2-Minute Neuroscience: PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a disorder that develops after someone experiences a traumatic event; it involves a variety of intrusive symptoms related to the trauma. In this video, I discuss hypotheses about what might be going on in the brain to cause PTSD.
TRANSCRIPT:
Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a condition that develops after someone experiences a traumatic event. It involves the occurrence of intrusive symptoms like nightmares or distressing memories that are linked to the trauma and may cause the person to feel like they are reliving aspects of the traumatic event. These symptoms also lead to the avoidance of things that remind a person of the trauma. PTSD may cause various other issues such as difficulty sleeping, negative emotions like fear, guilt, or sadness, trouble concentrating, and irritability.
Although the neurocircuitry underlying PTSD is still not completely clear, one supported hypothesis suggests that PTSD involves decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and increased activity in subnuclei of the amygdala that are involved in the identification of threats. According to this hypothesis, the medial prefrontal cortex normally acts to regulate amygdala function, inhibiting it when there is not an immediate threat to devote attention to. In an individual with PTSD, however, the amygdala might be hyperactive and provoke a fearful reaction in response to trauma-related stimuli. The medial prefrontal cortex fails to inhibit this unnecessary amygdala activation, causing patients to experience responses that are disproportionate to the threat that trauma-related stimuli currently pose.
Some patients with PTSD, however, also experience the suppression of emotions, which causes symptoms like social detachment and emotional numbness. This might be caused by an opposing mechanism where increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex dampens activity in regions such as the amygdala and other areas involved in emotional expression. Thus, the neuroscience of the disorder is complex and the neurocircuitry involved likely depends on the symptoms a particular patient displays. Additionally, more recent research has suggested a role for other networks that span larger areas of the brain in bringing about the symptoms of PTSD.
REFERENCES:
Etkin A, Wager TD. Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;164(10):1476-88. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504. PMID: 17898336; PMCID: PMC3318959.
Rauch SL, Shin LM, Whalen PJ, Pitman RK. Neuroimaging and the Neuroanatomy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. CNS Spectrums. 1998 July/August;3(7):31-41.
Yehuda R, Hoge CW, McFarlane AC, Vermetten E, Lanius RA, Nievergelt CM, Hobfoll SE, Koenen KC, Neylan TC, Hyman SE. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 8;1:15057. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.57. PMID: 27189040.

[@jimmiejackson8489]

No matter what YOU CAN overcome PTSD It isn’t a shameful to have it but it is a mark of courage to ATTEMPT to CONQUER it !!!! You got this go get ‘em good luck 🔥❤️

[@CatherineLittlepage]

Idk about that

[@jimmiejackson8489]

@@CatherineLittlepage That’s you then …

[@lorraine70]

Yes, trauma changes the brain but so does healing

[@chelisue]

I’m working on it and it might not completely heal, but actual self care (not intentional dissociation) is a wonderful and fulfilling vocation

[@G.L.999]

Wise words of wisdom!

[@lorraine70]

Yes, trauma changes the brain but so does healing 💯

[@mj68874]

Yes. But by definition, the word "healing" is changing. it's meaningless without a method. For example. A man had a car accident, and the trauma of the impact changed his brain, and he is now a vegetable. However, healing can also change his brain. My comment was supposed to be pedantic about the wording rather than pessimistic about PTSD healing. There is definitely therapy and medication for PTSD that has had significant results in patients. As a scientist I just wanted to point out the flaw in the statement.

[@Aasha383]

Its harder with cptsd but i have been sober now and healing

[@Aasha383]

But it hurts a lot my brain my body

[@teryv1259]

​@@Aasha383Stay strong. Im almost 2 weekes sober trying to implement healing for my cptsd and derealization. It's hard, but I'm noticing little improvements though its really a rollercoaster

[@stopworrying8850]

I have to also add that hippocampus also plays a major role, because the high level of stress decrease the activity of hippocampus and this stops communication between mediale prefrontal cortex. All these leads to a high level fear and stress in Amygdala, which leads to PTSD. In short it is a disconnection between Amygdala, Hippocampus and PFC.

[@wdln7]

as someone that was diagnosed with PTSD, this was very informative thank you :)

[@tomtactom]

Well explained in 2 minutes. However, PTSD is much more complex than presented. There are different subvariants, e.g. with or without dissociation, in which the neurology is different. Also interesting is the effect of oxidative stress and hormone regulation (e.g. subtypes with too much and too little cortisol or the influence of too little serotonin). I would be happy if you publish more videos on PTSD.

[@NazriB]

Lies again? PHD STOP DISEASES

[@LyricsxxVideos]

Do you have any articles you could link?

[@tomtactom]

@@LyricsxxVideos Only a book in german language. But there are many articles linked. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35068-9

[@HailLucius]

@@NazriB what?

[@CWunderA]

Anything youd recommend reading or references on the subject?

