The Making of the Fittest: Evolving Switches, Evolving Bodies | HHMI BioInteractive Video

[@famznova5696]

who else is doing this for school?

[@lecibaby5368]

Me from PCN

[@Pauline-df4qj]

ME

[@Kut2Static]

Me

[@bradical2577]

Doing this for Biology. I have a C in the class tho lol.

[@itznia_ok8069]

me :(

[@kermitsewerside]

HI MS MCANALLEN online school is not the vibe

[@channelgoingthroughdevelop1668]

no idea who that is but lol

[@xypnosii]

lmfao

[@shreya5874]

u right

[@DodgeFilms]

I literally have Erin McAnallen right now we're watching the same video. She's begun just reusing her online stuff from last year.

[@soup_dad64]

@@DodgeFilms same

[@alanc6468]

Good luck university freshman! o7 Got 63 on the midterm, finished with an A-. Not the best but don't give up!

[@farronabysswatcher1881]

Doing this for school. Play this on x1.5 speed

[@zachdurocher1166]

real pros use 2x and read the captions

[@jaydencrain6380]

Thanks man

[@garywalton3482]

Mile thick ice. Those were the days!

[@diamondman4252]

This was an amazing video. Subscribed. I am going to go through the catalog. I am impressed by the high production quality of the videos, but expected it to not go into any depth or detail about what was done. I was pleasantly surprised that the video's creators managed to make it attractive, accessible, but still keep more details than would be in most Discovery productions.

[@ChevyBM]

Interesting document! I have a wildly caught stickleback in my aquarium, it is a really fascinating small fish witch takes much interest in following me as i stand beside the aquarium and even eats out of my hand.

[@thetoad7367]

I have some ten spine stickleback some three spine stickleback and stickleback with no spines. The ten spine stickleback are relatively dark coloured and the three spine some have like tiger stripes on them, and one of the ten spine stickleback I own is really dark, almost black in colour. They are very cool fish to keep. And they look like mini pike! Their big eyes on the side of their heads and their narrow head and pointy snout certainly give them away as a predatory fish. I also keep minnows and they are a totally different looking fish, they have smaller eyes located further to the front of their heads and their mouths are upturned with a short snout but they are cool to watch as they swim about in the tank in a shoal. I would recommend keeping stickleback if you get the chance. Very informative video this was just what I was looking for! Thumbs up and thank you for this.

[@ilmatilan]

"does our fish have a glowing pelvis" this part just cracked me up

[@cassalamon]

You guys had to watch this for school?? Im watching this willingly!!

[@Lamsus854]

why

[@judy-9999]

That was amazing to watch. I didn’t understand all of it but it held my interest for sure. Thank You 😊

[@_snake]

awesome video thank you mrs. wilson for making us watch this really helped me learn

[@obmrico623]

Do u got da answers to the worksheet tho

[@SohanSingh-db7qp]

@@obmrico623 yo hmu bro i need them

[@Land-Shark]

Bear Paw Lake is about a mile from where I grew up (Beaver Lake). :) I just had a hankering for some stickleback knowledge, and got taken home... :)

[@sirwhale28]

Fantastic resource for my IB biology class. Thank you very much :)

[@josematildoparedesjmp8160]

Superb suite of Educational resources presented by HHMI, probably the best until now in the web. I hope translations to many other languages soon!!!

[@reneehsu6572]

Anyone here from AP Bio???

[@chezkogg]

Bio 11 u

[@juanvaladezgalindo6951]

9th living earth

[@vanncarter6391]

My school assigned me this questions over this video for biology. I clicked the link they left. The school blocked the video for inappropriate content.

[@biointeractive]

If your school district blocks KZbin, you can always view or download our films on our biointeractive.org website.

[@Kut2Static]

Vann Carter I just watched the vid on my phone

[@apineappleguy5855]

Who else is watching this for AP bio lol

[@ricochan7376]

mcuh love from india friend! (;

[@mikeklapp]

I am surprised that the mutation occurred in the same way each time and was a complete deletion of the switch. Is this typical for other developmental changes like limb loss or paedomorphosis? How can we explain the same random mutation occurring in different areas and times?

[@Shavenhamster]

Unique environmental factors that such mutations are an advantage.

[@sandrae7340]

Ms Mac why you gotta do me like this

[@lostastros3039]

hey thats pretty good

[@mikejones-vd3fg]

I have no doubts in natural selection and the evolutionary process, but it still paradoxes my mind to think about a fish evolving spines to not be swallowed, wouldnt the need to evolve these spines mean they'd already dead before they can go on to make that adjustment? Or is it just by sheer chance these things happen to grow for no reason, just by pure chance, then those who had them continued the species with spines. But what was the incentive for those spines to get bigger? Wouldnt that also have to be pure chance too? So maybe theres some 4th dimensional being updating the genes, like they know in advance what to do and then put it in the code and let it play out, then check the results and update the genes again. Otherwise just doing a quick mental exercise of it, it seems that you'd die out before you'd have any chance of evolving a counter to anything, other than of course pure chance. But maybe that pure chance is whats going on someplace else? sentient beings in charge of all this code? Or maybe a "spirit" of a species that's updating these improvements as a whole, and each organism is there to contribute? Very strange.

