What Did Pangaea Look like?

[@playernone1212]

Me at 3:00 am: Brain - "Wanna find out what Pangaea looked like?" Me - "Why?" Brain - "You gotta"

[@BeholdPontiusPilate]

This Bitch don't know 'bout Pangaea? Brain, plz......

[@DrPizka]

that's literally me right now, and yes it is 3:00 AM LOL!

[@Shmidershmax]

@@BeholdPontiusPilate Brain: Brain can sure use a sprite

[@sandra-jones]

@@DrPizka I'm at 3pm on a Monday. I thought I was interested but I'm not.

[@siriusblack7714]

Cute. But the more accurate depiction of what happened was 3:00 bired, slaving away on KZbin KZbin: Wana watch this video Sure

[@swargpatel7634]

I remember being so excited when I saw that South America and Africa fit together but then I realized that people already knew that...

[@justcallmekai1554]

@Humble 9300 Yeah I heard of something like that. I suggest you research about that cause imma do the same. Its pretty interesting

[@thewhitestmaterial]

Same lmfaöö

[@lucasart328]

Same as a kid

[@SkyShrimp_]

Yea, i remember when I was younger I made plenty of "discoveries"/ came up with inventions until I found out they already existed. For a moment i thought that my brain was being monitored and they were stealing my ideas

[@Mimpetel]

@@SkyShrimp_ I wouldn’t be discouraged. You worked it out yourself at a young age. You’re brilliant for making the connection

[@alec2themax]

Its not what you intended, but this video is actually very helpful for creating fantasy world maps.

[@Starfloofle]

I never understood prevailing winds nor water currents until this video, both of which are basically essential for truly understanding climatography haha

[@AVR7771]

TAmari like Francisco said, Artifexian explains all of this very well, and his hot earth - cold earth climate video came out recently, you should check it out

[@aidan8473]

I was thinking that as well. Definitely using this as a resource

[@seleniumyang3197]

Literally this is why I started watching these videos

[@FireflyJuu]

I've been using this channel for worldbuilding, but looks like I have another to check out now too lol

[@davec.1045]

I am a geologist. This is a very well done video. It would have made my university days much easier as we had to visualize cerebrally. Some of my classmates printed t-shirts with the phrase "Reunite Gondwana!" over a graphic as just a silly way to get reactions. Keep up the good work!

[@travissmith3720]

How did Pangaea form ?

[@ctylsh1214]

@@travissmith3720God

[@spacedoutorca4550]

-Talks about one image trading accuracy for aesthetic. -Uses that as the thumbnail. *Sneak 100*

[@flymb3358]

Tbh I do like the fact that he didn't just give it away in the thumbnail

[@billydasquid1201]

FLYMB we had to work for it lol

[@FreddieDeux]

It’s how KZbin works you need a catchy thumbnail or else your video won’t do good

[@zizimugen4470]

Spaceorca would you prefer a thumbnail with fake-shock or some exaggerated facial expression that isn’t actually in the video?

[@vie3147]

Spaceorca Because his map is like this 12:21. very simplistic

[@TheLeontheking]

Just imagine being lost in thoughts, letting your eyes wander across your map, when you suddenly notice that two entire continents look as if they fit together..

[@Jonas-1A]

@Fair Criticism I saw it too! Had this little earth globe with a lamp inside I'd always roll around a bit before bed :)

[@libraryofthoughts0]

@Fair Criticism I saw it as a kid too. But you are totally on point. Like old maps were pretty decent, but there were few of them. Lot of bad maps also. So in my mind he would have to find many many maps from different cities to combine them and then the aww moment.

[@janstreffing9361]

​@Fair Criticism That match was probably noticed long before Wegener. His main achievement however is coming up with a hypothesis for a physical mechanism that can explain why the plates moved. And he did that with very little data being available at the time, as in 1920s we had essentially no idea about the internal structure of our planet. In fact his ideas were so far ahead of our data collection abilities, that it took 30 years for his hypothesis to even being considered testable and then found true by geologists/seismologists. So it's quite extraordinary in this sense, and similar to how Einsteins theory of general relativity took 4 years and a solar eclipse to find positive experimental support.

[@sarfrazmh31]

Ireland and West Coast of England and Scotland also joined before. Just look. Wonder when that split happened?

[@ValeriePallaoro]

Didn't this happen to you when you were a child looking at the map?

[@Catbot99]

Possible video ideas: What would a completely terraformed Mars or Venus look like?

[@thewildnath]

Earth

[@imperatorecho9527]

There is a game called TerraGenesis that is about terraforming rocky celestial bodies. If you terraform Venus and Mars, you'll find out

[@michaeldmingo1525]

I nice place to move to.

[@patrioux5167]

You could read the trilogy about by colonizing mars by Kim Stanley Robinson I believe. He includes fairly detailed maps. Not sure how accurate they are.....but really, how accurate could anyone be about the terraforming of a landmass we know relatively so little about. Lol.

[@billydasquid1201]

You ever play terragenisis? You can play it on your phone. Terraform Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Earth, and with some dlc other planets(moons) in the solar system

[@harrietharlow9929]

I just rewatched this and in German, "Urkontinent" more accurately translates to English as "original continent". Other than that, small detail, a very good video. Excellent job, Atlas Pro!

[@ItsMe-yg4yi]

primeval continent..

[@harrietharlow9929]

@@ItsMe-yg4yi Thank you for the correction, though I have also seen it translated as above.

[@ItsMe-yg4yi]

it was not supposed as a correction.. just wanted to give some feedback :) @@harrietharlow9929

[@AetherNoble]

Another word is ‘ursprache’ meaning original speech. It is the term German linguists use for the reconstructed language ancestral to some variety, say the Romance languages which would be Old Latin.

[@BorlandC452]

Ok. This awoke a geography nerd in me that I didn't even know I had.

[@erikeriks]

wow your so geeky and smart and quirky xD

[@EthanBoBethan]

wow your so geeky and smart and quirky xD

[@wildtavo7298]

wow your so geeky and smart and quirky xD

[@drrashdadogar]

wow your so geeky and smart and quirky xD

[@BrowncoatInABox]

Me to bro me too

[@protercool8474]

I love to look at these maps and imagine how civilizations might have formed had this been the world we lived in. This video gives me some really cool ideas.

