the physics of pokémon evolution

[@Jac2587]

"I've read the literature" with The Very Hungry Caterpillar displayed on screen is the best part of this video.

[@Amethyst_Friend]

Great childhood book

[@ace.of.space.]

+

[@jameshart2622]

Truly the best part. The kind of joke only somebody who knows what they are talking about can make.

[@Jablicek]

The dry humour is what got me hooked. Quiet, understated - I bet Angela's really fun in one of those unwieldy conversations (the ones where you all infodump about *all* your current interests). :)

[@randomblogger2835]

While it mostly misrepresents the diet of the caterpillar, it does cover the main point well, caterpillars (and other larvae) are eating machines.

[@Arithryka]

"I enjoy watching people enjoying things more than I enjoy things" is basically the whole reason twitch and youtube exist

[@theprinceofinadequatelighting]

I enjoy commenting on people talking about people watching people enjoying things more than they enjoy things.

[@Tamacat388]

When you come across something like that that feels genuine it can feel pretty good!

[@FunBotan]

Anhedonia + strong empathy = you can only enjoy other people enjoying things

[@DavidLindes]

@@FunBotan indeed. (non-romantic) compersion for the win, though, in such a case. 😐

[@wicksleysnipes1476]

Reminds me of the concept of Mudita. I like it!

[@howdyfriends7950]

5:55 so, fun fact: munchlax is a friendship evolution, so my theory is that he's actually consuming 355kg worth of friendship, and leading up to his evolution it's in the form of a diffuse gas that surrounds him (hence why evolution is a big glowing ball of light, not just the pokemon glowing, that's 355kg of friendship around him glowing, and then being incorporated into his flesh)

[@Shiftarus]

You don't get to be good friends with a Munchlax unless you have been feeding him. Food = Happiness

[@TonkarzOfSolSystem]

Sounds like magic to me…

[@Brandon-bc1fz]

​​@TonkarzOfSolSystem science is essentially magic. Like early man looked at the stormy night sky with lightning and stuff thinking it was magic. However it was science without them realizing it!

[@louisvictor3473]

You just feed 400kg of your friends to him real quick while he puts up a light show distraction, instantly bloating in size and mass. That's why snorlax sleeps immediately after evolving, so it can digest the friends you just fed it.

[@ktktktktktktkt]

24:40 "Specifically, I want a big chunk of Thorium 228 inside Munchlax." - Dr. Angela Collier, 2023

[@neetenshi]

According to all known laws of physics, there is no way a Pokémon should be able to evolve. Its mass is too small to turn into its evolved form. The Pokémon, of course, evolves anyway because Pokémon don't care what humans think is impossible.

[@ccgarciab]

Love the combee movie

[@bowenmadden6122]

"These are WINTER BOOTS!" *it's super effective!*

[@Kycilak]

The perfect comment doesn't exi...

[@Deipnosophist_the_Gastronomer]

Pokélife finds a way.

[@enoyna1001]

​@@Kycilak This comment was already made 25 years ago before KZbin's parents even met.

[@The_Real_Quantum]

I love the variety of this channel. Electromagnetism -> economics -> Pokémon.

[@trickvro]

Don't forget the history of string theory (while playing a video game), silicon-based life, and fluoride!

[@gdclemo]

And alkaline water. With lemon.

[@The_Real_Quantum]

​@@trickvroplaying binding of Isaac while explaining string theory was seriously cool though that takes serious skill

[@nmlss-r9]

​@@The_Real_QuantumShe actually won without barely losing her train of thought.

[@LordAJ12345]

Space Elevator!

[@trickvro]

Physicist DESTROYS Pokémon Evolution - Nintendo HATES Her!

[@TheJunmengo]

The truth about Pokemon that mainstream media doesn't want you to know

[@langerjunge]

​@@TheJunmengo graph #17 will shock you

[@bobfish7699]

I strongly suspect this entire pokemon discussion was a just an avenue to get to the debunking of the oppenheimer story.

[@Rc3651]

That's exactly what I thought! I'm sort of reminded of the people who went to a conspiracy podcast to intentionally spread a made-up story about Bigfoot in space so that they could covertly give accurate mini-science lessons on biology. The conspiracy host still believes in her conspiracies even after the hoax was revealed, but she knows the difference between a race and a species now 😂

[@dm9910]

My headcanon: Pokemon don't instantaneously pull the energy/mass required for evolution from their surroundings, but instead build it up gradually over time. This material is stored in another dimension (other dimensions are already a thing in the Pokemon universe - that's been established) until the Pokemon has gathered enough energy and battle experience to hit some critical threshold, which is why their size and weight remain constant until evolution. The big flash of light is waste/excess energy. Pocket dimensions are also my explanation for why Pokemon can be stored in Pokeballs and PCs - in the latter case even being accessible from anywhere in the world, suggesting that the spatial dimensions must be orthogonal to these pocket dimensions.

