a nuclear physics primer

[@Oahkoah]

Uploaded with perfect timing to watch in the bath (alkaline bathwater with lemon)

[@FaxanaduJohn]

No one wants to hear what you’re doing in the bath whilst watching this video.

[@fixmehanicar]

Only if its Organic lemon. Othervise not interested. 😂

[@ryanamendt8363]

I snorted reading this. Good job.

[@TheEveryd]

Comments like this prove her channel is a society. We live in a society where fans want referential comments that make us giggle. 😂

[@Sean_but_Not_Heard]

Alkaline bath… With LEMON

[@ruileite2634]

"I have not seen the Barbie movie yet so i don't know how much the average person knows of this very famous german physicist." Now that is a joke that will be indecipherable in a few years. 😅

[@AnnoyingNewsletters]

Barbie can have any career she wants. Well, except maybe the _math is hard_ talking Barbie, which could have been fixed if talking Ken said, _Yeah, math _*_is_*_ hard._

[@scottsanford1451]

I haven't seen the Barbie movie yet either. ROFL. But I just realized that we DO live in a society. NO HALF DONUTS!

[@floydjohnson7888]

The "Barbieheimer" weekend set up the possibility for the strangest double feature in the history of moviegoing-and the possibility of Mattel developing "Nuclear Physicist Barbie", equipped with a mini-Tokamak for her fusion research.

[@floydjohnson7888]

Come to think of it, a Tokamak (used for nuclear fusion research) contains a "magnetic bottle" that's usually shaped like a donut

[@GH-oi2jf]

Physicist? I thought he was a butcher.

[@birkett83]

I've heard that if you try to chop up a proton it takes so much energy that you end up with two protons. It would be kinda cool if donuts worked this way.

[@nyrdybyrd1702]

Quarks actually but your avarice remains valid. 😁

[@tildessmoo]

Any hadron, really, but most are so unstable that they stop being hadrons before any attempt could be made to tear them apart. After nucleons, the most stable hadrons are two-quark mesons, which have half-lives measured in fractions of a second (iirc, the half life of neutral pions is something like 5ns). They're still a good example of the concept, though, since it's easier to explain how the binding energy being greater than the rest-mass-energy of the composite particle will result in copying the particle if an attempt is made to tear it apart when 1. There's only two elementary particles in the composite (simpler system) and 2. There's already an equal number of particles and anti-particles in the system.

[@rainbowkrampus]

"How do you slice a donut? First, you create a universe."

[@dixztube]

Or a dollar just for you. No one else then that would be baaad

[@coolsenjoyer]

Just make an anti-gluon knife. How hard could that be?

[@hollowjoker6295]

I think that will be my quote when dealing with silly questions. "We live in a society no one wants half a donut".

[@Unsensitive]

One could argue, looking at our obesity epidemic.. Cakes seem to be discreet in our society as well.

[@reav3rtm]

Or to be on the wrong side of history 😂

[@bryandraughn9830]

""When are you going to have those reports for me?" Go!😅

[@lolmanthecat]

"but we live in a society. Nobody wants half a donut. Do you want to be on the wrong side of history?" I died.

[@danmacarro]

best!

[@petevenuti7355]

Make Möbius donuts Like as in: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rGWkin1tgMSZg68si=OoHaDGH5xC6Wu_RU

[@PhoqueIt]

No I do-not

[@scottsanford1451]

Absolutely Perfect. No notes.

[@logosera]

But who wants to be the guy who gets no donut?

[@coffeeisdelicious]

"I suck at youtube like it's my job to suck at youtube." Gurl pls, you are the only youtuber I can think of who can hold peoples' attention with just you, the topic, and your explanations alone. No clever editing to splice in tons of different footage, no music, just you. You are fantastic. Keep it up 👏👏👏

[@jordanayling9841]

That subtle pause and look to the camera after you said "E=mc²" was priceless.

[@thylacoleonkennedy7]

3:39 I feel like this would be the start to a George-centred Seinfeld episode. "They didin't bring enough donuts so they _cut_ them? What is this, the stone age?! Just buy another! It's inhuman. It cracks the frosting, it makes the dough all mushy. Disgusting I tell you"

[@nyrdybyrd1702]

🎯

[@jamesarthurkimbell]

JERRY: She cracked the frosting? GEORGE: She cracked the frosting, Jerry! She's a frosting cracker. JERRY [shaking head]: Unbelievable.