[@theman9048]

He didn't put rivers in there

[@theman9048]

@E mem just go to a pet shop and get one

[@aa2339]

The Flintstones?

[@almostliterally593]

Nobody would want to live on the middle part lol

[@GustavSvard]

Another way to get such world-building ideas is to take a globe and move the poles. Imagine having one pole at Mt Everest - EPIC arctic exploration.

[@colinp2238]

The music sounds like I'm on hold.

[@reloadium]

fax

[@rilorobinson7685]

Mr. Paterson we could not match the information on the card so unfortunately you still broke

[@sloppygirlz]

😂🤣🤣🤣 I zoned out, wairing for the content to return.

[@juliakay6204]

The thumping is kinda driving me nuts.

[@TheSuperhoden]

I hate that, I'm on hold an average of an hour a week

[@matthewweitzner8956]

I've always wondered how mountain ranges exist where there isn't a continental division now, eg. the Scottish Highlands, thanks for explaining it!

[@striker44]

That's just nessie and family 😂

[@djdeemz7651]

It's from when the flat earth was folded up in its box

[@lonesparrow]

There's a comedian from Tennessee who went to Scotland and tweeted about how much it resembled the Smoky Mountains he was familiar with who ended up being blown away when the internet responded by letting him know they are essentially the same mountains.

[@wylldflower5628]

@@lonesparrow Along with segments of the South Wales Valleys and Pennsylvania. That’s why they recruited Welsh miners as it was essentially the same rock types. I don’t know the correlation for which sections of the more southern part of the Appalachias.

[@merylpye246]

​@@lonesparrow the comedian was mind-blown I reckon.

[@2opler]

I sometimes forget how recently we have acquired this type of knowledge. Continental drift wasn`t accepted until 1968. The same year men first orbited the Moon.

[@wpggsauce6921]

But we didnt orbit or even go on the moon

[@niklas5771]

@@wpggsauce6921 we did mate..

[@2opler]

@@wpggsauce6921 What is your confidence that what you believe is true, say out of 100?

[@svennoren9047]

@@2opler Don't feed the troll.

[@mistarhymes68]

And we were still dealing with whether or not to allow colored people in the same facilities as whites. It seemed so long ago but you’re right it’s pretty recent in the grand scheme of things.

[@DinaricWolf]

What about the rivers of Pangaea?

[@vatsdimri3675]

Yeah, would love to know about rivers as well.

[@anonymousfellow8879]

Same, especially as a worldbuilder/writer. Climate, geography, ecosystems, and rivers literally dictate *everything*

[@ALYTALyrics]

there probably doesn't exist enough evidence to map it.

[@DinaricWolf]

Usually rivers form from ice/snow melt from mountains, so they would probably form around there.

[@jobvandelaar7977]

Lmao that would be so hard I think to find out. Just look at mountains where it starts and where sea ends. I think they were huge. Lakes are more interesting tbh

[@MrGod-nl7no]

Urkontinent means something like "the first continent" or "original continent", not supercontinent. Edit: It can also mean something like ancient continent!

[@Gpawdrum]

Ur- means ancestor/progenitor/elder... so it basically means the ancient continent. But yeah, nothing like supercontinent.

[@MegaSockenschuss]

I was searching for that comment immediately. :D

[@johann.9271]

"Oercontinent" in Dutch. "Oer-" is pronounced almost the same as the German "Ur-" and it means something is very old. So definitely not "supercontinent". But they don't use such descriptive language in English so they had to make up a word.

[@bbbf09]

Urkontinent uber alles

[@usel3ss569]

There was many super continents before Pangaea so how is it the first?

[@joshuajudas2414]

So, I almost always learn something new here on Atlas Pro, but pretty much EVERYTHING covered in this episode was unknown to me prior to viewing. Good show, young chap. Good show. Bravo, and thank-you!

[@janw6750]

Urkontinent means something like "first continent" or "ancient continent", not super continent.

[@magnusranda1411]

true.. prehistoric continent

[@jama-z4n]

Urkontinent=Old or ancient continent

[@kevinmarrs3372]

Yes that is correct

[@Apodeipnon]

yep

[@nullfunf4721]

@Dovyeon Lol Try telling that to a professor at uni. "It's my sources' fault."

[@anonymike8280]

The breakup of Pangea: The messied divorce ever. We're still paying.

[@xaraxen]

They will reconcile around 250 million years

[@anonymike8280]

@@xaraxen Gondwana and Laurasia getting back to together in their old age. I guarantee you, there will be a lot of friction between them two. But some great orogeny on the side too. Probably.

[@realistinnit8881]

Notice how it split into seven, polygamy/open relationships is just not the way

[@voidremoved]

@Yazmeli Ayzol Yeah right mom is burned out from trying orgies. Dad will be back soon with some smokes... The kids tied up the baby sitter and have trashed the place

[@danieldato6213]

Their divorce ended up ruining Tethis's life forever

[@felixw19]

0:28 the German prefix "Ur-" means "old", "original", "ancient" or "first". So Urkontinent translates to "Old continent" or "First continent"

[@FlawlessFailer]

Thank you for this explanation. That was bothering me too :)

[@over2166]

yepp! "super continent" would translate back into German as "Superkontinent"...

[@felixw19]

@@FlawlessFailer Bitte :)

[@someoneinthecrowd4313]

We use it in Norway too to describe the native sami people in the north. Urfolk, urbefolkning.

[@shomiiii96]

*_Rodinia has entered the chat_*

[@DoomMomDot]

this was really interesting. I wonder if you could do something similar with where the continents will be in the future? Like, I've heard Africa will eventually hit Europe, closing the Mediterranean ocean.

[@iulia1690]

The mediteranean ocean?

[@DoomMomDot]

@@iulia1690 whoops. doent know where that came from.

[@benhicks9481]

@@DoomMomDot in the future it'll become the Mediterranean lake before closing up entirely

[@Onestonedbake]

@@benhicks9481 lol

[@benhicks9481]

@@Onestonedbake then the Mediterranean Pond and Puddle, guess a mountian range will then appear there a be the Mediterranean Mounts.

