure about that?

[@_bstr_ct1832]

Sponsored by Aramco, accessory to a human rights crisis!

[@razrr8484]

Confused by this… what have I missed?

[@gitlyndon]

🥱

[@Deovantay]

@@razrr8484 Aramco is a Saudi Oil company notorious for abusing migrant workers like Qatar and the World Cup constructions.

[@avo616]

Ah well

[@theracingban]

Brain washed npc

[@piers780]

This guy must have signed a long contract with aramco. The backlash to their sponsorship is overwhelming

[@ilovelimpfries]

Who cares, they're paying their salary. It's not like youre paying for the race members club subscriptions.

[@theracingban]

@@ilovelimpfries most of these ppl are Brain washed by western media

[@John_Ass]

Oh stop it, let be honest here, you don't care, what about rohingya people or Palestinian people who being murdered like livestock? No one care

[@purwantiallan5089]

@@ilovelimpfries B007, Aramco for me is like Haramco.

[@Teunslang1999]

@@ilovelimpfries with an audience like they have, they can easily convince anyone to sponsor them. Its absolutely disgusting that they still take their arab oil money

[@jackalchat]

The aramco ads are so inspiring - I’m nearly losing my head with excitement

[@purwantiallan5089]

Inspiring? Nah. Not even close.

[@roberthak3695]

your face is dripping soy bro... wash it and stop consuming cnn soynews

[@kazabill5247]

@@purwantiallan5089 You missed the joke

[@redbullsauberpetronas]

Don't be a homosexual

[@soundscape26]

Ed did his best. If this doesn't make you go and check Aramco's amazing innovations after you watch this video, then nothing will. 😄

[@Gothstana]

Aramco: powered by How did you think this was a good sponsorship to take?

[@bradweinberger6907]

Aramco sponsors a lot of F1 teams/events. F1 doesn't care about people, only money. Hence racing in Saudi Arabia

[@Gothstana]

@MomPickMeUpImScared-st4wi Sorry for not complaining on every video on a channel I don't follow?

[@genericsocks7542]

Because he’s getting paid a lot and ain’t none of you are really going to unsubscribe, just whine about it in the comments. So it’s literally a win win.

[@Sleatz_]

Would've loved to have seen every stage that Aramco ad script went through and the idiots that went "yeah... this is a good idea". Brand Awareness through the roof. Sentiment through the floor..

[@soundscape26]

Yes, a bit sad to hear Ed pitching for Aramco with such fake enthusiasm halfway through the video. _sigh_

[@gabrieldias3479]

The Race is one of my favorites F1 KZbin channels and I understand that you have bills to pay and, I hope, Aramco is paying you really well. However, THREE inserts in a 12 minute video is a bit too much, isn't it?

[@gitlyndon]

No matter how many times I see the old 6 wheel Tyrrell, I still can’t believe it happened. F1’s technical regulations have tightened up somewhat in recent decades 😅

[@harry4454]

Yeah just a tiny bit more strict nowadays 😂

[@purwantiallan5089]

@@harry4454 2026 might be far more strictful indeed.

[@soundscape26]

I'd say we should let teams decide on how many wheels they want to fit in their car. 😄

[@smaffoo]

blink twice if aramco are holding you captive

[@_stitch]

I understand why you guys have sponsored clips in these videos, even if they are irritating, but that +3dB jump every time the Aramco clips start is absolutely unforgivable. Sort your mixing out.

[@LordandGodofYouTube]

Perhaps you could do a video on innovations that were banned before they even made it to a race. The rotary valve engine that McLaren wanted to run springs to mind.

[@purwantiallan5089]

The McLaren has something need to desire for it.

[@pedroneves4465]

Or the infamous double-chassis Lotus 88 (that some said wasn't as good as it was supposed to be).

[@briannam1082]

Williams cvt is a good one

[@fix0the0spade]

The 6 wheel, 4 wheel drive ground effect Williams FW07C/FW08D spring to mind. The FW08D was alleged to be a complete rocketship even with the DFV8 in it instead of a turbo engine.

[@cameraboxer]

or odd manufacturer f1 engines? Subaru flat 12 comes to mind

[@therrydicule]

Can we get more Aramco ad? Like you miss a spot to say that it was brought by aramco at 1:00, 1:15, 1:30, 1:33...

[@nafizjubaer1717]

I literally come to the comments to see the Aramco roasts

[@craigcharlesworth1538]

Although McLaren's idea of an engine cover mounded wing didn't take off in the mid 90s, it's worth pointing out that it did get its moment in 2017 when EVERY SINGLE team on the grid ran one for a single year before the banning of shark fins meant they all got rid of them again.

