Anaphylaxis | Allergic reaction | pulmonology | Skin disease

ANAPHYLAXIS
A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
The reaction can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen.
Symptoms include a skin rash, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and shock.
If not treated right away, usually with adrenalin, it can result in unconsciousness or death.
SYMPTOMS :
Requires a medical diagnosis
Symptoms include a skin rash, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and shock.
People may experience:
Whole body: fainting, light-headedness, low blood pressure, dizziness, or flushing
Respiratory: difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, shortness of breath, or wheezing
Skin: hives, swelling under the skin, blue skin from poor circulation, or rashes
Gastrointestinal: nausea or vomiting
Also common: fast heart rate, feeling of impending doom, itching, tongue swelling, difficulty swallowing, facial swelling, impaired voice, mental confusion, or nasal congestion
Treatment :
Emergency treatment for a person with a severe allergic reaction involves an injection of epinephrine, or adrenaline.
Epinephrine helps in several ways:
It causes the blood vessels to constrict, decreasing swelling and helping to increase blood pressure.
It relaxes the muscles around the lungs.
It limits the reaction by blocking the body’s release of additional chemicals.
Most people respond well to this treatment, and symptoms usually start to subside right away. If there is no immediate improvement, the person will need another dose after 10 minutes.
Sometimes, symptoms of the reaction return after subsiding. The person may need to remain under observation in a hospital for 24 hours.
If an allergic reaction is less severe, a doctor may administer corticosteroid or antihistamine injections.
Prevention:
Anaphylaxis is a life threatening emergency. A person may experience this reaction to something that had never affected them before.
Allergic reactions are unpredictable, and it is crucial to avoid any known allergens, even if they have never caused severe reactions.
However, it is not always possible to avoid all allergens. A person may need to carry medication and wear a bracelet that makes their allergies clear.
If a person has a history of allergic reactions, it is important to describe the triggers to friends, family members, and employers or school staff.
Takeaway
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life threatening emergency. Anyone who experiences this severe allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention.
Knowing what to do in this situation may help save the person’s life. It is crucial to be aware of the symptoms and how to respond.
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