2. Neuroanatomy

MIT 9.13 The Human Brain, Spring 2019
Instructor: Nancy Kanwisher
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/9-13S19
KZbin Playlist: • MIT 9.13 The Human Bra...
Basic brief neuroanatomy review in preparation for dissection, including an introduction to the cortex, primary regions, and topographic maps.
* NOTE: Lecture 3. Master Class: Human Brain Dissection (in-class dissection-video not recorded)
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s KZbin and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at ocw.mit.edu/comments.

[@mitocw]

* NOTE: Lecture 3. Master Class: Human Brain Dissection (in-class dissection-video not recorded) View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/9-13S19 KZbin Playlist: kzbin.info/aero/PLUl4u3cNGP60IKRN_pFptIBxeiMc0MCJP

[@zZzZUPER]

@@odiolareligionodioelvatixa9044 what neural network are you using?

[@savantofillusions]

I think I could be blind and still do my savant art. I don’t have to be blind. I don’t have to really see what I draw either. But I’m looking right at it. I still don’t know what it is while I draw it.

[@savantofillusions]

I used to have a sleep disorder and have had a bout of it recently, that doesn’t let me know whether I have slept or remember falling asleep or waking up and I will micronap on and off for days without realizing it if it’s really bad.

[@savantofillusions]

All I need to do is swirl my finger around and tap my other finger. I am mindless and unaware of any goal to draw anything in particular and expect the drawing to just be lines that don’t represent objects, but I go from purely abstract to surrealist illusions without any effort.

[@savantofillusions]

And I’m drawing these surrealist illusory illustrations perfectly sideways. I can’t do that by hand with a pencil unless I take my time and have something to draw. Never have I ever before the app, drawn creatively or/and sideways, speedily nonetheless.

[@wildboywifey6485]

It's crazy that there are people out there who used this lecture to get their degree and become a neurosurgeon or something. And I'm using this lecture to keep me focused to wash my dishes. Also, bless MIT for making this course free. When I was a kid, I loved learning so much I played school during summer break. If I had a math workbook from the previous year, I would finish it. The school gave us an old science textbook to keep so I studied from it. I watched documentaries and CSPAN for fun. If I had this course available to me back then, I would've been the happiest kid around. I hope somewhere out there, there's a kid who is like I was and can learn as much as they want.

[@90deltaderivatives35]

Love that. Never stop learning, should be everybody's priority.

[@Franciscasieri]

We are both extraordinarily lucky to live exactly at this moment in a 4B year run...

[@bleepbloop9251]

Same my friend!! Cheers!

[@user-oe9pp6gw8n]

It seems like your love of learning still remains! Cheers!

[@user-bh4ew6wy7e]

Woo, does not seems deep but maybe it tells a lot

[@aaroncumberland7625]

I would like to apply to MIT just to get the rejection letter to hang it on my wall. "Dear Mr. Cumberland: Upon reviewing your high school transcript, we at the MIT admissions office are perplexed as to how anyone could possibly make an 'F' in Art class? We would like to interview you and request you submit to a MRI scan of your brain so that our neurology department can settle a bet."

[@edomoeli1347]

Not a bad idea ... not a bad idea at all

[@skybirdnomad]

Maybe you get an F in art but I can see you getting an A in internet troll

[@life42theuniverse]

My hypothesis is that you skipped Art class... the only reason for a ‘F’ IMO

[@louisolivier1163]

Mr Louis Olivier

[@khautantitsane9933]

😂😂😂😂

[@rockallmusic]

For anybody like me who kept thinking "I wish I knew what these reading assignment papers were, they sound so interesting": you can find out the papers if you follow the link in the description "View the complete course", then navigate to "Browse course material" -> "Readings"

[@soulimanimed3800]

thank you

[@pjarts1847]

OMG thank you!!

[@knowledgeprogress6226]

You'll find the presentation she used during the lesson. Unfortunately, you won't find the reading mentioned in the video. Well, I didn't find it :(

[@amit1164]

Re. this course's reading, the book link is broken and the paper is hidden behind a pay wall. But you can read the abstract for free.