[@Jeremagpie]

I feel like George is the type to defend cutting donuts. Like he'd bring too few donuts for a work function and would say "oh no problem, let's just cut them in half!" since he's too cheap to just go buy more donuts

[@nyrdybyrd1702]

😂🤣😂 This is gold, guys, toupee wearing, red-dot gold.. keep em coming . 🙏

[@GH-oi2jf]

Best recent donut joke was in New Yorker. A woman logs into her Zoom meeting and says “Good morning, everybody - I brought donuts!”.

[@alexanderwolf-reber4585]

I made my PhD at the GSI lab in Germany. Along the hall of the linear accelerator they had all those chemistry labs. Which where used as store rooms in the 90s. When the lab was founded back in the 70s there were predictions about this island of stability that let them believe they could create gramms of this stuff and it would live long enough to do chemistry. Turned out both the predicted cross sections and half lifes were off by a few orders of magnitue. However GSI found many of the z>100 elements over the years, but no chemists ever got their hands on them.

[@seasidescott]

just have to create them within chemists; an exciting concept on so many levels.

[@ZombieLincoln666]

Proton therapy?

[@charlesparr1611]

Every time I watch one of your videos, I become a bigger fan. I have no mathematical literacy, so I will never truly understand any of these things, but unlike most people, I am AWARE of my ignorance. I think that is why I enjoy your videos so much. You make its patently obvious that this is the dumbed down version for non scientists, but you manage to make it friendly, sympathetic for our inability, and generous with your time and effort to help us understand why this stuff is important, why it's interesting, and perhaps most importantly you make it clear that what is holding us back is not stupidity, but a lack of the tools and previous education. This makes you both entertaining for an old tradesman like me, but also potentially inspiring for those who might be considering educational choices in their futures. You have a gift that few have, the ability to advocate for reason and rationality, the knack for making it fun, and the opportunity to make an impact. More importantly, you recognized all this and you actually did it. This is literally making a difference, literally changing the world one video at a time. Thank you, and please never stop, because even though a lot of us don't deserve it, we need you and those like you to pull us out of these times and into the future.

[@petevenuti7355]

If were up to me your comment should be pinned on top, but she's probably too modest to do it herself so everybody give it as many thumbs up as possible!!!

[@InfernoTowelLoL]

this is extremely kind of you to say and she completely deserves it

[@theprinceofinadequatelighting]

Here's how I tackle the "space is big" thing. People will say "in an infinite universe, literally everything is possible!!!11" And I say, no. Infinite instances does not mean infinite possibility. There are an infinite number of numbers between zero and one but none of them are two. (Also callback to like two minutes ago when you were talking about continuous vs discrete variables)

[@WilliamWallace14051]

"The Schrodinger equation is all fun and games when it's the harmonic oscillator" really should be on merch.

[@jabberwock2517]

The Schrodinger equation is all fun and games until somebody splits a proton. Then it's just fun.

[@g.v.6450]

The Schrödinger Equation is all fun and games until the wave function collapses: COLLAPSES I TELL YOU! 🤣🤣🤣

[@eddie5484]

It's all fun and games until somebody uses an i 😛

[@NickC84]

Love your content, It's refreshing to have someone explain thing with all the "Real world" messiness and not hand wave away things to make it more simple. But I'll be honest. I'm equally here for the off topic rants and strong feelings towards minor things. Next office gathering with donuts I'm cutting mine into small pieces before I eat it, Just to watch the uncomfortable stares from everyone.

[@bowenmadden6122]

"Do you have braces?" "Nope." "Then why'd you cut it into....??"

[@starvalkyrie]

Discrete counting explained with baked snacks, plus a cameo from glass is everything. We're off to a good start.

[@jkmott59]

I cannot imagine how much easier physics would have been when I was in school if I’d had access to stuff like this channel or 3brown1blue, just crystal clear conversational discussions that help you see the map of things . They don’t replace working out problems, because that’s where the muscles are built, but they at least frame things in a way where you know where you’re going

[@draelyc]

You had me at "We live in a society." I *love* your informative & accessible content, but I subscribed for your style & perspective. :)

[@iLLadelph267]

all I could hear was George Costanza 😂

[@judeffr]

Cutting the doughnut puts you on the wrong side of history 😂

[@Eisog]

I have watched like 5 or 6 of your videos now and every time I look at the video length and I'm like "no way I end up watching this whole thing" and then I do. So thank you, I love your videos and I'm probably gonna go watch all of them now

[@JT-rg7kl]

Me too... Every. Single. Time!