[@christopheroconnor4665]

Good ol t Wings

[@Root3264]

10 controversial F1 sponsors, powered by Aramco

[@billy3k717]

Surely The Race as a 931k subscriber channel could've taken other sponsorships than Aramco...

[@purwantiallan5089]

Yep. I belive Nijigasaki High School Idol Club is the perfect sponsorship. Not ARAMCO.

[@roberthak3695]

Why? I personally like their colors. Mogs the rainbow degeneracy colors... lmao

[@danverss6176]

Nordvpn is a much better sponsor lol

[@katkatkatomg]

@@roberthak3695 cry

[@SimRacingVeteran]

Aramco pays the dollars.

[@itstimeforham]

The Aramco stuff is why I cancelled my paid membership. Clearly far more money from these guys than you could possibly need from subs.

[@unthenner5519]

More fool you for paying! Lesson learned.

[@gaborvarga6567]

They have been sponsored by aramco from the beginning of the 2022 season , i dont understand why people talk about aramco now

[@redbullsauberpetronas]

Cause people are degenerates

[@zero_burrito]

Aramco - Powered by How (and multiple human rights violations)

[@purwantiallan5089]

Or powered by Death and Desire?

[@trapeziumm]

Human rights violations are happen around the world, even in the Western countries. Better next time.

[@BOABModels]

Ken Tyrrell had hoped that another team would adopt the 4 smaller front wheels which would cause Goodyear to keep developing the tyres but it didn't happen. Still one of my favourite cars.

[@jamdc2000]

Im still waiting for top 10 best lubricants in f1 brought to you by aramco

[@purwantiallan5089]

Should've been Nijigasaki High School Idol Club the main sponsorship for The Race. Not Aramco.

[@soundscape26]

Don't give them ideas...

[@bodybuilderatwork]

1-10. The blood of your people 🤔

[@thandontantiso3744]

I cringe with every Aramco add. But hay, money is money

[@roberthak3695]

ur delusional

[@trapeziumm]

Who cares

[@procatprocat9647]

​@@trapeziumm a huge number of people care, just look at this comments section and you have the answer to your ignorant little question.

[@myusernamegottaken9512]

You guys have got to drop aramco… this is getting embarrassing.

[@unthenner5519]

Rage-baits get the clicks and 'engagement' 😂. Shameless, absolutely shameless.

[@idexpro8263]

You should do reg changes that failed to deliver on their promises. Such as 2009 and 2019 regs that promised closer racing, but it made it worse instead.

[@SmashGhost]

Alpine's centerline cooling concept. McLaren's butterfly suspension. The trumpet exhaust. The twin tusk Renault. Many examples for a follow-on video!

[@sherman128]

Thank you so much for this one! These are my absolute favorite videos and I really thought this area had been mined for content and I wouldn't see any more videos like this with innovations I'd never seen before. If you have any more I'd love to see it!

[@ashiwashi]

please stop the aramco deal

[@trapeziumm]

Who cares

[@maverickstclare3756]

As other have said, now we have the cost cap some of the technical rules should be dropped - especially those which were introduced on a "now everyone will have to spend to implement this" basis

I think we'll be seeing the "no pods" W13 in a video like this in a couple of years.

[@purwantiallan5089]

No pods could be all that cool.

[@willgaines5269]

Perhaps you could do a video informing your viewers of Aramco's human rights violations and environmental disasters.

[@bimapriambada1098]

Yeah just like British Government tried to save Afghan and Iraqi by Killing them from Osama bin Laden and Sadham Hussein and then took their natural Resources.

[@redbullsauberpetronas]

Human rights aren't real lol

[@andreaferrari26]

Top 10 ways aramco improved our planet Thanks for watching

[@trapeziumm]

Human right violations are happen around the world everyday even in the Western countries. Better next time bro..

[@willgaines5269]

@Thomas yep!

[@Snufflegrunt]

You can't be balanced with the same sponsor as the title sponsor for Aston

[@imalexrocha]

What if f1 teams were allowed to do whatever engine spec they wanted, suspension they wanted, chassis they wanted and all kinds of other things but keeping the engine cap? You reckon there would be much difference between teams?

[@gerogyzurkov2259]

Probably would become simliar in max 3yrs. The major cap would be how much money thrown on to to get such concepts working.

[@Tyler_Evans0411]

Fun fact. George Russell is the only driver in the. 21st century to win a race without sidepods

[@fam.hunger5244]

The W13 did not have "no sidepods". To say that is just wrong. There still is a cooling inlet and after the cooling inlet there still is a small, very short sidepod. So its not like there really is no sidepods. This statement has also been refuted several times with photos from above and the side.

