Beautiful 3-D Brain Scans Show Every Synapse | National Geographic

[@alexandramcwilliams1241]

This made me tear up. It's just such a miracle and beautiful thing that we even exist the way that we do.

[@lunachickfringe5319]

Why would anyone give this a thumbs down? Fifty viewers who just couldn't grasp the idea? This is amazing and so incredible to me. Never quit learning.

[@polymathpark]

people that didn't get hired by Nat Geo most likely

[@Delta-Frost89]

My brain wants to learn more about itself 🧠

[@darkknight2407]

you want to learn about your brain ! Real problem with science is it's very materialistic !

[@jasonstauffert5559]

Exactly lol.

[@williamjayaraj2244]

A beautiful brain that creates a beautiful mind and yet it's function is beyond human understanding.

[@Renu4UTube]

William Jayaraj I love that! I'm stealing that! 😊

[@beepbeep1836]

So incredibly beautiful. Going to watch this with our school’s neuroscience club today!!!

[@refink33]

I love Science

[@Tonywirthfilms]

jajaaahahahaa

[@OurNewestMember]

No. I f-cking love science.

[@Cheretruck_]

Loving science is like cargo cult. Real science supporters don't praise this, they spend money and time for it + selfeducates.

[@stunter_pt7506]

Then u are in the wrong clip bruh... anotomy is way cooler

[@VtecSam]

I want more!!

[@pennybrewer4723]

beautiful on all levels. thank you.

[@Smashdreamm2]

This is the coolest thing I've watched on YT. Thanks for posting this video!

[@WheatBrewski]

That was so incredibly fascinating.

[@yoursoulisforever]

Excellent video. National geo, doing what they do best.

[@farmvillepolice]

You gotta see the wires at 1:08 seeing a brain like that blew my mind

[@ThePrayerful]

Fascinating information. I looked up these kinds of videos because I've suffered from migraines a very long time and just wanted to know something about how the brain works. I've had the privilege of working in the medical field and was able to s/w some neurologist of geneticist regarding alzhiemers since my grandmother and 4 of her siblings succumbed to it. Thank you for sharing this information.

[@unknown-bx4xn]

Watching a video about the brain makes me want to develop more empathy.

[@InquisitorShepard]

thats a whole lot better than the videos about the sasquach and other fiction things that ocasionally pop up on NG

[@dianabarclay5644]

Bigfoot is real

[@MustafaCihatCandan]

Beautiful !

[@Wormaster]

3:54 dude just rocked my world

[@mustafacaglarr]

hey, good research man thanks from Turkey

[@masaabsalh3114]

It has been linked to intelligence: ApoE gene: thought to play a role in memory and learning. BDNF gene: Thought to play a role in brain development and cognitive functions. COMT gene: thought to play a role in information processing.

[@fotiniantonis3542]

I am glad to find this video and have subscribed , I do art and want to capture the neurons of our brain , I find it so interesting but also it's so hard to draw , due to my foggy brain activity from fibromyalgia , I hope by watching your videos I can accomplish my dream . thanks for sharing National Geographic has always been my favorite teacher about nature and so many lessons to learn at my age of seventy three ,wish me luck thank you I appreciate you Jeff Lichtman !!!

[@신호준-r9n]

Neuro-science is indeed remarkable field.

[@ingming]

At 2'40", it was stated "For a mm-depth, you get about 32,000 sections." That means each section is bout 30 nm thick. Is it possible?

[@clangclangclangchomp]

Yes. Embedded in hard resin, brain tissue can be cut at 30 nm using an ultramicrotome (Leica UC6 in this case)

[@png8175]

Science is awesome

[@elenikouki2352]

wow, just wow!

[@wenlongwang3992]

Gorgeous

[@masaabsalh3114]

There are a few theories about how this chip or chip works: Stimulating specific areas of the brain: The chip may be used to stimulate specific areas of the brain associated with aging, such as the hypothalamus. Hormone control: The chip may be used to control the secretion of hormones that play a role in aging, such as growth hormone. Repair damage at the cellular level: The chip may be used to repair damage at the cellular level, which is a major factor in aging.

[@domcarter2327]

Beautiful film

[@frizstyler]

at last a proper video

[@NotGodsCreation2]

Brains... probably the most complex things in the known Universe

[@GamingTard]

yeah and time

[@devinthompson2528]

The very notion that we are more evolved than chimpanzees is a bit of a misnomer, because chimps have evolved since our evolutionary divergence in a completely different direction so notions of “more advanced” are not based on place in time but rather on a more subtle set of adaptations. This may sound arbitrary, but I believe that it unearths the fact that evolution is not a path towards intellectual enlightenment but rather a more economic survival system. This means that if we evolved by 4% that might not make us smarter, it might just lower our blood pressure, alter hormonal levels. In short, evolution converges with a trend in increased intellect, but not via any sort of linear path.

