Astrophysicist Answers Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

Astrophysicist Paul M. Sutter answers the internet's burning questions about astrophysics. What exactly is dark matter? How many exoplanets are there? What is it in like a black hole? What actually is a parallel universe? Paul answers all these questions and much more!
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Astrophysicist Answers Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

[@adityakalekar99]

The best thing social media has done, or the internet in general, is giving people the opportunity to ask silly yet important questions - a feature that wasn't offered in school.

[@leemitlessX]

It wasn't offered. But for a curious student, you take it to raise your hand and ask anyways

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I had a lot of fun answering the questions!

[@AntonLFG]

@@PaulMSutter This video earned you a sub.

[@rieskimo]

I loved asking dumb questions, especially after being told "there is no such thing as a dumb question". Some schools are certainly too crowded to allow such foolishness though.

[@thebenis3219]

It made me extremely sad when they told us that astronomy wasn't available as a subject to us in my high school 18 years ago.

[@repapeti98]

He's the kind of guy who if he was a teacher, you'd never skip class but would instantly fail you if your essay had the Sun spelled with a lowercase letter.

[@flamingaish]

so accurate

[@hankschrader627]

Perfect description

[@sharilynn3024]

My thoughts exactly!

[@themachine9000]

Actually you only capitalize the sun when in Chicago type format or when using it as a pronoun

[@astro_penguin_]

@@themachine9000 ...pronoun?

[@gabmozes7858]

"When will the universe end ?" "Not soon enough." I love this guy. MORE PLEASE.

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I'd love to do more!

[@alanthejackal4011]

Sick Currents pic my guy!

[@gabmozes7858]

@@alanthejackal4011 thanks mate ! I’m glad to see another Currents fan here !

[@shawnconary6810]

The new album is incredible, gents!

[@markmanlapaz9312]

@@alanthejackal4011 kj

[@Colouh]

I really like when people like him explains things that required a lot of math, physics and really brilliant minds so simple and understandable.

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

"Do galaxies spin clockwise or counterclockwise?" "Yes" Okay I like this guy.

[@mohamedraaifrushdhy6693]

So both are correct I am confused 😀

[@Jaydon_Perez]

@@mohamedraaifrushdhy6693 It is a matter of perspective

[@sandocean5647]

@@mohamedraaifrushdhy6693"Yes"

[@leemitlessX]

Better question is if the whole observable universe spins C or CC

[@michaireneuszjakubowski5289]

@@leemitlessX Same answer really - it depends entirely on your definition of up and down, which is arbitrary by necessity, so... Now, the question if the observable universe HAS a preferred direction of motion is valid, it's just deciding what that direction is will always be arbitrary.

[@jonathanfoster4202]

This guy's excitement is so contagious. 90% of what he said went over my head but i was right there with him the whole time.... _emotionally_ speaking

[@reznovvazileski3193]

Wanna see contagious enthusiasm? Watch some Richard Feynman footage :') This guy could make Kristen Stewart smile with the amount of passion and energy he put into this.

[@PaulMSutter]

I'm glad you liked my energy, and I'm glad you learned something!

[@jonathanfoster4202]

@@PaulMSutter 😁

[@theackermans-7479]

"Nothing goes over my head, my reflexes are too fast"

[@gogogadgetkat]

I have no idea what's going on but I'm just happy to be here

[@julioramirez7852]

I could hear him talk for hours and wouldn’t get bored. Such amazing talker about an amazing and complex topic. Bring him back, I need more answers!

[@lulWut9]

Relatively and time ticking at different speeds is probably one of the most mind bending things in science.

[@mrsamot4677]

Ever wonder why? You should look into why if you’re traveling at 0.5c and you turn a flashlight on, the flashlight beam still travels at c. That’ll do more than bend your mind.

[@cambrown5777]

People might think he's trolling with the "Yes." response to the clockwise or counter clockwise, but he's dead serious. It just depends what side of the galaxy you consider to be the top lol. In space, this is not a question with one answer.

[@Bossman50.]

Not really; what he meant was the question was asking if galaxies MAY spin counter or normal clockwise. As if to say “and.” So he answered with yes, confirming the statement that they can go both ways.

