Animation | How a P N junction semiconductor works | forward reverse bias | diffusion drift current

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This simple animation video clearly explains the topics P-N junction semi conductor or diode, what is forward bias and reverse bias, what is diffusion current and drift current, what is avalanche breakdown etc
What is a P -- N junction semiconductor and how is it formed?
The PN junction semi conductor is a combination of P type semiconductor with N type semiconductor to achieve the practical utility of both. It's formed, when a P type semi conductor is joined to an N type semiconductor.
The P type semiconductor has free holes with positive charged and the N type semiconductor has free electrons with negatively charge.
What happens when a PN junction is made?
When P and N semiconductors are joined to make the PN junction semiconductor diode, the electrons near the PN junction jump from N to P and holes near the junction jump from P to N. This phenomenon creates a space charge region or a depletion layer as shown in the video. At this space charge region due to the movement we have electrons in P region and holes in N region. For some time the electrons move back from P to N in the space region or depletion layer and some holes move back from N to P in the space region. This continues to happen till equilibrium is reached. This movement of electrons and holes in the space region or diffusion layer gives rise to Diffusion current.
What is Forward bias and how does it occur?
Forward bias occurs when the positive terminal of battery is connected to the P region and the negative terminal of battery is connected to the N region. In this condition what happens is the positive terminal repels the holes towards the junction and the negative terminal repels the electrons towards the junction. Due to this repulsion, the depletion region or space region narrows down as shown in the video.
But at a particular condition, If the voltage in the forward bias is above a specified range, the electrons in the N region drifts through the junction and migrates to the P region and the holes in the P region drifts through the junction and migrates to the N region.
Now the current flows across the circuit and this current are called the Drift current.
What is Reverse bias and how does it occur?
Reverse bias occurs when the negative terminal of the battery is connected with the N region and positive terminal with the P region. In this condition holes (positively charged) from the P region get attracted to the negative terminal of the battery and electrons (negatively charged) get attracted to the positive terminal of the battery. This results in the depletion layer to widen up.
Now the PN junction acts as an insulator and will not allow any current to flow in the circuit. But at a condition, if the battery voltage is above a particular limit, which is called as the reverse bias breakdown voltage level. Electrons and the holes breakdown through the PN junction and cross over resulting in the current to flow through the circuit. This break down is called avalanche breakdown
In this process the current flowing through the PN junction is very high and ultimately the PN junction gets damaged due to overheating caused by the excess flow of current.
This is how a PN junction semiconductor works.
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Answer to all the below questions are available in this video:
How pn junction diode works. How diode works, animation diode, animation pn junction, working of pn junction, how does a pn junction semiconductor works, what is avalanche breakdown, what is drift current, how drift current forms, what is space charge region, how space charge region forms, what is depletion layer, how depletion layer formed, how an electric field is formed in pn junction, what is forward bias, what is reverse bias, how forward bias occurs, how reverse bias occurs, what is diffusion current, how diffusion current is formed.

[@priyanka-pq3zr]

Best video to understand in few minutes, when u are left with one day to exam😂...

[@silicon_relics]

Dude🤣😆

[@Bowbowbam1002]

Hahahaha 🤣😂😂😂 😒😒😒😒

[@sudeepsingh9337]

Turu

[@Shrinivasvlogs]

Exam is in few hours

[@tiyam3219]

2hrs 😂😂

[@kirankumar-ch2gd]

POINT TO NOTE: A p type semiconductor is not positively charged instead the number the protons and electrons are equal in its lattice.its actually called p-type semiconductor because there is free movement of holes (i.e- positive charge carriers). the same goes for n type semiconductor.. :)

[@johome10]

is it neutral ? Are holes act like proton except that it can move ? Sorry if my question is stupid . . .

[@kirankumar-ch2gd]

johome10 A p type or n type semiconductor is neutral.the no of protons and electrons are same in the lattice

[@Souls4Music]

Could you explain why it is called as holes, how holes can travel?. Protons and electrons can move bcz its physically particles..

[@tomjoseph1180]

@@Souls4Music holes in the lattice points are defects. That means, simply the absence of electrons in valence band are known as holes. And holes do not move practically. These vacant spaces are filled by another electron creating a hole on its place and so on. This causes the shift of holes. This is known as hole current.

[@saadumer644]

Nice bro

[@andreavarshini5448]

Hey, thank you. Im from malaysia. The video really helped me understand the semiconductor diodes better. Thank you once again!!!!!

