BALTIC: LATVIAN & LATGALIAN

[@doncseczakosantal7920]

The character and historical development of the Prekmurian language is the same (prekmurščina) in East Slovenia. But Latgalians have made further progress in modern development their language.

[@szymonlechdzieciol]

It seems it's kinda opposite. When tribes of Latvia were kinda uniting into one nation to survive (originally it was like 5 larger tribes but not really big enough to form viable states) Latgalian language become most important in creation of modern Latvian. But Lutheran West Latvians and Catholic Latgalians clashed culturally, so Latgalians ditched united idenity project while Latvians kept language that is more Latgalian than Curonian or Zemgalian

[@liveforever141]

Latgalian-Lithuanian, and Latvian-Samogitian would be interesting to watch.

[@PolishSound]

What a wonderful sound of sounds and melody in these languages. Both. Debesiis is word similar to Dieva, Deus, which probably in latin and slavic transformed to neb(ula)(latin), nebesiis(slavic) mean clouds, Sky. This transformation is the opposite of the transformation of "n" to "d" in the numeral "nine" between Indo-European and Slavic, or precisely Latvian. It results from the phonetic proximity between n and d, between which there is only a change of the objects of contraction from the lips to the tongue and teeth. Both are articulated in front. Many people claim that the Lithuanian language is the most archaic, which some mistakenly associate with similarity to Sanskrit, as if it were somehow ennobling. This is a false assumption, because archaicity in no way indicates the betterment of the language. The Lithuanian language, or Latvian, is beautiful regardless of its alleged archaicity. And archaicity is not the same as similarity to Vedic, because some languages, whether Germanic, Latin, Slavic, Celtic, or any other, have certain features more archaic than the Vedas or Avesta. I say "allegedly" because in some respects the Baltic language is archaic, in other respects Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, etc. The Polish forms "gwizdać" - whistle "gwiazda" - star are different than in the rest of Slavic and have avoided palatalization, and in Sanskrit (shishkar - whistle), or in Latvian (svilpe- whistle zvaigzne-star) we already have a form with palatalization (Lithuanian "žvaigždė švilpukas"). In this respect, Polish turns out to be more archaic than Baltic or Indo-Iranian. But, for example, in the case of the word for "King" or "to carry", it is not. The vision of the existence of Balto-Slavic as an intermediate stage is, in my opinion, doubtful. it is worth considering the disintegration of *PIE into many different dialects, into many more than it has survived, some of which only have a history like a tree, while others died out, entered leagues, already at the stage of mutually understandable dialects. Isoglosses such as satemism or kentumism, based on palatalizations probably existed earlier as alternations, sometimes appearing, sometimes disappearing, which is illustrated by the difference in this aspect between the numeral four in Latvian and Lithuanian. Latvian has a form of the first sound here similar to Slavic or Indo-Iranian languages, while the rest of the arrangement is more archaic than Slavic, and it is difficult to assume that only this first sound was borrowed from Slavic, and not the entire word order. This borrowing would have to have occurred in the Proto-Slavic era. Lithuanian, on the other hand, has a form "4" that is more archaic than Indo-Aryan, because it is free from palatalization of the first sound.

[@blacksheep4987]

the polish word "gwizdać" is a descendant of a west slavic variant *gvizdati of proto-slavic *zvizdati, which returns proto-indo-european *sweysd- "to hiss". *sweysd- also returns latin "sībilus" meaning "hissing, whispering" (whence english "sibilant"), sanskrit "śīt" meaning "to whistle", and ancient greek "sízō" meaning "to hiss". so polish is much less archaic and more divergent than the other languages.

[@forgottenmusic1]

Seems like Standard Latvian and Russian have had independently the vowel change o->a, while both in Latgalian and Ukrainian it did not change (for comparison: in Russian, moloko is pronounced as malako, in Belarusian it is written malako as well, in Ukrainian it reads moloko just as it is written).

[@naurisss]

I’m pretty sure -a- was always a standard in Baltic languages, and Latgalian sound shifts are an innovation, not an archaism.

[@forgottenmusic1]

@@naurisss Talking about "o" in general, as short "o" disappeared from the proto-Baltic, it got replaced with "a". Later, unlike in Lithuanian, long "o" disappeared from Latvian as well, being replaced with "uo". The question is, if "o" was really re-invented in Latgalian, or, actually, it survived there.

[@naurisss]

@ Well the sound “uo” changes to “ū” in Latgalian. Generally there’s a simple system to know how sounds change in Latgalian from the rest of Latvian dialect forms: LV (ǣ) -> LG (ā) [Tēvs -> Tāvs] LV (ie) -> LG (ī) [Sieva -> Sīva] LV (uo) -> LG (ū) [Logs -> Lūgs] LV (a) -> LG (o) [Mats -> Mots] LV (ī) -> LG (ei) [Līgo -> Leigū] However, this shift can often be irregular due to different tones/pitch accents.

