Could giant gravitational machines be the secret to true interstellar travel? This video is made in paid partnership with EA. Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order is available now on Xbox One, PS4, and PC: bit.ly/35rHnel
Пікірлер: 3 000
@becausescience4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for watching, Super Nerds! *CORRECTION* the "R" in the equations that I used is the radius of the *orbit* and not the stars themselves. I got this wrong and misread the paper. Sorry for any confusion. The velocity numbers are still correct. Thanks for keeping me honest. -- kH
@ryangaming24024 жыл бұрын
The movie Interstellar used a black hole for a slinghot im not too smart but I want to know how fast would it be.
@edullfranz4 жыл бұрын
so... could you, good sir, tell me the song of the "pop quiz" hahhaha. Good show, btw :)
@juang.73094 жыл бұрын
But what about space debris?
@kukivave4 жыл бұрын
You forgot a few more hazards, even if these binary dwarf stars, or binary neutron stars could be engineered.... you have an orbital slingshot trajectory which generates an accelerating force that would smoosh anyone on the ship into a fine paste... not to mention that the oscillating forces radiating out from both stars would rip the ship apart long before you got within the expected 20km of the star (your exit velocity is about 81,000,000 m/s, if your start velocity is 0, and the orbital radius is 20KM, the entire slingshot is going to take a thousandth of a second, which means your acceleration is going to be close to the whole 81 million G's, or technically enough to turn you, and your ship into a fine paste... If you want to take advantage of this kind of slingshot and not get smooshed into paste, you'd need to have a much much much larger orbital, perhaps using binary super giant's (or a Neutron star in orbit of a binary super giant) instead so as to ramp up the acceleration.
@kukivave4 жыл бұрын
@@ryangaming2402 You cannot calculate this based on the information provided by the movie, but the star system (grangantua) contains the black hole and an orbiting neutron star, so depending on that stars mass, they could pull off an acceleration maneuver because the Netutron star would be pulling on the Black hole (or vice versa), also there is a main sequence star less than a light year away which could technically allow some acceleration (again depending of masses and vectors we were not given). On a technical level you can sling shot around our sun, utilizing it's orbital around the galactic core to give you the boost. it all depends on the stellar body's orbital around another significant stellar body.
@orobs97804 жыл бұрын
"We did it, we are traveling at 0.27c!!" "Awesome! So... How do we brake?"
@runefaustblack4 жыл бұрын
If you don't want to be obliterated in a second, you don't. You use small opposite thrusters to reduce your speed over a looooong period of time.
@storyspren4 жыл бұрын
A second binary neutron star system where you do the reverse maneuver. We remembered to set that up, right?
@AryadiSubagio4 жыл бұрын
I believe you're already break at acceleration. Oh, you said brake?
@thenasadude68784 жыл бұрын
You'll need to bring your own set of neutron stars
@Nathan_Talisien4 жыл бұрын
This sounds like a quote from a goblin in Magic, lol... Goblin Balloon Brigade. "From up here, we can throw rocks an' sticks an' fire on 'em!" "Uh, yeah, boss... But how do we get down?"
@royadambrown31014 жыл бұрын
This is just Kyle explaining how he could get home.
@ZielAmerak4 жыл бұрын
or how he got here.
@tusharanand63014 жыл бұрын
Better than him explaining how to make a computer in a magic the gathering game
@PashaGamingYT4 жыл бұрын
HMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
@leedrage55142 жыл бұрын
I miss Kyle 😭
@roystondaniel2849 Жыл бұрын
@@tusharanand6301 hmm?
@yuricahere4 жыл бұрын
Between the Dyson Sphere, Dyson Swarm and the Dyson Slingshot, Im starting to think Dyson is actually a time traveler from the future and he's giving us hints on how to leave Earth.
@Techno_Idioto4 жыл бұрын
Penrose Sphere: When Stars aren't enough, and you *really* want to build something around a Black Hole.
@Glathgrundel Жыл бұрын
And he really knows how to make vacuum cleaners.
@mihailmilev9909 Жыл бұрын
Lol
@mihailmilev9909 Жыл бұрын
@@Techno_Idioto like a kugelblitz?
@coffzor12310 ай бұрын
@@Glathgrundel Lmao, underrated comment 😂 He's an expert when it comes to vacuums ;)
@zangeh4 жыл бұрын
"it's quite empowering" *Begins to doubt my 4 years of college education when my numbers just don't match up*
@JontyLevine4 жыл бұрын
MacGamer Media I used the same numbers and got 14% of the speed of light. Not 25. And then there's the fact that you're not actually orbiting at the neutron star's surface, so the actual radius would be higher, which Because Science already addressed in the comments.
@listlessviewer1534 жыл бұрын
I was always off by a factor of 2. Not sure why 🤷
@manuelwie3 жыл бұрын
@@listlessviewer153 Well, you should have just let Carter do the maths for you? :)
@Nibsipipsi2 жыл бұрын
@@listlessviewer153 you calculated V. The question is, what is 2V? A gravitational slingshot adds up to twice the orbital velocity.
@kheldarath Жыл бұрын
i failed the maths so badly. first one i got like 0.4 the speed of light, second one i got like 14 times the speed of light. So i've missed a step somewhere. I'm a dumbass
@kyleward39144 жыл бұрын
Your ship was basically named "Velociraptor," since "raptor" means "thief."
@Kharazim4 жыл бұрын
Raptor means Bird of Prey, but the orignal latin Raptores means "Plunderer". Furtum in latin means thief.
@kyleward39144 жыл бұрын
@@Kharazim Huh...I always heard velociraptor translated as "speedy thief." I stand corrected.
@osmo23844 жыл бұрын
genius
@aajeev4 жыл бұрын
Wow. THAT is a good one.
@JROwensPhotos4 жыл бұрын
@@kyleward3914 Ferrets are the ones with the thiefy name. 'Ferret' itself comes from Latin 'furittus', diminutive of 'fur' or 'furs', 'thief', so it means 'little thief'. And their not-quite-binomial name is Mustela putorius furo, 'thiefy stinking weasel'. Semantically, though, I'd say 'plunderer' is close enough to 'thief' that your 'Velociraptor' ship name is totally justified.