[@LibertyMonk]

"Pocket dimensions are also my explanation for why Pokemon can be stored in Pokeballs" I'm pretty sure that's basically cannon. Though, "dimension" may or may not just mean "it's bigger on the inside" rather than "there's an entire mini-universe completely separate from our own"

[@unixtreme]

The energy is represented by levels in the game that’s why evolving require levels.

[@NeoShameMan]

​@@LibertyMonkwell pokeball don't get more weight when a Pokémon is inside, also they grow and shrink for uses. Looks like a 4th dimension thing to me.

[@Oscar-ek2jx]

In the games the pokemon actually just get shrunk down by the pokeball. The anime changed peoples perspective on what actually happens

[@yuukireina]

The official explanation in current lore (unless there's something I've missed or forgotten, it's been a while) is that Pokémon do in fact shrink to enter the ball. Also, the Pokémon themselves are made (at least in part) of something called infinity energy (ORAS, Delta Episode). The first theory I can think of regarding all this is that somehow a Pokémon controls this energy to exert a force downward that we interpret as weight. Maybe Pokémon are more like Gems in Steven Universe (floating rock controlling EM fields to visually and tactically appear as different shapes). idk lol

[@shadowzlie]

Alternative theories: -The pokemon worlds atmosphere has a higher concentration of water then earths -Pokemon jump into a large body of water shortly before evolving -Evolution is much more gradual then the games portray -They just eat dirt

[@devforfun5618]

or the snorlax doesnt increase his weight imediatelly after evolving

[@fgf80]

Hmm…. Perhaps they are silicon-based organisms. Silt, clay, or other mineral-based dirt would have a bunch of it.

[@RedstoNeman0]

obviously the gradual growth is what is intended to be understood except for metamorphoses, mass accumulation of obviously non-carbon lifeforms, and other exceptions (beldum and such), but there's also a weird thing with the principles of evolution in the weird setting details in the early versions of the story pokemons were just really special magical animals alongside real animals, except they have extreme body adaptations and when weakened they shrivel down to minuscule size it was the explanation for pokeballs, but also evolution was understood to be a similar phenomenon so uh, pokemons are mostly air and only absorb minuscule amounts of mass to change visually I guess? funnily it's a similar handwave explanation to titans in attack on titan, with both not explaining how they would still have mass at all for their visible size with later generations all living life is pokemons with back and forths on whether that includes humans or not, so return to case 0 I guess

[@johnsober]

​@@RedstoNeman0titan's mass is explained in the manga btw

[@coreyander286]

I think the Pokémon universe is just filled with more ambient energy than ours is, and this extra ambient energy somehow doesn't affect natural physical processes and fry everyone from within, but can be tapped into by Pokémon for rapid matter creation, and sometimes by humans for the crazy technology found in the games.

[@LieseFury]

somewhere, an employee at game freak is furiously writing down "Pokémium" and underlining it several times

17:21 Missed a huge opportuinity to say, "We're not colliers". (I only found out recently that "collier" is, among other things, another name for "coal miner".)

[@coreyander286]

There's some great-great-great grand-ancestor in Great Britain choking up and saying "Yes you are, great-great-great grand-descendant. You're a real coal miner!"

[@flotsamMM]

Dr. Collier is my favorite Pokémon professor

[@deyesed]

Prof. Rowan move aside

[@johnsober]

While suspension of disbelief does help us enjoy games, books, movies, series, etc, it's also a lot of fun to make fun about how ridiculous things can get and be in fiction and fantasy. And I love that.

[@chrstfer2452]

It always amuses me when people say "why cant you just suspend your disbelief and have fun?" Like bruh, this is fun.

[@vulixirus]

​@@chrstfer2452I think a lot of it comes from the cinema sins/nostalgia critic angle of taking things like "pokemon evolution doesn't make sense" as actual criticism. But then people misapply it to people just having fun lol

[@chrstfer2452]

@@vulixirus yeah but ive definitely known people who would say something like that when i point out that liquid metal isnt flesh in terminator 2, or how an air cannister doesnt blow up like that during Jaws. But also, who knows how far the recursive irony goes, maybe that *was* their humor. At some point it just becomes pingpong.

