How to Speak

MIT How to Speak, IAP 2018
Instructor: Patrick Winston
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/how_to_speak
Patrick Winston's How to Speak talk has been an MIT tradition for over 40 years. Offered every January, the talk is intended to improve your speaking ability in critical situations by teaching you a few heuristic rules.
0:16 Introduction
3:11 Rules of Engagement
4:15 How to Start
5:38 Four Sample Heuristics
10:17 The Tools: Time and Place
13:24 The Tools: Boards, Props, and Slides
36:30 Informing: Promise, Inspiration, How To Think
41:30 Persuading: Oral Exams, Job Talks, Getting Famous
53:06 How to Stop: Final Slide, Final Words
56:35 Final Words: Joke, Thank You, Examples
This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu

[@mitocw]

For more on the life and work of Professor Winston (1943-2019), visit www.memoriesofpatrickwinston.com/

[@mohammadhatoum]

@@zendokai1527 This professor died this year. Please respect that. I wanted to comment here because I just knew he died. Please allow me to say this, I have been working on artificial intelligence and machine learning for 2 years now. The first course I have ever watched was by this great man. I still remember his kind way of talking and simplicity. Thank you, Professor Partick

[@iansmith3301]

@@zendokai1527 I'm pretty sure he just wanted to live the life he wanted to live. Once you are older and living with pain everyday you'll understand. Why don't you give a talk at MIT and educate us on KZbin?

[@silversrayleigh8980]

Every Millenial: Sp.. Sp... Speak ? what are speak? ... emoji no speak ? ehh?

[@martinzitter4551]

ps -- one "asks" a question rather than "saying" a question. Bad: I said to him, how are you? Good: I asked him, how are you?

[@hondamomo]

@@mohammadhatoum this is my first ever video i watch for this respectfull man . and oh i didnt know i would watch it all till the last end really filled and informative even for a non ai enthusiast like my self thank you for bringing that up mohammed and may god bless his soul

[@MarcoDinacci]

"Your success in life will be determined largely by your ability to speak, your ability to write, and the quality of your ideas. In that order."

[@vipermad358]

...and who your parents are.

[@effab1e200]

Jordan peterson is that you

[@HHCronikO]

Classical liberal burgeoise bullshit pov.

[@paulmerritt8593]

Define success in life. It might not be what you think it is today no matter who you are today.

[@dustinluthro3023]

@@HHCronikO I dig the attitude.

[@jooplin]

I am 27 and this is the first time I spoke thanks to this gentleman

[@atkatsom8745]

Curious. What is your story?

[@geradobocanegra6156]

Sublime (:

[@InFellowShip]

same

[@geoffamend8818]

hilarious

[@andyl0406]

28. Speaking English properly for the first time in 28 years (have not watched full VOD yet)

[@BobRosenstock-pp7wk]

they guy sounded like he could collapse at any moment and still delivered his speech in an intriguing way. what a master.

[@jerrygu436]

What's amazing about this lecture is that you can see Professor Winston implementing his own principles in real time. What an absolute masterpiece of a lecture.

[@chirpy7049]

I feel like that’s the bare minimum don’t you think I wouldn’t call it amazing

[@anointinglartey2762]

I can't help but agree with you. His delivery got me hooked

[@LinarKawthar]

Living example right after mentioning it

[@jerrygu436]

@@LinarKawthar perfect way to put it

[@LinarKawthar]

@@liloualy9176 he's a teacher after all must be boring to a degree

[@ar9907]

We are lucky that we live in an age where we can watch/listen to something like this for free

[@fredcrinson2715]

Was just thinking something similar. We have so much knowledge, merely a few keystrokes away.

[@iamsmarterthanme]

Shhhh, don’t tell everyone 😂

[@deadmanswife3625]

@EIon Musk and the cost of loss of privacy...

[@deadmanswife3625]

Tell them what you're going to tell them. Tell them. Tell them what you've told them.

[@deadmanswife3625]

Biden never needed attendees

[@GregoryKC]

*A summary of the whole talk. Save, read, use... Enjoy!* Someone should've done it, let me be your hero guys. I spent couple of hours doing it but believe it'll be usefull for many people out there! Start 1. Do not start a talk with a joke. 2. Promise - Tell them what they gonna learn at the end of your talk. 3. Cycle - make your idea repeated many times in order to be completely clear for everyone. 4. Make a “Fence” around your idea so that it can be distinguished from someone else’s idea. 5. Verbal punctuation - sum up information within your talk some times to make listeners get back on. 6. Ask a question - intriguing one Place and Time 7. Best time for having a lecture is 11 am. (not too early and not after lunch) 8. The place should be well lit. 9. The place should be seen and checked before the lecture. 10. The place should not be full less than a half, it must be chosen according to the amount of listeners. Tools For teaching. 1. Board - it’s got graphics, speed, target. Watch your hands! Don’t hold them behind your back, it’s better to keep them straight and use for pointing at the board. 2. Props - use them in order to make your ideas visual. Visual perception is the most effective way to interact with listeners. For Job Talk. Exposing, Slides 3. Don’t put too many words on a slide. Slides should just reflect what you’re saying, not the other way around. Pictures attracts attention and people start to wait for your explanation - use that tip. 4. Make slide as easy as you can - no title, no distracting pictures, frames, points and so on. 5. Do not use laser pointer - due to that you lose eye contact with the audience. Instead you can make the arrows just upon a slide. Informing Show to your listeners your stuff is cool and interesting. You have to be able to: -show your vision of that problem -show that you’ve done particular things (by steps) All of that should be done real quick in no more than 5 min. Persuade your listeners you’re not a rookie (Prof. Winston contrived to do that from the very first seconds of his talk) Getting Famous If you want to your ideas be remembered you’ve got to have "5 S" - Symbols associate with your ideas (visual perception is the best way to attract attention) - Slogan (describing your idea) - Surprise (common fallacy that is no longer true, for instance, just after you’ve told about it) - Salient Idea (not necessarily important but the one that sticks out) - Story (how you did it, how it works…) How to End - Don’t put collaborators at the end, do that at the beginning. - Question’s the worst way to end a talk. - It’s good to end with a Contribution slide - to sum up everything you’ve told with your OWN decision. - At the very end you could tell a joke since people then will leave the event feeling fun and thus keep a good memory of your talk. - "Thank you (for listening)" isn’t good ending, it’s trite at least. You can end with a quote of a prominent person (my own knowledge), with a salute to people (how much you valued the time being here, the people over here..., “I’d like to get back, it was fun!” That part actually I find the hardest one, since saying “Thanks” is a kind of a habit and it’s really difficult to make people clap if your talk wasn’t fascinating, so you’d better do this great and you won’t have to worry about how to end!

[@wegapaul3616]

Thanks bro. This comment should be pinned to the top

[@Cc-qi1ou]

Wish I knew u in college

[@alexanderzin]

Thank you sir!

[@722guy]

You sir are amazing! Thank you!

[@practice_percussion2678]

Bro, THANKS

[@bubblydeveloper6180]

How to start a talk. 4:15 1. Never start with a joke, it always falls flat. 2. Start with an empowerment statement, i.e. what will the audience achieve after the talk. 3. Humans have only one language processor, so make sure they focus on what you're saying. ------------------------------------------ 4 Sample Heuristics 5:38 1. Cycle on the topic. Repeat what are talking about to reinforce it 2. Build a fence around your ideas, so audiences don't confuse them with the ideas from others. Tell them how your idea is different from others. 3. Use verbal punctuation to help audiences re-focus. State what you have covered so far and what is there to come. 4. Ask questions. Engage the audience with moderately difficult questions every now and then. But not very difficult ones. ------------------------------------------ The Tools Time & place 10:17 1. Choose an appropriate time for talks. 11 am is a good time for the 1st lecture of the day. 2. The place should be well lit. 3. Know the place before hand, it should be cased so that you can address challenges if any. 4. Make sure it's reasonably populated. Boards. Props, & Slides 13:24 1. Chalks and boards are good for informing and teaching. 2. Boards are well paced medium, people can absorb content while you write or draw graphics. 6. Using Boards and props helps in empathetic mirroring i.e. audiences think they are doing the writing and drawing 3. You can used hands to draw attention. 4. Slides are good for exposing. 6. Don't use laser pointers as they reduce the speakers' chance to engage with audiences, use a sign-post instead. 7. Slides should have minimum amount of words. You do the talking and explanation of the points. 8. Font size should be large enough for easy reading. 5. Props are useful to help audiences visualize things. 9. Practice your talk with people who don't know your work so that they don't hallucinate whats not in the presentation. ------------------------------------------ Informing, Inspire 36:30 1. Show your passion towards the subject 2. Promise a solution to a problem 3. Inspire by igniting passion 3. Teach people how to think by: - Providing stories that they need to know - Providing questions that they need to ask about these stories - Providing mechanism to analyse these stories - Providing ways to put together stories - Providing ways to evaluate reliability of the stories ------------------------------------------ Persuade 41:30 1. Job Talks: Vision - Tell them about a problem they'd be interested in and provide your approach to the solution. Achievement - Provide the steps you will take to solve the problem 2. Getting Famous: Why? - Because you want your work to be recognized. How? - Brand your work, have a slogan, have a salient idea and have a story to tell. ------------------------------------------ How to End a Talk 50:06 1. The last slide - It should enumerate what the audience have learnt or achieved after this talk, give them the time to read. 2. Final words: - Never thank the audience. - End with a call to action. - Alright, you can tell a joke now, people will think they've had fun all the while. 50:36