[@jasonadams7308]

I think you've found the weird island of stability for KZbin. Like sure your videos aren't polished but they're just so good.

[@TheGoodMorty]

"Atomic Aliens, Bundled Baryons, Continuous Cakes, and Discrete Donuts" is what the title should have been

[@tildessmoo]

I think the upper limit to theoretical proton number is supposed to be where the nucleus is too large for a virtual meson to cross the nucleus before decaying, meaning that it's literally impossible (well, really so statistically unlikely that we'll never see it happen, because that's how quantum physics works) for the one side of the nucleus to be bound to the other by the strong force, making the coulomb force shoving protons apart effectively the only force acting on the outer shell. I seem to recall reading that there's a little disagreement about whether that size would be reached before or after the island of stability, because the math to predict the actual shape of a large nucleus gives multiple answers, and there's no consensus on whether the island of stability for proton number will allow the number of neutrons to be reduced enough to shrink the physical size of the nucleus without becoming unstable just from the z/n ratio being off. So I guess we'll just have to do actual experiments to find out.

[@joshhartwig1266]

I love how she has a bunch of advanced math and physics books and then a Home Depot book about fixing caulking and toilets lol.

[@rogeriogouvea7278]

You are the person I fear whenever I open my webcam

[@rawnet101]

@@rogeriogouvea7278^ just brilliant!

[@JDBlunderbuss]

As a new fan of your videos and a complete layman when it comes to nuclear physics, this is just the kind of video I love to see

[@Zothaqqua]

I bet if we collided donuts at high speed inside a donut-shaped accelerator we'd be able to divide them into all sorts of smaller confections. It would certainly be an advance on the cheese chamber, where particles passing through curds in an advanced stage of encurdlement form cheeses of many types [ref: Weller 1985]

[@Appletank8]

1 donut at sufficient velocity, please

[@filipvytrisal1134]

This is the best content for my lazy Sunday afternoon. The silicon video was awesome as well! Cheers

[@dixztube]

Science Sunday!

[@brettgoldsmith9971]

I once had a conversation with a professor who worked on the LIGO project. Legitimately the coolest physicis conversation I have ever had, maybe the coolest ever. They might even deserve half of the funding they have stolen.

[@gabor6259]

How do you steal funding?

[@brettgoldsmith9971]

@@gabor6259 it was in reference to something she said in her video

[@malashebad6181]

I personally love "magic numbers" and "doubly magic" as names. It's giving Number Theory naming conventions, hehe. Btw thanks for having folders full of rants about sexism (and transphobia) in physics. If ppl started to take that more seriously because of science communicators like yourself I might feel comfortable going back grad school for pure math

[@owangejewice]

Incarnacion: "Those clothes look expensive." Nacho: "Yes, but beneath the clothes, we find a man. And beneath the man, we find his...nucleus."

[@stonecoldcarebear]

A Nacho Libre quote! I love this community 😊

[@kodaminclyde327]

those eagle eggs didn't give me no powers!... no NUTRIENTS!!!

[@miroslav3919]

Mendeley, of course, was a silicon alien that misled our understanding of elements just enough to make us think that the existence of silicon aliens is unlikely. 😌

[@Endominius]

As the credits rolled I was thinking "But what about the island of stability?" Now I feel so coooool 😊, even though I don't truly understand any of this I have a handle to hang on to. Thank you.

[@williamyalen6167]

Yes! As the final credits roll, there's that theatrical long pause, her eyes dart around furtively, and in a conspiratorial whisper, says "Only the Cool People are left..." Absolutely *brilliant*!!

[@scottsanford1451]

My dude. You have a free range mind. It is a sublime experience watching your brain work as you explain physics. You are the Science Educator of the future. Exquisite.

[@eitkoml]

acollierasagantro

[@lucasfarted]

The folder edit at 22:30 was fricken hilarious. Thanks for educating and entertaining me!

[@russellprophet]

The fact that you’re channel is somewhat successful gives me some hope for our species.