[@RiciB13]

Just a little correction: “Urkontinent” doesn’t translate well to “super continent”. The prefix Ur- mostly means that something is very old or the start of something, or a stage before something else. Great grandfather in German is “Urgroßvater” as he has been there before the Großvater. In case of Urkontinent, ur- means primordial, the continent that preceded other continents, the one that is the origin of all other continents. I know this comment is now irrelevant cause this video is 2 years old but I figured I could clarify that

[@admiral_alman8671]

I searched for this comment.

[@unknown-tq2yx]

@@admiral_alman8671 too

[@Lingu42]

Proto-continent maybe?

[@theoneandonly2359]

​@@Lingu42yeah that's kinda the translation

[@bookwood420]

​@@admiral_alman8671 ich auch bro ich auch

[@StopChangingUsernamesYouTube]

A sign I've been absorbing too much geology lately: 50 million years sounded quick to me.

[@kiyru44]

Why must this be relatable

[@daniellawing3779]

that's cool considering the earth is only a few thousand years old

[@TryPuttingItInRice]

@@daniellawing3779 😐

[@Frostfern94]

@@daniellawing3779 😂😂😂😂 Yeah and pigs fly

[@RoyalPastryOfficial]

@@daniellawing3779 found the Bible nerd who doesn’t understand basic science

[@insulareshdxo9454]

When I was in elementary, I also noticed it, it’s like a jigsaw puzzle, without knowing the Pangea

[@onometre]

for me the eye opener was South America and africa. they really do fit together so neatly.

[@jjcoola998]

@@onometre yup me too i just assumed it was a coincidence as a kid until I learned about plate tectonics

[@onometre]

@@jjcoola998 same

[@aayushguptaghosh5047]

@@onometre for me too!

[@limecyanizer4394]

I did this with actual puzzle pieces.

[@zhenyamediocris4373]

Wow, your blog is mesmerizing 🔥 You spell out stuff that was incredibly hard to understand before. Thanks for helping me and other folks explore the world

[@mzeewatk846]

I would like to see a non-mercator map, esp. a revolving globe. It's hard to get a feel for what the northern end of the map works out to proportionately.

[@Sumdude12483]

Same, also this type of Pangea is more wider and shorter than it actually was

[@noahjordan6761]

technically not mercator, but close enough(mercator has things closer to the poles stretch vertically, like how greenland is the size of africa in mercator projections)

[@cevinzeke5110]

Damn, we didn’t know a lot but we were really doing the most

[@PoshingtonSpark]

Azimuthal plane projection is the most accurate. Hence why major govt bodies use it.

[@crazycatlady2744]

The projection in the video is equirectangular. I agree though, I'd love to at least see a north pole projection along with the equirectangular map.

[@ravenlord4]

The moon was a lot closer back then as well. Just imagine the super tides!

[@CamelsHighOnCrayons]

The moon moves away from Earth at 4cm per year. That means 210 million years ago, the moon was 8,400km closer to Earth than it is now. Currently, the distance from the Earth to the moon is 384,400km, so the moon was only 2.2% closer during that time than it is now. The moon's orbit is also not a perfect sphere, but elliptical. At it's closest, the moon is 50,000km closer to Earth than it is at its furthest. The tides would have been bigger, but not by much.

[@Gary1964muslim]

@@johnperic6860 Thanks you two for making this clarification!!

[@JungSooLeee]

Earth is not flat though

[@wwvvvvvww]

@@johnperic6860 The determining factor of tide is not only astronomical but also geographical and how the ocean basins look like. If there were major river systems on the East coast of the continent, it would mean a lot of eroded materials would be carried from the mountain ranges to the Tethys Ocean, creating a shallower basin. Combine this with the shape of the Ocean, this could lead to much higher tides on the East coast than the West, and definitely higher than what one could get from astronomical estimation alone.

[@ravenlord4]

@@wwvvvvvww Plus tide is a gravitational effect, thus it varies with Square of the distance. So changes over time are exponential rather than just linear. :)

[@sashoradoulov3504]

If possible, as a sequel, predict what the world will look like in 200 million years

[@TXP9]

Box V5 easy, just draw a big black circle. The sun will go supernova, destroying earth in the process.

[@kundakaps]

@@TXP9 That's in 7 to 10 billion years comrade. And it won't go supernova. It will go red giant then white dwarf. Supernova is seconds long explosion.

[@kevbee8325]

A plastic garbage patch.

[@darthrevan5976]

Actually there is a theory that in 200 million years all the continent's would again combine and form a new supercontinent which scientists have named "Pangaea ultima". I came across this video again without realising iv seen it before then I saw my comment here and I was like what?

[@SupersuMC]

@@darthrevan5976 Precisely the point of the original comment. It's not a very creative name, though....

[@JeriScarborough]

Pangaea has always fascinated me...and, is so obvious. I clicked right away and subscribed. I love good science channels and look forward to more👍

[@deutan4390]

Correction: 0:30 Ur - Kontinent Ur -> Old/Ancient

[@deralex4350]

Jup!

[@zitronentee]

Exactly

[@deutan4390]

@The Big Game Theory Uralt Alt - Old Ur - Ancient

[@teergeret]

@The Big Game Theory ur can't really mean first or beginning tho Urgroßvater means great grandfather but he was surely not the First

[@teergeret]

@The Big Game Theory yeah exactly, it's actually real easy to look it up but it doesnt make any sense to assume that of all the possible uses beginning or first is meant because the guy who called it urkontinent probably knew there were earlier ones.

[@Jokkkkke]

Really thought there was goin to be a sponsorship at the end of this video when he started talking about working in groups haha

[@moonlitm3285]

@drsupremo88 Don't forget Real Life Lore.

[@dermofella]

And Nico??

[@JungSooLeee]

Why the heck fire do you have a moldy banana as your profile pic? Why not a cool United States superior airfighter plane meant for dominating?

[@aelspecto]

"but you know what was around the times of pangea as well? that's rigth, skillshare, with ski..."

[@ajrobbins368]

A shoutout to #TeamTrees would have fit perfectly!