[@edvolve]

What's the name of that process--cutting thin slices and then following the stop motion video? Super creative way to go about the complicated process of discovering the wiring of the brain.

[@mmmk1616]

Cool, thanks Tim! :)

[@updatingresearch]

Is it possible to get permission to use a snippet of this video for a neuroscience oriented video?

[@phillipnorman7423]

Wow

[@OttoFazzl]

Amazing!

[@marcosPRATA918]

Brilhante pesquisa.

[@truthseeker5496]

"I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well." Psalm 139:14

[@CharlieTaylorthoughts]

Well said - the fine structure of the brain is certainly one of the most amazing and wonderfully made things that exist.

[@Eric.Morrison]

In How To Create A Mind, Ray Kurzweil suggests that knowing the individual connections is not as important as simulating the brain's actual functions (pattern recognizers). It would be like trying to see how an Intel Quad core processor works by looking at all the transistor gates. You'll get some neat pictures, but no real insight on how the chip works.

[@TheMyCoats]

true, but knowing what each specific nerve is used for cant hurt either can it? someone had to create that Intel processor, if we want to create a human brain (which im not for, btw) we need to learn how to construct it first, then maybe we can try to assemble it

[@brostepisthebest]

But it is NOT like that because it is a brain.

[@Mortison77577]

+brostepisthebest But we still can't figure out how the brain works by looking at the patterns of connections in the human brain.

[@edvolve]

+Eric Morrison True... to some degree. That is why there are entire projects devoted to that line of inquiry--Blue Brain Project is one I'm aware of. They are putting all their chips in on the train of thought you put forward. I suspect that both will be needed. Let's not forget that we know even less about the importance of the internal chemical makeup of the neurons. Many are only focused on the physical structure and interconnectedness but there are many other facets that might be highly influential if not fundamental to function.

[@kaktotak8267]

Depends on what you want to achieve. If you want to build an AI, I guess that's not the most efficient way to do it. If you want to understand how a human brain works, e.g. to be able to treat some disorders, than this might be the best way we have. Depending on what units the evolutionary forces act upon in the brain, there might not be any resemblance of the general plan (like in the case of Intel chips), and you'll have to go from individual connections up.

[@SuperGiuseppeG]

Doing a good job thanks

[@onesendzeroes4800]

i saw this while on acid, and the next day found this article

[@EDUARDO12348]

+Maitrī xp are you planning to go into research so that you can contribute from what you experienced?....u should

[@jypsipixie]

cool! it is pretty trippy aye

[@williamlee7119]

can the brain "see" itself?

[@hamedah54]

William Lee I’m sorry

[@chin-pangfung7782]

I wonder which 3-d software can rending the image, or where can i get the detail protocal and material? thx

[@caramelwoodpecker460]

yes please

[@clangclangclangchomp]

Rendered in Autodesk 3dsMax. Protocol see the Cell paper: www.cell.com/cell/pdfExtended/S0092-8674(15)00824-7

[@h0lyrs422]

A Herculean effort. Amazing.

[@saschavbt]

Who are the researchers?!

[@eagletsnupper7876]

Can I just get a 10 hour version of 3:30 without the NG logo?

[@marymedinas1111]

He talks sooooo softly

[@caramelwoodpecker460]

Would you please be able to make the mesh freely available?

[@clangclangclangchomp]

Models - software.rc.fas.harvard.edu/lichtman/vast/ , scroll down, last link.

[@aTruster]

I wonder how they are differentiating between thoughts and intents...between thoughts that become actions and thoughts that die instead of transmitting commands.

[@michelechaussabel732]

It’s not about how the synapses communicate, but what they communicate. Where are the words and pictures that make up thoughts?

[@neurosync_research]

7 years later, where is this project now?

[@saboor_1]

🧠🤯

[@perthuser75]

I'm fascinated to know why one person is evil & another is good. Doing a medical admin course at my local college has peaked my curiosity into what makes us humans tick.

[@RadiologyTrader]

piqued* Just saying.

[@agentmysterian1461]

i know this comment is 7 years old but in my understanding a lot of it has to do with the redirection of prime instinct. When we grow up we will inevitably form defenses against certain instinctive drives when they cannot be realized at a particular time in the world. Ideally, with time, the brain will self regulate and will find a good way to meet the instinctive demands in the real world without heavily repressing or redirecting them (in essence disposing or at least updating the repressing defense mechanisms). When this doesn't happen because the upbringing was too problematic and the environment doesn't allow positive change, the frustration of instinct may lead them to become more and more perverted, as the defense mechanisms will do everything they can to survive. Perverted and frustrated instincts may lead to hate, emotional numbness, depression (maybe even an unconscious activation of the death drive as a result of the frustration of all the other instincts) and will cause people to be more easily manipulated by certain toxic ideas or ideologies.