[@wpbn5613]

you honestly have one of my favorite presentation styles. you just seem so intelligent and knowledgable while coming across as someone who's very grounded and good at speaking in an extremely approachable way

[@TheJunmengo]

Does anyone else get a chuckle every time Dr. Collier says "All that good stuff" ? Also, new drinking game

[@iancareyjazz]

See also: "It's fine, it's fine"

[@stevecastiglione8901]

i chuckle through most of these...

[@basic48]

I love your style of presentation. Your science is accurate but you present it as a human with charisma and personality. Wonderful work.

[@fran13r]

13:36 I felt in my soul the sheer amount of willpower it took you to not go on a tangent about the nuclear force right then and there 😂

[@PigtailSock]

I love that I get nuclear physics suggestions in my feed now. Cheers to you! I love getting reliable basic science info. ❤

[@andrewkeeler4291]

Fantastic primer. A someone whose PhD research was relevant to this, was a little sad not to see Ni also called out as having two doubly-magic isotopes, but I get that 78Ni is potentially a bit "current events" for a primer.

[@GH-oi2jf]

George Gamow - pronounced Gam ov (or off) - was one of my earliest inspirations in science, through his book “1,2,3 … infinity”. Published in 1947, it was available in paperback a few years later and was probably the first book I ever bought. Many people my age (old) cite it as their first serious science book.

[@michaelmicek]

First name pronounced "Joe". "To Igor, who wants (or wanted to be) a cowboy" (but actually ended up in biology). Also came here to shout into the void that "primer" in this usage is pronounced with a short I, like "primmer".

[@lopezb]

I love these! Comments: also, a “plumb bob” is a weight on a string used by carpenters to have a vertical line…originally of lead, yes also used by plumbers for joining pipes….and so we say a wall is “plumb” if it’s straight vertical.

[@lopezb]

Great video. I learned so much, painlessly!

[@DarkskiesSiren]

Love your video as usual. My only “gripe” (not actually a real gripe just wanted to comment on the matter, happy accidental pun) with this video is that some of the elements we have not been able to play that much with, I feel… like if we had enough of it we could but they have to be created with a lot of effort and it’s very difficult to accumulate enough of them to truly “play” with them. Like maybe with enough of one of the heaviest elements mixed with something else we could get some really funky emergent properties. Sure we know what the individual atom’s behaviors might be based on measurements, but we don’t have a comprehensive understanding of all the emergent properties of everything. We are still working on that.

[@IsomorphicPhi]

For someone how have seen you previous videos, "did you know that doughnut icing is a type of glass?" was a laugh out loud moment

[@Ann_T_Social]

Me, in the kitchen with co-workers - "This donut/muffin/cruller/bearclaw is too big, I'll cut it in half". Also me, 10 minutes later when everyone's dispersed ~ goes to get the other half, plus another whole in case I get hungry later.

[@iancareyjazz]

Hypothesis: half a donut will invariably be reunited with its other half (in your stomach). This is the source of the fifth force of nature

[@totlyepic]

27:50 I was 4 minutes too late to edit the Wikipedia article; it was already done. Congrats to Qwuk for beating me to the punch. You aren't cited, though. There's no citation for noticing a mistake and removing it lol.

[@TMQwuke]

Ah that was me. It's not appropriate to cite a KZbin video on the page or in the edit summary unfortunately, at least when the actual explanation is on the Nobel website itself 😅 I was very tempted though

[@koteghe7600]

Perfect video to watch while drinking my structurally reconstructed some alpha plasma alkaline water with just a little bit of (of course organic) lemon juice

[@m.f.3347]

i literally have a masters degree in astrophysics but I'm still watching lmao

[@eitkoml]

I took high school chemistry and physics and have no science education beyond that. What do you think of the information here? Is it accurate?

[@fipix6143]

​@@eitkomlim on the same level with you, so i cant directly fact check her (the creator of the video). But she has phd in astrophysics and seems to be pretty transparent in her videos whenever she simplifies something, so I would trust her to have correct information on these things. Also in some of her other videos, when she talks about topics outside of her expertise, she mentions it clearly, which is a good sign of accurite science communication.

[@RandyGoble]

I tried to listen to this while playing Minecraft and right when I almost understood I had a stroke. Love your channel.

[@jeremyallen8942]

There's a fantastic pop-sci book called "Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table" that covers a lot of similar ground as the ending of this (very entertaining) video! Worth a read, especially for the drama around naming rights to new elements + shocking fraud around one element's discovery.

