American English Vowels | IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) vowel chart FREE DOWNLOAD

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If you want to improve your pronunciation and clarity, start with American English vowels IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) chart. In this video, I’m taking you into my classroom to review all the vowel sounds of American English. We will go over the vowel chart, learn the IPA symbols (International Phonetic Alphabet) and hear the difference between the different vowels.
Don’t forget to download my IPA vowel chart (with example words) to be able to know how to pronounce ANYTHING: bit.ly/3oHEh1T
#ipa
Confusing English Vowels overview • Similar English Vowels...
And here is a breakdown of the vowel sounds discussed:
0:00 Intro
2:17 i as in 'see'
2:44 ɪ as in 'sit'
02:44 relaxed ɪ
04:29 ɛ as in 'red'
05:28 æ as in 'cat'
06:23 'eɪ' as in 'day'
7:39 'aʊ' as in 'now'
8:53 ' aɪ' as in 'my'
10:13 shwa sound (ə)
10:48 ʌ as in 'cup'
11:48 ɜ as in 'stir'
13:12 tense u vs relaxed ʊ
16:03 oʊ as in 'go'
17:26 ɔ as in 'daughter'
20:25 ɔɪ as in 'toy'
21:06 Overview
To learn more about each of the American English vowels go here:
Sheep vs Ship: bit.ly/2RDgYof
Pool vs Pull: bit.ly/2XwLup7
/ow/ as in go: bit.ly/2WYDWaE
Bed vs Bad: bit.ly/2ZJQyUD
/ei/ as in 'day': bit.ly/2NdrR1J
/a/ as in 'father': bit.ly/2xepbWA
The Schwa: bit.ly/2NmJQmu
Cap-Cup-Cop: bit.ly/2Yc6saf
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[@hadar.shemesh]

Don’t forget to download my IPA vowel chart (with example words) to be able to know how to pronounce ANYTHING: bit.ly/3oHEh1T

[@julianapaccola8260]

You asked "what do you think" at the end. The only thought that crossed my mind is "you are an extraordinary teacher "!

[@giugliaromana]

1@@@@@

[@scottdesimone3014]

Amazing explanations.

[@celestialpoise]

Likewise!!!! 😃😃😃

[@aliceangerami1245]

As a fellow teacher, I often find it hard to get students to improve their pronunciation. You've got a teacher follower in me now. Congrats for the excelent lesson.

[@caiosipriano3173]

Same

[@phamucanh8451]

2:19 i as in 'see' 2:48 ɪ as in 'sit' 04:33 ɛ as in 'red' (some time /e/) 05:30 æ as in 'cat' 07:04 'eɪ' as in 'day' 8:01 'aʊ' as in 'now' 8:56 ' aɪ' as in 'my' 10:45 shwa sound (ə) 10:52 ʌ as in 'cup' 12:02 ɜ as in 'stir' 13:30 relaxed ʊ 13:54 tense u 14:57 relaxed ʊ 16:46 oʊ as in 'go' 17:28 ɔ as in 'daughter' 18:25 ɒ as in father 21:15 ɔɪ as in 'toy'

[@halam6702]

The symbol in father you wrote is wrong it's for british but in american is ɑ

[@opalmay]

@@halam6702 you are right that the upside down 'a' symbol is a birtish vowel, but in the word father specifically it's 'a' in both British and American English.

[@Damio22yt]

@@opalmay You are right. There is no /ɒ/ sound in "father". No matter what accent - GA or RP.

[@BrendaYelting]

@@halam6702 Ohhhhhh that's british!!!! I didn't know. Thanks for your comment!

[@halam6702]

@@BrendaYelting 💚

[@TheEfficientGamer]

Hands-down, the most impressive pronunciation teacher on KZbin. Whenever my students ask me how to improve their pronunciation, I instantly refer them to this channel. There's no way I can explain things better than Hadar.

[@davidkachoui5378]

100% agree.

[@haleybluemn3090]

I am a Spanish major taking my first phonetics class. It has less complex vowels and I still find it quite difficult. This gives me so much respect for non-native English speakers. Mastering another language is no easy task!

[@hadar.shemesh]

❤️

[@gastonmunoz9702]

a e i o u - Listo, no hacia falta mas...