[@whosskully5498]

Why is this teaching me more than school

[@Zaire82]

Because school teaches you in a way you will remember. You will probably have forgotten everything you learned from this already.

[@whosskully5498]

@@Zaire82 No

[@whosskully5498]

@@Zaire82 I forgot what i learned in school

[@Zaire82]

@@whosskully5498 Then it's either been many years or you weren't paying attention. Otherwise, you just have horrible memory.

[@PudWhacker]

Cause history class only talk about slave and Boston tea party 😂

[@jaconecartography717]

Oh my god I can’t express how helpful this video has been!! Not only did it sate my curiosity but it also provided a plethora of information regarding how environments form depending on certain elements like water and wind currents!! This video will undoubtedly help me with my map making skills!

[@siddhartharora5028]

Pangea: *Exists* British Empire: Its free real estate!!!!!

[@flobeeonekinobee2353]

Romans came first

[@johncurtis118]

@@flobeeonekinobee2353 This is not important in the slightest. Britain is know for colonization of all over earth. The Roman Empire was not, although it was know for being big, but not for colonization.

[@TheHellfirejen]

Pangaea*

[@p4py537]

Siddharth Arora hahahahahah funny meme its funny ahajhahaajha

[@Marquis-Sade]

@@johncurtis118 Colonization wasnt a thing when the romans where alive. But if they would have stayed until the time the British empire got big, they sure as hell would have done the same.

[@billydasquid1201]

Can you do more video like this? This periods and supercontinents that existed.

[@fixedguitar47]

Here, check this one first before you ask for more garbage from this channel kzbin.info/www/bejne/pXvJc4aZa8pqh7M

[@plaguemaster308]

@@fixedguitar47 I like this more

[@marcolau6309]

@@fixedguitar47 an expanding earth? Seriously?

[@duhduhvesta]

Billy Da Squid by far most amazing video

[@TuTataElDaddy]

Fixedguitar no need to disrespect his content smh

[@sebastianmichaelis2503]

0:27 small correction Urkontinent means original / initial continent. Ur- is a german Präfix thats short for ursprünglich which as i already said means original or initial

[@MartinMenge]

Maybe in that context, but the proto-germanic root "Ur" means "very old" e.g "Urgroßmutter". In Ursprünglich the root of sprüng in proto-germanic originally meant the "mouth of a well" or "rush out of a stream" which came to mean "original". Therefore I will put it to you that "Ursprünglich" was formed to mean: "the very old origin"

[@MartinMenge]

@The Big Game Theory Go play with the other children, the grownups are talking.

[@EzerEben]

Nearly every other comment is about this "ur" prefix. Read a couple of comments maybe.

[@icarusbinns3156]

As someone attempting to map out a fantasy Earth-like world, your videos are wonderful and truly inspiring!

[@kelvinchuchuca7464]

I can just imagine the size of hurricanes that traveled along the equator

[@nordicfalcon]

Raphael Soria The Eye of Earth. Just like Venus, Jupiter, and Neptune.

[@paithoonnamsena346]

Yep

[@jordangoins3735]

That open Sea!!

[@mikebarnes7441]

@@nordicfalcon venus has no spot like that does it?

[@nordicfalcon]

Mike Barnes A stone spot? I can’t say. I was referring to the twin storms on the south of Venus. Saturn has a cool ass hexagonal one at its north.

[@Awakeningspirit20]

I'm so lucky to live next to the Appalachians! Knowing what we know about them, they are such a spiritual place to visit when you realize they're one of the oldest ranges on Earth. It's an incredible twist of fate that so many people of Scottish descent made their way to the Appalachian region and felt like they had come home, because geologically-speaking they had. You pointed out how the Highlands of Scotland and the Appalachians were a part of the same range hundreds of millions of years ago. Perhaps there was a sort of primordial sense of home in those Scots and Irish who settled here.

[@JayJayKz]

Okay

[@kjj26k]

There was a lot of tangential, practical, short-term reasons for this as well. Immigrants couldn't fit in the settled eastern coastal plains, so they had to go west. The Germans went to the Midwest to farm the plan and there. The Scots/Irish following the same path saw the mountains and decided "We can make this work."

[@Elyznz]

@@JayJayKz 💀

[@maxkronader5225]

@@kjj26k Yes. Probably much more of a factor than a New Age skip through the daisies was.

[@JAT985]

Remember the lyrics “older than the trees”

[@ClemensAlive]

"Ur" does not mean "super" in German. Its more like "Grand" like in "Grandpa"

[@imcarlosjr4898]

ClemensAlive good to hear

[@tankinator451]

Ur ass

[@ajayempee]

I would say it means more like "ancient" or "original"

[@HellboyTheRed]

@@ajayempee exactly! Cheers from Germany

[@danielhammond3012]

"primal" or "first" is a better def

[@jochem420]

I love that theres actual smart people trying to make fun youtube videos

[@esme_6369]

its crazy how we’re literally standing on what used to be this

[@Nukepositive]

Hawaiians be like: Well, yes, but technically no.

[@spectate0074]

@@Nukepositive hehe mountain went boom

[@Sujay95]

Hey, what kind of river systems would Pangaea have had? I reckon it would have altered the physical features of the continent quite a bit. It would probably be impossible to determine but this is a pretty good map nonetheless.

[@jackmann2494]

Good question. Rivers would've played a major role in the terrain and climate.

[@Zakmmr]

They would have started in the mountains and lead to the oceans. The large rainy areas would have large volume rivers like the Amazon.

[@CopiousJohn]

@@Zakmmr You just hit on one of my pet peeves. "They would have started in the mountains and ***LED*** to the oceans." L-E-A-D is *not* the past tense of "to lead". Sorry, but this drives me absolutely insane to see this mistake again and again, even from people whose livelihood is writing! But now that I'm done with my tantrum, I think you are right. The rivers would start as snow melt up in the mountains.

[@SetuwoKecik]

@@CopiousJohn the correct one is actually "Leaden". You have to learn better English.