[@user-hz5yb4bh5v]

Why not thank the audience? Thank the audience for their attention, courtesy, for sharing their intent to learn and grow .. ... all the positive reasons that the audience is there to begin with. Leave them not just with your talk or lecture or with the focus entirely on you, but tell them briefly of (the aforementioned) reasons you're thanking them. That ties their polite, intelligent, goal oriented adult behavior to you with your very own, very courteous human expression - of them - thus being one with each person in the audience, with all of their humanity. Without saying it specifically, without speaking about it in words, you send the audience away with their own gratitude silently acknowledged - you give them all the power of a blessing, of appreciation for being who they are. That simple expression of gratitude to the audience, with just a few words, which rather punctuates any speaking presentation, communicates far more deeply than speaking about speaking. Therefore the audience leaves with your talk not only in their minds, but also in their hearts. Thank the audience properly. It is good for them, and for the speaker.

[@Emilia-Wyatt]

The use of the techniques he’s teaching while he’s teaching them in a thoughtful manner was amazing. Asking a question about what another good way for an audience to re-engage is (the answer to which was asking a question) was next level brilliant!

[@ernieho5468]

Once upon a time, I stayed up late at the MIT lab. On 6am , I saw professor Winston came to the lab and start drawing on the board. I asked professor "Hi Prof Winston, why are you here so early?" However, he ignored me, and keep drawing on the board... After an hour, he called my name. "Hey Ernie, what's up?" I looked at him and asked "Hi Prof, is this the drawing for the course later on this morning? Why did you practice the subject if you taught it so many times?" He looked at me and smiled "I'm like an athlete, got to rehearse and improve my performance before every game! I've done it for many decades, and this is my commitment for students! " At that moment, I have no word to describe my feeling, but having tears in my eyes and deepest respect from my heart. The man standing in front of me is the ford professor at MIT, he practiced before each course even he had taught it for over 30 years, he showed his commitment and dedication to his students not by his words, but his actions! He is Prof Patrick Henry Winston, a great spirit who inspired thousands and thousands of brilliant minds. Prof Winston, please rest in peace… Thank you for teaching and mentoring... your commitment and dedication for students always live deeply in our heart!

[@dethswurl117]

Awesome comment 🧡

[@pj0000007]

I am sorry to hear of his passing. I accidentally came upon his lecture video. I observed his movement & breathing as he spoke & said to myself “this isn’t right”, suspecting cardiovascular issues (CVD). Maybe I am wrong - I don’t know what he passed from but if I was in the class at that time I would have tried to communicate my concerns to him. / DrJ

[@ZeroNoHighest]

He ignored you? He sounds rude to me

[@petey8155]

@@ZeroNoHighest oh jesus christ

[@jennifernewman9799]

Novasistic, sounds to me like he was focused on the task at hand and as soon as he completed his preparation he conversed with the student. Great presentation!

[@kittyjayway]

Mark fans, this guy passed away in 2019, please be respectful to him in comments among the jokes from the stream.

[@Wiikid777]

May this legend rest in peace.

[@elaboratedreamer]

WAIT REALLY?? OMG I DIDN'T KNOW THAT That's genuinely really sad :((

[@leoncaples2947]

Rest in peace, dear legend.

[@sfbxiii]

He is a legend i learned to speak from him

[@DoingCoding]

People Joking? It's sad they joking about someone who is giving such a knowledge. Even if he is alive or dead we should not joke.

[@TerraVivus]

he is literally putting into to practice what he is teaching as he is teaching it. incredible.

[@aanando]

You mean he is speaking while he is teaching. P.S.: I havent and wont watch the video

[@ghost-wl3pm]

no the original commenter is right, dont correct them if you dont know what theyre talking about☠☠☠☠@@aanando

[@aanando]

@@ghost-wl3pm Did I correct him? I dont think so🤔🥱

[@ghost-wl3pm]

@aanando yeah you legit did..."you mean he is speaking while he is teaching" your comment is right there thought I wouldn't need to quote you, but yes you are legit trying to correct them and implying that they said something wrong by saying "you mean..."

[@aanando]

@@ghost-wl3pm Sorry for the crime😉

[@BoyInTech]

Summary: 00:00 🎖 Communication skills are vital for success in life; speaking, writing, and idea quality matter. 01:25 🏆 Knowledge, practice, and inherent talent influence effective communication; knowledge matters most. 02:20 📢 Learning various speaking techniques can significantly impact your success; a non-linear process. 03:17 📵 Avoid distractions during learning; laptops and cell phones off to engage fully. 04:39 🚀 Start with an empowerment promise, outlining what listeners will gain from the talk. 06:01 🔄 Repetition and cycling ideas can help ensure better understanding among the audience. 06:58 🧱 Build a fence around your idea to differentiate it from others and avoid confusion. 08:24 ❓ Use verbal punctuation and ask questions to keep the audience engaged and help them stay on track. 09:52 💼 Develop your personal speaking style by observing effective speakers and adapting their techniques. 10:20 ⏰ Choose an optimal time and well-lit environment for effective communication. 13:38 🖼 Use props, such as boards, to engage the audience and make concepts more tangible. 16:53 🎭 Effective use of props can enhance audience engagement through empathetic mirroring. 24:08 📊 Slides are effective for exposing ideas, but avoid reading them or overcrowding with text. 27:52 📊 Experiment: Slides with too much text make the audience focus on reading rather than listening to the speaker. Students remembered slide content over spoken information. 28:49 🚫 Eliminate Clutter: Excessive words on slides due to small fonts reduce audience engagement. Use easily legible fonts (around 40-50 size) to avoid cramming. 29:46 🖐 Avoid Laser Pointer: Laser pointers disconnect you from the audience, leading to lack of eye contact and engagement. Use arrows or other methods to guide attention. 32:08 📜 Too-Heavy Slides: Presentations with heavy text lack white space and visuals. Aim for balanced text and imagery to maintain audience interest. 38:39 🌟 Inspiration: Inspire by sharing passion about your topic. Express enthusiasm and excitement to engage your audience effectively. 41:31 💡 Teaching People How to Think: Educate by providing stories, questions, mechanisms, and ways to evaluate reliability of information, focusing on thinking skills. 43:28 💼 Job Talks: In job talks, establish your vision and show steps taken to solve a problem in the first five minutes. Practice with friends to refine your presentation. 48:38 🌟 Becoming Memorable: Create "Winston's star" for your work: symbol, slogan, surprise, salient idea, and story. Make sure your work stands out and is recognized. 53:17 🏁 Ending a Talk: Avoid ending with a list of collaborators; introduce them at the beginning. Avoid concluding with negative statements or questions. 54:34 🗣 Slides should effectively communicate your identity and message, avoiding wasted opportunities. 55:31 🧠 Conclude with a "Contributions" slide to highlight what you've achieved, not just conclusions. 56:56 😄 End with a joke to engage the audience and create a positive closing impression. 57:54 🙌 Avoid weak endings like just saying "thank you," which may imply politeness over engagement. 59:18 🎤 Observe how political speeches end to learn diverse ways to conclude effectively. 01:01:13 🎶 Learn from established conventions, like the Latin mass or concert clapping signals. 01:02:09 🙏 Salute the audience by expressing gratitude, valuing their time, and leaving a positive impression.