[@stylis666]

@@chrstfer2452 Let's do the physics on Antman after he goes "subatomic" :p There's so much fun there! The quantum tunneling, the sheer size and energy of literally any particle that he and his wife would interact with, including photons and what it would do to them, their states while nothing interacts with them. If they can see anything besides a giant flash of their brains vapourizing when a photon hits them, what particle or wavelength of light would their eyes then be registering? And how many do you need to fit through their pupils to get high enough resolution to get a recognizable picture? And how dense are they? Do they still have their original mass? Because that could be a problem if you're smaller than an electron :p Very intimate if they ever run into each other :p But slightly problematic nonetheless :p At least that solves the problem of what particles they consist of, because no other black hole ever worried about such things :p

[@algumnomeaihehe]

shadowboxing innit

[@AAjax]

Those big pokemon somehow fit into those tiny pokeballs, so *obviously* they have access to some kind of pocket universe or additional spatial dimension, which is where the extra matter comes from. 😉

[@sealionroar]

Is it like banks, where the mass for evolution and reconstitution comes from other pokemon in pokeballs

[@user-sl6gn1ss8p]

@@sealionroaris there a crash if everyone want to draw their pokémon at the same time?

[@matthewfitzpatrick2410]

Clearly, when you press 'B' to cancel the evolution, you're just canceling the Thorium download from the 10th string theory dimension.

[@LimeyLassen]

Even though we're talking about economics don't google pokemon inflation

[@kamenml]

I was hoping at some point I'd hear "Now, I'm not a Doctor in Pokenomics, but.."

[@chaotickreg7024]

Now I may be just a simple country PokeProf...

[@platypusoj7321]

Angela: "christmas gifts are bad" Also Angela: gives us the best christmas gift by dropping back to back videos

[@cpt0bvius]

And it was indeed a great gift as it took time, and it was something we surely wouldn't get ourselves.

[@tawabunny]

this is a good gift according to the inequality used in her video as the dollar worth to us of this vid is higher than the dollar worth of her effort in making it :)

[@Ryukachoo]

I feel like this entire video is leading up to "the flash of light is cherenkov radiation, and Ash is going to die"

[@NickRuedig]

That was pretty much the cards after the credits

[@Gh0stwheel84]

"I've actually read the literature on caterpillars."

[@orangebutnotred]

You know, I was beginning to suspect that pokemon wasn't real.

[@Fidtz]

Lego have a super specialized and as secret as they can be injection moulding process that has a crazy level of precision for toys. It basically lets them get the "tight but not difficult" level of fit. And makes them cost a bit more brick for brick even given the volume differences.

[@tfkia356]

​@@cancermcaids7688Lego prices have been around ten cents a piece since the nineties. They are, in fact, the opposite of gouging.

[@greedy1596]

“You would see this event, and then you’d ever see again.” Calmly continues to proceed explaining the physics again. Amazing, no notes xD

[@kevinpiala6258]

Easily best line.

[@bigmike-]

"Why would you play Pokemon Yellow when you could play Link to the Past?" I have never heard a more accurate and beautiful sentence in my entire life.

[@LettersAndNumbers300]

Didn’t she mean OoT?

[@bigmike-]

​@@LettersAndNumbers300there was a GB cart for it as well. She was specifically talking about playing GB games on her n64

[@LettersAndNumbers300]

@@bigmike- oooooh yeah!

[@alexjohnward]

​@@bigmike-no there wasn't, there was a really good Zelda on Game Boy, but it wasn't LTTP. My guess, I think she meant Ocarina.

[@the-pink-hacker]

I love how this video goes from Pokemon to Oppenheimer and how the apple story is false, then back to Pokemon.

[@Skibbityboo0580]

i am super proud of myself for thinking "I think fusing a thousand pounds of nitrogen into water is going to release a lot of energy...".

[@hummingfrog]

Thank you for the information on Oppenheimer and the apple! I was shocked when I saw that scene in the movie, because it seemed so unbelievable, and yet I couldn't imagine that Nolan had simply fabricated such an outlandish incident for dramatic purposes. Afterwards I went straight to Wikipedia and read the cites, and came to the conclusion that _something_ had happened, even if not the highly lethal version of the incident portrayed in the movie. The fact that Oppenheimer told the story himself gave it credibility, even if I had a hard time making sense of how it could have played out. But I assumed that what those sources had to say about disciplinary actions and intervention by his influential (i.e., wealthy) parents was based on contemporary records, so if those don't records exist then there isn't much reason to think it happened. I don't really blame Nolan; he was just going by the book. But thanks for digging deeper.

[@johnpaulcross424]

Just when I think this channel can’t get any better, we get a Pokémon video essay. Thank you.

[@Dihydrousoxide]

27:45 "You would see the event, then you would never see again." 🤣

[@Atomhaz]

My 6 year old said “technically a caterpillar becomes a chrysalis not a cocoon.” Which I also did not know. I told him he was being pedantic

[@OlleLindestad]

Hi, I am an entomologist and your son is entirely correct and bless his little heart. To be clear, some caterpillars do also make a cocoon first. But a cocoon is just that - something you make, not something you turn into. It's like a silk bed for the chrysalis to lie inside of.