[@therealpyromaniac4515]

The connectome

[@h20no63]

Got to have the wiring diagram , then you can jump out wires as needed . Or pull the fuse and make the repair . The brain seems to have parallels to electrical troubleshooting

[@eltessy]

This is amazing! Imaging when they will be able to scan (microscopy) inside a living nerve cells!!! I whish I'll be young again!!!

[@jatigre1]

I hope scientists realize soon that that's not an electric circuit. There are no conductors and insulation for this model to occur. Whatever signal being processed is more subtle. We need to research the Aether.

[@reco117]

3:11 Warpdrive? huh, maybe the brain already found the loop hole. Kudos

[@slemtem520]

I need to know the artist who made that background music, does anyone know?

[@brianwagar4512]

They said, we know everything.

[@JuanHernandez-ii8fc]

dont hate

[@evilwarcow]

Appreciate.

[@AL-rv3jz]

Our quest to understand what we all known as existence.

[@Petardozord]

That's initial plot of Soma.

[@tamiresvilhenaBSE]

1 mile =~1,6 km/ 3 inches =~7,6 cm

[@rockysinai4305]

1:51 Wow! the brightest people, doing human brain research. To my embarrassment, first I thought they were the patients on which research was being done. Maybe I have become accustomed to actors/politicians on TV and was too quick to assume they are all patients. My apologies.

[@kwastormayt]

what if there's nothing to see but to hear

[@planetbintang]

Loox like Michael Pollock's painting

[@TheCreatorofexistence.A]

"This video has a visual representation of how i have described That The FORMULA FOR ALLKNOWING functions" The Creator of existence

[@7ren10]

Don't you dare say long road, It should be shortened by young and smart next generation that is already been working on it Solve it quickly, and make a freaking cure next month or year, Come on 2020!

[@veronicaarchaga8306]

We do the same thing with acupuncture and trigger points this are wire

[@kenciolek843]

It's an integrated message system just like Bible says

[@briangman3]

man that is complicated.

[@aniekanumoren6088]

Kurzgesagt sent me

[@miro.s]

Why is it so sleepy?

[@williamjames3995]

Can you tell me, who is the head-scientist?

[@clangclangclangchomp]

Jeff Lichtman

[@williamjames3995]

thank you very much

[@tommypresley6598]

Jew

[@theconscienceofyou]

I thought we've only covered 5.08cm (2inches), but hey, your conjecture is as good as any.

[@Mortison77577]

But we do know what brains are made up of at the finest level. We don't know much at the middle levels.

[@soearkarhtet2122]

Now it should be 6 inches, right? ??

[@katier1339]

Where my ahs school peeps at?

[@skisail]

Awesome! Too bad KZbin compression made the 3D animation so horrible...

[@KinseySwartz]

Do you watch it at 1080p?

[@skisail]

yes but there's too much details in the animation and the compression makes it all pixelated. Maybe it's only my old computer too lol.

[@blancaguerra7982]

Escuchar en español

[@васяпупкин-ю7э]

ходьба по лаборатории и ляляля - замечательное видео

[@nelg2]

National Geographic The bundle seems to cover only one axon, and the scientists mention one millimeter. How is this showing "every synapse"?

[@clangclangclangchomp]

The cylinder is placed around a single spiny dendrite (red), and its volume is about 675 cubic microns (way smaller than a cubic millimeter). Many axons (and many other dendrites) also enter the cylinder. Inside they make around 800 synapses between each other. We could label all synapses in the electron-microscopic image stack and then extract a 'connectivity matrix' of connections between axons and dendrites within the cylinder. However for the most part we don't know where the cell bodies are from which the axons and dendrites originate (with exceptions, for example we know it for the central red dendrite, as you can see around 1:20), and we don't know what other synapses they make outside the cylinder, so this analysis of connectivity is currently only a very local one.

[@Morenob1]

Life is free will wherever our will goes is where our brains go and connect to one another, some call it the soul, if we die that conscience will live on detached from our bodies. Free will is a gift from God he revers him as I Am who I am, the beginning and the end, he also refers himself as I Am your Savior. We are free to choose God's nature or not God is Love and whoever stays to him will stay to him and whoever chooses not to will be detached from him which is Love without love there is only Hate jealousy pain suffering I'd advice people to choose for God!

[@commandvideo]

what if we make a brain with just an eye ?!

[@izarvergamse2331]

+star_light what??? :-/..

[@thbuk]

So they have the source code but they have no idea how to decode it? What they have decoded is but a drop in the ocean?