[@SocialAnimalJC]

I was just looking for doing it on paper. Perfect!

[@henryfernandez2504]

Thanks

[@Aritul]

Thank you!

[@whatifoundout]

Thanks

[@user-ey1tc4vs6l]

Thank you ❤

[@farhanmughal262]

How to start a talk. 1. Never start with a joke, it always falls flat. 2. Start with an empowerment statement, i.e. what will the audience achieve after the talk. 3. Humans have only one language processor, so make sure they focus on what you're saying. ------------------------------------------ Sample Heuristics: 1. Cycle on the topic. Repeat what are talking about to reinforce it 2. Build a fence around your ideas, so audiences don't confuse them with the ideas from others. Tell them how your idea is different from others. 3. Use verbal punctuation to help audiences re-focus. State what you have covered so far and what is there to come. 4. Ask questions. Engage the audience with moderately difficult questions every now and then. But not very difficult ones. ------------------------------------------ The Tools Time & place: 1. Choose an appropriate time for talks. 11 am is a good time for the 1st lecture of the day. 2. The place should be well lit. 3. Know the place before hand, it should be cased so that you can address challenges if any. 4. Make sure it's reasonably populated. Boards & Props: 1. Chalks and boards are good for informing and teaching. 2. Boards are well paced medium, people can absorb content while you write or draw graphics. 6. Using Boards and props helps in empathetic mirroring i.e. audiences think they are doing the writing and drawing 3. You can used hands to draw attention. 4. Slides are good for exposing. 6. Don't use laser pointers as they reduce the speakers' chance to engage with audiences, use a sign-post instead. 7. Slides should have minimum amount of words. You do the talking and explanation of the points. 8. Font size should be large enough for easy reading. 5. Props are useful to help audiences visualize things. 9. Practice your talk with people who don't know your work so that they don't hallucinate whats not in the presentation. ------------------------------------------ Inspire 1. Show your passion towards the subject 2. Promise a solution to a problem 3. Inspire by igniting passion 3. Teach people how to think by: - Providing stories that they need to know - Providing questions that they need to ask about these stories - Providing mechanism to analyse these stories - Providing ways to put together stories - Providing ways to evaluate reliability of the stories ------------------------------------------ Persuade 1. Job Talks: Vision - Tell them about a problem they'd be interested in and provide your approach to the solution. Achievement - Provide the steps you will take to solve the problem 2. Getting Famous: Why? - Because you want your work to be recognized. How? - Brand your work, have a slogan, have a salient idea and have a story to tell. ------------------------------------------ How to End a Talk 1. The last slide - It should enumerate what the audience have learnt or achieved after this talk, give them the time to read. 2. Final words: - Never thank the audience. - End with a call to action. - Alright, you can tell a joke now, people will think they've had fun all the while.

[@bookkeepingllc]

Thank you!

[@nicholaswalczak4740]

I think the value of chalk boards or white boards is in the tension they build. Personally I find that as the person is writing it I'm curious as to what they're going to write. You don't have that with slides.

[@hermitgreen9581]

Thanks for the summary. Very useful, and very public-spirited of you.

[@farhanmughal262]

Hermit Green thank you, you’re very kind 😊

[@farhanmughal262]

Nicholas Walczak absolutely.

[@FilosSofo]

title: "How to speak" the guy in the video: **starts speaking** me: damn, he's good

[@ntomatas1]

when will this type of comment go away?

[@beberivera7011]

That was very schmidt!😭😉😈

[@ZeroNoHighest]

He sounds out of breath to me, so much so that it was a distraction. Poor guy, he needs to see a doc quick and give lecturers later. Ijs

[@jselectronics8215]

@@ZeroNoHighest He needs to go low carb/keto/carnivore.

[@ZeroNoHighest]

@@jselectronics8215 he needs to give lecturers in a chair...or a senior citizen scooter

[@TARTANTERR0R]

I wish I had seen this during my military career, everything he said about PP, mannerisms, etc was something I instinctively knew was wrong, but it was exactly how we were taught to teach as instructors/mentors. Fantastic information and an excellent educator. I understand he has sadly passed, but he is still educating a 52-year-old man, which is appreciated. This presentation is a very valuable gift he has left.

[@realhumphreyappleby]

We're so lucky that this gem of a lecture was captured before he died. Now he can deliver this talk every year, just like he did before.

[@EmbSysDev]

Yes Minister !! Requiescat in Pace, respected Professor...

[@_l735]

@Culture Freedom I'm thinking the same thing, high visceral fat content is a good predictor for early morbidity. Not the best role model in that regard.

[@ajwaddanwarr3409]

I had no idea Professor Winston had passed. His lecture series was instrumental in studying AI. I shall miss him immensely.

[@brighamdallas994]

He was 76 when he passed

[@sharonsumnerlott]

@@_l735 maybe he had a medical condition?

[@voicelab9884]

"I always finish with a joke, and that way people think they've had fun the whole time!"

[@MasterCivilEngineering]

Visit here

[@viveksharma9564]

& I always finish by becoming a joke 😔

[@aqil2211]

Pro tips

[@pianolentiwals1862]

@@viveksharma9564 lol

[@MrTiti]

you teach cows?

[@abdullateefmuraina4602]

This is one of the reasons I so much love using KZbin, the algorithm serves me better by suggesting premium courses. It's really a pleasure coming across this video. Thank you for this lecture sir.

[@Zei33]

Honestly, working retail for a few years set me up for life. I was so anxious about speaking to strangers when I was younger. Retail gave me the skills to go forward in life and now I’m one of the best speakers in my organisation. When I travel I can make friends easily and have regular nights out with new people in foreign lands. It’s a skill that makes life very well.

[@XTRABIG]

same... minus the personal success. Retail experience was invaluable. I learned to express myself clearly and confidently. I also learned the skill of listening to and understanding what other people were communicating to me. working as a camp counselor overseeing youth and later camp counselors themselves sharpened my public speaking skills. thank you for sharing.

[@hadizamani6029]

Professor Winston passed away on July 19, 2019.We mostly know him by Artificial Intelligence Course at MIT OCW.

[@PhoenixProdLLC]

Shit :( I was just thinking he didn't seem well during this lecture.

[@delalias5754]

Respect

[@permadesign]

RIP

[@ED-TwoZeroNine]

One shot learning was his idea?

[@Mallick7]

Rest in peace

[@MyRuger]

Being an only child, and living without parents alone for years has definitely degraded my ability to speak effectively to crowds especially in a teaching scenario. My job has kept me away from people for years and now I’m going to be training people! I said lord help me and here we are. Best of the best, thank you professor Winston.

[@brianbishoptv]

Im sorry you had to go through that. I found out that the best way is by practicing speeches

[@jose000]

...

[@adazudiara4496]

Wishing you for the best !!! 🙌

[@amitchatterjee4824]

Same situation for me bro

[@aussierule]

Same. I was as isolated as you can get in a rural population 400 town, also an only child and I couldn't talk to people for shit. I worked remote and got everything delivered. I decided to teach myself a skill and just up and switch careers. Because after years of loving isolation, I started to get extremely lonely to the point I would call my mom or dad or whoever would pick up just to talk for a couple minutes. Realized what was happening and now I talk to people every day as the only person in a shop. I learned a lot about people and speaking. Mostly was that the average person is a lot dumber than you think they are.