[@brianbedient2108]

Technically correct is the best kind of correct

[@eric3347]

Shallow and pedantic

[@lkyuvsad]

The kid’s going to be alright

[@LimeyLassen]

That child in on the right track

[@1mrs1]

I read the Oppenheimer story in a Malcom Gladwell book. In Gladwell's telling, Oppenheimer was able to talk his way out of getting expelled. Gladwell used it as an example of how in order to be successful, merely being brilliant is not sufficient, you also need these social skills. He contrasted it with a mathematical genius who was working at McDonald's. I guess knowing what I know now about Gladwell, the fact that he made the whole "talking out of expulsion" part is not that surprising.

[@deptofcarstereorepair]

as someone who has never found Pokemon appealing this has been the best video involving Pokemon I've ever seen

[@quinnocent]

I can't relate to knowing anything about physics or science, but I can relate to thinking thumb holes are awesome

[@Naedlus]

"So it's not fusion" Dangit! My highschool understanding was hoping you'd calculate out the volume and strength of vacuum required to make a Snorlax from a Munchlax, as well as the amount of energy released as heat from the final process, and if the remains would merely be cooked, or spread over a five kilometre range

[@KitaBFawkes]

So, Pokemon has a metaphysical element called "Light." Light is basically a physical manifestation of will and determination. Light was spread through existance when Necrozma in it's Ultra forme became... unstable? aggressive? some event occurred, taking all of its "Light" and scattering it through Pokemon's multiverse. Light is not a limited resource. It seems to be able to corrupt regular light with its essence. The reason Pokemon glow with light when they evolve is because their determination is reacting with the stored Light they have within them, which builds slowly as they fight and clash with other beings that use Light. Light is also the source of Pokemon moves and other effects.

[@bongodango]

It seems likely that Pokemon have some integral or internal energy storage that isn't apparent or in the form of mass. After all, they have a finite amount of uses of each ability before they need to "recharge". Pokemon are also observed to become some plasma-like material when entering a Pokeball, clearly decreasing in both mass and volume. I'm no physicist but maybe this could patch up some holes in the theory of pokemon

[@victorreis8110]

angela,,,,,, my feed is just pokemon videos and physics videos. You have NO IDEA how excited i was to see this post i clicked it in half a second .

[@samgentle]

Maybe evolutions pull spare mass from whatever little wormhole pocket dimension thingy makes the pokeballs work... I mean, you're telling me lil Noodle Arms Ketchum is lifting 460kg with one hand just 'cause it's in a ball? All that mass has gotta be going somewhere!

[@TheDanEdwards]

*She said "goo" when speaking of caterpillar metamorphosis.* Invertebrate biologists beware!

[@datadrivendave]

She posted her source for caterpillar knowledge. Take it up with the original authors. :p (yes, I know the book does not talk about the goo thing)

[@OlleLindestad]

Hi, I'm an invertebrate biologist. As of your comment I am now on high alert. Please let me know when I can turn this flashing red light off.

[@coreyander286]

I'd love to find a video on how metamorphosizing butterflies and moths evovled. I heard about that scandal involving Lynn Margulis, where she allegedly, and I'm going off memory here so be skeptical of me, used her influence to get a paper published that shouldn't have, because the paper was suggesting that caterpillars and butterflies were once two separate lineages that engaged in a macroscopic endosymbiosis into one single species that metamorphizes from the one species to the other in its single lifetimes. And I thought, "Wow, that is really a stain on Margulis's legacy, imagine giving credit to a theory as crazy as caterpillars and butterflies once being separate species." And then I thought, "Wait, what _does_ the evolutionary history of the butterfly look like? Did caterpillars used to metamorphosize into like a... half-caterpillar half-butterfly stage? Maybe that theory _was_ right." Then I took a step back and thought about how different so many larvae stages were from their corresponding adult stages, and it only seems exceptional with butterflies because they're so exotic looking. I think?

[@OlleLindestad]

@@coreyander286 I don't know the paper or the story and can't tell you whether Margulis was involved, but I can tell you for sure that the hypothesis is bunk. There are no documented cases of two animal species merging into one in such a way; if there were, we would be able to tell, because this chimaera creature would contain DNA with two separate evolutionary lineages. Metamorphosis isn't unique to butterflies and moths; they belong to a larger clade of insects, called the endopterygotes, that all develop through larval->pupal->adult stages. Beetles, wasps and flies are all endopterygotes, for example. Across this clade, there's pretty wide variation in how different the larval, pupal and adult stages are from one another. Moths and butterflies are on the extreme end, whereas many beetles, for example, have a pretty similar basic body shape in all three stages. (And there's a strong pattern where the more different the adult stage is from the larval stage, the longer the pupal stage is, as there's more remodeling of the body that needs to be done for adulthood.) So when you imagine the evolution of insect metamorphosis, you can imagine that the original endopterygotes would've been closer to the beetle end of the spectrum, and for some groups (like butterflies), the larval and adult stages gradually became more and more different over time, as they became increasingly ecologically specialized in divergent ways (e.g. larvae eating leaves; adults eating nectar). And yes, you're right, nature is full of other animal groups whose larval forms look hugely different from the adults, but they get much less publicity. :)

[@deriznohappehquite]

So, I kind of assumed that pokemon “evolution” is basically just maturation. It would just require a whole lot of sprites/character models to have pokemon mature over time.