[@Drogas3653]

@@CopiousJohn yea I’m pretty sure the word you were looking for was “leaden”. Good try tho

[@feynstein1004]

"Yo mama so big she look like pangea" -some kid probably

[@BirdieBlue5602]

😂😂😂😂

[@zapid6733]

"You're eyes so far apart it looks like Pangea has split" -Some kid probably

[@feynstein1004]

@Zapid Damn savage lol

[@soyyp]

Yo mama should be like pangea -Some kid probaly British empire: fuk u

[@zeekthepr0337]

Yo mama so fat she broke apart Pangaea- some kid probably

[@doeetah3800]

Awesome video!! So many of these concepts (like plate tectonics, ocean currents, and the rainshadow effect) are concepts I recently learned in my environmental science class, so seeing how these concepts can be applied practically is fascinating.

[@lordavy7469]

Atlas this is my definition of what content on KZbin should be like. Keep up the great work

[@j.wright5371]

Bravo! This is a great video; informative, thought provoking and evidence based. I'm very impressed with your knowledge, the clarity of your explanation and the quality of your work. Thank you for your contribution to KZbin.

[@genecarlom]

The research alone is amazing! Nice work!

[@lucrativelyrics2004]

..but why (@4:40) does he want to talk about the "vaginal orgy" ?

[@panosmosproductions3230]

Fun fact: While palm trees are considered sub-tropical/tropical plants. They can be planted and grown in temperate regions, even in some temperate desert areas like In and around Nampa and Boise Idaho which is considered a temperate shrub stepp (which gets an average of anywhere from 5-10 inches of precipitation per year) similar to where I live in eastern Washington.

[@jonwizard3989]

Urkontinent does not mean "super" continent..."Ur" means roughly Prehistoric! Not "super"...

[@markusmueller2246]

That is exactly what I wanted to point out! Hopefully the rest is more accurate.

[@relaxingrain2694]

maybe back in the day "Ur" meant something else that it does today??? 5heads

[@leerzeichenone]

@@relaxingrain2694 No, it didn't.

[@Brinta3]

In Dutch, the prefix oer, while in some cases used in reference to prehistoric times, has more the meaning of ‘original, the first one, from at the beginning’. For example, we call the big bang ‘oerknal’, because it was the first one and it was at the very beginning. And an ‘oerbos’ is an ancient forest that hasn’t been altered by humans.

[@davidvosspoor4694]

Original continent

[@hussey4826]

I can't even imagine how much research and effort went into the creation of this video. Fantastic job 👍

[@loomiemanson2650]

It blew my mind after hearing how the Himalaya mountains were actually generated. Woooow. Also was very interesting to hear about the influence of the Panthalassa Ocean in creating climate in the regions. As a non-scientist I always underestimate the factor of wind (think about the Chernobyl disaster and how the wind spread the particles of radioactive elements to the western Europe) and this video explained very clearly the effects of two factors (wind and diversion of water flows). Thanks a lot for your hard work in producing this video!

[@CrystalHempstock]

This is the best explanation I've seen on Pangeae. Scientifically explained with the hot and cold air/deserts and forests plus with the mountain ranges and rain shadows. I think your video is awesome, and the visuals of where our current countries used to be helps.

[@julius6903]

So for all who dont speak german: „Ur“- doesnt mean „Super“- . Its more like: Urgroßvater means great-grandfather.

[@Serkant75]

JulisJauchegrube also means oldest

[@julius6903]

@@Serkant75 yes but not exactly "super-"

[@FergusML]

Urkontinent means something like source continent. The prefix Ur says that you are at the source of something that something else derived from / can be traced back to. It's just like a river that comes from a spring.

[@jjcoola998]

You showed him bro

[@12tanuha21]

Ur- : origin, first, proto-

[@xhiddin]

Congrats on 400k subs! Always excited for an upload

[@emerje0]

It isn't well known, but here in Maine we actually have a desert (literally called the Desert of Maine) that is said to have been formed by a large deposit of sand being dumped here by glaciers. Looking at your map it's easy to imagine glaciers cutting through Canada, picking up a bunch of sand and dropping it off as they melted here (which is also how we got our excess of ground water). Now, obviously this was 10K years ago not 200M years, and the Desert of Maine was once covered in top soil until farm mismanagement allowed it to erode away leaving just the sand, but if this map is accurate then what was left in Maine may have been actual desert sand rather than glacier silt. I would imagine it wouldn't be hard to take a core sample in Canada and see if there's any sand or compressed sandstone underground

[@gmk66]

We actually visited the desert..it is so cool

[@appy01-y5z]

These days are those days when Greenland actually is a *Greenland*

[@Milltao3]

And Iceland is actually ice land

[@technicallyobservant7888]

and it would have been much more south

[@harshagrawal1000]

Glad to see Indian Username in comment section.🤔

[@cody5027]

Vikings: ima end this mans whole career

[@adamplenty1645]

6:28 Earth's rotation would have been somewhat faster than it is today. No idea if that's significant; I just though I'd mention it.

[@gardensofthegods]

Maybe not maybe having all that land mass in one area created a slight wobble more so than we have now

[@marcinlechicki4019]

Huricane deeper into the land from East to West and little rains in the West Coast

[@marcinlechicki4019]

Faster erosion of mauntains and bigger Delta of rivers.

[@janstreffing9361]

200 million years ago the rotational speed and therefore coriollis effect were not that much stronger to cause this, but if you go further back in time we may have had 5 instead of the 3 atmospheric cells we have today (Hadley, Ferell, Polar). In that case the ocean currents would also be different and you get a different patterns of humid/arid climats along the coasts. You can see a planet with another number of atmospheric cells in our solar system: Jupiter, which rotates faster has a much larger radius and features 7 bands.

[@AverageAlien]

A day would've been less than an hour shorter, maybe slightly higher wind speeds???

[@Yamezzzz]

As someone who lives up in the UK's highlands. It was mindblowing to look outside and think of the history of the mountains I live in. How far they spread.

[@justiny5385]

Cheers from the Appalachians

[@dakotafrazier2985]

There might have been springs, rivers, lakes, etc on the interior which might extend the Forrest and Savannah sections further. At least in lines or pockets in the middle of the desert. Similar to the Nile, where plants could grow along the river and it would get continuously more arid as distance from said water sources increased

[@toukoenriaze9870]

That would have had to dive into wind and stuff

[@damanibrown3021]

This and TierZoo always deliver on high quality videos.