[@zapman021]

4th

[@quixoticat7658]

whoose here from wait but why??

[@dampandrew]

SOMEONE

[@lucyoriginales]

Lol. Imagine if you as brain per task plus brain of some odd people who have accomplished he unexpected. Like reconfiguring their facial structure of so

[@Mortison77577]

Don't schizophrenics have less tissue in the cerebral cortex and autistics have differences in their cerebellums?

[@markae0]

The brain differences are from the drugs/"medications". Dr Nancy C. Andreasen announced this in the NewYorkTies SEPT. 15, 2008 "Using Imaging to Look at Changes in the Brain"

[@OurNewestMember]

Could you imagine if the whole internet was like this????? Me neither. Back to cat vids.

[@SkeezyFPV]

2nd

[@MaxLohMusic]

Wait what? With 1mm slices they are able to map all the synapses but with 20-micron slices of the human brain they can't? Are mouse synapses thousands of times bigger than in humans or something? Makes no sense.

[@btcvega5573]

No, 33000 slices from tissue 1mm thick.

[@MaxLohMusic]

Vega Lotsatoshis Wow. That translates to 30 nanometers. In that case, why didn't the extremely recently human brain project use this technology? They were only able to scan a resolution of 20,000 nanometers rather than 30 nanometers. io9.com/see-the-first-ultra-high-resolution-3d-scan-of-the-ent-514395280

[@metcas]

+Max Loh First of all, that article is almost a year behind this video. Technology grows exponentially. Secondly, mouse brains are far smaller than human brains.

[@Mortison77577]

+Metcaslix But why can't something that slices thin slices be applied to a human brain the same way? Can't a very thin slice of human brain just be delicately slid into some nice warm fluid?

[@g-wm6392]

dude those are mice imagine if they were Eisenstein's

[@danicahorvat4602]

treća

[@AndyPayne42]

"the real world is more complicated than the way I'm thinking about it" I disagree, think about how newton simplified all the motions of heavenly objects to f=ma, or einsteins mass-energy relationship e=mc^2

[@Stacy55ish]

Talking about the brain.

[@AndyPayne42]

Stacy55ish Me too! I have a background in neuroscience research.

[@CharlieTaylorthoughts]

I would humbly submit that the brain is much more complex than Newton or Einstein could conceive.

[@TheCreatorofexistence.A]

Those analogy of Shores algorithm colors of Thermodynamic spectra in These brain images are analogy's of ("sextillion Dementional"):^~=("ATTOsecond entropy") From a Headmasters centrifugal Gravitational shperical ampification expansion of existence observation's standardized perspective's Awarenesstitions

[@HenryWinehard]

(Hans Asperger)

[@earldavis4866]

"the real world is more complicated than the way I'm thinking about it" I would humbly suggest that your thinking of all the connections according to a simplistic computational 'wiring' paradigm may be inappropriate to grasp the bio-psycho-dynamic complexities that you hope to comprehend....

[@archemedianviktor1314]

You try to break people to convince everybody that they're the same so that you can psychologically trick them into thinking in the herd mentality which causes them to forget that they may be the one of the herd that gets taken out and you're trying to do this and then you try to convince them that you think you knowv you have to keep changing in adjusting it which means you didn't know things have to be adjusted mine doesn't because the way that it's whatever attic if you want to use oh and you affecting the actual our speech to text because you're still trying to hide behind everything which suggests that you actually are basically trying to do the structure into any federal or republic system and obviously no other form of governance has worked so farso you can't develop any system at all because people are the same but you can't think of a fair way to resolve the matter besides holding everybody to their standard so you're trying to now hold a Secret court where you are going to try to hide all of this because you failed and you can't manage on whatever bullshit system that you've tried to develop which is to try to make everybody the same so you failed you lost now the only justification you can you you have a gun so everyone has to do what you say which also is not really effective or efficient so you lose everything you failed you're at a last resort which is to resort to trying to hold a secret court and to try to murder and that's not effective or efficient so you basically lose everything and there's nothing you can do about it. People are not the same which is a correction from the statement above which just goes to show show that you actually are still trying to manipulate the shit and you don't understand that you're losing.

[@budbundy8028]

Voted 'Longest Run-on Sentence of the Year'.

[@eagletsnupper7876]

Sir this is Wendy's

[@pavel5515]

No real information value

[@rbolo29]

WE are only an infinitely small fraction of GOD; so of course we aren't as smart as he is.

[@snacklish3795]

You're comparing us humans to God? Lol? Go see a psychiatrist now! God created every single cell in detail, let alone the galaxies, stars, oceans, deserts, planets and what's in their core and yet you're comparing God to humans? Wow No wonder is humans are so stupid