[@user-sl6gn1ss8p]

the problem with this is that the stats increase rates just jump upon evolution. Also, the level the pokémon learn moves at changes, and you can postpone evolution to get access to some moves earlier (or even at all), pointing to a discrete change. There are also levels, which work as a "maturation" marker (and are not tied to age). That's besides the fact that evolution as a (mostly) sharp thing is depicted in all media. Also, stone and trade evolution would still be left unexplained, so you'd have to have at least two mechanisms, even though they'd work the same way in when it comes to all of these stuff. So, all in all, I think evolution is really supposed to be a sharp thing. And, like, pokémon can be transformed into whatever it is and sucked into pokéballs, which can even be made out of berries, so it's not like this kind of stuff is all that "out there" in the pokémon world.

[@jessh4016]

@@user-sl6gn1ss8p Irrelevant, those are game mechanics

[@LazyMaybe]

There are, in fact, instances of first-stage pokemon that have grown old, the most famous example being that old treeko that shows up in the anime.

[@voidify3]

Yeah it’s like how the sims has finite life stages and when a sim ages up from child to teen they instantly go from like 8 to 16 in terms of appearance

[@deriznohappehquite]

@@LazyMaybe IDK I have a dog that never went through puberty because he was born without testes.

[@Kthron]

Sean Carrol: "there is no such thing as waves or particles, there's only fields....of pokemon"

[@Harrow_the_Ninth]

you are now officially my favorite physicstuber

[@TheJunmengo]

What took you so long?

[@consensuslphisk]

I love candy eevie's videos! Its always fun to hear one youtuber you like watches another, especially when theyre so unrelated like this

[@snowballeffect7812]

21:06 I'm not entirely sure if this is the exact same effect (i'm like 99% sure, but have found literally no one talking about it online), but in certain very specific conditions with hot beverages (i drink tea so mostly seen it with that), you can have a layer of steam floating above the water and if you look closely, you can see streaks appear the surface, just like in a cloud chamber. The situation required is probably tea that was steaming hot but has started to cool, very still air (so indoors) and probably not very low humidity. Curious to see if other people have seen this effect over their hot beverages, too.

[@prthedisaster]

I always thought the weight/height you get from Pokedex were like pretty generous averages like yeah a Snorlax is gonna be 460 pounds by like years after evolving but evolution might just be a top percentile weight munchlax becoming a bottom percentile Snorlax Pokemon go though has upper and lower bounds of weight for each species and the rarities of those extremes so you could feasibly argue that the *Statistics* of pokemon dont make sense instead of the Physics

[@soyoltoi]

Alternative theory: Pokémon gradually store energy while battling and leveling up. The form they store it in is studied by Pokémon scientists like Professor . Then they convert that energy to mass in a similar way you described.

[@cctz_1]

Something u might be interested in is that early pokemon concepts / worldbuilding had evolved mons basically be entirely different species and it was THEORISED that one of em evolved into the other at some point in time and the rapid evolution from levelling up was actually an insane newfound phenomenon so until it was discovered they can do that, the pokemon world DID kinda use real world principles of evolution

[@quiksilverrandom]

Just a little magnitude correction for 7:18 Lets assume 2% water in the air, 1m³ weights around 1kg which makes ~20g water per m³. For 400kg that would be 20000m³ or a cube with sidelengths of ~27m.

[@alexjohnward]

What's the half sphere radius?

[@Viniter]

Okay, but if we accept that Pokemon can force Thorium to decay at will, we might as well assume they can keep an unstable element from decaying, right? What if they carry a pellet of some stupidly heavy element with very long decay chain inside of them primed to go? Could that work?

[@nmlss-r9]

Maybe but only if they shat a very big turd of lead just as they finish evolving.

[@killerm5]

About the Legos, I received a lego set of a star wars spaceship when I was like 7-9 years old. I had multiple ones but that one was just not good. It fell apart on its own and was not as high quality as the other ones. My mother sent them a letter saying that it was not as we expected, they actually responded saying that this model had issues and that it was now resolved, and they sent a brand new version fixed version of that one for free without asking for the old one in return. Actually good customer service. It might be why they were (I have no clue if they are still the same after all these years) very good products.