[@forgottenmusic1]

@@naurisss Well, there is just one "but". Latgalian is considered to be more archaic, than Latvian. Also, Modern Latvian is considered to be a descendant of Latgalian, replacing the other languages as Semigallian and Curonian. Therefore, since the Central dialect became the basis of Standard Latvian, it should be something like Latgalian with Semigallian influence. Under these circumstances, it would make more sense, if the changes were LG -> LV, or perhaps straight from proto-Baltic. About the change LV -> LG, it should be possible to talk only in the context of the time Common Latvian exists, like the last 500 years? And then, is it possible to track, that these changes are that young?

[@naurisss]

@ Well, I’m a South Latgalian speaker, and you’re mixing up a few things here: 1. Modern Latgalian (Latgaliešu valoda) and Old Latgalian (Latgaļu valoda) are not the same. 2. Both Latvian and Latgalian are equal descendants of Old Latgalian-Latvian developed from the northern dialects, and Latgalian from the southern dialects. 3. Yet another translation error: Old Latgalians most likely didn’t even call themselves “Latgalians,” because Latgale literally means “End of Lats.” Nations that had early contact with the Old Latgalians referred to them differently (e.g., Germans called them Lette, Estonians called them Lät-lane, and Russians called them Lat-ysh). In Latvian, we refer to the Old Latgalians as both Letts and Latgals. 4. As modern Latgalians, we call ourselves that simply because we are Latvians from Latgale. 5. Apart from the more archaic pronunciation, I don’t see anything else that could be considered more archaic than Latvian. Especially when you consider that Latgalian grammatical cases and suffix systems are very simplified. Much of the vocabulary has been lost, and new words have been created, making it distinct from both Latvian and Lithuanian. 6. Your way of thinking is exactly why Latgalian cannot be spoken in governmental settings in Latvia, as it’s labeled a “historical language.” Examples: 1. Masculine suffixes: LT: (-as), (-is), (-ys), (-us), (-uo) LV: (-s), (-is), (-us), (-š) LG: (-s), (-š) 2. Feminine suffixes: LT: (-a), (-ė), (-i), (-uo) LV: (-a), (-e) LG: (-a), (-æ) 3. Simple vocabulary: LT: Šluota, Vīras, Medus, Tėvas, Siena, Galva, Lietus, Koja. LV: Sluota, Vīrs, Medus, Tēvs, Siena, Galva, Lietus, Kāja. (Only Latvian has preserved the historical “Ā.”) LG: Slūta, Veirs, Mads, Tāvs, Sīna, Golva, Leits, Kuoja. PS - An example of Latgalian innovations could be phenomena similar to “vowel harmony” found in Finnic languages. Vowels change after changing the word structure: LV - Labs (adj.) Labi (adv.) LG - Lobs (adj.) Labi (adv.) LV - Dēls (noun) Dēliņš (dimunitive) LG - Dāls (noun) Dieleņš (diminutive)

[@Davlavi]

Love less known languages.

[@ICXCTSARSLAVY]

The symbols at the bottom make me consider the historical connection between India and the Baltics via the Silk Road. Thus, the connection with Sanskrit and these languages.

[@szymonlechdzieciol]

OK sorry to all for whom it's matter of identity - but those my friend are two dialects of one language. There was like two different words, and phonetic differences were very slight. If those are two different languages then Polish regional dialects should count as 50 different languages.

[@Omnatten9]

Nice video! But where did you get the information about just 1,2 million naitve speakers of Latvian? I'm pretty sure it's 1,5 million worldwide

[@vitalijsbejnarowicz8995]

In Latgalian some words need to be pronounced a little slower and the pauses between words a little longer, it is very easy to recognize the AI ​​speaker. Latvian sounds more natural, good voice acting.

[@VijayachandramouliChandramouli]

Plssssss......... Make an another separated videos of proto indo European and proto indo iranian languages plssssssss............ 😢😢😢😢😢😢😢😢😭😭😭😭😭😭😭🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@vezziGD]

lātviešu valoda

[@Владимир-т8к2й]

Dialekt

[@doncseczakosantal7920]

@@Владимир-т8к2й jezik

[@priyanthisandarath1365]

​@@doncseczakosantal7920i think latgalian need some few changes to be grow as independent language

[@szymonlechdzieciol]

@@priyanthisandarath1365 Ironically Curonian-Zemlan mixture that united into Latvians used Latgalians are main focus of new national over-tribal language. But then they differed on basic of religion and politics so Latgalians kinda kept own identity (though even name Latvia is made from their name). I'm not sure how Curonian sounded, but modern Latvian is basically Latgalian first and foremost.

[@PaoloCavestro-ey9bb]

Judging from this bits and Pieces of Latvian and Latgallian,these two languages don't seem much different between them...maybe except for the prononciation of some words...

[@szymonlechdzieciol]

Yeah let's be honest, they are dialect of one language - North-East Baltic. That's probably because independence founders used Latgalian tribal language as biggest in territory as main over Curonian or Zemgalian, but then Latgalians being Catholics clashed with Lutheran neighbours and kinda ditched Latvian united nationality project. And West Latvians stayed with language more Latgalian than of their own ancestors.