[@shtefangusan5464]

​@@amit1164 How do you know which paper it is though?

[@chriserony]

Got my Bachelor's in Cognitive Science from UCSD. What I learned : 1. homunculus 2. "If you see a hippo on campus you'll never forget." 3. You will die without REM sleep 4. Shits always more complicated than you thought it was, never take a behavior study at face value 5. A confident memory does not at all mean an accurate memory 6. We know less about the brain than outer space & it's all from freak accidents and people with grand mal seizures because it's wildly unethical to study a live brain outside a body. Neuroscientists are the Sherlock Holmes of researchers with the detailed and refined amount of information they learn about the brain from a single case study. Edit: 7. Fire together, wire together

[@RickarooCarew]

if you see a hippie on campus.. you can ignore him/her... UCSD is chock full of em.... no worries mate I have eidetic memory... mostly I know not to memorize stuff I can look up my brother cut up many small animals in his heart research at UCSD... I don't think that's ethical either bro... certainly not from the critter's point of view My lab partner is Dr Punkin... a French bulldog... we don't use the M word ... he's completely reusable... maybe it's the other way around... he's pretty smart... and every time I fire up... he gets some too... which is absolutely why he's so smart... cute too

[@RickarooCarew]

@C G maybe... it's the idea that cutting up other critters is ok... to further our knowledge about the World around us... ==>> I don't think it's ok *** essential information.. obtained by force... taken from someone else at the expense of their lives... can't actually bring good results... you can't get good results from doing something wrong

[@wolfbenson]

#4 is very important!! Don't let the behaviorists convince you that the brain is "just a black box."

[@DaOfficialBlackPsych]

The brain is a universe 😊

[@shivamjalotra7919]

@@DaOfficialBlackPsych This is a much better explanation.

[@lurkingfriend]

Nancy is so pleasant, it looks like she's really enjoying her time. (most of my teachers hated teaching, they only saw themselves as researchers)

[@alejandroperlamarquez1542]

Gracias por tu inteligencia.

[@spike2918]

I think this light shines only in those who truly love what they do, she did.

[@McFlashh]

Then those teachers should consider if teaching is the job for them.

[@wesley6442]

It truly is the teacher that can make or break a class for you, I had a horrible computer science educator back when I was in college and it was awful, he was monotone, uninterested and just going through the motions and honestly, computer science was already a pretty dull and boring topic so it made learning it twice as hard. But, Nancy here is so passionate and brilliant in her lectures that I am vicariously fascinated, I am here as a passive learner but I am walking away with decades of neuroanatomy knowledge thanks to MIT and their generous gift of giving us this invaluable information from such a dedicated and passionate presenter

[@Skalbemann]

Holy shit! What an age to live in to have something like this just freely available!

[@karensilver8853]

I'm delighted with this course. I worked in neuropsychiatry and a lot of what she's talking about hadn't even been "born" yet.

[@CIA.Langley]

Wannabe

[@revelations2044]

"a lot of what she's talking about hadn't even been "born" yet." What does that mean? Curious

[@karensilver8853]

We didn't know as much 50 years ago about the functions of the various areas. fMRI was revolutionary. I studied neurotransmitters rather than neuroanatomy. We had EEG, of course.

[@snoodydoody2685]

What a great speaker. Also did anyone else think to themselves in the beginning of the video "Oh don't apologize for insulting my intelligence, I am actually stupid, and I didn't take 901 or 902. I took uh... 90KZbin to get in here..." lol jk

[@snoodydoody2685]

@@odiolareligionodioelvatixa9044 Yes

[@GuiPurri]

900 and 901 are also available online. I thought of taking them before going forward with this one, but the professor said it was okay

[@lama-rask]

Good for you trying to get the education you deserve

[@ahmedbaloch8458]

Where I can find 901 and 902 course

[@pocok5000]

900 is on youtube, it's pretty damn good, just keep in mind that some of the tent-pole experiments have been debunked since then. Most notably the Milgram experiment and the Stanford prison experiment.