[@hypn0298]

Damani Brown Trey the Explainer and PBS Eons are more accurate.

[@TheNraveles]

If geology was this interesting maybe I would've given more of my attention

[@chriss790]

It's somewhat difficult to do this at high school level beyond which you never learn it. But I agree, it would be nice to learn this sort of thing as part of physical geography/geology before you depart for university. I never learned it until the first year of my degree.

[@thebridge5483]

I’m so jealous of the kids who are in school now so many tech at their disposal

[@gardensofthegods]

@@chriss790 wait a minute are you people saying they don't teach about Pangea nowadays to kids in grade school or even high school ? Am I missing something here ?

[@chriss790]

@@gardensofthegods I certainly have not been taught specifically about Pangaea in geography. The only time I was taught anything remotely close to Earth history (and we weren't taught about its different eras either, only knew what Jurassic meant because of the movies) was a part of the module on tectonic plates and hazards associated with different plate margins (i.e. where you'd preferentially get volcanoes erupting or earthquakes occurring). Not a peep about Pangaea or other supercontinents until I began my geology degree at the university. But I study in the UK. And maybe it's that my particular high school curriculum board was rubbish.

[@gwenstarnes1177]

I am a 6th grade science teacher and Pangaea is part of my curriculum. I cover Alfred Wegener and how he came up with Continental Drift, though his ideas were rejected at the time. He was a meteorologist and did not have a degree in Geology. Many other scientists wanted better proof than what he was able to provide and he died in search of that proof. I was not until 1960, when Harry Hess connected the dots that mid-ocean ridges spewed molten material onto the sea floor, adding new material, and subduction at deep ocean trenches pulled the old Sea-Floor back into the Earth. This confirmed that Continents could move. Convection currents in the Mantle pull hot, less dense material upward, to the mid ocean ridges. Some of the material escapes at this point as volcanoes on the ocean floor, but most is blocked by the crust, and is diverted along the oceanic crust. The friction also pulls the crust, but as the mantle material cools, it becomes dense and starts to sink. Oceanic crust also becomes dense and heavier the further away it is from the mid-ocean ridge. It sinks below less dense continental crust and creates trenches (think marianas trench). As the subducting plate goes back into the Mantle, some of it melts and magma plumes rise up and form volcanoes. The most famous and prominent places to see this happen are along the Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate. There was your crash course in 6th grade science. Stay tuned for my oceans unit! Lol!

[@_robustus_]

Well that makes being Appalachian a bit more interesting...

[@JakeBiddlecome]

I did some wildland firefighting with a couple geologists in the George Washington National Forest some years ago. There is some really interesting history to the Appalachian range. The valleys in the area I worked were caused by soft sandstone in the middle of the mountain back when it was young and very tall like the Colorado mountains. It wore down over time and caused the mountain to collapse such that there are hills on either side of the valley now - if you look at the direction of the layered rock on either side they both point to a common center where the peak of the mountain used to be. You live in the mausoleuic ruins of a once great mountain - how cool is that?

[@TheWastelander86]

@robustus all that quartz littering the Appalachians all over the trails and woods? That's the heart-rock of the ancient mountains. It's also why there's such deep deposits of coal, from living foliage at the time. "Life is old here, older than the trees, younger than the mountains, blowing like a breeze"

[@benheinz8817]

@@TheWastelander86 Of course we got our country roads reference in.

[@hockinghillsalive3624]

Wow, this was a very interesting watch and I imagine it took quite a bit of time to put together. So, thank you!

[@Username-le4eq]

I love how the amazon and the sahara of south america and africa were inverted! The sahara became a rainforest while the amzon became a desert! But also you forgot to put rivers,lakes and other bodies of water but i guess it would be a longer video to research and edit about! But i think it would also affect the climate!

[@professorsogol5824]

Then as now, water flowed down hill. So rivers would have flowed from mountains to the sea and the size of rivers would be proportional to the area they drain. There probably would have been a major Amazon/Congo-type river system fed by the moutains that are now the Appalachian Mts. and the hills that are now on the NE Coast of South America that would flow down to the Tethys Ocean. The other ranges would probably have fed smaller systems. Lakes are much more difficult to imagine as they would depend on topographical detail that is probably not easily reconstructed today.

[@tommy-er6hh]

do not forget the dry sahara NOW sends dust over to Amazon, making it more fertile. 5000 yrs ago when the Sahara was green, there was less dust, and so less life to the Amazon basin. And that kind of thing is hard to figure.

[@MerkhVision]

I guess his predictions were pretty accurate because we know the Sahara did used to be a rainforest before the Himalayas formed and blocked hot moist air from the pacific from reaching North Africa!

[@danishaiman8135]

Finally. About time someone with a good production talks about pangae

[@anonymike8280]

People's attitude: "There's always more tuna in the Tethys, there's always more fishes in the sea."

[@liamscott7561]

This is an amazing video! There were so many geological phenomenons that I never understood but the way you explained it makes perfect sense! Thank you!!! 🙏🏼🙏🏼

[@jgr7487]

points at a butterfly: "is this an Artfexian video?"

[@Lucy-ng7cw]

JoaoG R He has only 3 featured channels and artifexian is one of them so I assume there is some influence there.

[@Cjnw]

No, it's #Guadeloupe 😛

[@ShreyaanSeth]

love this as a concept and would love to see this for more time periods. maybe even the future! this is 100% series material.

[@benedict6962]

A suggestion for a Patreon reward: A framed version of your final image, as if it were on a globe or atlas(pun intended).

[@lucrativelyrics2004]

#nopun

[@superswag3252]

It's fascinating to imagine the past of our planet

[@fixedguitar47]

It is, unfortunately this video doesn’t depict it accurately at all.

[@royk7712]

@@fixedguitar47 its just a rough estimation based on rotation of the earth and which determine ocean current. i think it just enough for a good video on youtube. if too much variable is added then this video will be hours long

[@dawn-blade]

@@royk7712 PepeHands I found a fellow Twitch frog 💖 Do you watch Tyler, Greek or Asmongold friend?