@umbrascitor20794 жыл бұрын
"Velocity Thief" = Velociraptor There goes the Starship Velociraptor, slashing through the cosmos.
@josephlipari014 жыл бұрын
Beat me to it.
@apparently24 жыл бұрын
They hunt in packs.
@goldenboss39034 жыл бұрын
I bet Kyle doesn’t actually print the paper every time he references one. he actually just uses the same piece of folded paper every single time
@NarwahlGaming4 жыл бұрын
Reduce, reuse, recycle!
@n3v3rg01ngback4 жыл бұрын
golden boss I look at academic literature on big comfy screens. He probably does as well.
@NarwahlGaming4 жыл бұрын
@@n3v3rg01ngback WITCHCRAFT!
@ScienceAsylum4 жыл бұрын
Hey Kyle, this might be nitpicky... but as someone who did their masters thesis on white dwarfs, I just can't let it go. At 9:05, you use 1 solar mass in your calculation for a neutron star when the minimum mass for a neutron star is 1.4 solar masses. Anything less and it's a white dwarf. Also, a radius of 20 km is a little big. A 1.4 solar mass neutron star would have a _diameter_ of 20 km and a _radius_ of 10 km (I think you made the same mistake with the white dwarf radius). As the neutron star gains mass, its diameter will actually _shrink,_ so a radius of 10 km is the _maximum_ for a neutron star. The minimum would be about 8.9 km at 3 solar masses when an event horizon forms and it becomes a black hole. If you've found some way to compress matter into a neutron star with a smaller mass and you're not sharing it with the world, this just confirms your supervillain status.
@Curts_videocassette3 жыл бұрын
Good use of your master thesis on white dwarfs :)
@nightraithz73223 жыл бұрын
Judging by your numbers that would equal roughly 37.4% of the speed of light/403641000km/h?
@nosuchthing8 Жыл бұрын
Quick question, I assume this Uber sling shot would not impart any forces on the ship because it's in free fall.
@ChemEDan Жыл бұрын
@@nosuchthing8 Tidal forces would be high - different gravity at your feet than your head which is enough to rip you apart
@nosuchthing8 Жыл бұрын
@@ChemEDan yeah, you got me there. Maybe that's why he focused on white dwarfs and not black holes. The spaghettificatiin should be lower. I always assume we will send software avatars to the stars. It's easier than flesh and blood bodies. And potentially far more durable.
@Apersonl0l4 жыл бұрын
“Ok lets go!!!” _Rips ship apart as we’re passing the stars_
@AsbestosMuffins4 жыл бұрын
I remember a ST: voyager episode where there was a pair of pulsars that janeway was crazy enough to fly between
@Daniel-rd6st4 жыл бұрын
That was my first thought too. The forces involved would probably rip any ship apart. It would most certainly rip any human on board apart.
@PashaGamingYT4 жыл бұрын
That could be a slight problem.
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
@@Daniel-rd6st I'm not so sure. Which forces? The only detrimental forces I can think of are tidal forces from being too close to one neutron star. If you stay far enough away to avoid getting spagettified, I think you're actually completely fine.
@Daniel-rd6st4 жыл бұрын
@@Yora21 The acceleration you would have to go through to get that fast in such a short amount of time. Though to be honest, i havent done the math how strong it really would be at its highest point.
@Felipe-hl6nh4 жыл бұрын
"The correct answer is c" me: Wait, that's not poss - oooh, option C
@deltablaze774 жыл бұрын
I was listening from the other room and thought the same thing, was like "WTF!?"
@Cha-Khia4 жыл бұрын
I didn't even need to do math because Kyle is such a cheeky bugger.
@NS-xo6qe4 жыл бұрын
NEEERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRD Very cool.
@princevegeta66794 жыл бұрын
It's option "c" the c is lower case.
@Narblo4 жыл бұрын
Wait...that's illegal
@elitirit90824 жыл бұрын
When he shouted "Pop Quiz" my heart rate raced and I got flashbacks, what have u done lol
@jackielinde75684 жыл бұрын
8:30 - Kyle: "If these assist want even more mass and more velocity, why don't we use the densest objects in the universe?" Because it's still considered amoral to eject politicians into space, Kyle. I know we all dream of the day we can put our politicians to some good use, but we still have to operate within ethical and moral boundaries. Also, I'm pretty sure the people in the Alpha Centauri system frown on littering as well. We don't want to make our future friends upset, now do we.
@runefaustblack4 жыл бұрын
You are awesome.
@MatthewBaron4 жыл бұрын
Immoral. Amoral means lacking morality. Immoral means not meeting ethical mores.
@notchbeard90074 жыл бұрын
The politicians are like the wolf pup compared to the Alpha Male Adult Wolf that the MSM is. Lets jettison them all, worry about morality later when we are in a better world.
@DoctorT1444 жыл бұрын
well fucking played LMAO
@ZielAmerak4 жыл бұрын
the people of Alpha Centauri will be like, Why do you still have politicians? we threw them to space eons ago
@Sonicgott4 жыл бұрын
“This little maneuver is gonna cost us 51 years!”
@derrenmarcusturner4084 жыл бұрын
Would you rather 1700?? 🤣 This is for the species as a whole, not so you can see cool things(ok... maybe a little of both lol)
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
I think with a neutron star, time dilation wouldn't make meaningful difference. If your ship survives the tidal forces, you probably would just lose a few seconds.
@Simba4364 жыл бұрын
"You don`t look so bad for 120"
@jeremychen57774 жыл бұрын
ahh a shame, idk if they get the reference
@user-uq4gr5nl5o4 жыл бұрын
@@Simba436 "We agreed, 90%"
@Original_Syn4 жыл бұрын
“Neutron Pressure” sounds like the name of a punk band
@oliverdittrich21404 жыл бұрын
Would listen to them 100%
@liam15584 жыл бұрын
Interstellar Operation also sounds like a band.
