the boss arrives at his company in his brand new Ferrari. his young employee is shocked, stunned, he just watches the car in awe and cannot really say a word. so the boss does all the talking: - wow, that's what I call a car. Not really cheap but don't worry, son. If you work real hard, commit yourself to this comapany and prove your worth on a daily basis, pretty soon, I can buy another
@infiltr80r6 жыл бұрын
Smart employee would use the job to learn and if the promotions don't come in, go out on your own. That's what I did.
@Horny_Fruit_Flies6 жыл бұрын
Ricardo Reis Or be born in a rich family with access to great education and contacts.
@cocricklewood44415 жыл бұрын
Good One! Yanks will probably belive that as well. 🤣😂😆😃😄😉😎
@joemorton92004 жыл бұрын
Milton Waddams easier said than done
@eddgrs91936 жыл бұрын
When people ask me what do you do, my answer is : I mountain bike, go on hikes, play football, I read , I travel a lot, etc. The job is irrelevant, it can change, it's important what a person does, not what their current work place is.
@conors44303 жыл бұрын
I was on holiday several years ago in Europe. I was sitting in a spa when these two groups of Americans joined me. I wasn’t really talking to either of them. The first American said to the other, what do you do? And the second American said, I have 45 houses. It was so hard for me to not say, he asked you what you did, not what you have
@Miguel_El_Chileno6 жыл бұрын
stop buying stuff you don't need for money you don't have to impress people who despise you.
@hexadecimal52366 жыл бұрын
Sadly, it.comes from women. Women must have the newest clothes, women must have cars, somen must have motorcycles, women must have must have must have...
@diazinth6 жыл бұрын
Rose BPOS Good thing you can always find someone else to blame. 😂
@wimpow6 жыл бұрын
In Germany you get 8 weeks of you are a 55 year old steel worker that have been working for 35 years. But usually it is 4 weeks on the low end, 5 weeks the normal, 6 weeks when you get older.
@quintenwhyte66606 жыл бұрын
Awesome! fistbump to 21st century Germany!
@PhonciblePBonehimself6 жыл бұрын
[correted answer!] thats correct - you get 20 days minimum (German Vacation law for a 5 days working week - 24 days for a 6 days working week) plus beween 9 and 12 bank holidays (depends on state law). In the steel workers case I think that there might be an additional uinion rule involved. Myself I got 30 days vacation + up to 5 free extra vacation days (company rule) + 10 bank holidays (state of Hamburg) and for various reasons like moving, birth of a child, death of a family member etc extra days
@drsnova73136 жыл бұрын
I guess they meant including public holidays? The article said "8 weeks of leave, holidays". That would account for around 2 weeks, while 6 weeks of leave seems actually pretty normal for me (I started with close to 6 weeks on my first "real" job). Though it's true that 4 weeks is the legal minmum in a 5-work-day a week position.
@PhonciblePBonehimself6 жыл бұрын
sorry I corrct myself: in a 5 days week you get 20 days at minimum - in a 6 days week 24.
@yvonnenippsonribbs18116 жыл бұрын
@@drsnova7313 holidays are extra 😊
@SupremeChickenx5 жыл бұрын
As a new Zealander I can confirm that we pay our bills with pebbles
@malcolmthorne97796 жыл бұрын
Almost every study made shows that 8 hour work days makes you less effective in the workplace than 6 hour work days do.
@NL-kx6hq3 жыл бұрын
As an asian in asia, happy to say America is way ahead of us. Wish we had your hours.
@Loknath0095 жыл бұрын
You are so right "Jimmy", you don't want us getting stressed again🇩🇪😂
@radschele18154 жыл бұрын
But where are the said 8 weeks? Are 30 days 8 weeks? They are not, are they?
@stevenmoreyDM6 жыл бұрын
I live in Australia, I’m from New Zealand. We both work less then 40 hours and we both have public healthcare. It’s great! Only four weeks of paid holidays sadly. One thing He forgot to mention is the ‘employment at will’ issue the USA has, you can fire anyone at any time, depending on your state. Fire anyone here without the proper warnings, and the government will sue you. Gotta love living in this part of the world.
@NewMessage6 жыл бұрын
I'm watching this at work right now. Take that, 'The Man'!
