Bonding and Antibonding Molecular Orbitals

[@SoumilSahu]

you're easily one of the best teachers in the world!

[@rebecca421]

I cant stop ma laugh on ur expressions ....-😂😂😂😂😂 (srry)

[@praneshs9517]

S truee he teaches confusing concepts easily

[@mocerlaalacbaino]

From India and I agree

[@okworld.____2187]

Watching this post 10 years but big kudos to you! Hands down the best lecturer:) got me indulged like a movie!

[@TrueCourse]

Outstanding presentation! Didn't even have to rewind parts to clarify points. Thank you so much for taking time to put this together for all. :)

[@AKLECTURES]

TrueCourse Thats awesome! You're welcome :-)

[@TheReck12]

oh my god you're one of the most entertaining lecturers I've seen, I just felt pulled in from the very beginning

[@athenasincere]

Fantastic lectures. Very clear, at a perfect pace, makes it very simple to understand. An absolute life saver. Thank you!!

[@kanyewest315]

can u please just replace my chem professor

[@AKLECTURES]

lol :-)

[@aeris96]

plz

[@Logadharani]

Literally Duhhh😩

[@MSffgamingyt8995]

U r best teacher from india🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@HitanshuTheBoy]

wow i have been browsing so many videos about this topic and spent almost 5 hours but did not understand anything. You really explained me this stuff in 7 minutes!!!! Even khan academy couldn't explain it well! Thank you!!!!

[@posanivishnupriya]

Sir, the moment I heard ur lecture, i started to cry. I was so tensed that I wouldn't be able to get this concept cz i asked my teacher 3 times, and still couldn't get it. It's because of u that I am so confident in this concept now. Thank you very much Sir.

[@jifangzhang2832]

You really solved an important and fundamental problem for me. Thx a million.

[@AKLECTURES]

Jifang Zhang You're welcome! :)

[@jifangzhang2832]

AK LECTURES But could you please tell me why is the no. of atomic orbitals combined equal to the no. of molecular orbitals formed? I find it difficult to understand the mathmatical process of linear combinations..

[@staver76]

Jifang Zhang This is probably late but I think that two atomic orbitals will combine to form two molecular orbitals [MO] (one bonding MO and one antibonding MO )

[@basharabukrayem9476]

the best explanation in a very easier way than I have ever been taught, i am surprised by the big difference in teaching method, very nice .

[@ajaymehul4690]

I cannot thank you enough for this. Cleared up chemistry so much for me.

[@trollx4945]

actually one of the best MO videos on youtube

[@mattkirchstein9654]

I read about MO's in a fancy Organic Chemistry Book, from a fancy author, it not make much sense at all, then I watched your explanation and things clicked. Thank you for your seemingly effortless effort

[@briannaarmendariz6672]

IT MAKES SENSE. THANK YOU SO MUCH. YOU ARE AN AMAZING TEACHER

[@adilsadaqatkhan9036]

So far he is the best teacher I have ever seen.

[@miriamramos8873]

super clear illustration of how to read the energy diagram and relate that to what happened in the molecular orbitals with electrons and protons. Thank you very much this video was supper helpful.

[@taufeekkhan2093]

love from india sir ...iit jee aspirant

[@Laurmins]

I'm taking the ACS today and we didn't really cover this in class in depth, but my professor said it would be on the exam. Thanks for making this video, it made everything really clear!

[@AKLECTURES]

Lauren Elizabeth awesome Lauren, good luck on your exam. let me know how it all turns out

[@shobhanarsian3723]

Hey it's been 6 years now how was your exam😈

[@yxvrxj7110]

Oh my god you're so good at clearing the concepts...thank u so much.

[@alejandrotorres712]

Thanks I wish more people could just explain things quickly, directly, and clearly like this

[@lmyryan0807]

how do you determine the number of electrons in anti bonding? and under what circumstances would the atoms go under anti bonding?

[@zekeriyenur2300]

The atom does not go under antibonding. Electrons fill the lowest energy first, the bonding orbitals and so there'll always be electrons in the bonding orbital but there may not be electrons in the antibonding orbital. However if there's equal amount of electrons of electrons in bonding and antibonding electrons, it'll be destablised and the bond will not form.

[@KadenWinspear]

@@zekeriyenur2300 She posted that question 6 years ago. I am sure she does not need the answer anymore lol.

[@Preposter]

​@@KadenWinspear It's still helpful.

[@Apostate_ofmind]

@@Preposter its helpful to me!!

[@Apostate_ofmind]

@@KadenWinspear its helpful to me!!

[@daurknyte]

Had to pause my video to see if the sirens were coming from outside or from the video hahah

[@cliffordwilliams9597]

They're coming from outside!