[@bijeshable]

this video does not explain the reason for the electric field developing across the junction and avalanche breakdown. The p type impurity atoms have only 3 electrons around them and n type impurity atoms have 5 electrons. When a PN junction is made, the excess electrons from the n region moves to the holes(vacant position for electrons) present around the P type impurity atoms. Thus when n region looses one electron, N type impurity atoms becomes positive ions and when the N type impurities accept this electron, they will become negative ions .This creates potential difference across the pn junction. The avalanche break down occurs due to the minority carriers present in both regions. When high reverse voltage is applied, the minority charges gain enough energy to break the depletion region causing uncontrollable current flow through the junction.

[@Howmachineworks]

+bijesh balan Well said.. For more more info you can email is at [e-mail] or whats app at [phone] TechTrixInfo

[@user-gi8uh2pe6t]

+bijesh balan thanku for explaining the fact sir.

[@sachinmatta3170]

+bijesh balan thanks to you sir!

[@TheClenchingfists]

+bijesh balan This was great

[@audumdarjadhav4545]

c

[@rohitchakravarthi94]

get ur basics correct sir p type is not positively charged the same goes for n type it is not negatively charged , they both are electrically neutral in nature

[@stevehamilton5704]

yeah u re right! i found so many things that he explained were incorrect. esp. while explaining reverse bias operation.

[@simrinahmed5436]

@@stevehamilton5704 yeah in reverse bias the positive holes don't migrate from the p-region to the n-region ,it's infact the highly energetic electrons who are the minority carriers that moves from the p-region to the n-region right?

[@nkaur8362]

Yah u r right cuz ... i will also thinking this ... even i heard video 3 4 times forreverse baising concept

[@BlahBlahRainbowFish]

Thaaaaaaank you! My exam is in the morning (it's 22:35 at night) and my lecture notes were a mess for this but this cleared things up haha

[@bhavna3962]

its so weird to think that this comment is 6 years old and ur life is probably completely different now (hope ur doing well!)

[@shreya-ej4nh]

@@bhavna3962 Lmaoo I wanted to drop an ATB to her, then saw that the comment is 6y old. Yup, his/her life would have changed now. Thought the same. Vibee check. ATB to u instead✨

[@bhavna3962]

@@shreya-ej4nh thank u ! all the best for physics to u!

[@rajdeeppatil3623]

@@bhavna3962 yeah😅 I was also thinking the same this comment is 6 yrs ago and at this point how different their life will be as compared to 6 yrs ago! Anyways, Time tickles😄 Physics never changes. ATB :)

[@godhelpme8977]

Hi

[@vamshikrishna1131]

Just Awesome. Very clear and neat explaination. Thank you very much sir. Keep up your good work. Pls make more videos about the Power Electronis subject. Becoz, There are whole lot of complex topics in PE that needed to be explained in this Simple manner. Hats off to you sir. You're work is just priceless. God bless you :)

[@Howmachineworks]

+Vamshi Krishna We are honored by that comment. For more info you can email us at [e-mail] or whats app at [phone] TechTrixInfo.com

[@sandy_malla]

it made me understand much as I needed

[@Howmachineworks]

sandip malla Thank you, Please SUBSCRIBE to us for more videos. We have a face book page just search for TechTrixInfo in face book - TechTrixInfo.com

[@kartonage221]

Maybe you should try on a rap career. From P to tha N and back to N to tha P.

[@Howmachineworks]

Please watch the video tutorial and drop your feedback. for more plz visit kzbin.info

[@whatcanisay3]

nce thx i understood it

[@Facts_why_think]

The depletion is formed by positive and negatively charged ions... you cant represent the majority charge carriers on both sides with the depletion region with same notation... And when FB is applied " it shrinks".. Please try to use some technical terms.

[@SmilerBFC]

Vijay Ramya why u watching the video?

[@Facts_why_think]

Smiler Liverpool Why did they upload?

[@SmilerBFC]

Vijay Ramya To teach not to be taught

[@ganapathivenkadesh8807]

oh man thank u! i have understood it in first time itself...great teaching

[@vinswong1]

thanks for your work! this makes my day

[@EpNn10]

Thank you so much! Clearly explained and easy to follow, especially with the animations.

[@TheErtracina]

Great, you explained it clearly. Thanks!

[@yhperera]

Holes doesn't move actually what happen is electrons move leaving a hole (creating a hole)

[@alicareem]

Yasinda Perera That's what I want to hear.

[@adithich5477]

Yes yes finally! Why can't the textbooks just mention that!? I hate this confusion. When I explained it to my friends, they just said I was wrong.

[@Gautamk1985]

Nicely explained I got clear cut idea from this video.