[@SuperMunky92]

If you want towatch the youtube version of the whole set of events leading to that fraud, I'd highly recommend bobbybrocolli's video on the topic

[@EnigmaDave]

Clear, concise, and complete. I love finding a great new channel. Thank you!

[@CommanderHuggins]

When I clicked on a video titled "a nuclear physics primer" I didn't expect a mini rant about doughnuts. But my day is made better for it. Truly all things are just applied physics when you get down to it, especially ethical pastry division theory.

[@bobpilz1021]

I really love your talks. This one in particular was amazingly informative. I only have undergrad physics from 55 years ago, and this talk has really given me a better understanding of why things are as they are. Many thanks!

[@calicoixal]

That edit at around 19:40 was really well executed, I almost didn't notice it. Good job :)

[@Earthy2100]

Reeeeally good video. A lot of science content is streamlined so much so it can be easily understood that it often leaves out key nuances. It’s really nice to have someone go into more detail on complex topics that are usually over simplified. Really interesting stuff too, the PBS space time channel made a similar video in which they seemed more optimistic about an “island of stability” It’d be really cool to hear your thoughts on the possibilities of super-heavy elements and breaking the laws of physics. Thanks for making this.

[@jameshart2622]

I don't think any real nuclear physicist thinks that the islands of stability would actually be all that stable, but hype sells. And the media keeps falling for it.

[@markzambelli]

'Plum Pudding' has a couple of meanings here in England... nowadays it is just a baked/steamed cakelike dessert made with plums, but in the olden-days it referred to the steamed sticky treacle (molasses) abomination we call Christmas Pudding (not the lovely booze-infused dried-fruit filled Christmas Cake, btw) and contained all manor of fruits including plums, raisins, citrus peels, dried apple and figs... which lent themselves to it also being called 'Figgy Pudding' thanks to Dickens. This Plum Pudding replaced the less popular 'Plumb Pudding', which aside from being far too heavy for even a team of scullery-maids to remove from the oven, was, of course, deadly....😉.... although it felt the same in one's stomach as the real Plum Pud🤣🤣🤣 (we Brits refer to having dessert as having 'pudding' as we used to eat lot's of sweet, fruit-filled stodge (such as Spotted Dick, Sticky Toffee, Bread and Butter Pudding...) after meals and the name became synonymous with dessert)

[@gillianrhodesofficial]

I really appreciate the level of technical detail in your videos. Accessible, but also new info and more details for someone who has already read a lot about this stuff. This is how one should youtube...thanks!

[@bendafyddgillard]

I believe this is the first time I've heard of the nuclear shell model. It is aesthetically pleasing to have the nucleus conceptually similar to the electrons around the nucleus (apart from there not being a nucleus in the middle of the nucleus). I know aesthetics are not a rigorous guide for good physics but when it works out that way my brain likes it more. Are we (humans) satisfied, for now, that the nuclear shell model is complete, or are there unsatisfactory aspects that suggest a better model still is needed?

[@jlb7289]

I'm still laughing at the 'nobody wants half a donut' rant! Always enjoy your videos!

[@BryanSeigneur0]

I'm firmly in the donuts are not integers camp but the realization that I'm a monster has me reconsidering.

[@noatreiman]

@@BryanSeigneur0Just came to this harsh realization

[@petevenuti7355]

The real monsters is the topologist , they like to turn donuts inside out!

[@davidgrenier]

Thank you for standing up for the most important issue of our time. People who cut up donuts are monsters. Also as a programmer and aspiring mathematician (getting my masters in applied maths now) who doesn't know any of the physics that much of mathematics was developed to explain, I absolutely love your videos.

[@zuzusuperfly8363]