[@hadar.shemesh]

Did you like this lesson?? If you did , share it with your students and friends! And tell me - what is the most difficult vowel sound for you? 😬

[@mamymimma]

Accent's Way English with Hadar Shemesh Amazing lesson! Loved the scheme 😍

[@anapaulamendes6591]

The most difficult sound is the "i" sound. 😬

[@martineschuler4131]

Accent's Way English with Hadar Shemesh For me, thé différent I are difficult bécause don't exist in french. Thank you for your vidéos.

[@dasilvatube74]

Hey teacher I miss you, great lesson thank u!!

[@ugosanz5044]

I just started today I got to practice

[@sergioartal]

Teacher to teacher: the level of command you show never ceases to amaze me. What a role model for learners of English as a foreign language. Respect!!!

[@hadar.shemesh]

You have absolutely melted my heart. Thank you.

[@Wisdom23]

What kind of class are you teaching?

[@alejandromaciel9748]

Aaaand she's hot

[@Wisdom23]

@@alejandromaciel9748 yes, she is. : ) How long have you been watching her?

[@fernandohuamani36]

@@hadar.shemesh absolutely agree!!!!

[@TauseefClub]

The person who invented this chart deserves a Noble prize, and Miss Hadar, who explained it so efficiently, deserves an Oscar.

[@pimkleproductions3294]

Mexican mom doing homeschooling in USA and I'm so frustrated, thank you for this.❤❤❤

[@hadar.shemesh]

Hello dear! I hear ya! These are challenging times. But it’s amazing that you’re finding the time to educate yourself and support your children. Sending love!

[@kuntalkole2612]

It is really feels like university level lesson! Thank you so much for the lesson.

[@hadar.shemesh]

Hey Kuntal! Glad you liked it ♥️

[@winstonejuan8566]

Haha that's my course I take in college for linguistics

[@inglesfacilito]

x2

[@Spikastru]

You definitely explained better than my university.

[@johnramos9130]

@@Spikastru on

[@henrykhosasih8781]

This is what I have been looking for for years. Finally!

[@Manolete919]

i absolutely agree with you. same for me!!

[@jamesscalloparquivos3986]

Wow deares Hadar, is impossible to believe that english language is not your mother tongue. You´re speaking flawlessly

[@yolandagrisalestrentadue7168]

I'm a Spanish native speaker who decided to get a masters in speech language pathology in English ... omg .... had I known what I was getting myself into :-) Now I'm supposed to teach little children with Apraxia who have vowel distortion disorders how to pronounce the vowels! I'm gonna watch this video before every vowel session I'm gonna have so I can pass my internship! You are sooooo good at this!!! I'm so grateful you posted this video!!! Now I see there is a light at the end of the tunnel I dag myself into ...

[@MauricioFigueroa-si4ws]

The best lesson about vowels pronunciation that I've ever seen. Thanks.

[@horizontecaminhosaereos9907]

Impossível não aprender com você. Deus abençoe você e sua família.

[@ekaly23]

As a Spanish speaker, I needed this. I want to finally learn to pronounce the vowels. Thanks, this graph makes sense to me.

[@CedricSantizo]

I was not aware there existed a vowel chart for every language. As a non native English speaker this allows me to realize of the subtle differences between each one of them. Not only that, but it also helps me to understand better how I can use similar tools for the other languages that I am learning. Amazing work of yours!

[@breeg3488]

Best American IPA vowels lesson I've seen so far. Thank you so much, you're a lifesaver!

[@guillermomaldonado4453]

Hi there, this year with Covid as the perfect excuse, I started taking online classes to work on my thick accent. The classes are great, but Hadar videos are such a huge support to practice and enforce the classes. You can tell she was born to teach. You are my super hero Hadar, you are the living proof that with hard work and practice I can get rid of my heavy "strong R´s" accent. Thanks very much.

[@shengwu6044]

After looking through a few YT videos, most of which were British English, I finally found this comprehensive American English one. She builds and reviews the chart along the way, so you can get comfortable. At the end, like a good teacher, she does a final review to wrap things up neatly. Well done!

[@goldnwaters]

the best and clearest American vowel lesson in the world!

[@007Layanne]

The best explanation ever. As a brazilian I've realized how mispronuncing I was a lot of words all this time long. I was actually pronuncing did as deed cause I thought to myself that that did has a i sound.