[@Tyler_Evans0411]

@@fam.hunger5244 bro the fact that you felt the need to say this 😂. I’m pretty sure everyone knows there’s a sidepod. It’s very small and if there wasn’t one there wouldn’t be an inlet for the radiator.

[@NotOnHerb]

Fun fact. Your mum sleeps with other men

[@nehylen5738]

I'd completely forgotten the central wing had been used in 1996, and by Jordan too, on top of it! So thanks for reminding me. The MP4/10 was such an ugly-looking car, in-between series of beautiful ones (I just love the MP4/7 to 9 and the MP4/13 to 17 series), between the wing and that swollen nose cone.

[@purwantiallan5089]

The nosecone on MP4/10 still better than MP4/25.

[@TheNecromancer6666]

Small correction: the "Standard" V angle for a high revving V10, that gives the best vibrations characteristics, is the 72 or 75° V Angle. 90° V angles in V10s have balancing issues, but have a lower center of gravity and they allow for a better airbox and trumpet design in the wider V, potentially delivering more power IF the power gain isn't eaten up by vibrations.

[@TheMrFishnDucks]

Nice video. Keep up the good work.

[@pierre-richard6779]

Nice video ! thank you

[@roberthak3695]

Off season man. The Race has been putting out videos daily. Guess the average viewership of the videos has decreased so in order to keep the revenue going they need to put out more stuff... Eh the world we live in...

[@zepeisenga9494]

Aramco has been sponsoring the race for like a year now

[@marcelloceresini1810]

Aramco, such a great sponsor! Hopefully you change it fast

[@MrScoot27]

* Literally any innovation is tested * FIA: What a nice improvement you have there, it would be a shame if someone banned it.

[@hambone7777777]

That's good info, thx...The 2012 Lotus car is quite different from today's cars, or the 2026 specs. It didn't have ground effects or the same wheelbase, weight, tires, aero advancements, balance, engine, etc. Apples to olives, really. So progress, even with ground effects, is possible.

[@dand1585]

F1 should bring back exhaust blown diffusers or another way to make the exhaust useful to performance. It sounds crazy and might allow for more consistent/better floor performance which could lead to even further reduced reliance on overbody airflow for downforce, reducing drag and increasing efficiency

[@SmashGhost]

Floor performance is consistent. Overbody aero is now secondary. EBDs will only add complexity - and additional variables require additional tuning time / create opportunity to get things wrong

[@bocahdongo7769]

It's pointless with how the downforce setup use. The underfloor is already as efficient as ever, even too powerful. Shoving extra air only just choke the whole thing You can't just shove whatever cool bullshitery and expect it adds up like in the game stat

[@dand1585]

@@SmashGhost right - I say reduce overbody aero more, reduce drag and use EBD for the show. More complexity/more things to go wrong is a positive in my view; super consistent performance and reliability is a big contributor to dull race weekends.

[@dand1585]

@@bocahdongo7769 i don’t know what you mean by bullshittery to add up to game stat. I don’t play video games. I also don’t know what you mean by “too powerful.” Teams use so many drag-inducing devices to seal the diffuser from the rear tire wake when exhaust gas can be used to accomplish the same thing without the same drag penalty.

[@bocahdongo7769]

@@dand1585 You assume that those exhaust won't make dirty air anyway. And remember dirty air is just F1 term for wake drag. It's same thing, just different perspective

[@ankhayratv]

I get the feeling this video may have been sponsored. Don't know why I get that feeling.

[@gannagandbarrab]

Shoutout to the graph on testing miles in 2011s pre-season, where HRT just didn't bother

[@cjflash99]

1:55 Engine cover wings made a return for the 2017 style regulations, mainly to direct the airflow to energise the rear wing.

[@tonisiret5557]

Great video! Some of these I didn't even know about. Not sure which side of the fence I sit on the FIA banning everything 🤔

[@David..]

Remember that automatic wing changer thing that Toyota had? It was like a wheeled jig that would slot in the front wing perfectly when the car was in the air. I remember seeing it once then it disappeared.

[@bananna4486]

everytime a team come up with a good idea that works fia ban it

[@Appletank8]

I think F1 is just too fast for its own good. When a single mistake could send you hurtling towards a wall at 180mph, the FIA is understandably cautious about anything that might result in extremely high cornering speeds. If the cars only had a top speed of 100 mph, then they could theoretically use all kinds of bullshit because the worst crash would still be like 3x less energy. I’ve seen people attach giant wings directly to the rear axle on a very budget race car, and nobody cared because it wasn’t like it could go over 110 mph without at very long straight away.