[@dipankardey1044]

I am from engineering background, but has got curiosity to know how our brain works. As I'm a programmer I find it real interesting how do we map a logic for what's happening with different parts of the brain. Please keep sharing such courses, these courses are extremely helpful for people like us

[@iMiilk182]

@@halcyon2864 what do you mean? consiousness isnt a property of matter? like, this car has enough power to reach 300kmh, this animal has enough brain power to reach consciouness?

[@sivashankaran1328]

@@halcyon2864 Us, humans are more comfortable with thinking energy comes from matter(whatever kind it may be) because it gives us a starting point to search and learn further. If we start going in the direction of "consciousness cause matter", we would have to understand a major part of the universe to even frame a reasonable question in that aspect. It would be like searching for the smallest pin in the largest haystack.

[@savantofillusions]

We don’t map logic or symbols the way Dr. Jordan Peterson described in Maps of Meaning. He made it up.

[@leenagoyal2403]

Hey I am exactly like you here. Very interesting in knowing more about Brain structure while being a student of Computer Science. Very fascinating to see how seemingly unrelated fields have so much to teach us ^^

[@dipankardey1044]

@@leenagoyal2403 exactly

[@lseh4720]

Thank you MIT for putting this out for free and for hiring and retaining Professor Kanwisher. I almost want to go back to college. :-). Now, please giver her a raise, a BIG raise.

[@peretzo]

The woman is PHENOMENAL 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@JacobSBierman]

Madness that An MIT course that people pay 10’s of thousands for are free for us to view, what a world we live in

[@solesovereign]

This class is truly fascinating. In many ways I wish I had applied myself a bit more in school to get into a school like MIT.

[@PascalxSome]

It's never too late to start. Maybe not at MIT, but there always is a way

[@HZAexNB]

I can't believe i watched the entire video enthusiasticly. The topic is good but the way she presented it is amazing, really.

[@keshavmittal5385]

Hands down the most clearly explained neuroanatomy of our brains! Thank you, Prof. Kanwisher!

[@prodcdebeatz7205]

you can tell this woman is a superb teacher.

[@Allbbrz]

She is delightful and she kept me awake from 4:30 to 5:30 in the morning. Really fascinating subject, the brain... she is too.

[@philosophia5577]

For those who seem a bit lost in beginning, start at 4:45

[@rumimollick6723]

i hope you realize that you are doing the work of god

[@prabhjotdhaliwal8907]

Thank you ...I was really lost

[@drsakshijoshi]

thank you! you thought about others, its the people like you who make the world better! :)

[@ADeeSHUPA]

@@drsakshijoshi Fe DoM

[@fftnofx]

She might be one of the coolest professors I've ever watched

[@julypow]

it is 3 AM, I am learning so much

[@peggleblastlover]

What a clear and engaging professor! I’m a sophomore in high school who’s interested in majoring in neuroscience later in life. Thank you for making this course free :)

[@skybirdnomad]

Another good resource is feynman lectures on physics (you can find online for free), and going through some of that will give you a good foundation in **understanding** physics which is better than what most colleges will teach, and that will certainly help you in neuroscience Good luck!

[@wesley6442]

I have enjoyed open course ware lectures for a good decade now, and I gained a lot of fascinating insight into electrical engineering, physics, quantum physics and many others. But I have never been so mesmerized but such an incredible topic such as neurobiology, I can't thank MIT enough for sharing this lecture with the world free of charge, I've never been so enthralled by a topic such as this, I am blown away at how incredibly fascinating it all is!

[@the_biggest_chungus7508]

Good grief, if only my engineering profs would be this enthusiastic about their stuff... I have some, granted, with one Prof being as enthusiastic as this Professor here. And it's an absolute blast to visit his lectures

[@MrRollingstone66]

I’m so glad I caught this. Thank you

[@obuyWw]

this series is fantastic! thank you people at MIT

[@ashishpattekar9925]

Wonderful lecture series… thank you for posting!

[@_a.z]

Best lectures since Sopolski!

[@bradsillasen1972]

She and her class are a perfect complement to SApolsky. I assume they know each other pretty well.

