Basal Ganglia | Neuroanatomy | Part 1/3

Basal Ganglia | Neuroanatomy | Part 1/3
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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
(0:00-3:43)
Basal Ganglia; masses of Gray Mater at the base of cerebral hemispheres.
Basic anatomy, location of Thalami.
(3:45-5:45)
C-shaped mass of Gray Mater: Caudate Nucleus.
(5:55-7:25)
Lentiform nuclei at lateral sides of Caudate Nucleus.
Structure of Caudate Nuclei in relation to Lentiform Nuclei.
(7:27-11:25)
Fibers of Internal Capsule passing through the C-shaped gap of Caudate nucleus.
Explanation of Internal Capsule in relation to external capsule; Internal Capsule being like white matter compressed in between gray mater nuclei.
Gray Lentiform (Lens like) nucleus present in/surrounded by sort of a "white capsule"; hence the division of Internal and External Capsule.
(11:28-12:40)
Moving further laterally (from external capsule): Claustrum, Extreme Capsule.
(12:47-15:40)
Insula is gray mater, lateral to Claustrum.
Lentiform Nucleus consists of Putamen laterally and Globus Pallidus medially.
(15:45-17:56)
Subthalamus, under thalamus.
Midbrain: Cerebral Aqueduct, Superior and inferior colliculi.
Substantia Nigra (SN); Posterior part is very densely packed gray mater known as SN pars compacta. Anterior part of SN is less densely packed and is called SN pars reticularis.
(17:60-19:00)
Amygdala, masses of gray mater posterior to lentiform nuclei.
(19:00-21:30)
Basal Ganglia classification: Traditional Basal Ganglia & Clinical Basal Ganglia.
(21:33-23:40)
Clinical classification of Basal Ganglia: Lentiform nuclei + Caudate Nuclei + Subthalami + Substantia Nigra.
(23:41-27:38)
Traditional Classification in detail: Globus Pallidus external & internal: Corpus Striatum = Caudate + Putamen + Globus Pallidus.
Neo Striatum = Caudate + Putamen. Paleo Striatum = Globus Pallidus.
(27:40-29:00)
Traditional Classification continued: Lentiform nucleus = Putamen + Globus Pallidus. Summary of traditional classification.
(29:01-37:09)
Important connections of Basal Ganglia, functionally: Corticospinal fibers & Corticonuclear fibers; Both (Upper Motor Neurons).
Upper Motor Neuron to Lower Motor Neuron to Motor nerves/Effector organs.
Motor "plans" are stored in Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum; Basal Ganglia to Thalami and back to cortex; a loop.
(37:10-41:23)
Motor Cortex: Primary Motor Area + Premotor Area + Supplementary Motor Area.
Motor Cortex is also functionally associated with Primary Somatosensory Area.
Initiation of idea/message: Prefrontal cortex to Pre- and Supplementary motor areas to Basal Ganglia, Fine tuning/modifications in BG and then through Thalamus the information goes back to cortex.
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