@crookedpaths66125 жыл бұрын
It's true. The foreign exchange rate for Australians visiting New Zealand is AU$100 for one pebble. For everyone else it's NZ dollars.
@crookedpaths66125 жыл бұрын
Buuuurrrnn!!!
@THMILLER6 жыл бұрын
It is ridiculous in the USA, i am former US Army, and since i started working in Germany about 15 years ago and discovered that the American system is basically slavery in comparison to the benefits that are enjoyed here i decided that i never in my life again want to work under the American system. The difference is that compared to here the USA is a third world country.
@broknsword236 жыл бұрын
I'm German and I appreciate that last joke.
@ac35ta236 жыл бұрын
Reading the comments I learnt one thing.... Germanys and Kiwis love a good joke. #kiwilaughingoverhere 🤣😂😎
@g2macs6 жыл бұрын
Only an Aussie could rip the pish out of Kiwi's that good!
@Elitist206 жыл бұрын
that's 'rup the puhsh'
@Harlief6 жыл бұрын
Bloody cheeky West Islanders.
@dannyrascalmusic6 жыл бұрын
Did he?? I was too busy trying to work out how many pebbles I’d need for my next holiday.
@AdzProductions6 жыл бұрын
Danny R heaps of them bro
@AJBramwell6 жыл бұрын
Wasn't even that funny, seen much better
@gerardflynn38992 жыл бұрын
A happy workplace is a productive workplace.
@Montrose1736 жыл бұрын
In Canada, parents can split an 18 month parental leave at approximately 65% of pay (capped depending on income level).
@mishaalkisan16886 жыл бұрын
NZ here, still trying count my pebbles
@tameshewolf6 жыл бұрын
Jim has some amazing writers! Other political satire shows kinda get merged into each other, but these writers dive into some diverse relevant topics! Great job! This show needs its own channel now, c'mon!
@JeffNixonComedy6 жыл бұрын
Work is a force that gives you meaning.
@MrBizteck6 жыл бұрын
I work for a UK company. I have 35 days AL a year. Im paid almost 40% more than my US equivalent. Paid pension from day 1. Health care is state run and treated my wifes cancer. I have the option of Private health insurance if wanted. And option to take up to 5 months unpaid leave. Oh and we made 100 mil profit last year. Coupled with parental leave ....(. no more kids ahhhh) and other social options. Im very happy I chose to leave the us 18 years ago.
@duanepigden13376 жыл бұрын
I use to work for an American multinational company and I would agree that Americans are hard working. That’s because they insist on doing everything the hard way. For example the one plant complained that a shipping job took eight hours to do. A Canadian showed them how using the computer system they could do it in thirty minutes. They didn’t want to change.
@cyberwaste6 жыл бұрын
I live in Japan. Cry more about how hard the work ethic is America.
@sermovies32176 жыл бұрын
As a German the last joke was objectively funny. But hey we are also working shitloads and go depressed, but not in the lower end. Most of mid to high level employees are depressed.
@torben47416 жыл бұрын
Yeah, that's because you have a 40 hour week but are expected to make 10 additional hours per week. Those extra hours often do not transfer into holidays and are usually not as well compensated
@CatraValentine6 жыл бұрын
Not exactly true. The depression rate is also high among low-level + unemployed ppl. The last figures I saw very more like a curve: High depression rates in the low, with a dent in the middle and again a peak among high level stuff. Generally, burn-outs & depression rates rose up in the last 20 yrs or so, equally to the rate that unions were under fire for being 'too social'.
@sermovies32176 жыл бұрын
BexSpector well low level employees struggle with their lives mid level struggle with their lives and their jobs since they never can relax. I know I worked there until I started my masters for a break and additional responsibilities. The way stress goes is that you go home and still think about how to fix problems like planning responsibilities for digitalization in bavaria in my case. It is fkin horrible you schedule meetings and after like 3 more hours you go to your girlfriend and are completely stressed out and try to act like a decent human being which works but your brain goes nutts after 2-3 years.
@salmonnnnman4 жыл бұрын
@@sermovies3217 I dunno man, maybe you need to change company...my girlfriend (she's german) and I moved to Munich, she works in the financial sector, also educated to a master's level, and her company offers over 30 days holiday and overtime hours....they pretty much force them to log out of computers if they are registered as doing more than 10 hours work in a day...we moved from london as I'm a Brit (I work in science and I'm doing my PhD so my pay and entitlements are below national average for my education level but still okay) and while she makes a little less the benefits overall seem pretty huge to me compared to the UK.