[@jorgesaxon3781]

Its amazing how while explaining each idea he is also provinding an example with his actions and you only realise this until he explains it, fantastic

[@achisiguneyt5281]

Coincidentally found this video looked into this guy and was impressed by how much he did amazing and inspirational man i hope he rest well

[@leixun]

*My takeaways:* *RIP Professor Winston. I have learnt a lot today, thank you!* 1. We humans only have one language processor, so focus 3:00 *How to start a talk?* 2. Don't start with a joke, start with a promise 4:15 *Some techniques* 3. Cycle on the topic to reinforce it 5:38 4. Build a fence around our ideas, so audiences don't confuse them with the ideas from others 6:32 5. Use verbal punctuation to help audiences re-focus 7:25 6. Ask questions to audiences 8:36 *Time & place* 7. 11am is a good time for the 1st lecture of the day 10:20 8. The place should have good lighting condition, should be cased and reasonably populated 10:55 *Tools: boards, props and slides* 9. Chalks and boards are good for informing and teaching, slides are good for exposing 13:40 10. Chalks and boards are good for showing graphics. You can control the speed of talk to help audiences absorb contents, and use your hand to point a target on board 13:55 11. Props are useful to help audiences think about abstract things 16:50 12. Boards and props are great because empathic mirroring 22:55, i.e. audiences can feel they are doing the writing and demonstration 13. Bad slides contain too many pages and too many words 23:50 14. Audiences can be tired to switch between slides and speaker if they far away from each other 26:11 15. How to create good slides: simplification. Audiences will pay less attention to the speaker if their slides contain too many words 26:30 16. Font size shouldn't be large enough for easy reading 28:49 17. Lazer pointer reduces the speakers' chance to engage (e.g. eye contact) with audiences 29:35, using sign-post in the slides instead 18. Examples: Bad slides vs good slides 31:45 *More techniques* 19. How to inspire your audiences? 36:20 Show your passion for the topic 20. An example of making a promise and showing passion 38:40 21. How to teach people how to think 40:10, Provide them with: - The stories that they need to know - The questions that they need to ask about these stories - The mechanism to analyse these stories - The ways to put together stories - The ways to evaluate reliable stories *Oral exams* 22. People usually fail them because they fail to situate the context and fail to practice 41:47 23. Practice your talk with people who don't know you work 42:38 24. *Job talks* 44:02 *Getting famous* 25. Why should you care about getting famous 48:30, because we want our work to be recognised and we need good communication skills to do that 26. How to get your presentation ideas to be remembered 50:07, we need to have: symbol, slogan, surprise, salient (ideas) and (tell a) story *How to end a talk* 27. Some examples on final slides 53:10, show what you have done (i.e. contributions) and give audiences the time to read them! 28. Final words 56:31: - A joke, his colleagues always end a talk with a joke, so people think they have had fun all the time :) - The phrase "thank you" is a weak move, "thank you for listening" is even worse, it suggests that people listen to your talk because their politeness - Some great endings without saying "thank you" 58:37 - Salute the audiences *His final salute **1:02:40*

[@Amy_Yu2023]

Thanks for sharing. RIP Professor Winston.

[@fc.soccercard]

Thanks for the time stamps!

[@raznatovicanastasija]

By writing this you demonstrated your commitment and understanding. I salute you Lei Xun!

[@leixun]

Zgermud, them turds in my pants boiii! You are welcome

[@JH-ji6cj]

I like what he was saying about _empathic mirroring_ , but when he asked, I thought to myself *discovery* due to the mental action generated by figuring out the answer as it is being written on the board. Kind of a Wheel-of-fortune-effect? Still seems plausible to me anyhow. Thanks for the work you put into this. Your comment, and many others, really convey a deep regard and care for this man.

[@phanbuithanhtrung244]

Prof Winston had a profound effect on my life. I was an Electrical Engineering major when I took Prof Winston's Introduction to AI class in the early 80s. I still remember the excitement I had in his class over almost 40 years later. That course led me to do my Master thesis using AI and EE together and then go on to get a Ph.D. in Computer Science with an emphasis in AI at CMU. That one course changed my trajectory in life. Thank you, Prof Winston, so sorry to see you go. To his family, he made a difference in mine and so many other's lives.

[@adnann5232]

Wow

[@rssony107]

To

[@pratyush4real]

Carnegie melon?

[@nguyentrunghieu7023]

hảo =))

[@luusieuphung]

vải

[@user-so1qd6sh3m]

Serious I wouldn’t have ever imagined we can be as if we are attending an actual MIT lecture back in the 2000s. This is a gift and I think others who are interested in higher education and couldn’t attend due to, let’s say financial reasons can see and learn and even feel what it would feel like to be in class.

[@teesaayegnala7689]

Fr but what year is this from

[@raypalmer5125]

Rest in Peace Professor, Thanks a lot for this wonderful gem of a lecture!

[@MoosaIslamic]

Summary: Opening, Samples, Tools Start: Don't start with a joke. Try an "empowerment promise". 4 Sample heuristics: 1. Cycling 2. Fencing 3. Verbal punctuation 4. Asking a question The Tools: + Time and place 11am is a good time for a lecture. "Well-lit" room is the most important factor. It's also important the lecture room is relatively well-populated and easy to reach. + Boards and props -Try use boards. They give something to do with hands and directs attention. -Use props. They can make ideas much easier to engage with, and to "grasp" easily. Projections: +Slides: Slides should be supplementary, by having few words, simple images and no clutter. +Crimes: Don't use laser pointers or stick pointers. Just talk through the topic. - The "too heavy" crime - Hands-in-pockets crime Information: - Promises - Make it inspirational/astonishing - Show the audience "how to think" by providing them the stories they need to know, the questions they must ask about those stories, mechanisms for analysing those stories, ways of putting stories together, ways of evaluating the reliability of stories. - Structure using vision, steps, contribution framework. - Use symbols, slogans, surprise, salient idea, the story The End: Contribution slide. What you argued, how you argued it, and why it matters. A little joke to sweeten the ending.

[@TimmacTR]

Faith in Humanity: restored.

[@CultofThings]

You forgot end with a joke.

[@MoosaIslamic]

@@CultofThings Thanks. I'll add that :)

[@CultofThings]

@@MoosaIslamic Thanks. I just thought it was an interesting point, to end with a joke rather than start with one. Thank you for the summary and god bless america. :)

[@SD-de4do]

Thank you for the guide, it helps to know in advance.

[@jenniferhorton6965]

Thank you for having recorded and shared this talk. I learned a lot.

[@BeomSeokKang]

Every single word and sentence had meanings. The ending, also, was like a movie ending. What a great lecture.

[@rcarnes3]

I served with Patrick on the Navy Research Advisory Board (sic "Navy Science Board"). Few, very few, would ever tell you that there was anyone in our group with tighter reasoning, more humor, and better presentations. He could engage people on any subject, anytime, anywhere. I am honored to have known him and served with him. Rob Carnes

[@Adiudicium-1776]

Beautiful words, thank you for sharing.

[@Aaron-hq4bu]

- SIGNED SCOTT

[@FlyingMonkies325]

Any subject? that's definitely a lot he was really really smart, i'm smart but like most i prefer what i like doing the most which is specific things while the other things are... cool and good to know but i wouldn't want to spend my life on it lol i'm an eager learner but i couldn't learn something i don't like from the ground up and be happy actually i wouldn't lol, so to learn any subject he must have found it ALL interesting and i wish i did. He was a definitely a Polymath. Schools try to get us interested in all the subjects but it's not possible i'm afraid Polymaths are something special indeed.

[@4philipp]

@@FlyingMonkies325 if you concentrate on concepts, you won’t need to know all the details. It allows you to become knowledgeable on more subject in a shorter timespan

[@FlyingMonkies325]

​@@4philipp Yep i know that but most people just aren't happy learning things they have simply no interest in that's how it is. I defo need all the details though ​on how to do it and any possible ways i can do it in an easier way any "trick" i can possibly use, such as with long division they don't tell you that you can use the first 1 or 2 numbers of the divisor (depending how big the number is) then multiply it close to but under the first 2 numbers of the dividend then whatever number that multiplies to use that to multiply the whole divisor :P you get a 99% accuracy rate using that method. Then on some you may just need to round the divisor up or down to the nearest ten or 100 then multiply but because it's a bit experimental you still may need to lower the number you multiplied the divisor by down by 1 to get the correct answer you then subtract. By not teaching ppl the operations properly and that there's multiple ways to use the numbers to work around it then it makes working around a concept too difficult if not impossible. I have no idea how anyone does anything using only 80% of the details at most and without research lol impossible... i know back in high school my entire class was always confused only 1 or 2 did well cos their parents got them tutors at home, most concepts i can more or less use the standard method but i still tweak it here and there to my understanding if i can't then it's useless, for most concepts only takes me 5 - 6 days to properly learn it then master it unless it's a concept i need to practise a bit more such a fractions.

[@RibeiroLucasDev]

00:16 Introduction 03:11 Rules of Engagement 04:15 How to Start 05:38 Four Sample Heuristics 10:17 The Tools: Time and Place 13:24 The Tools: Boards, Props, and Slides 36:30 Informing: Promise, Inspiration, How to Think 41:30 Persuading: Oral Exams, Job Talks, Getting Famous 53:06 How to Stop: Final Slide, Final Words 56:35 Final Words: Joke, Thank You, Examples

[@junkjunk2493]

thx for your work

[@capowable]

Thanks man😊

[@VeronicaStClair]

This is awesome! Thank you for taking the time to do this!