[@FourTetTrack]

Thanks a lot for sharing this course Dr Kanwisher!

[@spoicat5459]

For my own reference: 1. Retinotropic map 2. Akinotopsia 3. Area MT

[@Tuntee]

what a gift these videos are.

[@salaheddinehouache1015]

Thanks For the great lecture, And special thanks to the crew behind the scene 🙂

[@penguinista]

At the start, the professor says only humans have precision throwing. As with many other things, we take it to a whole different level. But it occurs to me that many monkeys throw their feces accurately. Just saw a video of that on Reddit yesterday, coincidentally. The baboon got it right on the persons face from about 10 feet away, through a cage. Also various animals very accurately project their venom, or other fluids.

[@becomingShika]

Loved that the lecturer (professor) is a woman and she is a brilliant teacher - using narratives and engaging the senses to make anatomy come to life

[@lisamuir4261]

10:33 as an inquiring on behaviors and data known in regards to human cannibalism psychology cases related to their visual perception as the brain in some ways look like vegetables, this raises more questions in my research. I appreciate this free lecture and hope we are able to access more in the future.

[@kellypremium8507]

I am tired and I know I have to go to bed early but I just cannot stop watching her lecture! It sounds so interesting and somehow makes me feel as if I can understand the complex context! I love it❤ Thank you❤

[@joseaugustoburattini8186]

These overviews in neurophysiology remember my classes in my residency of neurosurgery with prof Timo-Iaria. Good times, it was full of hopeness in neurosurgery field

[@redherring4119]

@KobeR Not everybody's as daft as you on youtube. You have zero basis for saying he's not a neurosurgeon. Neurosurgeons have the ability to use youtube like everybody else.

[@professorheights6068]

thank you very much prof. excellent contribution o the field

[@danielsmith9972]

Excellent lecture.

[@xoc]

i dont know how i got here but it makes for a good podcast

[@KartikayKaul]

The Four Fs part was so subtle

[@computermaster360]

No.

[@mrwhiskers8951]

you just blew my mind.

[@karthickraja2436]

Thanks for this Wonderful Lecture Maa'm, i truly loved it the way you taught it.

[@kayysviralclips]

I pretty much love your classes

[@HumaAbbasi-ee5cg]

as a future neuroscience student I know i am, this is soo amazing.. I think I am gonna enjoy this major. thanks to mit.

[@vilexross]

Im so grateful for this. Knowledge is true bliss.

[@ninma9]

Outstanding! Brilliant!

[@razak8528]

I can’t believe this is free. Thank you for posting.

[@fastacelzapacescu5445]

Thank you, MIT !

[@IanALane]

This is a fabulous course, and Nancy does a wonderful job teaching it. My only criticism is: When you ask a question of your audience and they respond, but we can't hear it, and their answer is important to be able to understand content, please repeat it for listeners who only get to hear your audio.

[@willbeveridge2759]

I love your class Dr Kanwisher. Receiving from Edinburgh Scotland

[@agilealona]

I am so happy to have found this❤

[@raymgeni]

OK i LOVE WHEN SHE SAYS THAT Well I will follow this whole course

[@iraqi3612]

Thank you very much doctor

[@scenFor109]

The ratio of the number of connections between the cortex, sensor and thalamus may indicate that the sensor is used for feedback filtering. Axons may 'feel' a field of holographic information then use the sensor to filter in specific features from the sea of waves. That scent is sent directly to the cortex is perhaps a hint to unlock how molecules, of the same type, are formed as unique keys to store and relay memory in the gaps between synapses.

[@erikbelfrage4600]

I had the same thought, but in layman terms - scent memories always seem to be the most profound, and here it is shown how it's linked directly and not via the Thalamus like all other senses... Do you mean that molecules could somehow be "stored" in connection to synapses?

[@scenFor109]

@@erikbelfrage4600 Yes. The molecules themselves needn't be stored but unique energy signatures of individual molecules may be linked to memory. An allegory would be of plant leafs. Each type of plant produces the same type of leaf but each one is structurally unique. Or grains of sand of the same mass, that produce a piezo electric charge under pressure, which also produce a unique energy signature because of structural differences in familial types. If true, this may point to a solution to the problem of why A.I. can't remember a learned task when learning a new one.