@odraciroavlag6 жыл бұрын
Work smart, not hard!
@RubyDoobieScoo6 жыл бұрын
Ouch... only some of us talk like that we've upgraded from peebles to bottle caps.
@AmbitiousLearnWithGeorge5 жыл бұрын
@ 4:18 "I'm ok with that tbh. We should encourage the Germans to be relaxed. We've seen what happens when they get a little uptight. You might say they got a little bit too much done." :D
@Crimethoughtfull5 жыл бұрын
An Aussie ripping on the Kiwis...as a Yankee living in NZ for a couple years now, that's pretty hilarious. Everyone says "bro" a lot.
@falconpunch63605 жыл бұрын
I've never worked a "real job" day in my life and im 29. Love being a pro poker player and sports bettor! freedom! there is still stress and having to pay bills for my place in niagara falls, but i love the endless freedom and hours i set myself. Sometimes i dont work at all. Sometimes i work for 10 hours.
@chokinonashes616 жыл бұрын
Abby Martin ❤
@darthcrazed55816 жыл бұрын
Wooow I'm German so.... Really f*king good joke dude. :D
@MysterX796 жыл бұрын
I'm from Germany, having 26 days of vacation and my boss really pushes me and my collegues to take them. Now it's September and he sees there are a few of my collegues still with 15 or even 20 days. So he says "You better start taking them, I don't want you to leave for full 4 weeks in December!" Because it's totally okay to take your vacation, but only on special occasions you'll get 3 weeks in a row or even 4. That would hurt the company.
@ThomasStevensontutor6 жыл бұрын
As a proud Nu Zillander (that's apparently how we sound in the US), this was bloody hilarious, bro XD
@TheNakedWombat6 жыл бұрын
I have worked on contract(Brisbane, Australia) with a company who rostered 4 days on, 4 days off with rotating shifts. Amazing productivity with little stress.
@ItsDeebs6 жыл бұрын
In Australia we have for Full-time employees 4 weeks paid leave and 8 days paid sick leave per year. Than we have long service leave The long service leave entitlement for an employee is: After 10 years of continuous employment working in the same business - 82/3 weeks paid leave. For every 5 years of continuous employment working in the same business after the initial 10 years - 41/3 weeks paid leave Long service applies to Full-time, Part-time and casual workers. Corporate employers and small businesses will find an excuse to cut casual employees after 6 years to avoid this.
@Hudson3166 жыл бұрын
*note: varies by employer, but those would be the standard rates (pretty sure I get 5 weeks a year paid leave, and LSL for my job was 10 weeks after 10 years and a week per year after that. I don't think our casuals get it, but it's hard to tell because every few years they try to move the casuals up to permanent, so we don't have any casuals who've been there for 10 years. Also the LSL is payable if the person quits after 7 years when it starts accumulating pro rata)
@s24584jgdft6 жыл бұрын
4 weeks annual, 4 weeks sick leave, then the long service for this aussie.
@MysterX796 жыл бұрын
I'm sorry I didn't understand that 82/3 and 41/3. I'm curious, could you please explain?
@Hudson3166 жыл бұрын
Volker Scheffer he meant 8 and two-thirds, and 4 and one third. It clocks up over time so you'll eventually get full weeks out of that extra 2/3rd of a week, though to ease of operation companies that don't pay the bare minimum can boost that up (so mine for example was 10 weeks after 10 years)
@MysterX796 жыл бұрын
James Austin Thanks alot - I understood. I read "eightytwo/three" and "fourtyone/three" and so I couldn't make any sense out of it.
@Macro1054 жыл бұрын
This is filmed in America, so the laughter at NZ thing didn't make much sense. But yes America making fun of new Zealand is funny and an Australian tradition
@Ellmatt5 жыл бұрын
don't tell the french this they already work 35 hours a week and they are still complaining about it
@h4n5i6 жыл бұрын
in germany it is 2 days per month with a fulltimeworkweek ranging from 40-48 hours, 60 hours are maximum allowed overtime, and you need to have rest days right after that, half an hour break if you work 6 hours are mandatory, that becomes 45 min if you go beyond 8 hours and an hour if you go beyond nine hours. anything less is negotiable, we also have reduced hours leading to the several jobs syndrome.... we got 8.95 €/hr as the minimum wage, this will be raised to acomodate inflation. and the wage is that low because "free healthcare" and other things a social democracy brings with it.