[@ManWithBeard1990]

Something I thought was pretty interesting at the time was the weirdly shaped rear wishbones McLaren ran at the beginning of the new turbo era. I believe the reasoning was that since the vertical cross-section was symmetrical it technically didn't count as a downforce producing device, but because there's two of them they interact with each other in such a way that it works like a beam wing. Should also have helped the diffuser. It wasn't really efficient enough though and the Honda engine wasn't powerful enough at the time to make it work.

[@gvnthomas]

Not sure I'd say some of those things were a failure given that F1 felt the need to ban some of them

[@purwantiallan5089]

Yep. Ban also minor high tech advancements.

[@hondatech5000]

Excellent work

[@Our_Sole_Pusch]

Just to clarify (as this is a technical discussion), the March 6 wheeled car was actually banned after they made it. They found that they couldn't find a material strong enough to make the prop shaft out of. They kept failing due to the torque stresses, so March reverted to the standard 4 wheeled version before the 6 wheeler was banned.

[@austinpaz2174]

How did pit stops look with those 6 wheel cars? 🤔

[@riggerthegeek]

In the early 2000s, I remember every publication talking of the twin keel suspension and this video made me realise I've not heard of it for years. Is it still a thing or has it been superseded?

[@fam.hunger5244]

The twim keel suspension gave an aerodynamical advantage but also a big structural disadvantage. It was not stiff enough and a lot of aditional mass was needed to stiffen it. This means a lot of additional weight where you don't want because more additional weight so far forward means disadvantage in terms of vehicle dynamics(more understeer, more lateral weight transfer and higher tyre wear). So basically the disadvantages outweight the benefits. In 2005 the zero keel was invented(what teams use untill today). The zero keel was as stiff as the single keel(what teams used before/instead of the twin keel)but had the aero benefits of the twin keel. Thats why the twin keel failed and was never seen again after the zero keel was invented. I hope that answears your question.

[@riggerthegeek]

@@fam.hunger5244 perfect, thank you.

[@mauritzjohnson9541]

I love your videos. This channel is my go to for formula 1 info. My wife likes it because she says your voice is easy on the ears and nice to fall asleep to.

[@GOICOBA]

Spent half a day looking for this video to show it to my boss and prove that he is wrong about something, only to discover that he never cared about the project anyway and wanted it to fail from the beginning.

[@perfektmattzz1999]

that was the weirdest midroll ad I've ever seen

[@purwantiallan5089]

Yep. But cool all the same, Matt.

[@soundscape26]

Yes, a bit forced but hey...

[@lol__VEVO]

Haramco 😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡

[@Dogman36]

sponsored by a missle target

[@whassupg89]

McLaren should release the images of what that exhaust looked like!

[@purwantiallan5089]

The McLaren exhaust looked like the one from STP Taisan Viper.

[@reireiismeme]

Thinking that anyone would go take a look at Aramco knowing anything about aston martin is hilarious

[@mignik01]

Those 2014 McLaren rear suspension winglets that were supposed to open under load. I think everybody forgot about that.

[@salkdhfpoahergpoahre1534]

The MP4/10 was the first car I remember being obsessed with. The car was terrible, but I thought it was so cool looking

[@Mrneko8]

a x-wing, not only the characteristic star wars like figure but also worked functionally suprised me.

[@JTeam45]

Not gonna lie, if I was in charge of F1 I'd un-ban 6-wheelers, 4WD, Blown/octopus diffusers, F-ducts, and Walrus noses. Who knows what teams would come up with nowadays, and there's no point in keeping 6-wheelers banned no one's gonna do it.

[@unthenner5519]

Aramco pays the bills that fill Edd's greedy gluttonous belly!!

[@PanzerFalcon2232]

The Lotus passive rear wing stalling was quite ingenious for its time, just a shame it didnt work

[@amishD69]

why everybody is complaining about the sponsorship

[@TheNecromancer6666]

V10s optimal harmonic bank angles are eityer 75° and 72°. 90° is not optimal but workable and offers better intake performance and lower center of gravity.

[@Batters56]

I thought the fronts just free wheeled independently!

[@7g6_66]

Was hoping I’d see something about the Williams f1 cvt car

[@AndyHack10]

5:05 Renault never ran a 72° V10 before 2004, instead they ran 67° units from 1989 to 1996 and a 71° engine in 1997, later called Mecachrome, Supertec or Playlife.