[@idontwantahandlethough]

Idk how the hell you pick your video topics, but PLEASE never change your method because it is amazing 🤗

[@ChrisEdsall]

Absolute LOL the literature review at 2:55

[@Doron488]

"I've actually read the literature on caterpillars" (shows picture of the hungry hungry caterpillar) I chuckled :>

[@K13xK3k5]

Love the video. I thought about this on weed once, so here is my suggestion for an explanation: "Experience" is actually an extremely dense, stable material, which, when enough of it available, results in a fusion-evolution. The weight is discounting the weight of experience, it is the theoretical weight at level 1.

[@cptobvius]

So when a caterpillar changes to a butterfly it does lose weight, but that’s not due to energy usage, right? It’s mass going towards the creation of the cacoon which isn’t resorbed and some loss of water weight due to desiccation. Now I get for the Pokémon we are considering these are near magical creatures so maybe they can do some transubstantiation stuff, or concert energy into mass but the beginning makes it sound like caterpillars do that too!

[@nmlss-r9]

Rearranging matter like that is not free. It has to disolve itself and grow the cells again like a fetus. And just like us they get their energy from stored fat which later gets breathed out as co2. "butterflies experience a great loss in body fat during metamorphosis." Butterflies Lose Body Fat During Metamorphosis - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

[@queens.dee.223]

Do they respire or do something similar while cocooned up? If so, some of their mass could be lost in the form of carbon dioxide and water.

[@LimeyLassen]

@@queens.dee.223 Also, poo.

[@cptobvius]

@@nmlss-r9 Thats a great point! I completely neglected that factor! So as a follow up I just read an article about fatty acid composition from Blue Morpho butterflies. They lose about 2/3 of their fat content between larva and adult, from 20mg to 7 mg. The total weight goes from 471 to 282 mg, so about 7% of that weight loss is presumably from the fat conversion into C02! The majority will still be water loss and caccoon materials presumably but that's definitely a non-zero number!

[@OPNotes]

I love how all roads/genres can lead to this channel

[@christiansiebott6881]

There's a word for your joy for other people's joy. It's called confelicity. Some people call it freudenfreud but that's a made-up English word derived from its antithesis, the very real German word schadenfreude (joy in others' suffering). Love your channel.

[@curtisblake261]

I used to work with a guy who was into Pokémon Go. Sometimes we'd be out walking and I was just out for the walk but he was out there for Pokemon Go, which made for some weird encounters.

[@davidsenra2495]

Your channel is so diverse regarding the range of subjects you talk about. And this is great. Keep it up.

[@sguattera]

I watched 4 videos of yours since yesterday and you've become like my fav youtube channel !! you deserve waaaay more subs keep up the great work :)

[@seanc6128]

My theory has always been that pokemon are some kind of futuristic hologram or something like that. It's the only way I could figure they are able to fit in a pokeball.

[@kingofthend]

No you just squish them really hard.

[@sphaera2520]

What if we apply simulation theory to the poke universe. Their world is inside a simulation, so Pokémon being converted into data and stored inside a ball can make sense.

[@elifia]

So they're not actual physical monsters, they're digital? Digital monsters? Digimon for short.

[@argilesven9481]

they were always imagined to be shrunken, and in Legends Arceus, it's mentioned that they get small.

[@facingup1624]

I love this My knowledge of Pokemon is also limited to Pokemon snap - great game confirmed - so I have no objections to anything you've said.

[@curtisblake261]

These videos are usually kind of like wait, what? Which is why I like them. Game boy was way before my time but my son used to love his Gameboy. I'd look at it and say how can you even see anything on this? It's not backlit or anything.

[@tridiminished]

Now this is the kind of content I come here for!......Finding out someone else played link to the past over and over.

[@ZuperZocker]

0:51 paused to see where the harden game was listed (the only one I remember to this day) and saw S, so this seems correct to me

[@throckmortensnivel2850]

I know you work hard at math and physics, and have for a long time, but I also must say you are inspired in creating your presentations. Perhaps the hard work leads to the inspiration. Carry on!

[@miked6184]

I like how you approach a fantasy biology problem by turning it into a physics question

[@buntekuh01]

Now we know why all Pokemon trainers are children, all the adults die of radiation poisoning.

[@nmlss-r9]

There's also a rehabilitation center for all the blind people who got to "see" one evolution too many.

[@yetanothercsstudent]

I have no clue about physics and I never watched or played Pokémon. And I’m in danger of running late for an appt. Obviously I’m going to spend the full half hour watching this.

[@ryanparker260]

1:25 is incredibly relatable. I've watched so much pokemon content, although i don't play the games at all, because it's such a fascinating and complex topic, and the people are obviously passionate about it.

[@JohnRomeoAlpha]

Swallowtail butterfly instars look like they are evolving.