I recommend dabbling in some physics for sure. The mathematics is usually the hardest part for people. The interesting part about physics is what the 'physical axioms' are and how different branches of physics relate to each other. The most interesting thing about physics for me is that it's an absolute gold mine when it comes to taking a short list of axioms (in reality, think of them as a physical hypothesis like 'local charge conservation') and creating a fully functioning mathematical model. Seeing how these constructions change from one topic to other is really interesting and enlightening even from an armchair perspective. Some random physics rabbit holes might include understanding what Maxwell's equations are trying to say in plain English, but then how does the mathematics allow you to calculate the speed of light. If the speed of light is the same in all reference frames, what are the consequences for space, time and simultaneity (just follow along basic thought experiments used to calculate time dilation and length contraction)? In the previous situation, they literally use basic triangle math to calculate how space and time are different for different observers, it's wild. Another rabbit hole that's a little more difficult, how can you use conserved quantities like mass and energy to explain a fluid? At the end of the day, the equations of motion for a fluid are basically just conservation laws applied to the idea of a fluid, but all these cool features of fluids pop out of the math as a result. This topic, in my mind, is a masterclass in variable management. There's a very complicated general theory and yet much simpler theories for particular cases. Last and my personal favorite, how can you use the ideas of probability and counting (basic combinatorics) to explain things that thermodynamics takes for granted? Why does time seem reversible in theory but not in practice, and how can you explain, using counting and probability, why entropy increases?

[@lucaspayne2546]

Your videos are awesome. I haven’t tried too hard to find more KZbin talks like this but it is not a common format and way of speaking. I love it. Treating the viewer as if they are also reading the books, into the history, not popularizing at all.

[@lucaspayne2546]

And presenting science in such a realistic, organic way. I love reading about “wrong” theories like Kelvins Vortex theory of the molecule.

[@TheEveryd]

You had me at “everyone gets cake.” That’s how I knew. This was gonna be a good one. :-)

[@cerebralideas]

There was so much wonderful humor in the first part of this video. The whole section about "discrete" and "living in a society" was just way too funny for a video about the periodic table :D I'm waiting for the full stand-up routine!

[@Copperhell144]

...so plumbers are technically "leaders"? lol

[@janmelantu7490]

Yeah, plumbing used to be made out of lead (and there’s still plenty of lead pipes out there)

[@glibsonoran]

The first question aliens will ask: "Take me to your plumber"

[@koenth2359]

"Plumbers saved more lives than doctors."

[@terminalreset7659]

The first surgeons extracted kidney stones.

[@szaszm_]

@@koenth2359 They probably took or degraded a few lives as well through lead poisoning.

[@WAMTAT]

Absolutely love these videos, feels like a physics course for free (with some history thrown in for free)

[@MysteriousSlip]

A couple of cool/interesting points you didn't mention in regards to 'big' elements. First, is that one requirement (by the official definition) for a new element is the nucleus must exist long enough to assemble its own electron cloud, which is calculated as some tiny amount of time I've forgotten. So nuclei which are too large and decay faster than this would technically not be a new element, but just a really massive subatomic particle. Also, there is the fine structure constant which leads to potential elements starting to do some truly bizarre stuff around element 137 due to the fact that their innermost electrons would have a highly relativistic kinetic energy.

[@Dragrath1]

Based on a Colloquium talk in grad school by a guy at NIST who specializes in Uranium chemistry you already start to get small yet statistically significant deviations from expected properties in the Actinide elements because their outermost valence shells start to become relativistic messing with the chemistry a bit. Of course you kind of need to have the elements supercooled to get the really exotic properties. I also remember learning about just how chemically toxic and reactive Uranium is and how that chemistry makes it way more dangerous than its radioactivity. Uranium as a strong chemical affinity for oxygen in particular which means its quite reactive as a metal with the main reaction product between Uranium and molecular oxygen being water soluble and thus highly motile in the environment. It also apparently has the tendency to behave like it has 4 valence electrons which plays a role in why it has such an affinity for oxygen. Another fun quirk about Uranium and the other sort of stable actinides is that due to their affinity with oxygen even though they are very heavy elements their tendency to bind up with oxygen the 3rd most abundant element in the universe and primary constituent of lighter weight silicate rocks when planets differentiate Uranium and Thorium generally rise to the surface and concentrate in the crust specifically lighter continental rocks. This in combination with the otherwise chemically immobile Uranium being able to react with molecular oxygen to make a water soluble salt was why natural Uranium fission reactors were able to form not long after the Great Oxygenation Event as the ratio of U235 was high enough for Uranium to be fissile and water was able to act as both the concentrator and the moderator in the reaction

[@riggsmarkham922]

I haven't gotten a chance to finish the video yet, but I just want to say that I *love* the graphics in the opening part of the video. And, overall, I adore the little graphics on every video. They're incredible.

[@MattMcIrvin]

Alexander Jablokov's science-fiction novel "Carve the Sky" imagined all sorts of cool stuff going on with Island of Stability elements, but through considerable fictional license he was imagining them being truly stable.