[@krishnatulasi2410]

Helpful keep growing!!! Lots of love from india ❤️❤️❤️

[@funky_cartel097]

Thanku very much!I could not understand it in my class but it's crystal clear to me now😃

[@nicketmehta7462]

THANK YOU SO MUCH!! I really like your delivery style; you make things abundantly clear, you address both sides of the equation, so to speak. Even though you are basically repeating yourself when you do this, I really like it because you leave no room for imagination or speculation. Also when you speak you speak loudly and clearly (aka no mumbling, which is sooo excellent), and neither slowly nor too fast. This was more clear than Khan Academy even. Thank you very much.

[@AKLECTURES]

Nicket Mehta Thank you for your kind words, Nicket! Awesome to hear that :)

[@snes09]

I really enjoyed your explanation of the differences between bonding and antibonding MO. The pictures really helped.

[@AKLECTURES]

Dylan C Glad to hear that Dylan

[@zar1802]

Your videos will save my life. Thank you so much

[@pi70s]

THANK YOU SOO MUCH!! I WAS SO FCKIN CONFUSED OF WHY ANTI BONDING EVEN EXISTED IF IT AINT STABLE BUT YOU CLEARED OUT MY CONFUSION! TYSM!

[@krex9853]

Nice work, helped me big. Also, you could easily be a Simpsons character.

[@sydneyschmitz8593]

VERY helpful!!! studying for the MCAT and haven't understood the point of anti bonding orbitals since gen chem freshman year - THANKS!

[@bikrantguragain5012]

This lecture was gold. It just so easily cleared my doubts. Im really speechless

[@santamaria1363]

This is very educating. Very well taught. Am glad

[@mattlogan6892]

Thank you sir

[@mavisdracula970]

You are explaining much better than books for chemistry)

[@heethjain21]

I was having a very hard time understanding this concept, didn't pay attention when it was taught in class :P Wanted to learn it before approaching the teacher.......You are a gem!! Thank You AK Lectures!

[@pupooo3]

Hey, I just watched the two parts and I have some questions: 1.We learned that if you take any orbital (molecular or atomic) you cannot find two electrons with the same spin.... does that mean that, in order to form the H2 bond, you need to take two H atoms that have electrons with opposite spin, or, all the H atoms have electrons with the same spin and one of the electrons changes the spin while there approaching, or does it acctually have something to do with the sign of the wave function and the antibonding molecular orbitals that you talked about in this video? 2. for me two atomic bond making two molecular bonds is a bit counter intuitive.... I always imagined bonds as two atomic orbitals combining to form one molecular orbital.... so my question is: does the antibonding molecular orbital ''exist'' at the same time as the bonding orbital or is it just a potential orbital that can form (at the place of the bonding orbital).... basically do they coexist at a given time? And once more, thank you for the clear explanation, you are a big help :)

[@AKLECTURES]

Andrej Bozinov 1. Yes, to form a molecular orbital between two atoms that is stable enough to persist for any extended period of time, you must have two electrons with two opposite spins. In quantum mechanics, which is actually where all this theory comes from, we describe the electrons using wave functions. These wave functions describe the wave properties of electrons. Now, to make any meaningful sense out of the wave function in a classical world, we take the square absolute value of the wave function to get the probability distribution (likelihood of finding the electron in some region of space around the atom). When we combine two atoms, we are combining their probability densities. Of course, nature wants to combine them in such a a way so that their density is greatest at the center where the bond is taking place. It turns out that when two atoms with opposite spins approach each other, that forms the greatest density and therefore greatest attraction. Now, if these two atoms are far away, then they have the same exact spin. But as you move them closer, they begin to "feel" each other and the spin changes accordingly to create that stable bond that is lower in energy. 2. Remember, electrons are not confined to specific locations. They are in a constant state of fluctuation and move about quickly. In fact, because they can act as waves, they can be here and there at the same time. Therefore, although the molecular orbital is most likely to be in its bonding state (when two electrons have opposite spin and so forth), there is no reason why an anti-bonding orbital cannot exist at some moment in time. Quantum theory is a tricky business. Lots of counterintuitive things. Hope that cleared some things up :)

[@pupooo3]

AK LECTURES It sure did!!! Thank you for answering my question in such a detailed way :)

[@mohdhaniffbinwahidfs223]

Very intuitive explanation for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Thank you so much!