[@JitendraKumar-hr3bx]

as a

[@karanbohra9306]

I am in class 12 but i understand a lot of new thing It's worth it to be watched

[@allenculbertson8170]

Nancy very inspiring it is for me to listen to your lectures.

[@hrahulgupta]

18:21 I believe passing the almonds to the students would help them remember the topic.

[@anthienvo]

Okay, now I no longer have beef with weird names on scientific terms or experiments anymore. Thank you, Dr. Nancy

[@lb7801]

Well, the 4 f's of the amygdala is something I'm not going to forget soon 😂 that gave me a good chuckle (and an easy way to remember, thanks!)

[@bradsillasen1972]

@19:47 where are the dendritic processes and where do they connect to? How do the cortical neurons interact? I'm confused, somebody please help :)

[@wendellvaldez3662]

18:43 that deserved more laughter, an applause even.

[@stevensvideosonyoutube]

Fascinating, thank you for your consideration.

[@expatexpat6531]

There is an area on the retina that has no photosensitive cells. That is where the optic nerve joins the retina and takes the signals from the retina to the brain. The brain "paints" in the missing info in the picture so we don't "see" the gap in our perception. QN: How is this gap mapped on/handled by the retinotopic map? And where is the algorithm located that fills the image gap? In order to fill the gap, surely it has to analyse the overall image first in order to insert the correct missing part and avoid an incongruous result? Yet our consciousness is not aware of any time lag in our perception of the image? (Hope that all makes sense.)

[@expatexpat6531]

@Toughen Up, Fluffy Thank you for sharing that very detailed description of your condition. I hope you are receiving appropriate treatment.

[@pokepaar3696]

I just want to say great question, but I have no idea and would like to know as well

[@brucesuchman1253]

Neuron activity with different faces and objects. Is this like a radio? As in perfect match vs dial being offset, off ? Not literally, but for the sake of visualizing the interaction.

[@Destroyer533]

Tq i am enjoying this course and teacher explains well

[@narendraparmar1631]

Thanks for sharing this knowledge

[@d3x3d]

the archerfish can spit droplets of water onto insects from the pond below and knock them off leaves w/remarkable precision.

[@ianbrewer4843]

Great speaker

[@123argonaut]

If you google, it's difficult to actually find any good photos of, for example, the amygdala. So I started to think that what you really mean when you talk about these regions is that they are specific areas within the brain, that have been mapped out when measuring the activity of the brain. That these areas reside in larger physical shapes in the brain. But this is not correct, right? They have distinct shapes inside the brain, right?

[@BobTobacco]

This kind of lecture videos is the best example how the technology should be used. Namely, to let people access knowledge if they're willing to. Thanks a lot! P.S.: when can I sign for an exam to obtain the Master of Brain Degree, after I will have accomplished this KZbin course? :)

[@GuiPurri]

I agree tremendously. I just finished writing a paper on how ads and technology point to enhanced communication and that we should all have an education more suited to these mediums.

[@pramodmandal9665]

Q ee ee s

[@pramodmandal9665]

@@GuiPurri sefdfe

[@khushinigam6803]

lucky and grateful to be born in a generation where we get this knowledge for free

[@not_amanullah]

Thanks 🤍❤️

[@jennyfulcher8035]

Fascinating!

[@melissasalasblair5273]

Thanks 💙👒 2:38

[@wyattsullivan2714]

Blows my mind that the editing team decided to cut away from the presentation immediately after the professor told the class to keep staring at the screen at 40:00. Brain scans on them would either show very insightful or very little data.

[@user-cx5ni7me6l]

Thanks again

[@RickarooCarew]

thank you so very much... in Spanish we use the word... claro... for understanding si.. esta muy claro mil gracias

[@RickarooCarew]

lucky students to have such a good teacher... it's a noble calling

[@iftikharhossain3031]

Vamos, Vamos. Mi amor, Despacito.