[@peterwilson8039]

When I was in school it was called "the valley of beta stability". I loved that description, because it reminded me of the very sad, but very beautiful book "How Green was my Valley" written by Richard Llewellyn in 1939, and made into a popular movie in 1941. So every time I heard the term "valley of beta stability" it made me think of Llewellyn's beautiful valley and how it was destroyed by the coal industry.

[@ajs1998]

"Magic numbers" are also used by programmers when talking about number literals scattered in your code. They're frowned upon, and generally should be computed or retrieved from somewhere more appropriate, rather than hard-coded in the logic of the program. So I understand the aversion to "magic numbers," because it would make more sense if they could be derived from something else. But it's also not always a bad thing because sometimes numbers just need to stand on their own.

[@gracelesspassion1750]

Bring back the Malazan books in the background! Also very fun video, thank you!

[@MxIzmir]

That was awesome. Love the transition/outro music. Island of stability ftw 🙌

[@btarczy5067]

You can’t cut a donut? You… can’t cut a donut? YOU… EXCUSE me? I will come up with a theory about cutting donuts that will put The Physics Establishment to shame.

[@steffenbendel6031]

Well, it probably is not a donut anymore, when you cut it. While a piece of cake is still a piece of cake.

[@benneem]

Everything changed once the physicists worked out how to split the donut.

[@WackyAmoebatrons]

You *can* cut a donut, but then you are left with quarks!

[@junebunchanumbers]

Maybe you're so preoccupied with whether or not you could (cut a donut) you didn't stop to think if you should. Cut a donut.

[@brunobaerlepups6269]

​@@steffenbendel6031you solved the Donut Problem! ❤

[@pastacarlin]

Great video! Interesting that this is mostly strong force interactions, I always conceived of the strong force as holding the quarks together and the weak force as binding the nucleus. It would be great to follow this up with a disambiguating of the two nuclear forces. Keep up the great work!

[@gametheorymedia]

Ahhh, but how I dearly wish that OTHER KZbinrs could give heads-up warnings like "In case I randomly start talking about Aliens in this video about nuclear physics--that's WHY." :D Sooooo happy now, I am :P

[@juliavixen176]

Another big reason (not mentioned in the video) about why the laws of physics are the same everywhere in the visible universe... is because we can actually see stuff, like stars and galaxies. The light from a distant galaxy has the exact same spectrum as the sun or a glass tube of hydrogen with electricity running through it here on Earth. If you change the laws of physics even a tiny bit, you will get very different spectra (if you can even get light itself to exist).

[@Qfeys]

Letting you know that the Wikipedia article has been updated, and someone tried to link your video as a source, but it was refused (the sourcing, not the edit).

[@talonthehand]

Woke up and saw this posted. So hyped for this afternoon when I have a chance to watch.

[@Sean_but_Not_Heard]

“… because E=MC^2.” *pause for outraged spluttering from the audience* “We can use that here.. It’s FINE.” 😂

[@ericeaton2386]

Excellent. This finally answered the question for me of why nuclear fusion in stars ends at iron, leading to someone in the next room asking why I was shouting "Ohhhhh! That's why!"

[@dsracoon]

Great video! And you're right, the YTBer "Kathy loves physics and history" has some very interesting videos about German Physicists post WWII

[@csours]

Things I wish my therapist would say about me: "He's a very stable boy"

[@PapaBenjaminW]

As a dense and positive man myself, I feel great affinity for nuclei.

[@maximuscesar]

You are so awesome. This is my favorite channel lately. Thank you very much!

[@devalapar7878]

I love your videos. You make the subjects really interesting. This could be a real career opportunity. If you finish your phd, try to find an editor. I am sure you could become as popular as veritasium or other popular science channels.

[@Pingviinimursu]

You really know a lot of physics, and the history of it. Thanks for sharing with us, and pointing out random interesting tidbits. I'm sure it takes a lot of effort to create these videos, so I'm very grateful. Always wanted to know that donuts are covered in glass. Thanks, Angela 😊

[@senefelder]

I want more elements named after countries. Like Chileum, Morroccum, Egyptium, Indonesium, Mexiconium, Naminium, Portugalium…

[@artomatt]

Would you want Belgium or Belgiumium?