[@xeonbladev18]

@@Bossman50. the point of view is what determines the direction a galaxy rotates. So the original comments explanation makes way more sense. Yours is kinda how a non-astrophysicist would think

[@Bossman50.]

@@xeonbladev18 no it’s really not.

[@xeonbladev18]

@@Bossman50. yeah. Think harder. Anything spinning one direction can spin the other direction if you just move the frame of reference

[@RandomPerson-lp2tl]

I think what he did was interpret the question as "Do galaxies spin either clockwise or anti clockwise?" to which the answer will be yes because if a galaxy is spinning then it has to be spinning either clockwise or anticlockwise.

[@gabmozes7858]

I want to see this guy more often. I want more astrophysics support.

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I'd love to do more!

[@sdlion7287]

He has so carefully crafted those answers, I loved them. They are concise enough to be a twitter reply, whole encompassing and he stop at the right amount of information so whoever is interested in the topic, gets hooked up and goes to search for more about it.

[@bertfalasco1436]

I thoroughly enjoyed this. This man is passionate, knowledgeable and justifiably captivating. Please have him back.

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I really enjoyed myself!

[@Legendary_anime_world]

If this guy were my professer, I would never miss my lecture I really loved this video

[@PaulMSutter]

And if you were my student, I would fail you for missing class

[@JonahNelson7]

@@PaulMSutter prove to me you're the real Paul

[@svseducationalacademygvred5292]

@@JonahNelson7 welp he did join 7 years ago and has 40k subs and he's bald soooooooo.

[@schleifenquantengravitation]

thats because he is telling the easy stuff, a real astrophysics course does not look like that at all.

[@christopheresquivelcortes856]

1:43 yes what . Clockwise or counterclockwise????😔……………”yes”

[@GiacomoPaganini997]

Current physics master's student here. 99% of the time that I was listening to the astro-pal I was having fun, enjoying how a far better teacher than me explains concepts I already know. But then the binary systems stuff hit me. Thinking that Jupiter was close to be a star. Like very close. And we treated him like a fluffy-oversized version of a planet for 4000 years. If only he was 20 times bigger... We would not be here! 20 jupiter masses, compeared to the sun, is like a glass of water compeared to a swimming pool!! A very insignificant mass dislocation, for a borning star. I won't sleep this night, thinking about this.

[@effekt4]

Something to help you sleep better: I doubt there's enough matter in the solar system for Jupiter to get that big. And its probably why it never made it to star status

[@mrsamot4677]

@@effekt4 that’s the whole glass of water vs pool analogy. There’s definitely enough matter.

[@Cepheid_]

Yeah the sun has 1000 Jupiter masses so the solar system has enough matter to have have created several low mass stars during it's development but for some reason the sun got the lion's share. I'm studying physics so I haven't taken any astrophysics courses but I wonder how close we were to having a second sun. Or maybe we did but it was ejected.

[@DylRicho]

​@@Cepheid_ Random chance I guess. You could run that same scenario hundreds of times and end up with different systems. I do wonder what things would be like here, and whether we would be here at all, if Jupiter was replaced by a low-mass brown dwarf.

[@aryan7767]

this is gonna be such a random crapshoot, BUT PLEAE PLAY OUTER WILDS (Not outer worlds). It's a game that i reccomend anyone with even a mild interest in space to play. It genuinely is the best celebration of humans and space that i know o. I know i am bein gvague af but this game is not like anything you have played. At least play it for 22 minutes only ;)

[@basantabista5075]

Not gonna lie. Some of these answers brought up more questions. I hope they do another one. This was fun.

[@PaulMSutter]

That's the nature of research...

[@thaminab8385]

I didn't know koalas could talk!

[@Nojaru]

A coherent KZbin comment no less. This koala is outperforming a large chunk of humanity

[@basantabista5075]

@Kshitiz Pokhrel Koalas do have opposable thumbs.

[@NickKlose]

This is always how physics works, when you answer one question you get two new ones.