[@joseinTokyo]

brilliant!

[@subhadramahanta452]

15:25 Since we say, 'experience make a person'. Was there any change in behavior of Henry Molaison after the surgery?

[@coltonboxell1960]

Wow, I really liked the part about the retinotopic map. I didn't know that's what that is called. Also I think it's interesting that the huma MT detects position and presence of position, but not direction, because that's roughly in tune with my understanding of the quantum mechanical description of the world where position and momentum are non commutative. It's like describing a group of vectors in a position space

[@GuiPurri]

oh, totally!

[@darmok072]

Probably a stupid question, but is it possible to access the reading assignment scientific papers or must they be purchased? I presume MIT have a license for them but us mere mortals must pay up :-) ?...

[@gregmattson2238]

great lecture, but wish the person recording/editing it would have kept the picture still during the live experiment showing the after-effects of sight. totally obscured the point there.

[@GuiPurri]

that may have actually been more due to the editing than the recording, but yeah

[@gregmattson2238]

@@GuiPurri yeah good point, edited the original comment.

[@FuzzynTricky]

I like the way you preset

[@briankim151]

magnificent lecture. Thank you. MIT

[@karinamatos4253]

She is so engaging in her speech.

[@FearsomeVoid]

She really is, she knows how to hook the audience.

[@RCPN]

Anyone knows or can explain how the thalamus switches between different senses?