[@ChefTinman]

Just want to say your matching glasses and nails are really cool

[@DrownedLamp]

What? Pikachu is evolving! He demands 4x his weight in 'jelly doughnuts' to continue. No no not his current weight, 4x his expected evolution weight.

[@silentraven9792]

Next rant: Full Metal Alchemist. Equivalent exchange? What about the energy??

[@KMO325]

They legalized weed where Dr. Collier lives and now we are going to get very interesting physics videos from now on😂. Next video will be an hour long and titled “Hands…Why?”

[@consensuslphisk]

Hands video when

[@LogjammerDbaggagecling-qr5ds]

Or "Duuuuuude..."

[@russtin1]

That explains the “1 MeV per proton” gaff

[@rajkorlash]

You can't change the caterpillar, the caterpillar has to want to change.

[@SSardonic]

Thanks for clearing up the Oppenheimer poisoning incident. I thought it was fictionalized in the movie, read the Vanity Fair article and thought it really DID happen, and now thanks to you I get that it was all just misinformation. So you set the record straight for at least one of your audience members who really needed it!

[@snowballeffect7812]

22:55 several of my high school teachers did use transmute, but I guess kind of like a colloquialism? I don't think it's technically incorrect and I prefer it because it's more concise and we know exactly what it means: changing one element to another. I encourage the use of the words "transmute" and "transmutation" in academic speech lol.

[@AnonymerVIP]

I really enjoyed this Video and also while watching I was trying to come up with my own theory, how it could work. Here is my theory: Pokemon have in the atomic nuclei of their organic matter special long living hyperons: Pokerons. These Pokerons have a absurdly high cross sections with neutrinos. When you train a Pokemon its muscle and bone tissue gets more dense until one point it evolves. At this point every neutrino gets fully absorbed and the missing mass is all the neutrino energy which get absorbed (Pokerons turning into different heavier Pokerons through weak processes). We can now approximate how long the evolution process for Munchlax --> Snorlax takes with neutrinos. m_diff= 355 kg = 2.2E29 MeV/c² A_Munchlax= pi*(60cm)² = 11309 cm² flux of pp solar neutrinos: F_nu,pp= 6E10 cm²/s ; E_pp ~ 0.3 MeV per neutrino flux of Be7 solar neutrinos: F_nu,Be7= 4.8E9 cm²/s ; E_Be7 ~ 0.86 MeV per neutrino cosmic neutrinos: F_nu,cosmic= 1E22 cm²/s; E_cosmic ~ 0.1 meV = 1E-10 MeV per neutrino This means Munchlax gets from the neutrinos (Sum_i F_i*E_i)*A_Munchlax = 1.155E16 MeV/s. Which is like 2.06E-11 grams mass gain per second. So the evolution process would take 606329 years. 😬 Well that was a long walk down a windy beach to a café that was closed.

[@thylacoleonkennedy7]

I actually can't wait to see your take on, uh, basically everything in the Mass Effect series (also for an authentic experience make sure to watch this listening to the original 16-bit theme to Violet City blasting. Gen II > Gen I, fight me)

[@cartermurphy1618]

“We’re gonna have Thorium-228 inside of our Munchlax”

[@LordAJ12345]

I love this channel so much! You just never know what to expect

[@stormd]

I was curious enough to do the math on absorbing Snorlax's 355kg of water from the atmosphere. At 4% by mass, you need 25kg of air to extract 1kg of water. 25kg of air is 19,338L, so you need around 6.9 million L of air to extract 355 kg of water. That's about 3 Olympic swimming pools full! In liquid form that's water would fill 355L, about the size of a small waterbed mattress. Now I have no idea how Munchlax is supposed to absorb that water from the air, just that's how much air he needs to extract the water from

[@g.f.martianshipyards9328]

I love how when hbomberguy drops a new video these days, it impacts the internet like an actual hydrogen bomb.

[@TomBombadil7]

Hydrogen Bomber Guy

[@LimeyLassen]

I love how even science channels are like "I'll cite my sources so Harris Bomber doesn't get me"

[@DuckPerc]

I can't believe my physics youtube and my bread youtube are colliding like this.

[@spaghetti_dm]

Thought about this exact topic and I've had a couple intelligent thoughts about. The main thing we maybe need to get out of our heads is the shining light probably shouldn't be treated as literal and maybe as just as game convention and/or another "child's perspective" trait of the series. If you can manage that caveat pokemon evolutions aren't too wacky-wacky-goofy? That said: -A lot of the bug-type and dragon-type *pupate. They live as a worm, then they turn into a cocoon or a crysalis, and then emerge as a beautiful butterfly/godzilla. -Other pokemon go through *frog-osis? Like, they're a tadpole but they eventually grows legs and buttcheeks, etc *Plant pokemon seem to go through their own uniquely plant-flavored metamorphasis that's *mostly* symbiotic but occasionally parasitic? Bulbasaur matures a long with their cycad, but paras basically gets theseus' shipped by their fungus. -Some pokemon really are "it just got bigger" which I don't see any different from just physically maturing/puberty. -Pokemon like Eevee I almost think go through some kind of epigenetic process? As in, like Axolotls, they remain neotonic, but can drastically change physiological upon exposure to consistent different environmental conditions?