@gjna51436 жыл бұрын
The German joke at the end killed me 😂
@shadowlord14186 жыл бұрын
From new Zealand I can confirm
@IsilNasar6 жыл бұрын
In Costa Rica we work 48 hours a week. 8 hours a day 6 days a week..
@chriscross95056 жыл бұрын
That is why you are not an industrial or economic powerhouse. It's just work for works sake not for productivity and efficiency.
@TheTru7hy6 жыл бұрын
I'm from New Zealand. Haha! Love ya Jeff!
@AndrewBrowner6 жыл бұрын
"you might even say that got a little too much done!"
@anthonykelly90466 жыл бұрын
Pretty sure "Nikola" plays up front for Tottenham.
@infiltr80r6 жыл бұрын
Reminds me of Japan where many have to stay in the office late to pretend to be hard-working. Nothing much gets done of course as naturally, people work in streaks - sometimes 14 hours a day non-stop and sometimes barely 2 hours a day at a leisurely pace. This is why 9-5 office workers get so little done in comparison to self-employed people.
@TheKaiTetley6 жыл бұрын
New Zealanders are in bread? They are bakers?
@AnonEyeMouse6 жыл бұрын
No. They haven't figured out fabric yet, so they wear food.
@insane_troll6 жыл бұрын
No, of course not. The pebbles are in the bread.
@loibuinguyen40126 жыл бұрын
Jiiuhtvgrr v llO
@jamesgulapa72196 жыл бұрын
@@AnonEyeMouse mayo helps in tight fitting baguettes
@conormilne57726 жыл бұрын
Ricky Baker!
@dtvfan246 жыл бұрын
nice jab of the ongoing saga of aussies v NZ at 3:14
@h302026 жыл бұрын
Yes I've been wanting 4 days work week. Hire a bit more people and rotate.
@moonliteX Жыл бұрын
this is SOOOOOO spot on.
@rhinogames23206 жыл бұрын
As a kiwi I had a good laugh
@Frikzter6 жыл бұрын
This was a treat!
@Peoples_Republic_of_Devonshire6 жыл бұрын
My contract at work states I should work 30 hour weeks. I actually work about 50 hours a week on both day and night shift
@dennish65796 жыл бұрын
It's way worse in Hong Kong, trust me. Look it up, we have some of the longest work hours over here.
@richardwhite6886 жыл бұрын
I agree that working less is great, but what about the pay? Most employers would have people work less, but you end up with the same pay per hour, so you end up with less money, not a feasible option for most workers. That being said, I am a member of a grocery Union and we get something called ATOs, accumulated time off. We get 4 hours of time off per week, that is accumulated to 8 hours off every 2 weeks. So we work 5 days only 2 weeks of every month, plus we get a stat day most months. So it works out that we usually work 4 days for 3 weeks a month. We get the same rate of pay for this, we are very lucky. It makes a huge difference only working 4 days a week, if you can afford it of course, I wish everybody could.
@TheKingby16 жыл бұрын
I'm not American, nor in a union but this is the same at my minimum wage bar job. It's amazing being able to ask for a Friday off and take a long weekend and still get paid. Obviously if you give enough warning.
@MsKharv6 жыл бұрын
depends on the company and role, but its about getting your work load done in 4 days rather than five, something which becomes easier over time due to increased rest/life work balance
@garettjames63496 жыл бұрын
That last joke might have him thrown out of Hollywood. Can't say anything some one person might take offense at these days.
@mymagicsigns5 жыл бұрын
There is a company in Romania with hundreds of employees, everyone works 5 days a week, 12 hours a day, 3 weeks per month, so they work only 15 days a month, now...I've been working for 8 months straight for 12 hours a day, 7 days a week, just two days off in 8 months...I wonder if those guys are happier than me?!
@vivim296 жыл бұрын
Nice one Jim, kiwi accent not too shabby!
@sefman58516 жыл бұрын
I remember work...# The lucky country. At least a kiwi can go on date. Then eat their date. Then knit a nice cardigan.