[@NabeelKhan-ie6bx]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:00 🧠 *Introduction and Course Overview* - Brief introduction to the course on the Human Brain (913). - Professor Nancy Kanwisher introduces herself and shares a personal connection to the subject. - Agenda includes a brief story, the importance of studying the human brain, course mechanics, and grading. 01:27 📖 *True Story: Friend's Medical Situation* - Professor Kanwisher narrates a true story about her friend Bob's medical emergency. - The story touches on the nature of the human mind, brain organization, and recovery after brain damage. - Introduces the concept of resilience, privilege, and expertise in the context of the Cambridge society. 08:33 🤔 *Unnoticed Signs and Cognitive Dissonance* - Kanwisher reflects on her failure to connect signs of Bob's navigational issues with potential brain problems. - Discusses cognitive dissonance and how her expertise in brain research should have prompted earlier realization. - Emphasizes the importance of recognizing specific brain issues even when other cognitive functions seem normal. 12:23 💡 *Discovery of the Parahippocampal Place Area* - Describes the accidental discovery of the parahippocampal place area during a scene recognition experiment. - Highlights the significance of this brain region in understanding how we recognize scenes. - Explains the unexpected results that led to the identification of the parahippocampal place area. 14:21 🧠 *Connection Between Research and Friend's Condition* - Realization of the lime-sized anomaly in Bob's brain, adjacent to the parahippocampal place area studied by Kanwisher's lab. - Reflects on the irony of not connecting her own research findings to her friend's condition earlier. - Discovers scans from previous years, indicating slow growth of the anomaly, providing crucial information. 16:39 🏥 *Privilege, Neurosurgery, and Medical Resources* - Narrates the urgency of finding the best neurosurgeon and the paramount importance of this decision. - Discusses the privilege of having access to medical resources, expertise, and the impact on Bob's prognosis. - Emphasizes the critical role of selecting the right neurosurgeon in life-threatening situations. 20:24 🩹 *Surgery, Recovery, and Postoperative Outcome* - Describes the complexity and intensity of Bob's neurosurgery to remove the lime-sized anomaly. - Reflects on the successful surgery outcome due to the expertise of the neurosurgeon and available resources. - Highlights Bob's rapid recovery and return to normal life, considering the severity of the surgery. 21:50 🗺️ *Post-surgery: Navigational Challenges* - Addresses the postoperative impact on Bob's navigational abilities. - Indicates that despite successful surgery and overall recovery, navigational skills did not return. 22:18 🧠 *Impact of Brain Damage on Navigation Abilities* - Brain damage, especially to specialized circuits, can result in permanent loss of certain mental abilities. - Children have more plastic brains and may recover from brain damage, unlike adults. 23:15 🚗 *Driving Abilities vs. Navigation Challenges* - Bob can drive without issues, but relies heavily on GPS for navigation. - Immediate spatial orientation is fine, but conceptualizing routes and directions is impaired. 24:40 🌐 *Recognition of Places and Navigational Strategies* - Bob can recognize familiar places but struggles with providing directions to get home. - Limited ability to string together multiple navigational steps. 25:36 🏢 *Challenges of Navigating Within Buildings* - Bob faces difficulties navigating within buildings, especially unfamiliar ones. - New environments, like hotels, pose significant challenges. 26:35 🌐 *Memory for Over-Learned Routes vs. Creating New Routes* - Bob can navigate over-learned routes from memory but struggles to devise new routes. - The distinction between memorized motor sequences and creating novel routes. 27:31 🧠 *Conscious Access to Past Knowledge and Imagining Spaces* - Bob lacks conscious access to past spatial knowledge when trying to imagine directions. - The difficulty in constructing stable mental images of nearby places. 28:55 🧩 *Themes from Bob's Story and Introduction to Brain Structure* - The brain exhibits structure and organization, not just a homogeneous mass. - Specific brain damage can result in the loss of distinct mental abilities. 29:52 🔄 *Brain Organization Reflects Mental Architecture* - The organization of the brain mirrors the architecture of the mind. - Fundamental brain structures reveal fundamental aspects of the mind. 30:49 🔄 *Brain Changes Over Time and Different Ways to Study the Brain* - Discussion on how brains change over normal development, learning, experience, and after injury. - Emphasis on various methods to study the brain, from behavioral observations to anatomical and functional imaging. 43:42 🧠 *Understanding the Limitations of Deep Nets* - Humans and deep nets excel at pattern recognition but differ in building models to understand the world. - Structural information crucial for deep understanding is often missed by AI systems. 45:10 🌐 *Reasons for Studying the Human Brain* - The brain's complexity provides valuable lessons for AI systems. 46:34 🤔 *Approaches to Studying the Human Brain* - The human brain can be studied at various levels of organization, from molecules to networks. - The course focuses on understanding how the brain gives rise to the mind. 48:55 🧠 *Cognitive Science Methods* - Psychophysics and perceptual illusions provide valuable insights into how the mind works. - Reaction time and accuracy in response to stimuli contribute to cognitive science research. 51:21 🧩 *Progress in Understanding Brain Organization* - Significant progress has been made in understanding the organization of the human brain. - Functional MRI has revealed the functions of numerous brain regions. 53:14 🔬 *Domains of Cognition with Progress* - The course will delve into domains of cognition where there has been recent progress, such as visual perception and language understanding. - The brain bases of mental functions like face recognition, navigation, and music will be explored. 55:39 🌍 *Key Questions and Uncovered Topics* - Addressing questions about the uniqueness of the human brain and its abilities. - Exploring the origin of knowledge and the balance between innate capabilities and learned experiences. 56:38 📚 *Course Structure and Goals* - Clarifying the focus on cognitive science over a purely brain-centric approach. - Acknowledging the overlap with other neuroscience courses and the unique goals of this course. 01:00:56 📖 *Grading, Assignments, and Reading Papers* - Grading structure includes midterms, finals, and reading/writing assignments based on research papers. - No textbook is used to keep up with the fast-paced field, focusing on original research articles. 01:04:46 🗓️ *Course Logistics and Assignments* - Overview of assignment due dates and quiz schedule. - Emphasis on assignments being due the night before the class for review. 01:07:09 🧠 *Upcoming Brain Dissection Event* - Announcement of an upcoming brain dissection event by neuroscientist Ann Graybiel. - Acknowledgment of the privilege and excitement surrounding the live dissection. 01:08:32 👁️ *Focus on High-Level Vision* - Overview of upcoming lectures focusing on high-level vision, including motion, color, shape, faces, scenes, and bodies. - Emphasis on using these lectures to teach content and various methods in the field. 01:09:30 🔄 *Exploration of Scene Perception and Navigation* - Discussion of upcoming lectures on scene perception and navigation. - Reference to the fascinating area of navigation studies using diverse methods. 01:09:55 🧠 *Brain Development and Midterm* - Overview of lectures on brain development, focusing on wiring and areas with exciting recent work. - Announcement of the midterm and its timing in the course schedule. 01:10:24 🔢 *Understanding Number Processing* - Discussion on how the brain processes numbers, including instant recognition and estimation. - Reference to various methods informing the understanding of number processing. 01:11:22 🍽️ *Neuroeconomics and Pleasure* - Anticipation of lectures on neuroeconomics, focusing on pleasure, pain, and reward. - Mention of the similarity between humans, primates, and some shared aspects with rodents. 01:12:48 🤔 *Understanding Other Minds* - Overview of lectures on theory of mind, understanding how individuals evaluate others. - Reference to the constant evaluation in conversations, including facial expressions. 01:13:16 📚 *Longer Written Assignment and Guest Lecture* - Announcement of a longer written assignment involving experiment design. - Mention of group sessions refining experiment designs. 01:14:12 📖 *Tips on Reading Scientific Papers* - Brief guidance on how to approach and read scientific papers. - Emphasis on identifying the main question, findings, interpretation, and experimental design. Made with HARPA AI