[@tre43210]

@@fixedguitar47 nobody wants to hear you state claims you can’t prove

[@spaceowl9246]

Urkontintent mostly translates to "Ancient Kontinent" "Ur" is something we say when something is really old

[@FergusML]

Urkontinent means something like source continent. It doesn't necessarily mean something like ancient. Since if you create a new movie today and we go see it for the first time on the red capet - at the premiere - it is still the UR-AUFFÜHRUNG. The prefix Ur says that you are at the source of something that something else derived from / can be traced back to. It's just like a river that comes from a spring.

[@12tanuha21]

Proto continent

[@timseguine2]

@@FergusML There are multiple ways to translate the prefix "ur" depending on context. It can and often does designate "origin", but not always. Ultimately the only way to understand the meaning fully is in the original German. You should rid yourself of the notion that there is a one to one correspondence between words in various languages. It is almost never true even at a surface level.

[@Jay-ate-a-bug]

According to Sumerian Cuneiform writings, Ur was the Largest City in the World 12,000 years ago.

[@maxonite]

@@Jay-ate-a-bug That’s not where the german prefix comes from though

[@mynameisjonboy]

It would be awesome if there was a collective project where scientists from all the different fields of study could add their expertise to a singular understanding of the history of our planet. It would be a single database to which all scientists add their little pieces, and the pieces begin forming a bigger picture that can inform everyone. It would also make it easier to find discrepancies in current understanding when one theory clashes with another, sparking further study to discover the third option that clears up the discrepancy.

[@masters.1000]

Centralised information is never the answer to anything.

[@ArsonBeanTanks]

​@@masters.1000 why tho

[@masters.1000]

@@ArsonBeanTanks Because then the people would be doomed. A ruling class determines what it is information and what is not. Something that happened right now with covid.

[@spectate0074]

Isnt that what wikipedia tried to be? im not sure

[@bon01_]

@@masters.1000 late reply but why?? The internet is basically that already

[@NewDealChief]

Revisiting this video after 2 years of not watching your channel. Gives me a sense of nostalgia because I've been a subscriber since 'What's the Longest River on Earth' video from 5 years ago.

[@geen-zin8187]

Looking at fossil records from this time is sounds about right. Most of the coal in central europe for example dates back to these eras, which means that there had to be many forrests en low lying swamps during this time. All the locations on your map indicate that this erea should be wet

[@elizabethshaw734]

I could see the Earth as a jigsaw puzzle when I was a child. I remember saying Daddy look they fit together! :-)

[@jakecolgate6903]

My mind is too dirty for this shit

[@jayus2033]

@@jakecolgate6903 you should make a fan fic of this comment.

[@d2rkprinc3]

@@jakecolgate6903 😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹😹 you cracked me man

[@Seriously_Unserious]

Another major factor that effects regional climate that was skipped in this video is prevailing winds. Along the equator, basically between the Tropics, they'll tend to be easterlies, the Trade Winds, angling towards the equator. Next out from the Tropics, you'll hit the temporate band, where the winds tend to blow in a westerly direction. As you reach the Arctic/Antarctic circles, the prevailing winds shift back to Easterlies again. This means you'll tend to see the sides of continents and mountain ranges that get the rainforest vs rain shadow effects reversing based on what side the prevailing winds are coming from. On your model, you show, for example the NE corner of Pangea as being very arid. I'd expect it to actually be rather fertile, despite the colder ocean currents, as they'd be getting onshore flows interacting with mountains, triggering rains on the western or windward (coastal) side of the mountains, and rain shadows on the opposite (eastern, inland) side. That would also make the eastern half of the north coast quite arid as most of the air would be cycling through cold arctic currents along the coast and over the longest continuous stretch of landmass in the interior. The southern side of this eastern peninsula area would be more moist because of the warm currents you mentioned and the Tethys bringing in more moisture to the coast. The southern coast I'd expect to be more arid, with fewer mountains to trap moisture from the prevailing westerlies there, with what mountains there are mostly either oriented east-west (parallel to the winds) or right up on the coast and a bit too far north and almost into the Trade Winds band. I'd expect to see some small coastal forests and larger savannas along the Antarctic peninsula on the westernmost edge and along the coast of the bay formed between that peninsula and the main bulk of the continent, but I'd expect desert to reign supreme in the southern hemisphere once past the tropical rainforests and savannas fed by the Tethys and Trade Winds with only smaller coastal savannas and forests or scrub along the coast, where local conditions would extract at least some moisture from the air, such as where local, smaller mountains or airmass interactions may create localized coastal (and possibly seasonal) rain belts.

[@TheRafark]

There’s less sun closer to the poles. There’s no way everything had a tropical climate

[@Seriously_Unserious]

@@TheRafark That's how it was during part of the age of dinosaurs. It's not a matter of "think" or "believe" it's a fact, proven by science. Earth's temperatures have not and will not always be what we've recorded for the past hundred or so years as "normal." there's been times when Earth was VERY cold, so cold glaciers covered the entire planet, even to the equators (2 separate incidents both referred to as "Snowball Earth). Other times it's been a lot hotter then we've been recording, hot enough there's been tropical plants and animals right up into the arctic circles. How do we know this? Fossils of tropical plants and animals in the sub arctic latitudes. Other indicators of temperature in rock and ice formations, and so on.

[@caravel9683]

This is one of the most interesting videos I’ve ever watched. Awesome job!

[@lukasmisanthrop8557]

An upload! YEEES! Your channel is amazing bro

[@clzm90]

I'd like to see how the continent look like on a globe. Does Pangaea only cover a fraction of the globe or is it much bigger?

[@SamanthaSeltzer]

clzm90 seeing as it’s the same land masses we have now, I would have to assume that the scale would be the same. 29% of the Earth’s surface is land, so imagine roughly a quarter sized chunk of the globe? :)

[@vanguardbreaker8826]

That’s pretty much all there is. If you watch Rise of the Continents you find theres a possibility of there being a couple of craton islands but that’s as much as you get and the cratons under the ocean are fairly small compared to Africa or Asia.

[@clzm90]

@@SamanthaSeltzer Where would Pangaea's location be? Was it at Asia's location?