[@charlesgerety1403]

Uh sir.....*Empathetic 22:50

[@RibeiroLucasDev]

@@charlesgerety1403 It's part of the 13:24 The Tools: Boards, Props, and Slides

[@EricDelgadillo-ue4vo]

Even if it's in amusement points. The whole lecture is gold. He's doing exactly what he's explaining. You have the knowledge, the visuals and an example all in one. I'm in awe.

[@stevenmyo8455]

Thank You for your great contributions to our society, Professor Winston. We will miss you.

[@sneedmando186]

I respect this educator, politely and with humor, but firmly called for attention. Very classy.

[@digiquo8143]

@StoptheWars Anybody can go to any school with a big enough loan.

[@rokpodlogar6062]

it's a new day and age. he's old school, you did see him break the stick, didn't you? :)

[@tombcruisin]

A wonderful talk and a great decision by MIT to have so many lessons available to the public. Rest in peace, Professor Winston.

[@bohnblue4153]

@@mohammedasif9246 idk man what do you thing "rest in peace" means

[@Y0M]

@@bohnblue4153 Professor Winston passed away this year

[@daviddacus8168]

sus it’s not surprising by the way he is breathing unless it’s anxiety but I doubt it. Interesting lecture though so far.

[@harshithvdn1449]

@@Y0M Damn that's sad to know I want to know who is continuing this tradition of this speech in MIT

[@suwanichpatmayothin6917]

For the ordinary people, who are on the side of the planet and had never thought that can access and see how MIT's student learn, this OpenCourse, with ready technology, open the opprtunities for people around the world learn and develop from the world class eductional institute like MIT, Thank you.

[@Steve.Orland]

I remember seeing this in high school and thereafter internally critiquing every presentation I saw from my classmates and even teachers of twenty years! The way I make my PowerPoints and deliver information in front of a room, on those rare occasions throughout each school year and now semester, has forever been positively altered by Dr. Winston. Not everyone understands the difference but I can feel it! Thank you, professor ...

[@susannasu886]

We are grateful that MIT is making lectures like this available to the general public. Allowing Professor Patrick Winston's teaching to reach people beyond the institution, in essence transferring his knowledge to our world beyond his lifetime.

[@adda4yuvaconnect452]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/mGPdqGaGZ9yKbNk

[@PageMarker1]

They should be using these videos in the Community Colleges, it's an MIT education.

[@Lamzyvictory]

What kinda Bullshit is this , babies learn to speak young without any gray hair or white hair.

[@fallboot7992]

+1

[@AmitAgrawal-ud3li]

@@fallboot7992 kzbin.info/www/bejne/rIOyoHR_iNaJmNU

[@user-tj3kn8qy4h]

By FAR the best part of this talk is Professor Winston pursing his lips after his masterful conclusion so as not to say “thank you.” A true man of his craft. Thank you MIT for providing such an awesome lecture for free and thank you Professor Winston for your contributions to our planet. I will definitely be reading more of your works! RIP

[@GordonAlley]

Sitting here alone watching this recorded presentation on my desktop computer, without thinking I automatically began to applaud along with the audience. He made what could have been a mundane topic very educational. I'm not a student -- I'm 74 years old.

[@jamesewanchook2276]

@@samuel9294 you guys are goofy but I like it, Cheers from Vancouver!

[@rommelorlandoruiz633]

[@JK_Clark]

@@Grunchy005 That's the part I remember most, before that is simply an intro to giving presentations. I've been teaching for 16 years, so getting better at being recognised for my achievements is more significant to me than doing my job.

[@mikemegachurch1310]

@@Grunchy005 _They are: Symbol : Slogan : Surprise : Salient Idea : Story_ You maybe right. Im not sure. Can you elaborate so I know what you mean please?

[@meta4282]

we are all students until we die

[@siddjoshi2053]

Rest in peace, Sir.

[@user-cq4sl1ch3z]

I watch this video from time to time to remind myself of how core competency works. Why I should keep practicing. Thank you professor Winston I never met you but you have changed my life. Bless your soul. Rest in peace.

[@snowybee3606]

Thank you Patrick Wilson. I watched to gain insight into accomplishing audio clips for my website. You came through!

[@tinymountain]

I read "On to C" back in college in 1999. It was a super coherent introduction to the C programming language. I remember being really impressed with how the author packaged the information up so effectively. Here I am 22 years later watching this video, and lo and behold, it's the same Professor Winston that wrote that book. What a mind! We're so lucky to have access to the knowledge he left behind.

[@michaelrappaport7660]

well done

[@laurenvaughn3282]

had to give a LIKE and a COMMENT. This was my first exposure, and I laughed aloud about every 15 mins. The guy's genius.

[@fendric7662]

I've been looking into programming languages, I'll be picking up On the C thanks to this comment. Thank you, random internet denizen.

[@fuzzywzhe]

There's a better book than K&R? That was only, what 70-90 pages - and it completely described the entire language, and all concepts of it. It's one of the most dense books I've ever read, and it was the bible of understanding how coding works at a fundamental level. If you learn C properly, moving to another language is trivial. I did assembly after that, and you can see precisely how the language is translated into a machine language in C once you understand how the processor fundamentally works.

[@JessicaGiardina1996]

@@fendric7662 C is a bit outdated, python is lovely as it’s a great OOPL and a favorite for data science and analytics. Happy learning!

[@txcaponeyoungjerry9435]

I like how we can relate to the professor and his form of explanation was magnificent..

[@user-ry2yy5pc3f]

What's amazing about this lesson is that Professor Winston effortlessly followed his own presentation principles

[@abazabaabazaba4177]

To think this guy is an AI teacher but he so eloquently broke down how to communicate is truly impressive. What a great watch.

[@aleksanderbudzynowski3625]

To make significant advances in the field of AI you really must be multitalented-a philosopher, psychoanalyst, systems thinker. AI is not about being a programming whiz. It requires someone with constant insight into what it means to be human. So it's not at all surprising that Prof Winston was an excellent communicator.

[@FlyingMonkies325]

If you want to do it yourself just find your info then squish it down into a more concise and simplified way, people learn best with smaller bits of info at a time rather than a lot it's just easy to follow... turns out even for me and what i was missing for years what we all were clearly not taught. I've been learning Maths on my own and so through writing my own Instructional Notes you see that information is generally scattered around not just online but in books too and so... you need to take it all and then put it into 1 place, but don't compromise on the details that's too much simplification then. If written well then it's useful to always keep it and stay refreshed for yourself too. Some tips from Bloggers are very helpful because you also want to reduce the word count.

[@jakehands]

I had to stop watching after he told everyone to close their laptops.

[@defeatSpace]

lol

[@andraslibal]

This needs more upvotes

[@jenibemomurry7617]

haha nice one'

[@LuisMedina-le6fc]

yes i sure ok

[@Berghiker]

😅

[@otabekabdullayev8822]

WOW!! That's so amazing lecture I've seen by now. Not boring, catchable, simplified, in short great! Appreciate it and thanks for Professor Patrick Winston! (RIP). GOD BLESS YOU ALL! From UZBEKISTAN Otabek.

[@AlexandreHenriquePinheiro]

I've watched this lecture 3x on the past 2 years. The most awesome part of the lecture is the fact that he does exactly what he's explaining about. Like the "cycle thru it", he said that while cycle thru lol. Genius.

[@devon8372]

A lot of this is basically a tutorial on how to teach. Many high school teachers need to watch this.

[@silkepauli1456]

Yes,Yes,Yes

[@charlesvigneron565]

My thought exactly!

[@mtlicq]

@@Ryan-jc7qh yeah. But at University level, teaching is not an issue. It is up to the student to teach oneself with whatever info and guidance the prof exposes. In public school, it is the teacher pushing info/propaganda/study methods, and pupils are sort of passive/compliant. In university, they assume you already learned how to learn, and give you tons of info to capture and process by yourself; not the prof's job to teach.

[@samedy00]

@@mtlicq how are they supposed to know how to learn by the end of the school, if all those years they were just passively feeded with info and propaganda?