[@idk-eg1vy]

I'm a native English speaker, but as someone taking a phonetics class at my university who missed a week of classes due to illness, thank you for this. This was super helpful and put my textbook reading into more context

[@Angel-pn9yf]

I have been studying English for a long time in Spain and to be honest I have never been taught the vowel sounds that enlightening way. It has been a master class...Thank you!!!!

[@jemmayin4529]

Watched this twice already! Big thank you, it’s awesome class! Very clear logic, and lots of comparisons. I love it!

[@sanjibsarmah1582]

Can't imagine that you are teaching us online. The way you teach make me feel as if you were teaching us in real life even pretty closely. If you were in my class teacher may be I would have forgotten to have my the all meal. Because I literally like your the teaching skill. The skill, how to teach people, is nothing but enjoy & enjoy. May God bless you forever.

[@itsdavide]

Favorite moments, back to back: 19:14 19:25! "I did it because it looks better"! Thank you! Simply an amazing teacher! Loving it!

[@santiagoscho5693]

Hadar, you're such a genius for coming up with this framework.

[@toituxu749]

Awesome, I spend a lot of hours looking for somebody can actually realize the structure, rules in pronunciation Finally I got you, thank you so much

[@tedlim8452]

It’s the best vowel lesson I’ve ever seen. I really appreciate your kindness :) I can deeply understand the differences of a lot of vowel sounds I didn’t know and be confused about~

[@english4uwithanneta748]

I’m a non-native English teacher. I’ve been teaching the English language for more than 10 years. I don’t think I’ll ever master the sounds of American English the way Hadar has. I’m so impressed and a huge fan! Congratulations!!!!! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@mateuslacerda284]

This lesson is a true masterpiece. Thank you very much!

[@MarisolGarcia-pr4mp]

It´s the best entonation lesson ever! it´s useful not only for English learners, but for those who learn French as well! Thank youuuuuu! Awesome!!!!

[@jbfrankenstein2981]

This video is a pure gold. I just realized there are only neutral sounds in my language, and there is none of them in English.

[@billy-daproudfarmer9555]

Holy Christ! What a teacher! Im spellbound by your style of enunciation.

[@alejandromaciel9748]

Not only this is amazingly helpful Hadar, you are a great teacher and so likeable!!! I am so lucky I found you...

[@TNT-kt5do]

Complete, simple and easy !!!

[@lucianobarreto6971]

Hadar, you are the best! And this was the best pronunciation class I’ve ever had! Congratulations!

[@Liroly]

I am studying translation in university (we study the British vowel sounds tho) and you explained it perfectly. Such a good teacher! Vowel sounds can get very tricky speacially if you are not used to listening all of these types of sounds. I loved your video!!

[@MessudMusic]

The most charismatic teacher ever! Thank you. Great video. You really helped me. 🙏❤️

[@luisprado4041]

I am an ESL teacher. You are simply GREAT!!!!

[@arm_os]

incomparable! it is a pity that there is no possibility to put two likes.

[@GrantCareerCoaching]

I've never seen that vowel chart before, that is awesome. I'll definitely use this, thanks so much for sharing it Hadar! 👍👍👍👍

[@hadar.shemesh]

Great! Don’t forget to download it then:) It helps clarify things and see the bigger picture

[@GrantCareerCoaching]

@@hadar.shemesh Will do! Thanks Hadar! 👍

[@NickleJ]

there's also a consonant chart that's dang cool too

[@drewmog123456]

Absolutely everything in America is supposedly awesome. The word now seems to mean “slightly interesting “.

[@TrilokNegi10]

It is The Best! I really enjoy the way the English coach Hadar teaches. Amazing Learning for non native english speakers who dream of excelling the spoken English language. After going through the video, I can easily connect and understand the fundamental concepts Thank you Hadar for bringing such amazing secession.

[@tomoefujita3661]

I've just found this video and decided watching and practicing everyday at least whole week. Thank you for the video from Japan :D

[@samiaalhussein6481]

It was very effective to listen to this lesson of you. Thanks for this beautiful accent section, hope to see more of this sort of lessons from you on this site. We understand that, even if we are great in English, but as second native speakers still need to formally learn the way how to pronounce it correctly. Once again appreciate this beautiful pronunciation video.