@Sowiso46 жыл бұрын
I don't know where he got the information from, that Germany has 8 weeks of leave. The german average is 30 days, but according to my experience it is more like 25-27.
@vk23366 жыл бұрын
Up to
@derneuethomas5 жыл бұрын
As a German i have to say that most employees only have six weeks paid vacation, a lot even only five. I don't know anyone who have 8 weeks
@TheSouthernPirate6 жыл бұрын
Don't bother working hard......you'll just be tired when they lay you off and move your job to India or Eastern Europe :(
@petermizon43444 жыл бұрын
Yes working hard. And still cant compete . While bezos is worth 150 billion and rising how are your ambitions affected lol
@crookedsouls6 жыл бұрын
Why is there a photo of England's football (soccer) captain, Harry Kane @1:02 ?
@TheNakedWombat6 жыл бұрын
It wasn't this past spring but autumn. ;)
@christian103756 жыл бұрын
What do you call a sophisticated Australian? A New Zealander.
@Elitist206 жыл бұрын
What do you call a New Zealander in a a suit? The defendant.
@christian103756 жыл бұрын
Chris Veldkamp what? 🤔
@keylow71556 жыл бұрын
What do you call an Australian on boat? Somalian refugee.
@chrisveldkamp58466 жыл бұрын
What do you call an aussie who makes it to the Grand final?? The ref.
@jacobriley-plater50116 жыл бұрын
what do you call a New Zealander with a hundred lovers? A Shepherd
@gerardflynn38992 жыл бұрын
Bills in America make up your weekly wage. In other countries Bill's decimate your weekly wage.
@dervakommtvonhinten5176 жыл бұрын
wow, i really enjoyed this clip. he didnt try to shoehorn politics and/or trump in it so thats a plus
@venkyratnam6 жыл бұрын
9 hours you say? What about the work culture in developing countries. Take India for example. People in the private sector, which is infamous here for long working hours, usually work 10 to 11 hours even carrying part of it home. So 3 hours of 'Leisure' for Americans and 1.2 hours of 'caring for others' sounds great to us.
@venkyratnam6 жыл бұрын
@Tournel Henry yeah i get your point.
@Eric-ye5yz6 жыл бұрын
Venkatesh ….. so America is the richest third world country. That sounds about right !
@danieladamsons67715 жыл бұрын
I'm from Madagascar, but I hate honey on toast, bees hurt, Vegemite don't spread it to thick
@paulnicklas245 жыл бұрын
In Germany we even get extra holidays to do courses and get extra qualifications. Woman get at least a year of child leave and can get their old job back as a part time worker. Man do get at least three months to care for the mother and the child and still get full payment.
@krwindjr29865 жыл бұрын
this is hilarious, try working in Asia - Hong Kong or Singapore. America has no obsession with work
@fearnobeer90773 жыл бұрын
I found a job where I can work the least for the most amount of money,took me 30 years but I got there in the end
@Juzgames6 жыл бұрын
Where do i sign up for a globalist member form ?
@larspersson6176 жыл бұрын
Hope the All Blacks see this before next Bledisloe game...
@godfathery2kgaming3246 жыл бұрын
Ouch! From New Zealand.
@mats74926 жыл бұрын
being in the year 2018 and still working like its 1960.. ridiculous! greetings from 4-6 weeks of paid vacation germany..
@gumbogumbo13026 жыл бұрын
no, germany does not give 8 weeks of vacation . we give a max of 6. and we have a 40-42 h week
@Albstein6 жыл бұрын
You forget the public holidays and I work 35h.
@MrBizteck6 жыл бұрын
Mmm you missed the part he said UP TO 8 weeks.
@qweqwe7006 жыл бұрын
I like you Jim, thanks for the laughs
@liamstancombe87856 жыл бұрын
I live in france and we have 35 hour weeks and 3 years off for the first parent and 6 months for the second
@sillytorque6 жыл бұрын
but how many of those 35 hours are you on strike on average? 60%?