[@FlyingMonkies325]

They probably have... but they don't seem to care lol they're still too busy telling us the internet is bogus because their students are starting to not listen and understand we just won't entirely understand their perspective on things and can find something we DO online instead. For the current younger gen they're still trying to get them to only use what they gave them but always always did we need an alternative thing to use to do Research and now we do... they can't handle the idea of letting us go off and have actual brains of our own lol, you see that with Video Classes lol even if they got the material from Math-Aids that everyone can go on LOL and The Curriculum says they can only do that too but it's outdated and frankly restrictive and how they can teach is determined by it too sadly.

[@MrPaulMorris]

"Don't end on 'Thank you'." I'd temper that by saying, use it sparingly. I taught IT in high school and, of my many groups, one was consistently a pleasure to teach: well behaved, motivated, interested in the work and just the sort of class that makes teaching easy rather than a challenge. After two years I felt confident that, so long as they were able to reproduce in the exams what they had shown in class, all would have the ability to gain good final grades. In our final session before they left the school on study leave, after a few last tips on examination techniques and expressing my confidence in them, I concluded with "It has been a real pleasure to teach you over the last two years and I'd just like to close by saying... Good luck and thank you!" This was greeted with a momentary silence then applause from all corners. I was never a teacher who would be listed in the 'inspirational' section by students; workmanlike and methodical was more my style so this came as something of a surprise. I was more surprised some years later to be approached by a young man who introduced himself as one of that group. I didn't recognise him or remember him by name (to be honest, I've always had a terrible memory for names and faces--which was always something of a handicap in my teaching days) but what he said made a lasting impression. He told me that he and his classmates left that last lesson boosted and confident and feeling that my expression of thanks was sincere because it was so unexpected. He said, "A lot of teachers thank you or praise you every time even if you've not done anything special. When you looked over our shoulders at our screens and said 'Good' we were happy. If you said 'Excellent' we thought we'd won a prize--even if it was just for getting the format right for a business letter! When you thanked us for our work and wished us good luck it meant a lot because it was real." 'Thank you' has a place when it is meant sincerely, otherwise it is just hot air and a weak closing.

[@allysonhanks9159]

Hi Paul how are you doing 😉

[@shadowingyou]

I'll agree with that statement. Using common phrases more often than it should ruins the entire legitimacy of emotional impact it was supposed to deliver to begin with. To be honest, the phrase "Thank you" has been entirely ruined because I hear it so often it actively annoys me. Don't thank me unless I had done something significant, I didn't ask for anyone's pity. Don't congratulate me unless I've made a large enough impact. Don't apologize unless there was a strong emotional impact to that of which you feel was too far from the line to cross, specifically don't apologize for what was said, but rather how it was said. It means more to not apologize for the actions but rather the reasoning for those actions, then build the expectations going forward followed by promises to how you'll maintain your promises. It's saddening to see how common these strong emotional impact phrases are being used in such a way that many argue it is supposed to show "emotional support" where the opposite closely follows due to the commonality causing those impacts to be less significant.

[@LeelaSankharM]

​@@shadowingyou i say thank you and sorry often, and i believe iam saying at the right moment. if i hit someone in a moving bus, should i say sorry or i shouldnt because its just an accident and it doesnt had "strong emotional impact to that of which you feel was too far from the line to cross" ?? if someone came to my home even there home is other direction but just to give me something which i forgot in the class, should i thank them for taking there time to visit my home and returning it or i shouldnt because what they did was not significant or they didnt came to my home for my pity.

[@hanatemonstas4485]

@@shadowingyou Sounds like you have some issues to sort out if a simple phrase of goodwill urks you so much. Hope you are able to get the help you need.

[@shadowingyou]

​@@LeelaSankharM If you believe you are saying the phrases at the opportune moments, then that's more power to you. I'm not certain what sort of question you are asking from me though. I've made my point quite clear, say it too often and it loses all meaning. For those who don't often hear these praises or apologies, it can mean the world to them. It's all subjective. My position is not the same as someone else's. Some years ago I had $100.00 on me, driving somewhere. There was a homeless man asking for money on one of those left-turn lanes. I don't know the area you live in so I'm not aware if you'd even know what I mean. But these guys are quite common and I decided to hand him the $100.00 since I was far better off than they were. I've never seen a man break into tears that quickly and be that grateful. Out of curiosity, I done this again to someone else. They never broke a tear and their gratitude was insincere. Value of praise and apologies is different for people, but when someone is obviously begging for money but shows no gratitude, that means something is wrong. Especially if the gift was great, relative to their position. For the second person, it'd be no different than if you were to hand me $100.00. I'd say thanks and move on like nothing happened. For those truly struggling, you'll see the pure form of sincerity and gratitude towards you. There is a place for these sincerities, but knowing when and how to use them should match what's going on. I wish you the best and hope my further explanation further cleared any misunderstandings you had when you first read my comment.

[@user-sh9im1wc3e]

Thank you MIT for putting these lectures on KZbin!

[@Everything_Abbie]

This is such an interesting lecture that is packed full of rich lessons. Professor Winston was a gem.

[@jsjsjs1116]

All my profs need to watch this

[@veden310]

Especially his writings on the board.

[@chrishayes5755]

This professors speech delivery wasn't very powerful or engaging. It was quite dry, monotone, and didn't deliver any hard hitting impact (didn't strike any emotional queues etc). He also constantly "err" and "umms".. this talk has plenty of value, but he doesn't seem to have amazing speech delivery skills (despite the fact he's teaching it).

[@kingsman428]

@@chrishayes5755 You noticed all of that but failed to notice his breathing difficulties indicating poor health.

[@gregorybattis9588]

RIP Professor Winston. Thank you for making this I have learned so much from everyone at MIT including Professor Winston, you will forever be missed.

[@lcopywriter5102]

Such a brilliant, sharp and witty man. But listening to him breathe as he spoke made me deeply apprehensive for his health. One more lesson to take away: get control of your weight, no matter what it takes.

[@AnthaKharana]

He was huffing and puffing, out of breath, pale as a sheet... Poor man, RIP

[@drgeorgetayloriii4280]

You were so fortunate to have him! Great lecture.

[@ragnaraxelson59]

Did he died?

[@gaanabajana9343]

How to give a Awesome Talk/Presentation ? Part-1:kzbin.info/www/bejne/qoC6gZl_rb-gg6c Part-2: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nIakp5uVr6iUqtU Part-3:kzbin.info/www/bejne/aKnaY3uLn7mXj68 Part-4:kzbin.info/www/bejne/aanagpaFZb2Wn5o Part-5:kzbin.info/www/bejne/faWqYYWYgc1nr9E

[@hernatundag601]

Wow, I am astonished. Thank you professor Winston for sharing your wisdom and knowledge with us.

[@Mr.chandravanshi_0II0]

we all are blessed to witness professor like sir winston 😍.

[@seonaxus]

When I was young, my father passed on the wisdom about presentations he'd been taught in business in the 80s. One slide should contain the prompts and diagrams for at least five minutes of talking. In other words if you are giving a 20 min business presentation, you should, at most, have four fairly basic slides. You are there to talk and be listened to, if you would prefer people be reading then write and distribute a report

[@NazriB]

Lies again? Speak Sensual

[@reasonerenlightened2456]

no more than 2 minutes per slide due to human attention span. Learn from advertising. Each slide is one advert. Bang-bang-bang, their minds must be made to lose control of reality. Only then you could plant your ideas in their heads. Make that sale, boy.

[@iancasey1486]

I agree. Too many slide transitions only serves as distractions. Not having slides on long enough, the listener "reader" would not be able to digest what was written. The audience would have the choice to STOP listening so that they can rapidly read the slide before it's removed. Or they'll STOP reading the slides to avoid any distractions to what is said. Slides used only to prompt the speaker is not for the audience consumption. Also, another salient point is that on KZbin our comments are based on what is showen in the videos NOT on the experience of the live audience! Though it may be convenient to be able to rewind and pause the videos, it's also annoying to have the same done to the audio content. IMHO

[@Fredrikbb]

correct. There's a great video here on youtube called "Death by Powerpoint".

[@iancasey1486]

@@reasonerenlightened2456 Advertising is different as it serves to peek curiousity/grab attention for a short while and not to impart information! A very short intro to a talk is like an ad - "what, why I should continue listening?"

[@hfweuiofnweuio500]

"please put the laptop away" me watching him on a laptop not knowing what i should do.