[@wilsonvelasquez9715]

When you said... "What do you think?" I just have to say that əˈmeɪzɪŋ, thanks a lot Hadar

[@lincunmucun]

definitely the optimal tutorial I've ever watched on youtube. Also as a nonnative speaker, that's exactly what I need. Thanks for everything u did!

[@gerardferbus7935]

This lesson is a real revelation for me. Thank you a lot.

[@paz10vida]

I believe you chart is an amazing tool that summarize most of American English sounds. You're doing a great job, thanks so much!

[@hadar.shemesh]

Thank you so much! Glad I can help!!

[@WNYmathGuy]

I'm impressed. I'm from families that were in the USA since 4 or more generations ago, and I never saw this information before. It's almost like being told how to breathe correctly. Sure, it was already going fine, but it is amazing to really know how complex breathing really is.

[@hadar.shemesh]

What a great analogy:) yes, it fascinating to learn in such details how we actually function as humans

[@miguelalejandrorodriguezlo6451]

Honestly, you are the best teacher I've had in my 2 years of line school

[@Giovanni50ful]

This lesson has been very useful for me. None of those vowel sounds are in my native language and it was confusing for me until now. Thank you very much!

[@bsgang2.0]

This is hands down one of the best and most thoroughly detailed videos on American pronunciation out there. Kudos 👌🏾👌🏾

[@hadar.shemesh]

Thank you so much 😀

[@leonela3758]

me encantó, muchas gracias!!!

[@samar8264]

22:45 Loved it when you finished everything and came up with the pert question 'What do you think?'

[@Manolete919]

For me, this is the best way to explains those sounds with this chart!!

[@lsdominguez6201]

After 10 years struggling with that vowel's graph I've finally found one teacher who shows that work! Thank you. that is amazing.

[@andrewmagic7014]

I love this lesson so much. Thank you, Hadar! This 25-minute video is totally enough to sound more natural and American. I watch it again and again. I listen to it and repeat every sound, so my neighbors think I've gone crazy. I've shared it with my students and I'm trying to make them do the same, so they think I've gone crazy^)

[@emacutyfriend4422]

Hello !

[@MiddleEasternInAmerica]

wow that is impressive. you summarized hours of confusing videos in one clear and simple video with your solid knowledge and your incredible teaching skills. thank you ☺️ 😊 🙏🏻

[@watchmeplayit6730]

One of the best videos out there for improving your pronunciation! Thank you very much for the help!

[@costelmandris3676]

Exercises that I will do daily! 05:56: - seat, sit, set, sat 21:35: - seat, sit, red, cat, day, now, my, around, o'clock, holiday, cup...

[@jennguyen133]

Thank you for your lesson,I spoke English more than 30years.But I made a lot mistake of mispronounce cause I didn’t learn IPA,and dint know how to use grammar rule.

[@swifttaylor6343]

I always feel that these vowels have some connection or distinction! You found it here! Very useful form! Thank you for providing this. It's very useful.

[@danieladuartes102]

You are the best!! I am in an SLP grad program and I am a Spanish native speaker. It has been soooooo challenging for me to understand the vowels of English. However, you did an awesome job explaining all this topic and I think that for the first time I actually understood.

[@giyu2687]

Incredible pronunciation lesson..!! thanks for everything, you're awesome !

[@hadar.shemesh]

Thank you!! What was the most useful thing in the lesson? I’m curious to know. Were you aware of all those vowels?

[@giyu2687]

​@@hadar.shemesh i wasn't aware of the: relaxed " ɪ" ," ɜ " and the difference between tense " u " and relaxed " ʊ " you made me realize the small differences between similar sounds .THANK YOU AGAIN !

[@unecat]

omg omg omg thank you sooooo much for this!!!!! I'm gonna watch 99 times more!

[@hadar.shemesh]

Omg!!! That’s a lot of times!!! 😍♥️😍♥️

[@pichonPoP]

You explain this in a way that I see and heard so clear now, it feels so good. Thank you.

[@BottleofDreamswastaken]

Perfect. I missed this particular class of my studies and happened to find yours, and this is all I needed to know. Thank you! I must say that due to my native language (Finnish) I have most difficulties with vowels pronounced at the back of the mouth, as we have so few of them. We have only neutral u, o and a, and American English has multiples of different sounds (but not the neutral u, o and a like we do). This was a clear video, thank you again!