[@cianrainsford8583]

@@clzm90 much nearer to the equator than the mostly northern landmasses now, with a lot in the southern hemisphere. It would be around africas location i suppose

[@downtoearthproductions]

Humans still haven't discovered all the land on this planet💯

[@hprhaiku]

It’s super interesting to know how much the Earth has changed since it began. Millions of years of erosion, collisions, volcanic eruptions and we began to comprehend these changes less than a hundred years ago. This video and the one about glaciers really puts time into perspective.

[@Lord_teleportdinero]

No one can defeat me

[@Knownonamexo]

Somehow this is one of my favorite KZbin video's. From time to time I rewatch it.

[@madcrazzy]

Me at 3 am: On KZbin Random guy: Wanna see what Pangaea looked like Watches it and it turns out to be a high quality educational video

[@aladarwendriner3694]

I'm glad I found your channel. Amazing interdisciplinar knowledge with a great ability to explain complex systems, keep up brother!

[@daniellanctot6548]

👏👏👏 This was like watching poetry in motion. Many thanks for that! I would ad my voice to someone's who mentionned a follow up with rivers, if there is such data, and/or using this map and and showing the Geographic locations of types of prehistoric creatures of the time (Somewhat like the livestock video you previously made). That would be very interesting! (And making a near complete ecosystem)

[@keith6706]

The problem with trying to locate rivers is that rivers are related to the detailed topography, and we simply don't have any ability to know what that was aside from "this area was mountainous, this area was probably flat". It's certainly possible to find river-deposited sediments, but it's unlikely you'll ever find a long enough section that you could accurately chart where the river ran beyond the immediate local area.

[@Matasejun]

@@keith6706 The Eastern coast towards Tethys sea was probably flooded by massive rivers like Amazon or Orinoco, even producing deltas like the Nile or Ebrus river, or sedimental plains, like Missisipi or Brahmaputra

[@jameslitteken2655]

Sir , that was one of the best quick videos on this subject yet ! I learned a lot . Thanks for educating us , bringing out out inner geological nerd for a bit !

[@marcjay077]

I was the first man to circle Pangaea in a hot air balloon, this video is a pretty accurate description! My journey was documented in the Galactic Book of Universal Records but was destroyed during continental shifting...

[@Kryddmeister]

Ok, Doctor Who

[@BullyGarfield.]

🧢

[@Tsukiko.97]

You need to upload more Atlas. I can only repeatedly binge watch your videos so many times 🙃

[@Lasesus]

Something to correct here: the Variscan orogeny did not create the Alps and Pyrenees or the other mountains listed, that was the alpidian orogeny which happened around the same time as the Himalayan because of Africa colliding with Eurasia. The Variscides are the Rhine Massif, Black Forest and Harz in Germany, Massif Central and Vosgeses in France and Ardennes in Belgium amongst other parts like the Ural. The Variscan orogeny was actually due to Laurussia colliding with Gondwana in the Carboniferous (along with the Amorican Terrains which are some elements that had split from Gondwana) The Scottish highlands are also a result of the caledonian orogeny that happened because of the collision of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia to form Laurussia in the early Devonian Aside from that this is a great video, greetings from a german geoscience student that had to learn far too much about the variscan orogeny

[@noellahoffman6975]

No one likes a know-it-all

[@felixpfeiffer9863]

thank you for extra info

[@LudosErgoSum]

Reconstructions like these could shed light on how dinosaurs came to dominate by the Triassic-Jurrasic extinction event. What biomes survived and gave them the edge to complete blow away all competition.

[@BaltimoreBama]

I’m not mad I randomly searched this. Very interesting 🧐

[@jaykay104]

Never disappoints.

[@sapphirebluemoon8704]

Same here

[@clem719]

This was incredibly fascinating and interesting. It was very well put together and quite educational. This actually made my day so much better because it was so cool and fun to watch and I’m actually in awe right now. Thank you

[@uniqko]

Thanks for sharing🙏

[@Juaji2233]

Amongus cheess

[@mayday6916]

As an amateur geologist I am endlessly fascinated about the tectonic plates and their mysterious movement. I want to mention that the mountain range in Scotland, which is a part of the Appalachians, goes via Ireland, Scotland, North Greenland, Norway and Sweden, ending in Svalbard!

[@terryparker1694]

That has been known for decades.

[@eliletts5158]

That is definitely the most detailed map of Pangea I have ever seen!!! Excellent work!!! 😉👍

[@lloydmckay3241]

Still can't fact check it.

[@honestal2684]

@@lloydmckay3241 they show the continents like they look like today but fitted together and that’s not true because the water levels where lower millions of years ago exposing way more land. Right ? I’m a little confused

[@tre43210]

@@lloydmckay3241 it’s called the continental drift it is taught in elementary school. It’s a theory like evolution. And something has to be disproven to be not true, not unproven.

[@FatheredPuma81]

Would honestly absolutely adore seeing a video talking about interesting mountain ranges such as the one split up between Morocco, the US, and Scottland.

[@erwinmanzano7596]

Those who disliked this video are surely the inhabitants of the extinct Pangaea.

[@odeleon24]

Pangea will rise again!

[@lloydmckay3241]

But they are still here?

[@YouTube_Central]

@@lloydmckay3241 no

[@thanosbustedinyourmum]

Flat earthers

[@YouTube_Central]

@@thanosbustedinyourmum No am a Cube Eather…

[@stevoplex]

I live in Connecticut. Old-timers speak of a time when they could walk to Morocco, just across the stream. The stream kept getting wider and eventually, they watched Morocco disappear beyond the southeast horizon.

[@igormitt]

Funny thing is that despite its age the Guiana Shield still has the highest brazilian mountain, called Pico da Neblina.

[@sacrificialfetus4727]

I edited this comment so the replies make no sense :)

[@carbonator3211]

It is

[@Tsukiko.97]

Yup, check outs. I just searched the definiton of HQ on the urban dictionary. I got a link to this page.

[@jnrfalcon]

For someone never studied climatology, this is an "OK for effort but clearly wrong for the most part" answer.

[@fizzy4742]

Oui wee

[@jnrfalcon]

@@bobbart4198 look for my replies below. They are there. I don't want to bury important information in a reply to another reply.