[@laughingmarbles]

I’m always amazed at how much you are able to say in two minutes. Another great video.

[@lupe9249]

👆•👆•👆look up that handle, he ships worldwide , and he got >>shrooms, Dmt, lsd, mmda, kat ,psilocybin, Xanax,chocolate bars, he's got a lot..:🍄 💊🍄🍫🔌:::::::;;;;;; ::::

[@jessicarainey462]

This is fr one of my favorite channels, I started watching it in my first semester of college to help with classes but now I watch it just for fun :,)

[@FizzicalOreo]

Succinct, accurate, and well-explained - thank you! I'm certainly going to check out your other content now.

[@R.96108]

Please more videos on PTSD. Your videos are so informative and concise. Thank you🌻

[@ryana.4368]

Please never stop making videos!! I've learned so much from this channel it's not even funny. Neuroscience forever 🧠

[@lupe9249]

👆•👆•👆look up that handle, he ships worldwide , and he got >>shrooms, Dmt, lsd, mmda, kat ,psilocybin, Xanax,chocolate bars, he's got a lot..:🍄 💊🍄🍫🔌:::::::;;;;;; ::::

[@HandsomeBoyGarion]

Yes

[@aamirrazak3467]

Thank you for continuing to provide such high quality informative and educational content! It’s tragic that PTSD can so drastically affect the brain and it’s connections

[@Revolutionaryera.]

It's very deep study and see magic how can we control neurons link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eH67mWmwiceYgbMsi=7oESoI6Adlj1912y

[@user-ud4zn2pw9g]

I learned a lot about post-traumatic stress disorder. Thanks!

[@JCA51698]

Social detachment and emotional numbness. This would probably explain why the majority of women I’ve dated in my lifetime always said “ I don’t feel a connection with you.” and I would have no clue what they were talking about.

[@Edwardelvin209]

I was able to acquire mushrooms,dmt,lsd,edible etc

[@Edwardelvin209]

Dude is on Instagram

[@Edwardelvin209]

@tripdacy

[@topalaluiza9647]

Thank you so much 🙏🙏🙏

[@wolfe376]

Interesting and informative.

[@RosyRosieRose]

Thank you.

[@chelisue]

4th time watching and I think I might have gotten it all finally.

[@josephnyamoga4747]

Thanks

[@shreyansh_jain]

Awesome!! 🔥💯

[@TheEmDog10]

Very informative, much appreciated

[@Revolutionaryera.]

It's very deep study and see magic how can we control neurons link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eH67mWmwiceYgbMsi=7oESoI6Adlj1912y

[@Static_The_Deer_Therian]

This actually helped me but knowing I have a display in my house on the shelf WHERE I CAN WALK PAST IT AND SEE IT , it really should be hidden…. Bc it’s gonna make the memories reappear in which causes me to show more symptoms of PTSD and then imma have to take pills I mean I’m fine with it but those pills sometimes don’t work

[@fatehomar8025]

Amazing 😁

[@slambangwallop]

It's interesting that dopamine is overactive in someone experiencing psychosis, and how the part of the brain that is largely responsible for dopaminergic activity is the nuclues accumbens, situated quite near to the amygdala. I wonder does the brain have a hard time differentiating between signals from the hippocampus (where memories are thought to be stored) and from auditory and visual processes (elsewhere) when fight or flight is activated. Perhaps the brain cannot cope with mixed signals, in the case of psychosis as potentially related to thought processing with forms of PTSD. At least, as someone who has experienced psychosis and studied it to a point, I have always thought it noteworthy that dopamine excitation would have to be at odds with fight or flight responses. Self - talk would be a lot more difficult if the brain is confused.

[@1.4142]

I remember more from this than from reading the textbook

[@AndrewBaker558]

Hello, Can you please make a 2 minute video explaining the neuroscience behind clothing sensory issues aka tactile defensiveness. Ever since I gone through puberty over a decade ago, I have been very limited in wardrobe and find the vast majority of clothing items to be insufferably uncomfortable. I pretty much live in gym shorts and a T shirt. For the life of me I just cannot seem to figure out why I’m like this.

[@RosyRosieRose]

Perhaps the prefrontal cortex was right at a time to give way to an overreactive amygdala, and the suppression of emotions is necessary to survive and endure abuse or violence. So probably there is a way to redirect the orchestra the same way we rehabilitate a muscle after injury..?