[@Howmachineworks]

Gautam Kumar Thank you , please subscribe to us for more videos n keep connected with us on Facebook just search for Techtrixinfo

[@miguelmouta5372]

Cleared obscure points for me .A Thank You from Brazil.

[@jgdacashman]

Just in time for my material science final this week. Very informative, and clear as ice. Thanks.

[@hyderalishaik2219]

EXCELLENT ........WE ARE EXPECTING MORE VIDEOS FROM YOU SIR

[@Howmachineworks]

+Hyder Ali Shaik Sure Thanks for the comment Reach us on WhatsApp @ [phone] for more updates

[@withspobby5921]

The best video on this topic is here

[@Howmachineworks]

Thank you

[@tcaudiomute]

hello. Very short and sharp very well down . Could you guys go a video on integrated circuit (IC)

[@adityashrivastava860]

super. crisp. on point.

[@mustafaatahannuhoglu458]

Depletion region doesn't include any free mobile carriers. There is just ionized dopants. So you are wrong about the depletion region having electrons and holes.

[@abhinavtripathi6893]

+Mustafa Atahan NUHOĞLU Thanks for pointing that out. Simpletons are thanking for the video even after it is fundamentally incorrect.

[@kelly1572]

Actually it has electrons and holes but they are immobile

[@viktorvondoom9119]

Thanks! Finally an explanation of drift current that I can understand

[@tanyagupta8478]

This was very helpful. Thank you so much.

[@Howmachineworks]

+Tanya Gupta We are honored by that comment. For more info you can email us at [e-mail] or whats app at [phone] TechTrixInfo.com

[@bindhusubhadra183]

Very helpful... Ith kandapo aan vyakthamaai mnsilaayath.. Thanku sir

[@hathawbj]

Just a quick note: You indicate the direction of current (holes and electrons) incorrectly during the avalanche breakdown description at 5:30. Flip both those directions and you are solid.

[@pluronic123]

Exactly. The electrons are being pushed from the negative pole through the p-SC to the n-SC.

[@jaslynteope4144]

Thank you, that was clear and illuminating 🙏

[@mlswamygowda5690]

Thank you sooooooooooooooo much😊😊😊. It was so difficult for me to understand this bias

[@IsacRajan97]

Nice short explanation!! THANK YOU!! :)

[@menakamani3065]

very clear explanation..thank you!

[@rajamanokharatturperiatham6978]

Nice and easy to understand !! I except to learn things in a shorter time ..U have done a great JOB!!

[@MohammadAbdulAhad98]

clean tutorial. thanks

[@hodongjunior2826]

thank you so much! your explanations are so clear :D

[@gorriesshajivarghise]

WELL U EXPLAINED IT AWESOME & better than my teacher, thank you

[@kayeetsoi7651]

you make this so clear, thank you

[@pavithras6891]

Thanks for an explanation

[@learningexpress6224]

Thanks Sir

[@spykey312]

Very clear, well explained!

[@cheatuda3039]

One of the best video ever since it has clear explanation of the pn junction. Thanku very much

[@jamesranawadia]

this is just great. it solved my only confusion in semiconductor

[@smarpansharma342]

well explained from the basics thankyou

[@dikshashahakar3767]

Thank you sir...!!! I got it completely :)

[@bantish2085]

hii

[@audumdarjadhav4545]

7350937175

[@naveenr4153]

Wow! Speechless

[@abinayamanickam9823]

clear explanation thank u....

[@suryasundararajan1307]

It was too good and simple to understand.....GOOD JOB

[@Howmachineworks]

+Surya Yadav Thanks for the comment. What's app us @ [phone] To get updates on Mechanical/ Automobile engineering

[@tunganaakhilsai2787]

it is very clear and able 2 understand at the 1st time nly......

[@shamlamm4479]

Thnk u sir....simply explained and vry helpfull to undrstnd thz topic

[@sadamhussain6931]

very nice video ,an perfect concept concept abt the P_N junction i wish u all the best for uploading such types of videos THANKS DEAR UPLOADER...

[@warnithathilakarathna6849]

superbly explained thanks a lot

[@jkchandravanshi]

Crisp and clear explanation..

[@Muffi606]

great explanation , understood in once . excellent job

[@vickiraja7320]

Very nice explanation i can never forget it now till i am alive thanks very much

[@squashpsych7052]

Thank you very much, great video!

[@himanshu6489]

excellent excellent excellent. Worth 6min of my life💜

[@Howmachineworks]

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[@rahulsoni5459]

owesome video cleared all doubts.

[@yashpatel8337]

Great! Very Clear!