[@victorreis8110]

The catch with the Pokémon world, as far as I understand as a long term fan, is that there there are lots of energy around all the time and a bunch of technology to utilize of such energy to interact with Pokémon. People don’t carry the same energy to Pokémon (who will produce indefinite amount of its specific type’s energy on demand through its moves). People on the other hand do not evolve, get fancy attacks or stack elementals, they can only create technology to harvest what Pokémon are. Honestly for all I know, they could resemble yokai and not be some regular interaction of matter at all, akin to spirits of some sort

[@Thorite_Gem]

25:22 Yoooo, this is the source of my online name! So cool to see in a video about Pokémon and Physics!!

[@rapoker847]

thats how i played pokemon red for the first time, with the N64 adapter and pokemon stadium

[@betelgayze]

this video is absolutely delightful! my morning just went from subpar to nice :] thank you!

[@TheMe9595]

There is one pokemon, outside of the actual cocoon pokemon like metapod, that talks about eating a ton and then evolving. That being larvitar. However it also says in the Pokédex that it eats an entire mountain and then pupates (doesn’t use that word) into its evolution pupitar.

[@ETBTS]

funny thing is this channel seriously is carrying ALL of physics youtube for me, I know a lot of good maths channels but no physics 😊

[@sirshendu2e01]

BobbyBroccoli is a good physics channel too.

[@sirshendu2e01]

Recently 3blue1brown is releasing a series of videos looking in depth at Optics. You should check them out, they are really different and good. Something you might not get in Jackson or Griffiths textbook

[@nmlss-r9]

​@@sirshendu2e01As much as I love his videos they are not really physics but history of physics.

[@Amethyst_Friend]

UpandAtom, Science Asylum, PBS Spacetime, Sean Carroll’s biggest ideas in the universe series

[@the-pink-hacker]

Physics for the Birds is a great channel

[@RepChris]

12:25 , yes people have thought of using antimatter anihilation for an engine (rocket engine to be percice). I read a wikipedia article about it at some point and if memory serves the most realistic proposal was just a radiothermal rocket (using the reaction to heat something then using that something to push the rocket), with one of the main issues being actually capturing most of the annihilation products like gamma rays and not having them fly off into space wasting all that released energy

[@iLLadelph267]

i didn't know you had a Patreon! I'm totally down to support! you literally just get on the camera and go, and I want more folks in your field to do that. i binge the hell out of several hour long discussions nerding out on both real science and theoretical fun like this! i absolutely love it! please keep doing what your doing ma'am 👏 (I hate emojis, I want Twitch/Discord/BTTV emotes over here so I can properly address my hype beyond a shitty hand clap 😂 )

[@grayaj23]

I think you could do it with an external source of thorium. The accumulation of lead is what makes the muchlaxx heavier, and is why the snorlaxx is so tired all the time.

[@eitherrideordie]

My opinion is that the assumption on weight taken is wrong. We assume that the weight is static and taken after the metamorphisis? But I feel its more of a max weight after it. Eg pokemon 100kg squirtle doesn't increase much in weight / growth as it doesn't need as much energy and the weight sorta stays there. But when it metamorphises it becomes a100kg wartotle but now it needs more energy for growth/attacks/etc so it starts to eat more and grows to a higher weight class.

[@alonskii]

Another great video! Love your presentation and your voice. One small note, put a picture of your face or something recognisable on the thumbnail because I didn't understand why the algorithm keeps harassing me with this Pokémon video. (I usually watch your videos as soon as they drop)

[@MarshmallowRadiation]

The power of science is amazing!

[@bobiboulon]

For an moment I thought we were going to totally leave the main subject and venture into some Grimm story. But somehow we came back to Snorlax. And physics.

[@yesbloomsan4290]

fun video. i haven't finished watching but writing down some notes here -exp could be some kind of expression for mass and energy -exp gained could be stored in the balls, then consumed when the evolution threshold is reached. -the balls can store massive things. max capacity unknown but pretty much never a concern. ... so the balls didn't come up. though i wonder if relating the balls to the evolution problem breaks the 'physics' more.

[@aidenstoat5745]

Saying "Ive actually read the literature on caterpillars" with The Very Hungry Caterpillar in the background made me laugh.

[@WetRatGaming]

I love your Arthur plush, it's so cute