[@biointeractive]

Your second sentence is closest to the process. If, in a population of fish, there are some that have a mutation (like spines) that improve their ability to survive, that mutation can increase in the overall population, as those fish will be more fit in that environment than the original fish. Hope that helps.

[@quinnthereaux7719]

@@toserveman9317 not a bad explanation

[@williamtrudeau3077]

what's the name of those cages use to catch the stickleback?

[@jonstfrancis]

It's a fish trap, this one is a minnow trap I think. There are various designs of fish traps.

[@stevedurnford5948]

I wonder if this discovery will help lead scientists to reverse engineer birds to their dinosaur ancestors?

[@Hallands.]

How? "Evolution" has already been shown to work much faster than environmental selection-pressure on randomly mutating genes can account for (Darwin's Finches). This is due to epigenetics. Also the three spined stickleback doesn't need to be cut off from the sea to evolve into freshwater dwellers. Both variants are plentiful in Denmark. The smaller, duller variant, without pelvic spines, inhabits streams which were *never* cut off from the sea. As biologists become more familiar with epigenetics, they'll probably come out and say that much of the so called "junk DNA" consists of contingency DNA, currently switched off, but available for quick adaptations to threatening environmental challenges.

[@holdXtoshoot]

What f they get their spines back if the population is exposed to predatory fish? We need to test this. Might take a thousand years though 😁 Awseme video. Thank you

[@jacobgillispie1175]

KetkuFIN honestly I don’t think it would take that long. they still have the genes for them they are just dormant it would likely just take a couple of generations.

[@jessicayang6702]

wow such a useful video thank u Leinwohl for making me watch this :)))))))))))))))

[@ratgirl34]

So, I have a question. Is the loss of this switch an example of micro-evolution or macro-evolution? I got into a discussion with my sister a few months ago where she said she believes in one but not the other, and I tried to explain it to her but couldn't come up with an example at the time. So... I pretty quickly got baffled into silence by her views on evolution.

[@KoenM89]

This is a classic example of micro-evolution. The mechanism is the same. The conceptual difference between micro- and macro-evolution from a scientific standpoint is a gradual one. Evolutionary phenomena labeled as macro-evolution are those transpiring over relatively large timescales, usually between quite divergent species or taxa and considering hundreds to thousands of mutations. With respect to the last point you could argue that even one mutation can result in reproductive isolation and thus the possible formation of a new species, and, in the end, this is absolutely true. However speciation is to be viewed within the bigger context of preceding mutations , adaptation, sexual, environmental and or niche isolation. Capiche ;) ?

[@michaelcunningham3220]

That was the nice way of explaining it. Mine is, there's no such thing as micro and macro and the only reason it was made up, was the religious folks just couldn't handle the idea that God wasn't needed for it.

[@jawael-shanti2770]

Where is this Nevada desert located exactly? Would love to visit.

[@Jack-ek6bs]

Jawa Els in Nevada

[@spazzrock1]

I'm fairly certain that this is a well-known quarry just outside of Fernley, NV

[@WarpSonic]

Okay soooooo... how do these mutations always turn out the same in every scenario? Just how unlikely is it that one particular stickleback fish has this exact mutation? I don't see how the same mutation could occur and then become prominent over and over again in different places; maybe I'm just underestimating the likelihood of any one fish mutating that way.

[@tigercow]

Because the mutation here isn't the gain of a new, random gene that would happen to be the same, but the loss of one that both populations had. I think

[@toughenupfluffy7294]

"The father guards the nest and fans it with his pectoral fins until the children are able to shift for themselves. Then he eats them."-Will Cuppy, _How to Become Extinct_

[@aaronchen5863]

Ms. Souza?

[@bigmanyeeyee707]

ayyyyy ms.souza

[@owarida4671]

ay

[@karldoesstuffYT]

my teacher said this video was made in 2021 >:(

[@upickpaintball7780]

Good job God!

[@toybonnieandfriends2823]

I have one as a pet

[@ricochan7376]

what do you call a fummy stickleback a tickleback hahha thanks much love rom india -your best friend

[@simonbanks5012]

Praise Min!

[@lockykhoo5135]

SIUUUUUUU!!!!!!!!

[@gregorysagegreene]

First genes, then switches.