@matthewcox79854 жыл бұрын
For a heavy metal band, *Actinide Series*
@TheLytable4 жыл бұрын
@@matthewcox7985 Well played. Would their music be rhythmically dense?
@PHNX-ls5bt4 жыл бұрын
absolutely love interstellar travel theories, just makes me incredibly sad that I'll never see it in my lifetime :(
@osmo23844 жыл бұрын
You know that existence is terrible when even space-time has depression.
@MatthewBaron4 жыл бұрын
Well obviously existence is suffering. Which is why non-existence is the ultimate goal if one is to be free from suffering.
@DeadMarine19804 жыл бұрын
@@MatthewBaron but I like to suffer. Non Existence is agonizing. Before and after.
@daniilmorillo53264 жыл бұрын
😂
@erbgorre4 жыл бұрын
@@MatthewBaron im mr meeseeks, look at me! existence is pain..
@grimcatnip4 жыл бұрын
This made my day xD!!!!
@dustineiland46064 жыл бұрын
"POP QUIZ!" *heart sinks suddenly as years of pop quizes suddemly resurface.*
@andrewdougherty81904 жыл бұрын
Sure Kyle not a “villain” when you name of the ship is Velocity Thief. Not to mention you trademarked it. We’re watching you Voidmancer
@ViviDimension4 жыл бұрын
I propose the name "Velarceny" for your second ship.
@NarwahlGaming4 жыл бұрын
He'd have a captain's yacht called the 'Velooter'. ....cuz it's like 'scooter'...
@graylinshowell70514 жыл бұрын
Velocity Thief? This feels like a missed opportunity to use Velocirobber.
@MaiiOrduna4 жыл бұрын
Or Veloci"raptor" hehe
@GenJuhru4 жыл бұрын
Really not Veloci-Thief
@gonzalez8juan4 жыл бұрын
Velocirobbor. New band name, called it.
@thenasadude68784 жыл бұрын
Velocity Thief has some 19th century ring to it, could have been the name of some record setting steam locomotive
@theCodyReeder4 жыл бұрын
Great! I’ll just pull a couple Stars out of my back pocket and we’ll be good to go!
@nadekocovska62553 жыл бұрын
Idiot
@nadekocovska62553 жыл бұрын
Dumb
@BaconKFilms3 жыл бұрын
Nade Kocovska this guy is smarter than you’ll ever be lmao don’t trash my boy cody
@darenmiller22183 жыл бұрын
Holy crap never thought I’d see Cody’s lab catch shit from someone. If you happen to read this, your channel is freaking awesome bro!!
@Gamefreak81123 жыл бұрын
I bet you're working on it. Don't doom us all!
@tonechild59294 жыл бұрын
So the neutron highway is going to be more than a thing in the game: Elite Dangerous?
@PhantomXT4 жыл бұрын
Hey, you won’t have to worry about your FSD breaking down!
@Ryan-lk4pu4 жыл бұрын
@@PhantomXT don't forget your AMFU Cmdr o7
@Vashu6274 жыл бұрын
So was this idea the basis of the white dwarf/neutron star boost in ED to begin with? They just changed the mechanics because slingshotting was not something that made sense in the game engine?
@Sevik074 жыл бұрын
@@Vashu627 If i remember correctly it was a bug, they just left it in game and turned it into feature.
@Vevvev84 жыл бұрын
@@Sevik07 I don't think it was a bug because it's a delibretly programmed feature. Fly into the energy coming out of the poles to charge the FSD. This mechanic came in the same update the energy coming out of the poles came out.
@Charmanduhh4 жыл бұрын
Almost feels like the mass relays from Mass Effect.
@roxasthesquiddog4 жыл бұрын
Ikr?
@papaglock65874 жыл бұрын
Kyle : " Let's get technical" Me : gets goosebumps
@En_theo4 жыл бұрын
I'm growing tired of these "he/me: blablala" jokes .
@AvangionQ4 жыл бұрын
The trouble being to reach the nearest neutron star binary in the first place ... 🚀💫
@NicholasJeffery4 жыл бұрын
Kyle: Don't do that! Me: *wants to do that*
@PopeGoliath4 жыл бұрын
"Gravity assists rely on how immovably massive a planet is!" "Now, just move a solar mass into position..." By the time we can move stars, we'll have figured out the propulsion necessary to visit them.
@cookiee8184 жыл бұрын
But the propulsion hardware and fuel could be extremely expensive, so it'd cut down on costs and possibly weight as well once we can move them big boys
@PopeGoliath4 жыл бұрын
@@cookiee818 "Engines and fuel are heavy to move from star to star, so let's move the stars instead."
@walfman1004 жыл бұрын
@@PopeGoliath but when you talk about constant return trips to and from the places that the star system was created travel between it could potentially have exponetiel savings over time, given that the energy required to maintain the system is less than that saved by requiring less energy for the travel itself
@PopeGoliath4 жыл бұрын
@@walfman100 The scale difference between a star and a ship is so, so huge that the inefficiencies here are hard to comprehend. You could move the Seawise Giant, the largest ship ever constructed, ten times a second for the next quadrillion years for the same cost as moving a star once. Nobody needs to front startup costs that disproportionately large for anything, ever. Just move your ships. :)
@adolfodef4 жыл бұрын
The whole point of this is not MAKING them, but merely USING the ones ALREADY INSTALLED all across the galaxy (by unknown advanced precursors). -> And before even that, just "point telescopes" at them to get proof of aliens.