[@scholar_sukhiya]

Too Good, First time I'm seeing anything on brain antomy, and this was awesome, feels too good to watch this. Maybe cause Im a noob, can anyone suggest the term I should search for to understand the chat at 36:39. This was awesome. God bless MIT, God bless Nancy.

[@etcetera1674]

I wanted to ask, why is it that the olfactory nerve does not make it's way to the thalamus and instead ends up in the olfactory cortex directly? Can someone confirm why does this exception exist? Is there any special property of the olfactory system that lets it override the route that other sensory nerves take?

[@dcpunk4]

Another commentor got me thinking about that. Perhaps it's because smell is a sense that interacts directly with the chemical/thing it's trying to identify? There's less to interpret. Not sure if taste has a connection to the thalamus or not, but seeing as how the two are linked......

[@etcetera1674]

@@dcpunk4 I mean, I can see how that may be true, as the tongue does have mixed nerve receptors with both tactile and gustatory functions so that can take the route to the thalamus but the olfactory nerve, as you said might interact directly with vapors and chemical scents like pheromones and even chemical substances can be distinguished on the basis of smell. It does help in distinguishing a lot of things that you couldn't possibly solve with touch/sight/hearing/taste.

[@astratenebris1461]

From my classes on this topic a long time ago a teacher told us that it was probably an evolutive advantage in the recognition of predators and environment, since with your eyes you're limited to whatever is in front of you. Also that way your olfactory senses work even if you're sleeping

[@truthseeker8658]

How old is this video? Was it really recorded a month ago?

[@beenaplumber8379]

What was the video switcher person thinking during the afterimage demo??? I love stuff like that, but in order for it to illustrate anything, you have to hold the screen in place during the demo and not switch around to the camera view. I mean seriously, I appreciate the free high quality education, but that's like messing with us!

[@CookiePepper]

So the thalamus is the sensor fusion system?

[@user-ou6xb2ph2q]

guys can I depend on this course in studying my neuroanatomy chapter in the text book?

[@deepaksharma-gj5ru]

Great lecture mM❤

[@sierrafoxtrotgolf3638]

I have a BA in Organizational Behavior, but I wish I had gone deeper into pyschology. These lectures are incredible. Is the cerebellum part of the brain or its own entity? I've heard arguments both ways. ...and yes, it's a fabulous nose. :)

[@pururaj-ih5gy]

Dhanyvad aapka

[@manofthehoodpalace2174]

What's the paper the professor referring to? Anyone have a link to it?

[@mitocw]

ocw.mit.edu/courses/brain-and-cognitive-sciences/9-13-the-human-brain-spring-2019/readings/

[@tanayamali690]

This is truly amazing and intriguing On completing this course can we get any type of certificate

[@confusedyixing]

The last F caught me off guard