[@user-ed8dm8gp7l]

Hi, Hadar! I just wanna say thank you, your videos helped me and now I sound more like native English speaker but there is a problem. I mean it's a little phrase that I can't say correctly it is " get off of" so can you make a video about it please?)

[@davidmacdonald9159]

As a fan of linguistics and a personal advocate for speaking with a good accent, this is an excellent video! Flawless pronunciation!

[@setlemanh7548]

I have never had a better teacher than you, thank you so much

[@alfredoquintero7791]

Thank you so much. This is the best fonology class I've ever heard.

[@slowmolife4289]

Well, you made a masterpiece of an explenation. This is the first time I see american sounds compared with the 5 cardinal vowels (that are the only ones existing in my language), so that I could have reference points. Absolutely well done. Grazie mille!!

[@alejandromorales7050]

I only have one word in mind: professional

[@arianachapa6007]

Thank you so much for helping!!! My phonetics professor was giving us a tough time explaining each of the vowels but this made so much easier!!

[@mr.wisecat]

The lesson is really great, Hadar! It has really helped me understand the American vowels more clearly. I can see that you love teaching and are pretty excited while explaining. But please slow down. It will not only help foreigners perceive you better but also make you look more like a high lever expert who, as we know, are never in a hurry. I appreciate your work so much )

[@hintergarten]

Your video came in handy because I was confused when I heard someone pronounce law with an "open a". Now I know that even in US there are some nuances in pronunciation.

[@hadar.shemesh]

Absolutely. It’s called the cot caught vowel merge. It’s interesting

[@faridwajdi4774]

Cool, this is the ultimate lesson for pronunciation :D

[@hadar.shemesh]

😍

[@XYZ-wi1ps]

She is one of the best teachers of phonetics:) Really helpful

[@maybul6664]

I'd have loved to have such an English teacher at my beginnings... Thank you so much !

[@Freathiscore]

I've never seen the diphthong /æʊ/, but /aʊ/. However your explanation fits great, to be honest. Maybe it depends on the region as you have said on 18:20 about the vowels /ɔ/ and /ɑ/; or maybe both /æʊ/ and /aʊ/ are valid on the whole country. Thank you so much for this lesson! It's very useful!

[@hadar.shemesh]

Yes you are right, the æ at the beginning is common in the US (general American) and it’s different than how it’s pronounced in British English and even other dialects of American English . If you go to forgo.com or youglish.com You’ll see that the word cat and cow begin with the same sound:) check it and let me know what you think!

[@Freathiscore]

@@hadar.shemesh Yes, they begin with the same sound. That's why I was surprised: because it's the same sound but I've always seen /aʊ/ on the transcription. Thank you for the answer!

[@ADS_Fenix]

Francisco Francisco The commonly used IPA transcriptions for diphthongs never match the way I say them with my general American pronunciation and the way I always hear them pronounced. Maybe they are valid in some dialect, as you said, but on various KZbin channels and educational sites, I even hear people *say* the diphthongs as I do, but then give the IPA symbols that I swear are inconsistent, and I don’t understand. To me it goes further, because I’d argue the diphthongs in cow and go end in something closer to an /u/ sound. Not always exactly that, but certainly not /ʊ/. If you *actually* try to say the same vowel sound in “put” (which is said to be the sound symbolized by /ʊ/) as the last sound in “ow”, “cow”, or “go”, it sounds extremely bizarre because we don’t say that. The lips come far closer together in cow than in put. So when it comes to diphthongs, I genuinely don’t understand IPA notation at all. It drives me crazy because I swear I don’t hear the same sounds used in these diphthongs as everybody says, either in my own pronunciation or there’s, nor do I feel the same positions in my mouth during these diphthongs as I do saying the individual sounds they’re allegedly composed of. :s

[@ADS_Fenix]

Oh! In fact she herself did it here, just saw this part. At around 16:50 - 60 she’s saying /ou/ and says “from the /o/ to the /u/“ in her pronunciation but the board and subtitles say to the /ʊ/. But that is not the way she pronounces “put”! That would make it sound like “poot”! XD See this is what drives me crazy. I’m not criticizing her. Hadar, you’re my biggest inspiration for learning languages and pronunciation because your English is PERFECT and I was shocked when I first learned you’re not a native English-speaker. I’m just genuinely so perplexed as to why these IPA diphthong notations are used this way by teachers when they are certainly not composed of the same sounds as the ones those symbols represent on their own.