@DoctorT1444 жыл бұрын
One teensy little problem: How do you intend to accelerate to 1/4 of the speed of light in a tiny fraction of a second without turning your entire crew into sloshy soup? Not only that, but even if our spaceship was built out of super future materials with the theoretical maximum possible tensile strength, it would likely still be ripped into atoms by such an insane maneuver. I tried to calculate the number of G's you'd be experiencing, but these numbers horribly broke every relativistic calculator I found online (likely BILLIONS of G's if not TRILLIONS). When talking about relativistic velocities, the problem isn't "how do you speed up that much?" It's "how do you speed up that much without destroying whatever you're trying to transport in the first place?" And that's before we even begin to discuss the problem of "how do you slow down at the end?" Which has no easy answer either with this method of acceleration, unless your destination also happens to have a similar set of ridiculous rotating death balls (meaning you'd probably already visited via much slower means). And trying to slow down that fast would also obliterate you in the same way as the rapid acceleration in the beginning. So you'd be DOUBLE DEMOLISHED. I'm not a scientist, I just spend way too much time on Isaac Arthur's channel. Love the show by the way! Keep up the good work Kyle. :D
@coachnutt614 жыл бұрын
I was just getting ready to post the same thing. I have to be some sort of inertial dampening going on on both ends of the trip! if you have ever watched the TV show The expanse when the guy tries to go through the ring and it stops him but his bones and everything shoot out of his body that's what I envisioned happening except backwards! Lol
@tusharanand63014 жыл бұрын
"It's not the fall that kills you, but the landing." Which translates to slow change in speed isn't harmful but the same change suddenly will kill you. Which also translates to, I agree.
@victorcastillo89004 жыл бұрын
Actually, the gravity from the stars also would also affect the crew. So, in theory, they wouldn't feel any acceleration (unless engines were on). What I think the problem would be is the actual difference in gravity between different point on the ship. Furthest point would experience less gravity than the closest one. This could acutally rip the ship apart.
@FangvsCrow4 жыл бұрын
My understanding of physics is that you wouldn't suffer any ill effects. The inertia wouldn't be a major problem, so far as I'm aware, because you and the ship are already in motion, and while the increase seems incredibly massive, it isn't all that dissimilar from doubling your speed on the ground. The main difference is the numbers. As for slowing down, well, it seems you assume a "slam the brakes" situation, where all the speed is lost in a very short amount of time, and yes, you'd be obliterated by that. But if the deceleration is done over a longer period of time, it isn't a problem.
@victorcastillo89004 жыл бұрын
@@FangvsCrow Not really. It would be similar to falling from a cliff in your car. The gravity from Earth, or a neutron star in this case, would pull you quite fast, but you wouldn't feel any force at all pushing you to your car's ceiling. With the ship is the same, it accelerates as it fall into the gravity well, but the crew doesn't feel any force. And this is why gravity is a big clusterf**k that is barely understood.
@Sneakybeans44 жыл бұрын
Kyle just crushed a star with his bare hands, do we finally have a challenger that could contend against shaggy?
@thenasadude68784 жыл бұрын
"Finally, a worthy opponent!"
@KeysmashGirl4 жыл бұрын
Surely Kyle can do the math on that
@gandalftheantlion4 жыл бұрын
Shaggy wished he could crush a star!
@nathanrcoe11324 жыл бұрын
but if kyle were actually so powerful, how is it that he became trapped in the void in the first place
@gandalftheantlion4 жыл бұрын
Nathan R Coe he was trapped by a thousand wizards in an attempt to control kyle’s great power however their power was barely able to contain him. So they made a deal with the great Kyle to educate us in humorous ways and he liked that. Thus he allowed himself to be trapped in the void, and his power can be contained.
@greenmind34884 жыл бұрын
Id prefer a ship named the "Momentum Marauder" This is my TM
@ZMacZ Жыл бұрын
This only works if the distance is really great. Given you first have to go to the neutron star, if the star you want to go to is closer, then you can actually go there, no need for slingshot. But, if you want to go to another star with slingshot you'd also have to do a gravity assist deceleration. So, if the star you want to travel to is like closer than the two travel to and fro, you might as well go directly. So basically as a rule of thumb, when Δt_direct > Δt_slingshot you'd wanna slingshot, with Δt_direct = distance_direct / speed, and Δt_slingshot = Δt_to + Δt_fro +Δt_travel, where Δ_to = distance_to_slingshot / speed, Δt_fro = distance_decel_dest / speed, and Δt_travel = distance_sling1_sling2 / speed_sling. Yes, not so hard to remember, lol. If the distance is great enough you can definitely shave off a few thousand years from an otherwise 50 century travel itinerary
@enweave4 жыл бұрын
usual and boring implications: - how to survive acceleration? - micro meteorites at 0.25c??? - how to decelerate at destination?(presumably, without lithobraking) p.s. luv the show
@ZielAmerak4 жыл бұрын
to decelerate you just need to do the same, but in the other direction. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqLaoYSXp9d3rc0
@nigeldepledge37904 жыл бұрын
Lithobraking, LOL!!
@AsbestosMuffins4 жыл бұрын
@@ZielAmerak so you gotta have a pair of orbiting neutron stars wherever you intend to go...which would kind of necessitate having the power to 1) collapse white dwarfs and 2) move them to orbit each other
@LestadChile4 жыл бұрын
Actually slow is easy. Just do the manouver backwards. But luck while dealing with the extreme forces implicated.
@Wolfius684 жыл бұрын
AmbeL Castter Easy? You need to shoot directly into another engine, and your approach needs to be timed perfectly. As for extreme forces, you would not feel the force of acceleration from such a maneuver because you’re in free fall, zero g. You can’t feel the force of acceleration due to gravity during free fall; it affects your entire frame of reference. The only perceived acceleration would be minor ones for course adjustment, or perhaps from some attempt at simulating terrestrial gravity.