[@stellaancimer8505]

Pills was the only answer to put me through** it is all depend how much the Brain is damaged

[@rickharold7884]

Hmmm nice explanation

[@zoegeijsmans9158]

If you just need a recap of 2 min . I find this easy to keep my study Materials not mixed up.. ive to study on ass,ptsd,bipolar etc

[@zoegeijsmans9158]

So thanks for thé vids

[@lauraursachi4742]

As this explanation I think I might have ptsd I have exactly this lol

[@shelleysanders9666]

I think the traumatic memory is trapped in the Hippocampi & the Amygdalas/Hippocampi spark each other. This area of the Primitive Brain thus causes anxiety, panic attacks, reliving painful memories etc. The Left Prefrontal Cortex can override the Primitive Mind; the over-stimulated Hippocampi/Amygdalas can be dampened down thru regular relaxation (hypnosis/self-hypnosis). The traumatic memory can then be moved to the Intellectual part of the Mind where it’s a memory which is no longer so emotionally charged

[@haydnneville]

Please do one for Borderline Personality Disorder if you haven't already 🙏

[@EverythingItShouldBe]

Wow!

[@lupe9249]

👆•👆•👆look up that handle, he ships worldwide , and he got >>shrooms, Dmt, lsd, mmda, kat ,psilocybin, Xanax,chocolate bars, he's got a lot..:🍄 💊🍄🍫🔌:::::::;;;;;; ::::

[@katiej3733]

Can you make a video on the insula?

[@Neuroscientificallychallenged]

I've thought about it before---I'll add it to my list for future videos!

[@poisedperson6475]

me coming here after being diagnosed :(

[@jasonhedricksen]

Trauma is an open bloody wound that needs to be healed. Just like your body let's you know when your hand is on a hot surface, so your body let's you know when you experience trauma. We may try to pretend its not there and people may say things like get over it, move on, forget about it. You can try it all you want but your brain is constantly going to remind you and bring it to the surface whether its through nightmares, panic attacks, flash backs, fight or flight, emotions, ect. Noone would ignore a bleedy open cut on their skin. And I've heard so many people call this a mental illness. It pisses me off because its not. So many people just walk around saying they have a mental illness and try to suppress it with medicine. Then hows it ever gonna get healed? Medicine might help you cope for a while but its not the solution. These symptoms are completely normal. It is the brains response to trauma. As a kid I was beat at home and at school. Starved, deprived of sleep, going days without eating, then when my brain didn't get enough sleep and food to function, people started labeling me and putting me on medicine which is f ing stupid. Your body needs the right sleep and nutrition to function.i think child abusers in my opinion are the mentally ill ones. Thank God I'm healed now and people can't put that false identity crap on me.

[@Revolutionaryera.]

It's very deep study and see magic how can we control neurons link: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eH67mWmwiceYgbMsi=7oESoI6Adlj1912y

[@montazaraldujeili2475]

💪🏻💪🏻

[@starofsiam1]

This is me🤯😰

[@karenoberly2011]

This stuff is no joke

[@LarryKnight-nd5xw]

1

[@DisabilityExams]

PTSD, ADHD, and bipolar illness are the three most over-diagnosed psychiatric conditions today.

[@LLJR]

I have PTSD I was hit with ax over the head during a robbery causing a skull fracture hearing loss tinnitus vertigo and epilepsy you think I was over diagnosed ? I seem to have all the symptoms described on this video in addition to these illnesses oh and it gave me over active bladder as well

[@lupe9249]

Tested and trusted 🍄🍄🔌🔌..

[@SylBeB-wp1gg]

Unless you have all 3 and have been trying to manage them for 54 years. I was one hour ago flattened by a trauma flooding event about my service dog and I’m still trying to come out of it. Thankfully I have him and he’s not dying. You must not have ptsd, bipolar, or adhd.

[@joeynarciso94]

​@SylBeB-wp1gg Well, I certainly wish I actually had a clue or two about what you are actually trying to say in your comment?? For example, I'm assuming yours is a reply to the disability exams individual but basically I'm seeing that what you wrote is not really even particularly clear sentence structure

[@joeynarciso94]

​@@SylBeB-wp1ggUnless what??? And what does 54 years ago have to do with anything? What's wrong with 25 years or 2 years for instance. Plus then something happened to your dog one hour ago?? Huh?? And then who cannot have PTSD without also having ADHD plus bipolar disorder?? Not actually even sure if you said that! So definitely would be nice if you could explain. Not that there's any significant degree of folks who tend to return to these sites to achieve any effective follow-through of the concepts that are brought up ...

[@DuckDodgers69]

Is being born traumatic

[@suzanneangstman9729]

It’s actually thought to be one of the most traumatic experiences a person has, and is believed to be a time we produce DMT to be able to cope with it. Life is just continual salt thrown on that wound

[@444haluk]

LOL, people are trying to find the neurocircuit of guilt. LOL

[@JennyKenny-uu2bs]

Not always true about avoidance in my case can't stand someone to eat lots of condiments someone would over do it an now the thought of seeing someone else using it even the mere smell of it makes me literally sick to my stomach I've tried it's not just s mind over matter it is deeper than that it's physically makes me sick

[@LarryKnight-nd5xw]

1

[@Edwardelvin209]

will recommend you to this mycologist who I got all mushrooms,dmt,lsd,edible cannabis etc, they ship discreetly to any location