[@JJ-oc1vo]

same bro

[@TehShrike]

When he said that I fullscreened the video and sat down a few feet away

[@GOA_Pictures]

@@TehShrike great job, did the same

[@alexthegreat7518]

lol same

[@yigitylmaz3585]

The moment he said that I immediately searched for this comment lol

[@chrlmmartin7776]

One of best lectures I've ever heard. This dude is a good teacher.

[@prezsenna3785]

Amazing Lecture by Mr.Winston. The way he seperated each piece of the communication process and explained the thought process behind it is just amazing. Thanks to MIT for making this courseware avaialable.

[@maxhax4243]

Rest in peace Patrick. What an amazing course, I'm glad I could spend an hour learning about this from you, along with now over 10 million other viewers. Amazing.

[@md.musfikurrahmansifar5302]

he Died?

[@orfeoassiti6669]

@@md.musfikurrahmansifar5302 yeah, in this course he was already pretty sick and his condition worsened

[@NotstarvinMarvin]

@@orfeoassiti6669 I thought he just had bad conditioning lol. He idd does not seem healthy here.

[@YTpoloz]

Wow that sad I didn’t know that

[@DigiLiterate]

@@orfeoassiti6669 I can see him breathing heavily in the beginning itself.

[@sama-mb6xq]

How to speak: 53:04

[@pratikkodial5428]

what a wonderful session.. truly extraordinary. Thank you MIT!! and Prof Winston for doing this for people like me who were not smart enough to get into MIT

[@user-xm8wz5sg2p]

I'm very grateful for all of these MIT Open Course Ware videos. I'm from the Netherlands and have studied at three different colleges here, without graduating once because I could not drag myself through the motions. I wanted to become an educator but the courses here are very blinkered and unimaginative. I started my own business instead in hopes of having a positive, fresh and creative influence on education in the Netherlands as a whole. We provide educational material that teachers and professors can use in their own classes and lectures as they see fit. This, these online lectures and hours of free, easily accessible and diverse knowledge are a true gift! Eventhough I never graduated from college or university, I am still able to broaden my horizons by watching these videos and studying their contents in my spare time! This lecture in particular helped me with the many pitches I get to give at schools. Thank you for this.

[@gab882]

Me at the start of the lecture : This grumpy looking old man is going to teach me how to speak? Me at the end of the lecture : This is one of the greatest speakers of all time...

[@EranM]

I've learnt from Patrick over the internet for a long time. I just wanted to comment: "Patrick I want you to live forever!" And than I read a comment: "Rest In Peace.". God damnit! PATRICK WAS SO GOOD!!!!!!!! I wish I could have been his student..

[@philyuan583]

By learning from him you remember his ideas, which, as he put, are like his children. His body dies but his ideas live on - in his students, in his audience, in you and me. Rest In Peace Mr Winston.

[@RaviKiran-nv5dw]

Adding a few things. Voice modulation (Volume, Pace, Pause and Expression) also plays a very important part. In the conclusion two points are important. Firstly a Summary or Recap will help. Secondly Application or 'What's in it for me' will reinforce the talk better.

[@LegitkawasakiX]

This helped me land a job that I don’t qualify for and have no business doing. Thanks man

[@animebros9214]

you telling truth?

[@ronaldgarrison8478]

I think this happens a hell of a lot more than most people want to acknowledge.

[@MrAdriaxe]

@@animebros9214 the world is full of people doing jobs they aren't qualified for. It's the Peter Principle.

[@animebros9214]

@@MrAdriaxe cool

[@clintfrench8629]

@@MrAdriaxe nepotism too

[@nills2099]

Mark learned to speak so we could bust a move. Truly one is the people is all time.

[@Wiikid777]

24:00

[@WLF0X]

You clearly didn't learn much from this 📝

[@nills2099]

@@WLF0X what do you mean

[@Boltclick]

@@WLF0X He was concise and to the point. What more could you want?

[@francisco-id9zg]

@@nills2099he’s mainly talking about public speaking

[@commenteroftruth9790]

that last part about how to end a talk was very very impactful on the entirety of the talk. This was some good lore.

[@mrvfino]

Thanks for this! Learned a lot from it. The fact that it's kinda meta because he's utilizing what he's presenting in real time is really cool.

[@SeverelyoursTV]

This is the most meta presentation, of any content, that my mind has ever encountered. At any and probably all points of this presentation, he had done, was doing or was going to do what he already said, was saying or was going to say.

[@aleksanderbudzynowski3625]

You should read "Gödel, Escher, Bach".

[@otisjacksonjunior9795]

@@aleksanderbudzynowski3625 the moment he pulls up the slide with the recursive image of him looking at the slide of himself was peak meta.

[@jeff__w]

The meta quality of the presentation made it spectacular. Prof. Winston never failed to demonstrate _exactly_ what he was talking about. (I wonder where that fits in in his talk.)

[@danielmartin7838]

Circling around, I thought.

[@alaypatel6050]

Whats ur language 😂😂😂

[@AstroflipRecordings]

"I don't recommend starting your talk with a joke." *Everyone laughs*

[@nati1025]

Yeah I think he was being Sly right there, intellectuals like to use Sly humor

[@AstroflipRecordings]

@@nati1025 Yeah, it was really clever and subtle. My favorite type of humor.

[@pizzaboy3946]

And if no one laughed, he'd covered his back.

[@Juksemakeren]

That was not the start of his talk

[@Mutantcy1992]

@@Juksemakeren Exactly. He's 4 and a half minutes into his talk and he started his talk with the promise of empowerment he says to start a talk with. I guess some people weren't paying attention

[@shivamchouhan5077]

Thank you so much I had never spoken a single word in my life until this video

[@guitar_md]

I have pretty severe ADHD and watched this entire lecture. And was really shocked that I did. What was especially interesting was how my perception of him changed from the beginning to the end. I started off with my head in the clouds as I usually do, and when he mentioned the importance of repetition because most people will be in a fog at multiple points during a presentation, my ears perked up. Suddenly I felt like this went from a normal lecture to something a lot deeper. And by the end, it was a complete transformation. Including the joke about "I tell a joke at the end so people will think they've been having fun the whole time." That hit right on the nose. I was listening intently from the beginning, but it transformed from this air of seriousness to something more personal by the end, where he really made an impression about the kind of person he was. I went into this knowing absolutely nothing about this guy, and I'm also a college dropout so it's not like I'm well seasoned in these things. Just absolutely blew my mind how he tied everything together by the end and how absolutely and brilliantly self-contained this entire presentation was. For someone like me to be enthralled by something like this, and to have paid attention for the entire duration of it without shifting my attention to anything else, really speaks volumes about what happens when you develop your communication skills to such a high level.

[@vijaysaisundar1525]

I can relate to you on this so much, at first i was losing my attention after 7 mins but i forced myself to watch it, but after that point where he explains how people get fogged brain my attention was towards him for the rest of the video. Im glad that i can watch this lecture from the other side of the world

[@mrslisajckson]

He's wonderful. He started by giving everyone confidence that they can succeed at communicating.

[@SakuraWulf]

I thought I was screwed 50 seconds in.

[@GS1GS1]

Was**

[@asifearningskil8476]

Nice

[@pro369]

That s the way it should be, building a sensational rapport, inject confidence

[@pro369]

Glad to be ur first subscriber. All the best

[@JohnKooz]

I truly loved this class. It was rich with valuable information delivered at a simultaneously easy-going pace but with a powerful impact. I found this "easy to install" information to improve your public speaking skills.

[@seigeengine]

This was a surprisingly easy and stimulating watch, which is evidence enough of Winston's skill at effective communication.

[@johnparadise3134]

5:52 I’ve always heard: First, tell them what you’re going to tell them. And then tell them. And then tell them what you told them.

[@andydragtstra4707]

Very interesting lecture, I got a presentation at my internship coming up and will use your knowledge for sure. Thank you.

[@iwayansuandi]

The fact that this lecture is free is amazing. Love the internet❤. Thanks to all bodies that allow it to be uploaded on the net

[@adamenroute3800]

It is interesting that his subject of "heaviness" or "not enough air" can be applied to jazz music. When soloing/improvising you don't want to fill every space you possibly can. You need to allow the listener time and space to digest. Same with his "cycling ideas" idea. During soloing you want to repeat themes to draw the listener back in. Great talk.