@Numidea.34 жыл бұрын
since I'm generally interested in neutron stars and love your show, I thought I'll try learning something and get to be a super nerd at once - forgive me for my bad English, i"m also sending greetings from Germany :) To make a shortlist of problems with a "Dyson slingshot" and neutron stars: Gravity would either : - smack you against the back of your ship due to the insane acceleration g-Forces - for reference, the human body can withstand a max. of 46.2 g in the test of John Stapp (Air Force) for a few seconds. Let's say you start at the speed of Voyager 1 (ca. 17.000 m/s) and exit one revolution later (0.005 sec) at 0.27c; that would mean you accelerate at 1.651.593.562 g And to put it simply, that value doesn't really change unless you endure 48 hours at 48g using the same entering and exit speed - during which time you would weigh in at 3840kg or 8450 pounds and one side of your body would have all the blood and the other none ;) - make Spaghetti out of your Spaceship - or the ship would be literally smacked by the partner star if you came in at a bad angle due to the speed of revolution There would also be some problems due to electromagnetism but I was too lazy to look up and learn about that too. I'll do that another time. In short: Spaceship + close neutron star = no technology & 0 human brain function due to interference & ship probably at insane radiation level and so on and so forth ... ^^' Also, since neutron stars are so delicate... In layman terms, if it were more massive it would become a black hole - if less massive it would implode in a supernova due to the imbalance. A neutron star with a 20km radius would have to be more massive or else the forces wouldn't be in a stable equilibrium. The note by the Cornell University (arXiv:1205.6871) a neutron star with just 1.4 sm would already be 10.4 - 12.9 km in diameter. to make it understandable, a neutron star that size is impossible or at the least super duper improbable see iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L5/meta to be more precise; cdn.iopscience.com/images/2041-8205/765/1/L5/Full/apjl459797f1_lr.jpg Have a nice day :')
@storyspren4 жыл бұрын
That slingshot maneuver is actually survivable. If you accelerate at 1g in a car (0-100km/h in 2.83sec), you feel it. In free fall you're also accelerating at 1g, but you don't feel a thing. That's because the car needs to push you, and pushing requires the push to travel through you like a sound wave, particles hitting each other and pushing them to hit the next ones over. During that (very short but nonetheless important) time, the part of you closest to the seat is being accelerated, but the part furthest isn't. In free fall, on the other hand, gravity affects each part of you at the same time, so no matter how strong it is, you'll be fine as long as there isn't too big of a difference between the forces experienced between different parts. A rocket (or anything that throws stuff behind it to accelerate) is like the car, but a slingshot maneuver is more like a carefully aimed free fall. The paper Kyle cited addresses that issue too, as well as the issue of tidal forces (different strength of gravity in different parts due to different distance), and with a 1M☉ neutron star at the distance this would be done, it'd be roughly 1g for every 80m of difference. Of course that isn't exact and only applies to the rough distance to be used in the slingshot since gravity decreases with the square of distance, not linearly. Here's the full paper that Kyle cited: www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ast242_s14/Dyson_Machines.pdf (it's pretty short and clearly written too) On the note of neutron star sizes, yeah a solar mass neutron star would be much smaller than r=20km. The paper states that the R in the equation Kyle uses is the orbital radius of the binary system, so he probably just misspoke and we can call it a verbal typo rather than an impossible star. Edit to add: I forgot to talk about the EM radiation, as well as the crazy magnetic field. Yeah those are huge problems. So I propose we squeeze the neutron stars even more to make them into black holes. As far as I'm aware, they're ok when not feeding. I could be wrong though, and aiming the slingshot will be harder when you can't see your target.
@storyspren4 жыл бұрын
@OriginalTharios The boson doesn't alter the mass of anything. A Higgs field interaction (which is as intrinsic to any particle as its charge) determines something's mass, and the Higgs boson is just a vibration in that field. Like a photon is a vibration in the electromagnetic field, but it doesn't alter any other particle's charge. As for taking thousands of years to set up, that's part of any space exploration project because of the sheer scale involved. And if you do have the technology to move stars, making future travel faster and cheaper is absolutely a worthwhile endeavor. It's like asking why build railroads when you can make a helicopter. Sure you could just fly over the woods in a helicopter, but if you build a railroad, more people will be able to get there AND you won't need to use the more expensive travel method either. I don't know why negative energy was brought up, since that's still very much hypothetical. We don't know if it even CAN exist, whereas neutron stars move all the time. All we need is enough force, like from the gravity of a larger star. How do we move that? Shkadov thrusters. All we're missing is the materials and engineering know-how, but it's completely within known physics. Negative energy and mass effect technology on the other hand, aren't.
@dominikpozarko38794 жыл бұрын
3Dom4Life there is also a problem that our closest star is probably way closer then any of the neutron stars
@SilasMckeeIII4 жыл бұрын
I'm an art major in Texas getting a minor in English, be more confident in you English, looks near perfect to me.
@thorthethunderdawg52894 жыл бұрын
Max of 46.2G's? Look up Kenny Brack the poor bastard survived anywhere from 92-214 G's in a crash on texas motor speedway F1 racing event, a extraordinary case for sure, but he did survive.
@metri0n3 жыл бұрын
This video gave me chills. I love it . Thank you for the awesome videos Kyle
@martinroner56884 жыл бұрын
Just finished fallen order, no regrets, finally a good star wars game
@capitalcitygoofball19874 жыл бұрын
Good to know
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
I find warp drives to be more plausible than building binary neutron stars.
@shdowdrgonrider4 жыл бұрын
But building neutron stars is not hard, only time consuming. A giant reflective hemisphere around a star can turn it into a gigantic photon drive. Just build one around two or more stars and push the stars together. Repeat a second time for the second neutron star and then give them a "little" nudge (maybe using a mirror again or other method) to push them into a binary orbit.
@edvance10304 жыл бұрын
Gravitation Slingshot, huh? So...like Mass Effect's Mass Effect Relays?
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
@@shdowdrgonrider Flying to distant stars also is not hard. Just time consuming. :D
@douglasgreer72554 жыл бұрын
2:19 oop. i think you forgot to say "sweater" of space time.
@KeysmashGirl4 жыл бұрын
Gotem good
@ShlokParab11 ай бұрын
oomph mph is a unit for speed
@The47hitmen4 жыл бұрын
"This would involve a pair of binary white dwarf stars".. Yeah a 4 star system is one hell of a system indeed.. ;p Great show BTW
@myherpesitch77634 жыл бұрын
Thank you Kyle for explaining gravity assist. I never understood how something could gain speed without a cost.
@drahcirtmd39244 жыл бұрын
“We did it! We’re going .25 the speed of light!” “Awesome... how do we slow down?” “Uh...”