@liamstancombe87856 жыл бұрын
As many as it takes and you know what it works we have free health care if you hurt your self at work your payed until you get better you boss cant fire you with out giving you a months notice or a months pay and a lump sum on top and then you get 2year job seekers while you look for work AND we retire at 65 for men and 62 for women and all that we got from striking and standing up for our selfs so you keep working paying your taxes and not getting anything back while we relax with a glass of some of the best wine in the world watching our kids grow and take there 1st steps say there 1st words
@TheRedMooncorp5 жыл бұрын
@@liamstancombe8785 Then why is France such an elitist society with low social mobility? (German asking)
@eddyspeddy6 жыл бұрын
Unless they paying over $30 an hour, I couldn't afford to live on that. I have to work 6 days a week most of the time, and I'm in Aus, which has a bit more affordable living than America.
@gjda995 жыл бұрын
If you work 40 Hours a week, you have to do private stuff in your work time, so 30 Hours would be enough
@robovac35576 жыл бұрын
@1:11 Harry Kane. Always knew you were a wrong un.
@Slow-wipe6 жыл бұрын
God abby martin is such top class journalist.
@Darkgale696 жыл бұрын
god i love this show
@byron53066 жыл бұрын
I typically dont agree with you but i agree with this
@h0len6 жыл бұрын
wow almost 9 hours/day :P Back in Norway we work 8 hours, where 30 minutes of that is lunch :S So you work about 1 1/2 hours more than us? gotte be stressful
@CoL_Drake6 жыл бұрын
26 paid days off is like the minimal a normal country should offer by law
@michaelrowsell11606 жыл бұрын
Just more holidays would work as then spending would go up and not out of the country.
@danhemming66246 жыл бұрын
I tell people I work for the Bureau of Statistics. When they ask what as, I say "A Statistic!".
@JoelTGM6 жыл бұрын
ill take a vacation one year!
@PsyMongazoid6 жыл бұрын
Average working day of 9.2 hours?!? I wish. Try driving for a living in England.
@04030196 жыл бұрын
As an Australian very happy living in Australia, I find it a little wrong Jim moving to the U.S. and picking fault with the U.S. all the time. Does he have a point, is he funny? Well, maybe, but you don’t move to another country and criticise it all the time
@MsKharv6 жыл бұрын
yuh, but he says it how the rest of the world sees it. they have some really odd ideas compared to the rest of us, ppl there actually think socialism is scary and radical and communism despite the fact that if all they did was have public healthcare then they would be full socialsists, it the only fricken difference ffs. or how they think talk of better gun control laws goes against the second ammendment, when they already have gun laws. its so unique to america
@Noises5 жыл бұрын
Some of the most successful new Americans make big dollars doing exactly that. So maybe you can do it.
@FxAndrej5 жыл бұрын
US mass shootings are so common that they even accidentally creep into comedy shows -> 2:04
@juliusp1476 жыл бұрын
The Germany's 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@Kelxo-o76 жыл бұрын
Wait... there are more of us?
@istvansipos99406 жыл бұрын
Kelxo Germany is (Germany's) fun (lots of laughing smiley heads). he didn't write it in plural. that would have been "Germanies" his "The" is wrong (unnecessary), though
@EEDEELUTIONS6 жыл бұрын
I work 60 hours a week and have to fly 5000 kms to go to work. Twice a year for 4 months at a time lol. I’m definitely doing it wrong.
@Metalblowing6 жыл бұрын
They should Bring Bill Burr again. He can talk some sense into this nutcase.
@conors44303 жыл бұрын
Isn’t it fun when you just convince your entire population that the only way to get ahead in life is work, and even after all the work you do, when that doesn’t happen, everyone will tell you, well obviously you didn’t work hard enough. Couldn’t be that even the slightest attempts at making the work life balance more healthy are always called communism. Or annual leave or anything else is akin to getting something for nothing. I like America. But I hate how much their people have to suffer when they don’t actually have to. The richest and most powerful nation in the history of the earth and you don’t even get mandatory holiday leave with pay or anything else. Work exists to give you something to do and to give us all the opportunity to improve our situation in life and make things easier so that life won’t be about pure survival. Because the same people saying Americans need to work this hard will be the same people saying, why aren’t young people getting into relationships? Why is there no sense of community any more? Why are people getting more unfit mentally and physically? Couldn’t be that, work is expected to be put first before absolutely everything else in a persons life to the point where you literally can’t fit anything else in or if you can, you are so mentally exhausted that you need to just rest.
@suuppeerrrbakanky6 жыл бұрын
Tell them they do seasons wrong
@Dejam6 жыл бұрын
I'm form Germany and even the title made me wonder.