[@aspiretoinspire9679]

Astronomers are one of the happiest careers in the United States. As it turns out, astronomers rate their career happiness 4.0 out of 5 stars which puts them in the top 11% of careers.🥰🥰🥰

[@sudstahgaming]

Because they are always discovering new things and are rewarded if they create theories that fit the universe.

[@ccbgaming6994]

Mr. Sutter has a great combination of passion and knowledge when he speaks about this topic, which allows us to better understand and appreciate the information. Thank you

[@denizgurcan1928]

this format is my favorite, full of information and so soul satisfying. Thank you wired.

[@jonathanfoster4202]

Twitter: "when will the universe end?" Astrophysicist: "not soon enough!" 😥🤨 What does he know that i don't...

[@fcasias7]

Crippling depression.

[@tresnonugroho6397]

It's like those white blank paintings... 😅

[@PaulMSutter]

Sorry can't tell

[@xisde707]

A LOT

[@davidfortier6976]

Depending on exactly how it "ends" it could take a mind boggling amount of time, maybe as long as 10^10000 years. That's a googol times a googol of years. A googol (10^100) is such an absurdly large number that I never thought I'd see it used non-sarcastically. It's about one hundred billion billion times the number of atoms in the universe. So IF you can imagine a one followed by a hundred zeroes, that's a googol. If you can imagine a googol of googols, that's how many years it might take for the universe to end. I know that I explained the same thing about three times, I'm being bit dramatic because 10^10000 years is a freaking long time. It's maybe possible that the universe will "end" or "die" or collapse in upon itself in as "little" as 10^120 years, maybe less. We can't reliably predict, at least not yet, what will be the ultimate fate of the universe and each possibility has it's own timescale.

[@ximbabwe0228]

"Question mark, exclamation mark repeating" is the nerdiest way to pronounce "?!?!" I've ever heard and I love it

[@tresnonugroho6397]

I wonder what would he say if the question includes 🤔 ...

[@janpaulinemanalo8569]

hahahahahh

[@babysenpai3883]

I love to have him as a teacher, so cool, energetic and explains very well.

[@zacwattus4320]

Absolutely all of this stuff went right over my head, I literally don’t understand any of it. But he was a joy to listen to and watch.

[@dodgethis_]

This is the hill I'll die on apparently. The universe is "expanding" but then there's no edge and nothing it expands to. WHAT. Really makes me feel the limits of my brain.

[@tychelotus3536]

it really does and omg it feels so weird like XD

[@kur5ula]

The universe is everything so there’s nothing it could expand to

[@PaulMSutter]

It hurts I know

[@bobsnipes3335]

Think of the universe's expansion like it's an expanding balloon. If you mark the balloon with two dots some distance then blow some air into the balloon those dots grow further apart. The surface of the balloon got bigger but if you lived in the surface there is no edge. Does that make sense?

[@advaitjasoria6874]

This guy is absolutely amazing. Wish he had a podcast covering such basic astrophysics questions.

[@dr.mikelitoris]

Thanks for the comment, Advait

[@johnchesterfield9726]

@@dr.mikelitoris Thanks for the comment, random dude in the KZbin comment section thanking people for commenting for some reason

[@dr.mikelitoris]

@@johnchesterfield9726 Thanks for your reply, though it wasn’t really necessary, John

[@johnchesterfield9726]

@@dr.mikelitoris Thanks for replying to my reply, but neither was it necessary to thank a random person for commenting on a video you had nothing to do with either, Dr. Mike

[@dr.mikelitoris]

@@johnchesterfield9726 thanks for your reply, John

[@taylorbradfield4578]

If all teachers were had this kind of enthusiasm the world would be a better place! We love you Paul!!

[@phil2082]

Enthusiasm is great, but you also have to be able to distill an entire textbook worth of material to a ten second answer to really be able to explain advanced concepts quickly Could you pay attention the whole time as this guy explained one answer for two and a half hours straight?

[@rieskimo]

This is great, Paul killed it... If he hadn't also jumped in to the comments section it wouldn't be as easy to find his channel. Any chance we could get links to your subjects in the description any time soon?

[@sharilynn3024]

If this dude had been my teacher in high school or college, I would have been a freaking doctor! His enthusiasm is infectious!👏👏👏👏😊😊😊😊

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, that means a lot!