@Sylfa4 жыл бұрын
At the end of the trip: "If only we had another 7 months we would have cracked it" Shortly thereafter, ship gets cracked by destination
@derrenmarcusturner4084 жыл бұрын
We use...... A REVERSE HILL ENGINE 🤣🤣
@XonixDerps4 жыл бұрын
Kinda makes me think of the mass effect relays and how they're set up everywhere like a chain
@AndreFerreira-zt2qc2 жыл бұрын
Honestly I love his vids so sad to see that they stopped making them 😭😭 I've learned so much
@31cvgeremy124 жыл бұрын
"Think back to jumping on a person sized merry-go-round." There's no previous reference to a person sized merry-go-round. I hope this isn't a reference to another evil foreshadowing...
@NarwahlGaming4 жыл бұрын
Now, is this a merry-go-round that's just the size of a person... or is it MADE of a person?!
@brandonwood46954 жыл бұрын
@@NarwahlGaming It is six feet tall, and gaudily dressed, with an interesting, almost musical speech.
@benw5434 жыл бұрын
Not to mention be bathed in massive amounts of solar Radiation.
@NoSubsWithContent4 жыл бұрын
From human to superheated plasma in a millisecond
@ronenshtein70834 жыл бұрын
Not to also mention the extreme g's you'll be pulling maneuvering around such fast spinning massive objects.... Surely enough to paste any meaty organism... And if you are an android at this point, don't forget the millions to trillions of Teslas that would surely fry any electronics (and in the extreme cases literally pull atoms apart). And you'd also need a second system closer to your destination in order to slow down or else you'll be speeding thru space for eternity.
@georgplaz4 жыл бұрын
What about the G forces when accelerating? I think we'd just be bones stripped from their flesh
@ronenshtein70834 жыл бұрын
@@georgplaz technically G forces from acceleration are equivalent to ones that result from gravitation ("maneuvering around such fast spinning massive objects") - see equivalence principle, and in this case they are the same, because there's no significant external thrust - just the slingshot maneuver. And considering orbital period of less-than-a-second of objects the size of a small city (~20 km each), I think bones are going to be crushed to pulp too.
@Vastin4 жыл бұрын
@@georgplaz As far as I know, this is a free fall maneuver - no acceleration at all in the ship's frame of reference, so no G forces. Definitely have to worry about tidal forces if you're skimming the surface of a neutron star however, that could tear your ship apart very easily.
@Phoebus72384 жыл бұрын
also would anyone even survive being slung that fast? wouldn't the force be outrageous?
@theCodyReeder4 жыл бұрын
Remember anything that is only being affected by gravity feels weightless no matter how insane the gravity field. It would feel tidal forces though so a large craft would have issues.
@trysin47044 жыл бұрын
@@theCodyReeder I believe he was meaning Acceleration not gravity and if we accelerated that fast we would liquefy maybe even vaporize.
@Azmarov4 жыл бұрын
Matthew Ludwig when skydiving, you don’t feel the downward acceleration. In a plane that simulates 0G, you are still falling at 9.8m/s^2, but you don’t feel it at all. Similarly, in a loop where the turn would exert exactly 1G on you, you would feel weightless at the apex because your upward momentum in that moment is equal and opposite to the force of gravity.
@kingpolo34584 жыл бұрын
@@Azmarov You DO feel it. In your stomach.
@Azmarov4 жыл бұрын
King Polo that’s what weightlessness feels like.
@carlboard8879 Жыл бұрын
I just rediscovered the channel when I was younger I loved your vids and I fully understood the wat you told us the science. Great content.
@christianhendrickson29694 жыл бұрын
A couple of years ago, I came up with the idea of a starship that could produce a black hole in front of itself and use that to sling shot forwards. Granted the black hole would have to be big enough to pull the ship forwards, but unstable enough to collapse before you got sucked into it.
@echo79924 жыл бұрын
Kyle : Pop Quiz! Me : *Grumbling* you're lucky I enjoy problem solving Kyle
@Darkkiinho4 жыл бұрын
More like, Space YEET
@Anon-wh4ou4 жыл бұрын
What if science said "Gravity slingshot" But internet said "No,celestial yeet"
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
Wheeeeeeeeee.....
@VhanchyShu4 жыл бұрын
My question here is, how would you stop your ship going that fast? Also, are there any star systems like that close to us?
@therealshavenyak8 ай бұрын
A slingshot maneuver in the opposite direction around a neutron star binary at the destination would do the trick. And a nice thing about gravity assist maneuvers is that from the point of view of the spacecraft, it’s in free fall the whole time. So there’s no huge g force to deal with. But… with neutron stars having an orbital period of 5 milliseconds, it’s going to take a very precise approach to not end up as the space version of roadkill. Also, the tidal forces experienced in a close flyby of a neutron star will probably be pretty extreme.
@patrickd86549 ай бұрын
This was the clearest explanation of a gravity slingshot I have even seen. 👍
@kysier60154 жыл бұрын
Am I the only one who's first mental image after reading the title was a giant solar system sized slingshot hurling neutron stars across the cosmos?
@matheuswohl4 жыл бұрын
something about a lever and a fulcrum...
@tusharanand63014 жыл бұрын
Yup I was thinking about that since he told about this episode in the last footnotes.
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
Hypothetically imaginable. But since a tiny neutron star still has about the same mass as the sun, you wouldn't get a lot of speed out of that, I believe.
@kysier60154 жыл бұрын
@@Yora21 Ok now I'm wondering what the actual physics of something like that would be.... lol
@philipcollier48834 жыл бұрын
The easiest way to catch a bird is put salt on its tail. Love the show, Kyle. The main problem I see with the neutron star slingshot is by the time we had all the tech involved to make it work we wouldn't need to attempt it: Super materials to keep the ship intact, biotech to protect the passengers, cold fusion at the very least. By the time you got all that together you have cheap energy, funtional immortality, and ships that could probably accelerate to .01C in about a year with only 1G thrust adding only 2 years to the 470 years travel time vs the almost instant acceleration of the gravity assist.