[@jakubr4634]

Wow, this was what I was looking for recently and couldn’t find it. So easy to understand, although not so easy to imitate. Will or could you do something similar about the consonants as well in the fiture?? Good job!

[@hadar.shemesh]

Sure:) glad you liked it!

[@faithvan5499]

It's great that you show the vowel chart! That'll make learning vowel easily when we known how our tounge works. I am learning linguistics in university and I love that chart! My teacher actually teached us how to read it (though it's a mandarin version) but you really make it simple. Nice work.

[@siddharthkumar1891]

The way you teach directly goes into my brain. You are amazing

[@skarlethromero517]

Wonderful!! thank UU so much for your existence we appreciate UU forever UU will be , UU are the best one

[@hadar.shemesh]

Thank you so much!! You are so sweet and I’m glad you find my work helpful!!

[@19asenchik]

Amazing! It's probably the best lesson I've seen. I wish you could make a similar video on differences between British and American accent

[@hadar.shemesh]

I can do that! :)

[@nunoaraujo3015]

I'm obsessed over improving my accent and pronunciation and there are tiny little aspects (which are actually huge when you think about it) which I had never thought of, such as the difference between a short and a long i (like sheep/ship or seat/sit) and many other vowel sounds which I realized I needed to work on. So, really, this is gold. Thank you so much for this video!

[@gabrielbadilla2191]

I love this video it is very clear, every time that I practice speaking I watch it then I speaking with myself, recording me etc

[@jelenadukuljev1978]

As you know already, I am your huge fan and your student, and I've seen all of your lessons multiple times. They are all amazing, but I am absolutely blown away by this one! This might be the best lesson you've ever created! Impressive! You taught me most of these things already, but this lesson helped me categorize everything in my head much better! I love it! 💕💕💕👏 I didn't know about the /æʊ/ diphthong, I always pronounce it as /aʊ/! I'll have to work on that!

[@xboxnube]

the funny thing is that that difference between the [ɔ] and the [ɑ] sound in the western dialects is that it is practically allophonic. Those that have the sound change can't actually hear the difference between these two sounds. So for those who wonder if their English dialect has actually undergone this sound change, listen to her say these two sounds and really pay attention. If they sound the same to you then you have it. If they sound different to you, then you don't have it. Personally I can't actually hear the difference. Good to know.

[@alfranco918]

I was raised in California. For some reason, I say the word “off” with a slightly rounded sound, halfway between this video’s versions of daughter and the bottom right British, instead of with ɐ as in father. It’s not very noticeable, and closer to daughter and not as strong as the British ɒ. But it’s there. I did teach myself Spanish, and grew up with family with a strong Okie accent, plus have friends who speak various languages, so maybe it snuck in, or maybe I’ve always had it.

[@fernandobanda5734]

I've heard a lot of American English and read a lot about phonology but never seen or processed that /aʊ/ was actually more like [æʊ]. Good stuff.

[@fatimabfp]

Amazing! A truly high level lesson with very clear explanations.

[@gal749]

If not your name, I wouldnt've noticed you're Israeli. Your accent is flawless!

[@MrShacho1]

Who’s native English speaker but watching this? 😎

[@STEVENGUYEN1303]

Lets talk

[@MrShacho1]

STEVE NGUYEN 😃

[@frankiebluej6902]

Me!

[@madashivhare9050]

Such a great teacher you are!!! Is easy to learn with you and now watching you videos it makes more sense as I am not a native English person. Thank you for teaching us!!!!

[@hanysamy2060]

one of the best youtube videos about vowels .. comprehensive, to the point, with clear examples and comparisons. Thanks alot teacher :D

[@caiogabriel145]

3:25 falou o as vogais do Português perfeitamente 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧👏👏👏🇷

[@_Executor_]

Te equivocas, era Español. ;)

[@caiogabriel145]

@@_Executor_" é mermo é sábia não" Marinho

[@jenmu7870]

why didn't my teachers teach us that? good stuff!

[@hadar.shemesh]

I think kids should learn it before they learn how to spell!!

[@evelynlaitz]

This is by far the best explanation on vowels I've ever seen. I'm an English teacher and I have been working on a way help my students on a more efficient way. Thanks for sharing your knowledge!