[@ec8107]

Belgiuminium

[@s.henrlllpoklookout5069]

I want elements with English first names. Element 120: Ted. #121: Cody. Etc

[@Smo1k]

There are more countries than there are elements, though. Who won't get to have a donut? 🤔

[@AdrianBoyko]

Ukrainium! 🇺🇦

[@coxj2000]

thank you for making my intro quantum mechanics course relevant to something cool (understanding a new concept + getting one of your high level videos)

[@TheJohnblyth]

This was so good! So many wonderful things, cogently and sometimes hilariously laid out. Thank you.

[@BadgerOfTheSea]

The way you said "one donut per person" followed by a pause and a look direct into the camera has me thinking that that wasn't a random analogy. You went to a badly planned donut party didn't you?

[@Verschlungen]

This channel should be flagged as a Health Hazard. By the time I had reached 3:42, I was laughing so hard that I literally fainted for a second, and FOFL. Glad you point out the discovery of the proton as something separate from the gold foil experiment re nucleus. Such an important moment in history, too often excluded from text books, as if the story ends with the gold foil experiment. A footnote to the proton story: Actually, Rutherford was quite confused about his alpha bombardments of nitrogen all the way from 1917 to 1925 when he and Blackett finally got it right by observing cloud chamber tracks. Strictly speaking, I think it's best to say the proton was discovered either "in 1925" or "during the period 1917-1925, with great difficulty!"

[@Rosalina-uw2eq]

This was interesting to watch - it turned out to basically be a recap of bunch of the topics in my high school chemistry and physics classes. I was familiar with most of what you talked about, even the theorised island of stability, but for some reason I'd never come across the liquid drop model, we just skipped to the later ones.

[@sock7896]

liquid drop seems sublime to talk about strong nuclear force and binding energy and stuff, with clear analogies to water droplet surface tension type stuff

[@williedavis9465]

I checked Wikipedia, it has been updated, in addition, there appears to have been a bit of an edit war on the citations

[@RicardoMarlowFlamenco]

Great video primer. People might like to continue with the excellent “the man who tried to fake an element” with a beautiful clear topographical “map” of the table plotted X and Y Protons and Neutrons. The most dramatic part ties in to your other video about people faking data (Pruit data).

[@aitan6593]

The transition track in this vid is a banger catch me at the club having flashbacks to nuclear physics

[@almostinfamous42]

It's been 20 years since my last physics class but I try to keep up with science via videos, blogs etc just to see what the happs are. But I never learned that the nucleus is also organized into shells till today. Now that's another bit of science I can use to procrastinate with! So thank you for another great video 😀

[@dectilon]

I read a book by Max Tegmark a while back where he suggested that our universe functions the way it does because of the total energy involved in its creation (if I remember correctly). And, that there may be other universes where the laws of physics are other laws, and that the result would usually be that life would be unable to form.

[@Jr-qo4ls]

Great review and presentation. Highly appreciated. I also liked looking at the book titles in the background.

[@silly_goob]

Thank you for making learning about science so engaging and fun, somehow I can actually understand and concentrate on things that are said in your videos

[@liquid.gravity]

Your videos are awesome! Also that song at the end "cooler heads" by Jeremy Black is really good, thanks for introducing me to his music. Super smart/insightful and great taste in music, double threat (among other talents I'm sure)!

[@DingleTwit]

“Nuclear physics primer”…. “Nobody wants half a donut.” I love the weird places this channel wanders off to.

[@tevamedi5430]

Heyo ~ This is my new favorite channel, I watched this video maybe a ~week ago~ because it sounded interesting, and since then iv watched 6 or so more of your videos, your style of video is really appealing and I really enjoy listening to it, great stuff to put on the background while doing my sewing job, and while a lot of it goes over my head, its still so interesting to learn about some of these topics from another woman, which unfortunately isn't as common as id wish, also I REALLY want to say I enjoy the relaxed style of this channel.

[@padremochismusical]

14:59 Z is probably due to the German convention "Zahl" which is number, and even though they had it good for Z and calling Tungsten W due to Wolfram (German name) they did get the short end of the stick with CHON (Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff and Stickstoff, fairly confusing to learn as a young person)

[@euanthomas3423]

Stickstoff should really be glue!

[@svenofthejungle]

​@@euanthomas3423Unfortunately, the "stick" element in that word in German means more like "choke". Klebstoff means "glue".