@cboechler74 жыл бұрын
I'm sure they said the same thing about building a network of concrete highways. "By the time we have the equipment to build a trans-continental highways for our horse and buggy, we wont need them anymore." Still wouldn't "need" highways, but like the luxury of driving on concrete with a sports car instead of through a field with a Humvee, neutron star super highways could be a quick and easy way to travel across the galaxy star wars style.
@walfman1004 жыл бұрын
@@cboechler7Yes, the question would probably not be about ability but efficiency and ease of travel. Like moving people and goods from solar system to solar system
@cboechler74 жыл бұрын
@@walfman100 can you imagine the resource exchange rates between star systems? Like, gold could be very common in Proxima Pentauri, but iron very rare. We could trade with them at 1Kg of iron for 1Kg of gold and both parties would feel like they were making the best deal in history.
@patrickd86549 ай бұрын
@@cboechler7 Or you could use nucelosynthesis to turn whichever elements you have in abundance into whatever elements are scare at lower energy cost and substantially less time than shipping raw materials across interstellar distances.
@no_nope_knope4 жыл бұрын
Great episode! Love thinking about how long distance space travel may be accomplished. Thank you! How do we initially get to the stars to begin the slingshot journey?
@rogerpierson83194 жыл бұрын
Just discovered the channel and love it. Unique approach and the drawing board is awesome. Took me a few days to figure it out. For a minute I thought you might have been a Navy OS, who used to be taught reverse writing.
@becausescience4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! -- kH
@Firstpick4 жыл бұрын
And what's with the acceleration of this slingshot? Can we survive this? Btw love the show! :-D
@RicardoLuna4 жыл бұрын
This is a good question.
@alexandresilva34274 жыл бұрын
exactly what I was thinking the whole time. Pilots have died from the acceleration of ejection sits.
@PeterParker-tb7ce4 жыл бұрын
I was thinking the same thing. From my understanding the human body can only be accelerated to a certain amount. Then you would have to decelerate at the other end at the same rate. The other problem with this is how would you set up this system. If you had the tech to set it up you wouldn't need to do it. To me the only one who would benefit from this would be someone living in a system that had Neutron stars. Then it would be a one way trip out.
@PiroMunkie4 жыл бұрын
Yeah that was something I was curious about as well. I imagine a slingshot around something the size of Jupiter might take a long enough time that the G-forces wouldn't be that significant, but for the Neutron star system example I feel like that would certainly kill people. xD
@Bucky917024 жыл бұрын
I would assume so because you'd be in orbit, which is essentially freefall with perpendicular velocity. You also have the distance it's spread over which I guess you could increase by going to a greater distance from the center of gravity.
@_Shinasu4 жыл бұрын
All I thought was elite Dangerous and using the "neutron highway" 😂
@psychohavoc4 жыл бұрын
I thought the same way.
@Jonny5Fails4 жыл бұрын
Questions: How would we deal with being subjected to that kind of acceleration? How fast could we get to Mars if we slingshotted from earth? What if we set up a rail gun like system in Earth's orbit?
@rustynuggets16324 жыл бұрын
Mathematically the rail gun seems sound but there is no way to survive the G force produced by acceleration, there could be a few hypothetical solutions to that, like a stasis field maybe?
@nstooge Жыл бұрын
Educational AND entertaining. Thank you…
@zachh68684 жыл бұрын
The ability to shrink atoms would be amazing combined with this concept. "How many stars r' in ur engine"
@eiecheverri24 жыл бұрын
*slaps hood* this baby can hold 5 neutron stars and has a mileage of 2 galaxies per tank.
@davidpeabody34294 жыл бұрын
Others watching this: oh yah dyson i know him Me: vacuums?
@otengdebrah7414 жыл бұрын
I really liked this episode. Kyle is the greatest!
@georgplaz4 жыл бұрын
You make me laugh with jokes which I would find annoying from any other person. That's a real talent 😁
@water26211124 жыл бұрын
Hey Kyle, I noticed that those neutron stars are REALLY close, and wanted to give an idea of ludicrous getting between the two stellar remnants would be. Say you happened to fly directly between the two neutron stars, each at 20 km distance away due to the radius of their orbits. Using the good old acceleration due to gravity equation (g = (G * Mass of neutron star) / (distance away)^2 ), we get an acceleration due to the gravity of a solar mass neutron star is 333.5 Billion m/s^2, or put in g's, 34 Billion g's of acceleration. When paired with the fact that two of these gravitational fields are acting on your space ship, this maneuver would spaghettify any ship passing between the neutron stars. So it'd be better to put these remnants further away from one another. Thanks for the video, happy sciencing!
@jurijsitar55674 жыл бұрын
This seems very similar to the mass effect "mass relay" sistem.
@Hubert_Cumberdale_4 жыл бұрын
"Report to ship, we'll bang ok?"
@Hornswroggle4 жыл бұрын
It kindof is... but it's used vice versa. In the game they apply electrical voltage to make the payload's mass very small to then fling this lightweight object through space with small effort However with a Dyson Slingshot you use extremely heavy (and preferrably dense) objects to accelerate a comparatively insignificant amount of payload.
@demonemperor4244 жыл бұрын
The animation was so sick in this video
@TheAdanChannel4 жыл бұрын
Great, I also waited for this episode,
@wayneharrison66214 жыл бұрын
This reminds me of the "jump points" used by Marvel for space travel.
@iacobibrasiliensium21394 жыл бұрын
Mass effect Relays? This sounds like mass effect relays....I am guessing this is mass effect relays
@primezero864 жыл бұрын
Except they're a lot faster. Makes u think what materials the inner rotating rings are made of for the mass lol
@Bluedawn84_4 жыл бұрын
That was my thought
@Hacker1MC4 жыл бұрын
I'm wearing the exact same shirt right now! haha. Great video and concept!
@MrEffNell4 жыл бұрын
So mass effects idea of mass relays is entirely possible.
@jackielinde75684 жыл бұрын
13:30 - Kyle, I think you just gave The Slo Mo Guys their next project. (The tennis balls at a moving vehicle.)