[@blackdogwoof]

Just started my chemsitry degree and I was a bit confused but everything is starting to make sense now, thank you very much, great video and very well explained :)

[@homosexualitymydearwatson4109]

Since you posted this 2 years ago, how’s the degree going? I’m thinking of switching from bio to chemistry but I feel like I don’t fully grasp the material

[@billnyethewifiguy6827]

I can verify this was filmed in NYC (i.e., sirens in the background)

[@sarahkivo81]

You are an amazing teacher! Made it so easy for me to understand thnx!

[@gomezjuan1000]

very good! i needed to know about this in my solid state physics research and you explained this perfectly!

[@esa2236]

I never really understood why covalent bonds occur when electrons naturally repulse each other in the first place until this video! The protons in the nucleuses in the two atoms pull the other atom's electrons which is why the electrons bond/share despite their repulsion.

[@AKLECTURES]

precisely! :)

[@abdulrehman7681]

Skid they. Are repulsive cuz of their opposite spins😁

[@vanessa-juneovbiagele9742]

What is use of anti-bonding if carbons are trying to form bonds

[@ridhipatel3624]

The concept of anti-bonding and bonding orbitals represents a wave function, so it simply tells you where to expect to find electrons- in the bonding vs antibonding molecular orbital. So the orbitals are really always there, but the electrons are free to move around depending on whether they are bonding with another atom or not, etc.

[@ridhipatel3624]

and I guess to answer your question specifically the electrons need to migrate to the anti-bonding orbital if the bond is broken! Sorry just realized this was posted 3 yrs ago haha but answering this question helped me review, so thanks and hope this helped:)

[@kb808hi]

@@ridhipatel3624 HAHAH sorry this was posted 1 month ago but your reply to it made me lol

[@vincebrown6168]

Your content is amazing.

[@lookitsacactus5872]

Thank you so much! You have no idea how much your Lectures have helped me. Your lectures are my first choice whenever I have some kind of difficulty. I would donate if I could, but I'm just a student and more or less broke 😔🙁.

[@denizsan6015]

Your lectures are amazing! Thank you for your help.

[@gloriaw7066]

This video is super helpful, thank you so much!

[@zer0days392]

Good one!!! Thank you!!!

[@Meg_the_Scientist]

I have been in chemistry courses for 4 straight years and have never had a book (bc profs suck and i am an independent learner) or prof explain as well as you. Thanks :)

[@Oglaflow]

Genuine Genius. Thank you.

[@kushillegalshowseverything3355]

I am 15 and in school we are taught all these VBtheory and MOtheory I was having doubt why antibonding exist thanks ,you cleared my concept :) Can you please make a lecture on how to make hybridized structures of sp and spd types.

[@bg.2559]

Can there be spd hybridization ?? There can be sp3d , sp3d2 and sp3d3 hybridization.

[@FlabbeebblF]

Wow is this what old AK looks like? Hello from the future

[@chloju]

much better than my chem professor

[@chrisdunkins3539]

MCAT book confused me. This summed everything up! Thank you!

[@puretwr899]

Thank you so much for your explanation. Now, I can understand the topic.

[@ElmChris]

I am confused at 7:00 you state the term protons, yet they are shown with their electrons so why would they repel?

[@hamzafarooq8533]

best explanation ever. love u maannn

[@arisriwindyaswari6428]

Thanks for interesting explanation!

[@lutfunnahar5271]

Thank you so much you explained it so nicely.

[@A-Karim]

waw you just understand the atom you can feel it wish the teachers would teaching us like you not just reading the word like it is easy and imaginable

[@atulsharma1196]

Exactly what I wanted. Thank you, Sir :)

[@n3rdysmart]

Thank you!!! Your videos are the best!!!!

[@AKLECTURES]

Rynita Bohler Thank you! :)

[@nerdgasm21]

awesome......esay to learn..great job Sir

[@esa2236]

Because electrons are constantly orbiting the nucleus, an antibond occurs when both electrons in the H atoms are on the other side of the atom so therefore only the positively charge nucleus faces each other which results in a repulsion?

[@JH-ux1re]

Don’t know why my professor can’t be like you!

[@arneluyssaert7098]

If i'm not wrong this is also the reason why He(and other noble gasses) can't make any bonds with itself or other atoms because the 3rd and fourth electron will be on the antibonding molecular orbital which will dissociate the atoms?

[@Learnerofeverything]

Thank you so much! I'm from México and I'm a studen of Petrochemical Enginnering and this video really helped me understand better some thing that I just read in books, could you do a another one teaching us the D orbitals diagrams for transition metals ligants?

[@abdullahkahraman1230]

Very smooth explanation thanks! However, what is the main criteria forming bonding or antibonding orbital? It is about degeneracy of wave functions or what?

