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The Mars Automatic Pistol (aka the Webley-Mars) was a semi-automatic pistol developed in 1900 by British gun designer Hugh Gabbett-Fairfax (1849-1920). It was one of the first semi-automatic pistols designed in Britain.
The Mars Automatic Pistol was rejected by the British War Office in 1902 as a possible replacement for the Webley & Scott revolver, then in service with the British Army, because of massive recoil, considerable muzzle flash, and mechanical complexity.
The captain in charge of tests of the Mars at the Naval Gunnery School in 1902 described it as "a nightmare" and noted, that "no one who fired once with the pistol wished to shoot it again". Shooting the Mars pistol was described as "singularly unpleasant and alarming".
The Mars Automatic Pistol was first manufactured by Webley & Scott and later by gunmakers in Birmingham and London. It was available in the calibers 8.5mm Mars, 9mm Mars, .45 Mars Long and .45 Mars Short (not to be confused with 9mm Parabellum and .45 ACP).
It used a unique long recoil rotating bolt action which ejected spent cartridges straight to the rear, and the feed mechanism was unusual in that it pulled cartridges backwards out of the magazine and then lifted them up into the breech face.
Manufacture of the Mars Automatic Pistol ceased in 1907. Its inventor Hugh Gabbett-Fairfax ended up bankrupted since the project was funded almost entirely on his own personal funds.
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