@Yora214 жыл бұрын
Basically it's what happens when you hit a baseball with a bat. That should be very easy to capture since the batter is standing in a fixed place and you know pretty well where the impact will happen. If they find a good way to have a vehicle and a ball impact right where the camera is looking it, that would be really cool, though.
@trainjackson634 жыл бұрын
@@Yora21 Quick google just said a 90mph baseball can leave the batter at 110mph
@jackielinde75684 жыл бұрын
@@Yora21 Yeah, but it's more fun to do the experiment. And it's not like Gav and Dan are breaking much ground scientifically. (Devon, of Smarter Every Day, did help advance scientific knowledge.)
@theancientsobek8554 жыл бұрын
Hey Kyle, love you show! We also could use black holes rotational energy instead. If we or any civilization is able to create a neutron star, they also might be able to create a black hole. Also this wouldn't be as special and rare as two neutron stars rotating each other in the perfect distance. It would be easier to maneuver near a black hole instead of through the neutron star circle of death. We probably have to drop of some mass, to escape the black hole but would increase in velocity and make a profit out of it. But to be honest, I am not to sure if we could reach the same less or even more velocity by a black hole. But overall it seems to be more efficient to me.
@terrybullspellr83194 жыл бұрын
The super villian kyle is at it again...plotting to steal velocity now.
@NawiasemPiszac3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Kyle. Even if I've designed couple of rockets in Orbiter Spaceflight Simulator, I needded that simple explanation to use it in my discussions with my friends.
@joeblandd64254 жыл бұрын
the closed captions are travelling at ftl speeds, they're several seconds ahead
@elfenlies4 жыл бұрын
Now that you are going a quarter the speed of light how are you going to slow down.
@Jason-io2vy4 жыл бұрын
Deploy a solar sail as you approach the target star. I was thinking the same thing while watching the video.
@finickybits80553 жыл бұрын
@@Jason-io2vy Literally lol no.
@cullysloy27054 жыл бұрын
I finally get it now! Thank you Kyle
@tristanswain71074 жыл бұрын
So if this was possible how close could we put the closest binary neutron star to earth? And how long would it take to get to it?
@DeveloperJake Жыл бұрын
It could disrupt the entire solar system and we could find ourselves/our star orbiting to the singularity of one those beasts
@nel3594 жыл бұрын
Next episode: "we throw a ball at a moving car!!". Please do. Love the show.
@revaaron4 жыл бұрын
This pairs well with Isaac Arthur's video this week, Late Filters.
@kalebbruwer Жыл бұрын
This is another case of "anyone who could do this wouldn't want to"
@jeromebirth26932 жыл бұрын
Could you increase your space ship velocity from quarter light speed to half light speed by engaging another neutron star system? Could you repeat this yet again and get to 3/4 light speed?
@lieutenantnomad91984 жыл бұрын
But by the time we have machines that can move planets and stars, we'll probably have something like warp drive that can get us to places faster than light.
@patrickd86549 ай бұрын
As insanely impractical as it would be, moving stars is at least possible under the laws of physics. A warp drive probably is not.
@kingtimot4 жыл бұрын
if we get to that kind of acceleration, how would we survive the g-forces?
@insaneAnimeLover4 жыл бұрын
There are no g-forces when you use gravity to accelerate. When you are in free fall you feel completely weightless no matter how high the gravitational acceleration is.
@ethanmoses83383 жыл бұрын
"But don't throw things at trains." You're a gentleman and a scholar Kyle.
@imranshishir19474 жыл бұрын
Thanks kyle. I've been wondering how space crafts benefit from gravitation assist since I was 8.
@Rain5934 жыл бұрын
10:27 So the Mass Relay network from Mass Effect?
@codyhameha71074 жыл бұрын
Kyle what do you think about Kurzgesagt’s video on a space tether?
@chicomanara4 жыл бұрын
Was thinking of this too. The scale is smaller, but the idea is there.
@derrenmarcusturner4084 жыл бұрын
I was thinking of combining these 2 ideas forreal
@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis13694 жыл бұрын
My comment: “Hey, love it!! Also, I know of a better closer version of it called the skyhook, would this system ressemble this? I know you like to appel to people with fancy Sci-Fi but shouldn’t you mention things like the skyhook to give people hope and make them understand that this is NOW”
@derrenmarcusturner4084 жыл бұрын
@@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369 I thought the skyhook is what we were talking about here is it not?
@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis13694 жыл бұрын
Derren Marcus Turner yes it is, just quoted my comment on the video
@Graphomite Жыл бұрын
The idea of us some day moving stars is so cool. Truly god level tech.
@neorazor14034 жыл бұрын
Hey Kyle, love the show! Rather than a correction, I have a question! If it were possible to achieve the timing and coordination to use a Dyson Slingshot, then how exactly to we then arrest that momentum?
@FabricioKarim4 жыл бұрын
This remember me mass relays in Mass Effect games.
@pizzas4breakfast4 жыл бұрын
I remember this one. This is the wine where the coyote say himself down in a slingshot and then strapped himself to a rocket. Is that what were doing here?
@GarrettFinnell4 жыл бұрын
pizza 4breakfast #NeverForgetHarry
@melybuvar4 жыл бұрын
I really like the dyson sphere at the last screen :)
@Kinan.Eldari4 жыл бұрын
Clearly I am missing something because simply plugging in the values for G, M and r I don't get even close to the right answer.
@ScienceFoundation4 жыл бұрын
The problem is then getting to a neutron star
@Wingdnadlla4 жыл бұрын
Can you talk about how GN drives work from gundam 00 also could light sabers being made from hard light from halo help fix the issues with them
@patrikbelan91474 жыл бұрын
Great episode, like always :) The calculations are nice, but the time estimate is not considering slowing down at the destination and also time to get to some binary system. Which is the Alpha Centauri A & B - 4.37 light years away.
@ceceilkrool84543 жыл бұрын
I love your videos science is awesome stuff like this makes my brain feel excited