[@ChrisBl33p.]

Went from being NISMO TV to covering F1 and F1 related topics. Much wider scope.

[@purwantiallan5089]

Thats an interesting tactic.

[@wetwert4320]

nice vid

[@ashwinihegde5993]

What about the legendary sidepod designs of the Mercedes W13

[@_mevt.33]

newey looking at how his exhaust was copied for the first race of the season

[@greigsanderson]

Ed Straw is quite thin.

[@YamatoCharm]

Me: *breathes* FIA: lol no. Banhammer for you

[@darthconquerus]

Why were 4 wheel drives banned if they were all shit?

[@jackytwix]

Surely the Ferrari @ double floor' concept from 1993 should of been in there.

[@Mazoox500]

Aramco, Powered by how? Answer: Oil

[@fuzzy-daddy83]

Erm regarding the mid-wing on the McLaren in 1995, did 2017 not happen?

[@namename3130]

If you are from the far future then I am pleased to say this video is a fantastic case study into our times. Here we have the saudi-arabian state oil company paying british formula one youtube journalists to repeat a completely meaningless script (wtf does 'powered by how' mean) supposedly in order to advertise despite the following reasons why that is a waste of money for them: 1) there is no place remotely near me where i, the consumer see their product to buy 2) everyone dislikes them for their inherant connection to a in authoritarian and inhumane government 3)every comment section makes them aware of point 2.

[@soundscape26]

Imagine if teams nowadays could have the freedom to pick how many wheels they wanted their cars to have... 😄 Ligier's 1976 car (aka the teapot) should've been featured.

[@joineralbert2493]

The yellow teapot was the Renault rs1

[@brandonm8901]

I thought the Aramco sponsorship was a joke 💀

[@413TomaccoRoad]

Renault should have made it a boxer flat 10.

[@into_the_void]

The walrus nose , the cobra fangs .. Whatever you call it.... I thought it looked kinda cool

[@soundscape26]

Oh yes, that Williams looked great. Also they should return to those kinds of colour schemes instead of the bland liveries they have been using lately.

[@nigellanjuat3294]

True 💯

[@queefqueefington]

Can someone explain what is the deal with that Aramco sponsorship and people showing their displeasure with that in the comments here? Im completely out of the loop on this one

[@kiwik5452]

“ARAMCO: POWERED BY HOW …… anyway so yeh, number 5”

[@periklaskyriakidis6064]

Anybody know why McLaren had that sidepod design in 2011??? It's so weird... Does it have to do with the exhaust???

[@Skreezilla]

I hate how restrictive F1 is now days - now with a cost cap allow more options for people to go down... sure no one would because of cost but it may allow one weird car every now and then

[@mintgoldheart6126]

Cost isn't the biggest restriction at the moment.

[@chinmaysardesai623]

Aramco or (H)Aram Co?

[@learningtoride1714]

A pity the Ferrari dual floor car didn't feature.

[@emteehed]

your FTT didn't fail man.... Honda Preluude Type SH with its Active Torque Transfer System being a front wheel drive system. Of course the car doesn't exist anymore, but the Technology is still around now in the Acura MDX 'SH' version. I personally dont consider that a failure if it's been put into Production vehicles which people are buying.

[@fam.hunger5244]

There will always be something where a technology can be used elsewhere. But this is about F1 and whether a technology failed in F1. And not whether it works somewhere else. And FTT failed in 1999 and was banned in 2004 after BAR used a more advanced system.

[@emteehed]

@@fam.hunger5244 then you dont understand F1 if you think you can look solely at F1 and not the rest of the automotive world at the same time...

[@emteehed]

@@fam.hunger5244 you're trying to pigeon hole an entity that's tied to a much larger entity and you can't even recognize.

[@emteehed]

@@fam.hunger5244 you can say the same thing about 'active suspension and f1' but the thing is... it's also in consumer vehicles as well... AND then you're gonna find a pattern. technologies used or once used in F1 found in other parts of the world. which then comes back to you not understanding F1

[@emteehed]

@@fam.hunger5244 i dont know what F1 is to you... but ive come across several research papers born because F1 exists... PhD candidates gathering their research for their PhD. Engineers getting their doctorates. this is in multiple industries not just automotive. you think whatever it is you want to think about 'F1 technologies' i just find your opinion extremely short sited and blind.

[@laszlokaestner5766]

No Brabham BT46, the infamous fan car?

[@RomainFleuryWhatever]

Does the mercedes "no side pods" enter in this category of good idea bad idea ?

[@Masterfinli]

Aramco: Powered by BLOOD