[@Becca6296]

Yeees my Dad was a jazz musician also passed in 2019 and was a science enthusiast offered courses locally

[@drew6524]

Also during soloing in jazz it is enchanting to use permutations (CEAG Instead of CAEG) or even GAEC (theme backwards) as our ears pick up these mathematical connections as aesthetic when our brains don’t notice it. And of course syncopation and “reverse syncopation” (pre beat notes) can give urgency or smoothness to the melody. Often musicians will create “cells” like a mode or scale made out of the notes played in the theme. Maybe 5 notes less or more, but improvised scales and patterns restricted to the notes used in the main theme will contain and continue the “flavour” of the song while allowing you to perform something seemingly different. Listen to Dolphy’s arpeggio version of God Save the Child for instance

[@Tom-kt8lu]

and a whisper can be much louder than a scream

[@osamana7163]

I think it applies to everything that is consumed in some way

[@raybergstrom]

Ha I was thinking the same thing as I was watching!

[@zachariasorfanos7583]

Been telling my students for years to never finish a talk with “thank you for your attention”. He explains why. And so much more. What an amazing lecture.

[@codygilleland]

I was blessed to see this lecture in person and I always come back to watch online before any important presentation. Thank you Prof. Winston. Your impact lives on.

[@leonskrilec]

How to speak (or how to write a blog post): 1. START WITH PROMISE You have to tell people what they will know at the end of the conversation (reading) that they didnt know before. It is an empowerment promise. It is the reason for being here. 2. Cycle on the subject Tell them what you wanna tell them, tell them again then tell them again 3. Verbal punctuation When people listen or read they often fog out, their minds wander and you have to let them know when it is a good time to get back on. 4. Ask a question. The questions cant be too hard, because then nobody will answer and questions cant be too easy because then people will be embaressed to say the answer. 7 seconds is a perfect time to wait for an answer. 5. Time and place 11am is the best time to have a lecture (to publish a blog post??) Place - well lit place (well lit webpage). Place should be cased and reasonably populated (reading counter on website or featured content - most read content) 6. Show your hands If you are hiding them behind your back or in your pockets it looks like you are hiding something. 7. Props Use a prop to show example - to present a problem (solution) in a new and illuminating way. On the web you can use visualisations or animations. 8. Empathetic mirroring When speaker or writet uses a prop or use a blackbord listeners empathize with them and feel like they are writing on a blackboard or use props 9. Slides Not too many words. Do not read from the slides. Slides are complements to what you are saying. No dostracting background. Simplify. Keep attention on you, not on the slides. 10. Always face the audience Do not use the laser pointer, because you have to trun away from the audience. 11. Exhibit passion about what you are doing That is one way to inspire people. People are mostly inspired by other people who are very passionate about what they are doing and know how to exhibit that passion. Provide a promise upfront and express some passion about what you are talking about. 12. Job talk Have a vision - a problem you are trying to solve and an approach you use to solve this problem. Show that you have done something. You have 5 mins to express a vision and show your work. After expressing your vision you conclude with enumerating your contributions. 13. Get famous Why get famous? You get used to be famous. But you never get used to being ignored. Your ideas are like children and you have to have techniques to present them in a way that they get valued and that they are recognized for the value that is in them. This is why it is a legitimate thing to concern yourself with packaging. 14. Get remembered Have some kind of symbol. Let people recognize your work, your ideas by this symbol. You need some kind of slogan, a kind of phrase that provides a handle on the work. You need a surprise. You do not need million examples of something to learn. You can have one example if you use it appropriately. Salient idea - idea that sticks out. Too much good ideas are often ignored. You need one idea that sticks out. Tell the story of how you did it, how it works, why it is important. 15. How to stop? Dont conclude with collabolators. Mention them in the beginning. Do not end the talk with Questions? slide. You should end your talk (article) with letting people know of who you are. People are interested in what you have done. Your final slide should be labeled Contributions. It is ok to conclude your talk with a joke - because of a Peak-end-bias people will think they had fun all the time. It is a sign of weakness if you conclude with Thank you (for listening). It suggests everybody stayed here that long out of politeness and that they had a desire to be somewhere else.

[@zombietechz8361]

thank you for taking the time to write this! :)

[@jotey5129]

Fantastic summary. Captured all the key points.

[@breeviewAWAKENING]

How to leave a comment. Nailed it, Leon!

[@valeriapritchett9445]

Thanks for those good pointers.. It was very helpful

[@blxxdsauxce8758]

Truly amazing the methodology, the system he has created.

[@adm1san]

I will re-watch this lecture for sure

[@bigsky1970]

This lecture explains why so many Ted Talks can appear to be engaging, but you end up not learning much from them. I've never been much of a fan of PowerPoint presentations, for the very reasons Prof. Winston pointed out.

[@owendubs]

I'm pretty sure the intended takeaway was that PowerPoints are a tool that's commonly misused. I agree with you though, speakers that use slides as a crutch are pretty lame.

[@nati1025]

I was thinking some similar thoughts, I would like him to give diagnosis of several TED Talks

[@DavidAndrewsPEC]

@@nati1025 Sadly, having died, he can't do that. But, because of this lecture, we can. And we should! This may have been a non-disclosed empowerment promise! ;)

[@nati1025]

@@DavidAndrewsPEC I was not aware of that

[@DavidAndrewsPEC]

@@nati1025 I only found out whilst watching this, so don't worry about not knowing. I wasn't being a smart-arse ... just lamenting that both you and I would have loved to have seen him dissect a bunch of TED talks. However - given what he gave us in this lecture - we're pretty well equipped to go and dissect them ourselves now. ;)

[@spandanhetfield]

He was the first professor I took a class with at MIT. He would tell amazing stories of the days AI was in it infancy, stories of people like Gerry Sussman, Sam Papert and Marvin Minsky. In the last class he said something which I have taken on along as his greatest teaching - "You can do it. Only you can do it. But you can't do it alone" :) Rest in peace Professor Winston, and thanks for all your teachings through your life :)

[@caseba]

Lucky these students to have a very respectable and knowledgeable and inspiring professor

[@LarryLawfer]

I miss Patrick, he was an exceptional human, husband, parent, professor and good guy.

[@laurentbourgeoisgauthier4214]

am impressed by he's quality and clarity just wow he was sharp

[@shashi_kamal_chakraborty]

Well, I think the title of the video should have been "How to give a Talk/Lecture". It's not about "How to Speak". Great one.

[@imuhtalhakhan]

I loved the talk, Lots of wishes for Winston.

[@addicted_traveler]

Very well presented. Happy to see how I can apply these principles to my work. The challenging thing is having these presentations virtually. I would be interested to hear the professors perspective on virtual presentations.

[@aptmix]

KZbin is the greatest tool on the planet. MIT lectures for free. So much information at our fingertips all we have to do is seek it out. Amazing.

[@pierdolio]

“Not a dynamic speaker” I thought but I watched for over an hour because the thoughts presented were so compelling.

[@AetheriusLamia]

It was more how he presented them -- disarmingly captivating because he focused your attention on his person without the fast visuals common to KZbin videos.

[@louieberg2942]

It bolsters his point. The way he spoke is in itself not engaging. It was rather slow, interspersed with drinking and the effects of age on the lung capacity. If he did not employ his own ideas on speaking, he'd probably be quite dull. Yet, he managed to be captivating and he got his point across. Through humour, guiding the viewers' attention to where it needed to be, and by giving and demanding a degree of respect, it was a great talk by a man who knows what he is doing.

[@rokpodlogar6062]

you could hear in his breathing his stamina was very low.

[@yoonsunchoe3658]

His lecture is an excellent example that when we have superb contents, we don't have to sing and dance to embellish the style of delivery. No disrespect to marketing, but great products sell themselves.

[@twodogzdogue8710]

Surprising how within 10min I could concentrate completely on everything he was talking about, well planned & interspersed with his likeable dry wit. What is amazing is that I have ADD & have serious trouble holding thought processes, like if I'm listening to someone but what I don't understand is, this talk wasn't totally of interest to me (because I thought the talk was about how to speak well) - what I'm trying to say is he kept my attention even though I am not a College age person or even still in the workforce & doubt I will ever be standing in front of a group of people giving a talk, that's for sure. He must've surely had a great gift to keep me interested. Vale Mr Winston 💐 The cycle continues 👏

[@HemantKumar-pe2zp]

What a wonderful and insightful lecture it was I came across on KZbin ever. I certainly enjoyed it throughout the time I was watching it, and definitely can say at this point of time after watching it completely that I would absolutely look forward to watching it again nearly in the future. 😇