[@shudduptimmy3880]

@@PaulMSutter you are an angel, stay curious

[@aryan7767]

why not an strouphsycists haha

[@brittanymlanders]

Love this type of content your channel puts out. He’s an amazing educator/explainer of things!

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I appreciate that!

[@Kuoppo]

Can we get more of this guy? I genuinely am looking forward to watch more of this man!!

[@owenmoran3092]

This is an underapprciated video. Enough people won’t say it but a part 2 with this man would be awesome! Favorite one so far.

[@timkessler7737]

MORE! MORE! Paul is amazing and this was sooo much fun! I felt smarter after each question.

[@winstondormery7005]

He's the best

[@ColinGrym]

The "science and medicine supports" are my favorite content on this channel :) You guys always pick passionate, intelligent people.

[@tonyryantetteh265]

I love his enthusiasm and his energy.

[@invox9490]

"When will the universe end? Not soon enou... I'm just kidding." Love this guy. What I didn't love was cropping all the great answers and stories he was giving us. That was a shame.

[@OfficialSamuelC]

You nail these Support videos with the specialists you get in! They’re always fantastic individuals with awesome, super-likeable personalities!

[@PaulMSutter]

Thank you, I had a lot of fun!

[@berouja]

He seems like a fun person to talk to when he's drunk lol

[@FOBxGymnast]

This was insanely entertaining and informative but I think this flung me right into an existential crisis.

[@TheOGPokemonGirl]

I love how excited he is to be able teach others about astrophysics, It's such a fascinating topic! I just love how these videos break things down to a basic level that noobs like me can understand.

[@suhass6628]

"Do galaxies spin clockwise or counterclockwise?" "Yes". is better than Neil Degrasse tyson's “When will I die?” "Well, you're always dying"

[@RandomPerson-lp2tl]

Yes.

[@ceo9395]

both are true though galaxy's spinning is up to perspective and once you hit 25 your body does begin dying

[@huajie666liu8]

The more you know the mysterious it can be. Love the show.

[@dvaccaro96]

I like that he was given some of the same questions Kaku answered to, and gave slightly different answers

[@concettasorvillo3719]

"Since when science has made any sense". Loving so much. But I just love that there are things out there that we still don't understand and we probably never will. It just make everything more fascinating ang magical, in a way.

[@BroAnarchy]

"do galaxies spin clockwise or counterclockwise?" " _YES_ " *_LOL_*

[@frown]

What's it like being the Space variant of Sean Evans?

[@rextek5421]

This was hella interesting and I actually learned something aswell. You could really tell, that he is passionate about Astrophysics and he was able to explain complicated stuff in a way that we normies were able to understand it

[@oak3785]

this guy rules; straight to the point without milking the topics with dramatic effects and concepts that are hard to understand

[@kocengineering769]

Nice topic thanks a lot I was waiting for this one so badly

[@jkmorbo]

I love that he's so chill about movies. It's nice to see after Hadfield got all high and mighty about movies not making sense. No hate but come on, they're movies. Documentaries exist for a reason.

[@rebeccamcnutt5142]

"I'm not grading homework" What a great attitude.

[@haalamn877]

its amazing how he makes explaining this things easier for me to understand. most of the time i dont understand what my teacher is teaching when his talking about science

[@mairashiraz1167]

"I just have one question" "Thanks" I LOVE THIS GUY

[@ColinGrym]

I'm a layman, but I think the theory of warp drive is that you can't move through space faster than the speed of light, but you can move space around you at FTL speeds. Kind of like how swimming along with the current of a river will get you somewhere faster than you can swim in a pool.

[@infinitemonkey917]

Alcubierre drive

[@kaushikiyer4881]

Unfortunately the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference. It doesn't change. It's an absolute number

[@infinitemonkey917]

​@@kaushikiyer4881 Hypothetically you could have apparent faster than light travel by contracting space in front of a ship and expanding it behind it. It would arrive faster than light without breaking physical laws.

[@Obsidianone831]

@@infinitemonkey917 Yes, I believe that's how the warp drive in Star Trek operates. It is warping actual space around the ship so the ship achieves FTL travel without breaking physical laws. I read about this long ago in a book called The Physics of Star Trek. Good stuff!