[@mohammedwakeel4541]

really superb. i got use by tht. thank you sooooooooo much

[@ifransaleem24]

great job.i understanded it completely.thanks.

[@Howmachineworks]

+Ifran Saleem We are honored by that comment. For more info you can email us at [e-mail] or whats app at [phone]

[@borboleta6743]

I swear indians in YT is a better teacher than some actual teacher.

[@Howmachineworks]

Thanks for the comment

[@kaushiquedhrubo908]

Very nice....truly helpful......

[@Captain_Rhodes]

No careful! the current that flows in forward bias is the diffusion current!

[@muktesh_gautam]

Yeah i too noticed that he said drift current

[@reehji]

+Captain Rhodes yup. just put it in the limiting cases. when there is almost no space-charge region in forward bias: thus the electric field is almost non-existent, and all current is diffusion current. When depletion region is too big, consuming almost the whole thing, then the E field is too large and the dominating current is drift current. At least that's how i remember it D;

[@rishabhgupta6513]

Captain Rhodes yup bro i noticed it too

[@rishabhgupta6513]

Captain Rhodes yup bro i noticed it too

[@binoyassociates5185]

Yeah you are right

[@JCDraco92]

quite good explanation, thanks

[@bill69041997]

this is the only video dat can help me understand that how BJT works on youtube ,thanks!

[@Howmachineworks]

Kwunhei Ching Thank you, Please SUBSCRIBE to us for more videos. We have a face book page just search for TechTrixInfo in face book - TechTrixInfo.com

[@NOU-iw3gb]

Umm...it's not a bjt....it's a pn junction diode....bjt is much more complex... :)

[@firefly7350]

Kwunhei Ching woah thats just convincing. .lol

[@bumacarine1280]

wow, exccelent explanation. tnk u sirr

[@ZainKhan-dx1mo]

thanku sir...its easy to understandby animation tutorial

[@leoclarkin5944]

very thorough explanation, thx

[@shubhammishra8090]

Great video for enthusiasts like me! Thnx sir!

[@tuyenkhoang]

great. this is what i need now

[@jinjuttan]

in space charge region immobile ions are formed unlike u said electrons and holes @02.02 thankyou

[@pranav9653]

Well explained!

[@shibbusingh4618]

Very well...... Magnificent 👌👌👌

[@darshanshah3785]

Excellent explanation! Thank You

[@awadashing]

omg u made it so simple thankyou

[@nadeerahashankuruppu5962]

Well explained.thank u 😊

[@vedantathavale8624]

Damn awesome explanation. Better than what I understood from ncert

[@minelove789]

excellent explanation! thank you boss!!!

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Excellent stuff :) keep it up!

[@AlamShanavas]

Perfectly explained excellent 👍

[@taisirrahman7054]

Easy to understand,grt job

[@olgakarlov2989]

!Great job guys! explained very clearly

[@IFPankajHadole]

Ya really I am watching before the Exam to understand it properly . Now I understood all after watching this video 🙏.

[@humamramadan1328]

i learned in this video more than what i have learned in 3 years at my university > thank you so mach

[@samarthgajakosh8112]

thank you, very easy to understand

[@manishkumarjha3427]

Thank you and love and regards from Nepal 🇳🇵

[@NikhilSingh-qr4wk]

great video. thanks for posting

[@elakkiyasivakumar3144]

Diffusion current is the movement of the holes from p side to n side and due to the movement of electrons from n side to p side.The movement of the electrons from p side to n side and and holes from n side to p side after the formation of space charge region is called DRIFT current.

[@nandininagarajan4866]

Then in the video is it wrong ????

[@rajdeepraha9839]

Hell of a nice video thanks boss

[@maxgohyuanze9645]

wow great video, so easy to understand thanks man

[@raghurammuthyala1023]

Superb! Amazing! Thanks for the great video! :)

[@akatsukiabima9942]

Great video!!!!

[@samarthdeshpande8064]

Really very clear...

[@leobox6385]

neat explanation gud

[@dradexx]

great video, thank you so much!

[@rehmatullah112]

Thanks for sharing such a nice information .

[@krishnaanil1238]

Very helpful. Thank you very much

[@kesinenisireesha7799]

good explanation. thank u sir

[@lalilali8513]

thankuuuuu soo much..vry nice work👍

[@sureshan1393]

thank you for this video it awesome I really thank enough you it's great it's clear -cut

[@nanthininarayanan5836]

This is very useful sir.....thank you sir...

[@bavanibava6410]

This vedio is very useful to understand.Thank you sir.

[@gunpointonu]

Thanks, really helpful video!