[@prabhatsngh250]

Degeneracy of wave function doesnt mean anything. I suppose you are talking about degenearcy of orbitals. Then wave function and degenearcy both play an important role in MOT so we cant say which is important. Degenaracy explains the concept of bonding while wave fuction explains anti bonding.

[@nurlatifahmohdnor8939]

You teach Physics lastime.... Now you teach physical chemistry. I am astonished.

[@elizabethreyna8354]

Professor Andrey, thank you very much for the explanation, but I still have doubts about what you mean when the orbitals are not in phase. My question is if when we say that there is a negative phase, it is because the electron of one of the atoms is not present in the sense that it would be needed to make a bond, that is, it is orbiting in a different zone than the electrons of the other atom?

[@BTNHarmony18]

What would determine whether an H2 is exhibiting anti bonding rather than bonding? Are they cycling between anti-bonding and bonding orbitals as their wave functions are oscillating? If they are in anti bonding, and the molecule splits apart, then what percentage of H2 is diatomic, and how much is in a free radical?

[@amrutamanohar5018]

super helpful explanation! thanks!

[@seantanzey1129]

this is such a beautiful explanation. Since electrons aren't static, do the electrons shared between the 2 nuclei tend to move between the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals? and how, if the there are nodes between these molecular orbitals? Also, in the case of a reaction, say you have a bond that is stabilized by a bonding orbital, do the electrons of say a nucleophilic atom start to fill the antibonding molecular orbital and cause the molecular orbital to break?

[@avizzer]

At 1:56, what do you exactly mean by "higher in energy"?

[@Justlarm]

So would Br2 being exposed to light and forming radicals involve their bonded electrons moving up into the antibonding molecular orbital due to the increase in energy from the light?

[@ChemDaddy13]

That made a ton of sense. Thank you!

[@blinkybit]

Also, why isn't the antibonding two wave functions of the opposite signage as the bonding orbital?

[@gustavs9]

You are fantastic !!

[@nicollogonzales3607]

I'm reviewing for board exam and i find your lectures with much substance. Thank you! Hopefully, you will do biochemistry someday!

[@AKLECTURES]

i am doing biochemistry right now. check out my website :)

[@ppaperclip]

Made a lot of sense to me. His pointer fingers bend back a lot tho

[@frfr77]

Thank you so much what you are doing is really amazing !!

[@VikramSinghSaradhana]

You are great man sir

[@abib1487]

Can you please explain why in the anti bonding formation there is positive and negative charged atomic orbitals?

[@blinkybit]

And shouldn't one of the '-' atomic orbitals be drawn in blue to correspond with the green/blue MO antibonding orbital with the node plane depicted?

[@Islam-way808]

Thank you very much , you cleared my concept

[@bstronglove2211]

thank you for your service.

[@hermest99]

Thanks man, my school textbook did a poor job of explaining this.

[@tomallen2953]

Great video! I felt like Jordan Belford was teaching me Chemistry hahaha

[@SpeakEnglishJapan]

I think there is a small mistake at the 5:00 mark. You say we are combining oppositely CHARGED wave functions... But just a minute earlier you emphasized that this was NOT the charge.... But great explanation, thanks.

[@kartikgupta5023]

He meant to say the wave function is positive or negative

[@kartikgupta5023]

By referring to charge

[@torbakoylubaggins]

Thanks! This helped a lot

[@haphazardgardener8651]

beautiful explanation... im in orgaic and mo theory and valence bond theory was a tiny bit fuzzy til now

[@akashzend7097]

4:36 min any criminal activity in your area hearing police siren

[@MSD07JML]

Thanks a lot for the clear explanation !

[@AKLECTURES]

musaed aljameel You're very welcome! :)

[@katharinapavlin6068]

genius explanation

[@Amanda-cc8iy]

Hi, what does it mean for 2 atomic orbitals to be added head to head or tail to tail? Why do 2 atomic orbitals with same sign added head to head or tail to tail lead to a bonding molecular orbital instead of an antibonding molecular orbital? Why do 2 atomic orbitals with opposite signs added head to head or tail to tail form an antibonding molecular orbital?

[@Lovefreack1]

Great video!! I wish you could make more for Organic Chemistry.

[@non07daisuki]

very good explanation! Just one question, in the bonding case, it's true that two electrons could help stabilize the protons, but why don't these two electrons repulse each other?

[@NICAKAWIRIDER]

Yulin Mo electrons are not localized. Explanation is off I think..

[@milolee7239]

Can you explain the role superposition plays in the phi molecular bonding that stabilizes the atoms?

[@bruteforce8744]

Do the bonding and anti bonding orbitals rapidly interconvert ? Bcz at one one point of Time the repulsion will be max and at the other point of Time the repulsion will be min. Plz reply.