[@justayoutuber1906]

@@Obsidianone831 Ah, now I see why they called it "warp" drive

[@raymondleach6372]

I very highly recommend his book, ‘How to Die in Space’. It’s a great read and he does a good job of explaining the universe to people who aren’t PhD Astrophysicists.

[@paulthew2]

Mr. Sutter, Agent to the Stars and educating us with the Complete Knowledge of Time and Space. My favorite Astrophysicist.

[@333damanha]

He answers the question in the thumbnail in the first minute of the video, truly impressive

[@sayanneogy3079]

The absolute best QnA session ever...

[@gargimishra12]

Oh!! I loved this.. want a part 2 with same guy.. I wish he could just teach me astrophysics.

[@Nina-tg4lm]

He has a yt channel!

[@gargimishra12]

@@Nina-tg4lm ohh really thankya. I got it

[@melissagodoy3170]

I love all these videos so informative !!!

[@Aviator27J]

My astrophysics courses in college were some of my favorite classes I've ever taken in my life. Sure, I've always loved space and aviation (learning to fly involved some of my other favorite classes), but it's just such an interesting topic that a fair portion of my leisure reading is on the subject.

[@imongnawongkaypangit2172]

I like this guy. He made me question and ponder more about the universe. I just had an epiphany that led to an existential crisis.

[@coop4476]

🤔

[@zlata5589]

Thanks for the best short astrophysics course ever

[@PaulMSutter]

You're welcome!

[@StretchReality]

“When will then universe end?” “NOT SOON ENOUGH” ooof mood

[@agentviktor3297]

This was one of the best physics Q&A. He focused on facts and not interesting, sci -fi hypothesis. Great!

[@suhass6628]

6:41 "COLD EMPTY VOID"........moving on LOL

[@kuro.hitsuji]

I find astrophysics so freaking fascinating but I'm dumb as a rock and would never make it in the field. So I love watching these kinds of videos to fulfil my excitement about space!

[@thenickis7354]

We need a part 2 of this guy. It was so interesting.

[@xisde707]

pls bring this guy multiple times, loved the guy and the video

[@butwhytho4858]

Saving this for my 12 yr old. Can’t wait to watch this with him! Ty!

[@HarpSeal]

11:40 for anyone who wants an explanation for this, here it is: As our velocity increases, our clocks tick slower (moving through time slower) than an observer that is in another frame of reference, not just that, but another phenomenon occurs called length contraction, it’s when our physical length contracts or in other words, we become shorter / flattened more in the way we travel. This means light will essentially have more time and less distance to travel to, it’s called Special Relativity and he has also mentioned it in this video. To conclude, as we approach the speed of light, our time ticks slower and slower, and our bodies and everything else moving at our speed, becomes shorter to the way it’s traveling, giving light more time and less distance.

[@mathieurenaud2254]

For the "nothing can travel faster than the speed of light" stuff, can you confirm that this is not entirely true since light slows down in a medium. Also, woukd there really be the same amount of matter right now as the start of the universe since antimatter exists and there was more of it at the start?

[@HarpSeal]

@@mathieurenaud2254 There are 2 ways to explain the light slowing down in a medium. 1. It does 2. Photons take longer routes Not entirely sure which one is THE correct one but sure, you're correct in a way. By matter, I meant energy, E = mc^2, sorry for the confusion.

[@BurgoYT]

@@mathieurenaud2254 when we say ‘nothing can travel faster than the speed of light’, we mean the absolute speed of light (ie. speed of light in a vacuum)

[@tomlxyz]

​@@HarpSeal only the perceived speed is lower. The photons keep getting absorbed and remitted but that process takes a little time which will make it look like the photon traveled faster while it actually never slowed down

[@caracaracat2958]

Astrophysics is such a fascinating subject. I love hearing about space and all the amazingly impossible things that happen there, it’s incredibly fun

[@saifuusuri]

Most science stuff goes over my head, but I still love learning about it all.

[@Jimmy_Masa0118]

Imagine getting high with this dude and he keeps blowing your mind with astrophysics facts

[@ry_an.]