[@garymingy8671]

Devolution is artistic and fuzzy ,any change is change ,usefull or not , if it effects reproduction , it takes over , if not it fades and another experiment is run.

[@imtiyazbeleem7999]

[@drarda76]

No need for million years... loss of pelvic spines, happened just in 2 decades according to the experiment in Alaska....

[@chezkogg]

Someone else in biology 11 u?

[@brocktonma.1816]

Frightening.

[@breakmyribs2713]

HEY MR KUNZ

[@RealAmericanCitizen12]

It’s two different fish

[@nunya5027]

Anyone from quinnipiac

[@jonathanrayburn]

Sticklebacks in Lake Washington were mostly non-armored until pollution in the lake was cleaned up. Once the murkiness of the water was gone, it was easier for predators to see and eat the non-armored fish. Thus, there were fewer to pass along this genetic information and the armored fish became the bulk of the population. The difference in armored vs. non-armored is a genetic mutation, not evolution. For a species to change from one kind to another, the genetic sequence would have to be greatly expanded. In the case of mutation, physicist Lee Spetner said, "Information cannot be built up by mutations that lose it. A business can't make money by losing it a little at a time." In defense of stickleback evolution, Professor P.Z. Myers stated, "These are changes of kinds... They're distinctly different fish." But there has been no Darwinian change of kind (i.e. ape to man, dinosaur to bird). Until a change of kind can be proven in true Darwinian fashion, the use of the term evolution should be discontinued.

[@buckoneal1888]

Let me know when these fish form legs or wings.....haha....l guess I’ll hear from you in about ten million years...

[@nonlinorg5345]

That's no "evolution". Just adaptation... Still sticklebacks...

[@jbest293]

This video is so dumb bruh, dis is why I hate school

[@buttermepancake3613]

adaptation is evolution

[@obadiahnormal8070]

This makes no sense. Dragonfly lava exist all over the world where sticklebacks live, why would one lose their spines and others not?

[@buckoneal1888]

But they remained fish. That did not change. They did not transform they adapted.... Evolution sucks....

[@titi9248]

🤦‍♂️

[@haeleynguyen8090]

I kinda just want to fail biology for the fun of it 🤪

[@BloodAlwaysFindsItsLevel]

Staying the same with no new features is evolution. sounds legit

[@spatrk6634]

yes. evolution adapts the population so that they are able to survive and reproduce. thats it. it doesnt mean that new features must evolve... sometimes features evolve out of the population... like how emus dont have wings anymore. instead its just a atrophied finger that they cant move if no new features means that they will continue to survive and reproduce. no new features will evolve. you need some selective pressure acting on the population for change to occur.

[@stevehumphries4928]

The fossil record thousands of years ago show the two types of the same fish. In those records where it crossed over ... why? Perhaps fresh water switching to salt? Hmmm ... poor example of so-called evolution ... this is more of an example of devolution (backward). Plus I don't like how they use the word "adaptation", which is observed, to support evolution, which is an entirely different process. It is an example of bait and switch. They get away with it because people do not realize they're using the same word to mean two entirely different things. There referring to adaptation but want you to believe they proved evolution. Adaptation and Evolution are not the same things! This is talking with a forked tongue! LOL ... At any rate ... it is not by chance that brings about this metamorphosis, but by genetic data which is a built in code. So I say this proves to be more like design!

[@DavidFelipe03]

So a designer would cripple an specific part of an enhancer region just to make a fish without spines? sounds totally like a designer to me, sure (that was sarcasm btw).

[@stevehumphries4928]

David Rivas ... there is no new genetic information here, it not even a mutation ... its a genetic switch that simply prevents the expression of a gene. So this is not evolution ... the observed changes in stickleback populations are in no way are the changes needed to have changed fish into philosophers ... ever. (not sarcasm just simply being reasonable).

[@DavidFelipe03]

Last time I checked, a deletion of such magnitude was considered a mutation. The switch is not preventing anything, it simply stopped working because of the deletion of a big chunk of it. There are control regions that specifically prevent transcription, they are not shown here and are called silencers (as opposed to enhancers such as the one the pelvic switch is part of). Evolution is the change in allele frequencies over time, a gene with a disrupted enhancer is a new version or the old allele, where all the control elements of the enhancer worked fine. Evolution in this case means that in fresh water, the allele without a pelvic switch increased its frequency because it turned out to be good for a freshwater environment. You should read on how bats developed wings, horn beetles grew the horn and how snakes lost their limbs, all a matter of mutations altering gene regulation.

[@scottrichter341]

Alright Steve, you convinced me that evolution is wrong and scientists have been lying to me.... Now prove a designer exists.

[@ItsMeCameron]

Sean Carrol you misguided fool.