Shrooms and DMT would make your head explode

[@SMG2fanatic]

This guy reminded me of someone. Then I realized he’s the Coyote Peterson of astrophysics.

[@_ata_3]

Thanks for answering that question about the edge of the universe. It makes more sense that there is nothing more outside of it. Everything it's in the universe.

[@TON__618.]

He is one of my favorite astrophysicists, I first saw him on the show: how the universe works

[@bulog-kun]

i love this guy, he inserts jokes in serious answers

[@AugustAdvice]

"You cant travel faster than the speed of light." Aliens: "Hold my beer."

[@commanderiosifstalin4938]

Black hole: Hold my gravity.

[@bane4743]

The problem with astrophysics is it always brings up more questions. Thus is my sole reason to study it. I was fortunate enough to be able to answer every question pretty well asked in this video. It's a wonderful subject.

[@iwannaseenow1]

Enjoyed this. Hopefully we'll see more of this guy in the future. The scientific education of the public can never have too many champions.

[@riverbloe]

Not me having an existential crisis because the universe has no center or edge.

[@PaulMSutter]

Welcome to my world...

[@smorgasborgas]

I love this guy's enthusiasm

[@deepspacelaika2499]

10:54 Mike Schley! I was genuinely surprised to find the main Dungeons & Dragons Map Artist asking a question in a video about astrophysics.

[@headlights-go-up]

Hopefully there is a part 2. This guy is cool

[@PaulMSutter]

I'd love to do another!

[@mungelomwaangasikateyo376]

Thank you I really needed some light on the whole dark matter thing (Pun unintended)

[@MuskratsLive]

I absolutely love this, it perfectly satisfies my nerdiness.

[@antondulov8350]

i started listening to an astro podcast lately, then i googled who the guy in the podcast was and it's him! he is really great, i'm obsessed with the way he explains things!

[@marcportmann6300]

"When will the universe end?" "Not soon enough" 😂😂😂

[@louisrobitaille5810]

7:28 People usually only think of the speed of light as the speed at which light travels, but it's also related to what holds the atoms together. If the speed of light wasn't an absolute constant, subatomic particles would behave very differently.

[@effekt4]

Its easier to think of the speed of light as the constant limit of speed in the universe for anything. Photons travel at that speed (along with radio waves, UV rays, Gamma rays, Infrared light etc) because they have no mass, but they are unable to go faster than that, as is its the limit of universal speed, for the reasons that Paul has explained.

[@tomlxyz]

​@@effekt4 it's also called speed of causality because no effects can propagate faster

[@adamp6642]

9:00 What about wormholes, if they exist? Would it be possible to somehow open one and instantaneously go through it to your desired location? The calculations for the exact positions would definitely be something only done in the far future, but theoretically, would this somehow be possible?

[@miquelr2353]

How do they get such amazing people for these interviews so often. Bravo

[@Foolish188]

Who ever explains Dark Matter will win a well deserved Nobel Prize.

[@Kosherart]

The man who discovered the existence of and coined the term dark matter didn’t get one. Fritz Zwicky. Fascinating guy.

[@codyhoward7626]

I love how unopinionated this guy is. This was the right guy for this.

[@pool5863]

i love this man! hopefuly they bring him baclk to answer more questions

[@lm.l6317]

this guy is the type of professor that would have made you love a subject so much to study a grade about it

[@TheTemperedWolf]

Let's be real, no one had as much as fun as this guy.

[@rtab722]

I love that he chooses to read their twitter handles, which often contain a ton of numbers and symbols and thus are more difficult for him to read, rather than their names lol

[@evelynexuma1699]

13:20 "tuning to the wrong station you need quasar FM" 😂 I'm dead

[@mrs.h.l.g-b5814]

I don't understand everything he's saying but I'm here for it. More please.

[@valuecreatinghuman]

“What happens when you travel at the speed of light?” “YOU CAN’T. YOU CAN’T” Year 2155: watch me

[@nullvid8478]

🤣😂😂🙈

[@joelspaulding5964]

Let's get jet packs and actual flying cars first.

[@RDJ13]

I need him as my teacher.